MAACHOUK NeighboUrhood profile & strategy Tyre,

May 2017

1 UN-Habitat Lebanon / Neighbourhood PROFILE & STRATEGY/ MAACHOUK - TYRE, LEBANON / 2017 Copyright © 2017UN-Habitat. All rights reserved. Cover Photo: Riham Kuwatli, UN-Habitat (2017) FOREWORD Credits & Acknowledgements

On behalf of UN-Habitat Lebanon, I would like to express The Maachouk Neighbourhood Profile and Strategy was our deep appreciation to the Swiss Embassy in - prepared with information collected through field assessments Swiss Cooperation Office, for their generous support, which and interviews with local residents and community members. made this document possible. Our acknowledgement goes We wish to thank them for their contribution to the production to the Municipality of Tyre and the Union of Municipalities of of the Neighbourhood Profile for Maachouk, which provided Tyre Region for their commitment in facilitating the work of the foundation for the Neighbourhood Strategy. the team, contributing to the provision of data and reviewing drafts. UN-Habitat Lebanon gratefully acknowledges the support of the Embassy of Switzerland - Swiss Cooperation Office I highly appreciate the involvement of community members who funded this report, within the context of “addressing the and other actors in providing valuable inputs into the impact of Syrian Refugee Crisis in Tripoli and Tyre project”. The assessment and validation processes. Our gratitude goes to generous cooperation, advice and information provided by the community mobilisers who facilitated the work of the field Municipality of Sour is recognized, notably that of the Mayor, team and encouraged community members to be actively Mr. Hasan Dbouk, and Maachouk Popular Committee (Lajnee involved in the discussion. And lastly, my full respect to Shaabiyah). UN-Habitat team who did a great job in very tough working conditions. We acknowledge the field work that was conducted by: - Tyre Regional Technical Office: Ali Zein and Ahmad Shaaby - Sahel Zahrani Regional Technical Office: Hussein Khalife, Mirhane Wehbi, Mohamad Wehbi, and Sokna Saleh. Tarek Osseiran - Community mobilisers: Mohammad Morshed and Khadija Country Programme Manager at UN-Habitat Lebanon Abdul Aal. - UN-Habitat Lebanon staff: Ali Saad, Amal Merali, Bahaa Kaeen, Christelle Khalil, Dani Harake, Elie Mansour, Hassan Zaiter, Hippolyte Roullier, Lady Habchi, Maryam Nazzal, Mohamad Sayah, Nikolaus Hartz, Maya Majzoub , Samer Chinder, Sawsan Saad, Suzanne Maguire and Peter Khoury.

We wish to thank the following community members for their collaboration: Khadija Abdul Aal (Popular Committee), Mohammad Morshed (Popular Committee), Ghassan Hleihel (Popular Committee), Said Khaled Takoush (mokhtar), Hussein Loubany (travel and hajj agent), Dr. Ahmad Morshed (dentist), Mokhaibar Morshed (vegetables seller), Mahmoud Morshed (mosque employee).

This report has been prepared by Dani Harake and Riham Kuwalti, with major contributions from Ali Saad, George Abi Sleiman, Julie Brun and Rena Abou Chawareb; and input from Bassam Abdel Samad, Christelle Khalil , Elie Mansour, Mohammad Sayah, Mikhael Daher, Nour Lababidi, Racha Serhal, Sawsan Saad, and all of UN-Habitat Lebanon. NEIGHBOURHOOD PROFILE PURPOSE NEIGHBOURHOOD STRATEGY PURPOSE

A neighbourhood profile is a multi-sectoral, multi-cohort The Neighbourhood Strategy is a spatial and thematic phased spatial analytical tool to improve the urban crisis response response plan that is informed by the outcomes of the in poor neighbourhoods in line with the Lebanese Crisis Neighbourhood Profile (NP) (UN-Habitat, 2016) for the same

NON / 2017 Response Plan 2017-2020 and the UN Strategic Framework area. for Lebanon 2017-2020. UN-Habitat Lebanon produces neighbourhood strategies as a UN-Habitat produces complementary city* and neighbourhood basis for fostering coordinated action between partners to the profiles that each lead to strategy formulation and project Lebanon Crisis Response Plan and local authorities to enhance implementation. Neighbourhood profiles inform targeting for the response in urban neighbourhoods. The strength of the humanitarian organisations and local authorities. They also recommendations derives from their area-based nature, as an contribute to building a national database of comparable data alternative to cohort-based or sector-based points of entry. that can be used for better understanding and monitoring of The area-based approach starts with a defined geography in urban dynamics in the most vulnerable urban pockets that which integrated multi-sector and multi-stakeholder action city and district averages are blind to, and of how these relate and engagement may be advanced, potentiating optimal to their wider urban contexts. targetting, holistic programming and operational efficiencies. Substantively, the strategies focus on improving living METHODOLOGY conditions through community stabilisation, the upgrading UN-Habitat neighbourhood profiling consists of three phases: of basic urban services and housing, and improving capacity for effective governance. Recommendations are phased in Phase 1 comprises a field assessment in a two-part process. order of identified needs, irrespective of the actual or likely Part one is to identify and record the condition of the availability of funds. buildings, the basic infrastructure services, and all commercial activities, on a base of a comprehensive visual inspection. Part METHODOLOGY two involves a population count by residential unit based on Interventions have been formulated with input from local open-ended interviews with key informants for each building. and municipal representatives, active stakeholders, and focus Information is collected using GIS-based mapping and group discussions. The strategy suggests actions that respond systematic questionnaires. to specific social, economic and urban challenges phased in the following format: Phase 2 consists of conducting a series of focus group - Immediate Response: An intervention that should be discussions and key informant interviews with residents, undertaken within six months due to its criticality for social local public officials (mukhtars), business owners, school stability or to emergency need in the realm of basic urban

UN-HABITAT LEBANON / NEIGHBOURHOOD PROFILE & STRATEGY/ MAACHOUK - TYRE, L EBA - MAACHOUK / NEIGHBOURHOOD PROFILE & STRATEGY/ LEBANON UN-HABITAT principals, healthcare managers, religious figures, and (I)NGO service provision. representatives. The selection of focus group participants - Short-term Response: An intervention that should be takes into account factors such as age, gender and nationality. undertaken within a year to mitigate further deterioration. - Mid & Long Term Response: An intervention that should be Phase 3 entails presenting the findings to municipal undertaken within two or four years respectively, due either representatives and community members in order to build to its secondary or tertiary priority level or to the time frame consensus regarding problems and opportunities. The needed for its execution. General strategic directions likely findings are refined based on feedback from this participatory to be of ongoing relevance may also be outlined under this stage. This approach ideally results in a mutual agreement on response phase. problems including capacity gaps and priorities.

*The City Profile is a continually updated geographical, statistical and multi-sectoral description and analysis of the urban area of a city, where the boundary is defined by the Disclaimer : continuously built up area. Its purpose is to inform the urban The omission of potential interventions may be due to crisis response, generate a national urban database, lead to a the selective scope of UN-Habitat and/or the current City Strategy, and inform strategic project identification. methodology, or may require further study. RESOURCES FOR IMPLEMENTATION I. NEIGHBOURHOOD PROFILE 1

Interventions proposed in this document require resources for SPACE 3 implementation. There is a wide spectrum of resource types from the monetary to the non-monetary in nature and the GOVERNANCE 4 local to non-local in origin. Monetary resources can emerge from: POPULATION 5 - Local NGOs or municipal budgets, or private sector oragnisations (e.g. through Corporate Social Responsibilty SAFETY & SECURITY 7 spending). - Non-local national/international donors and NGOs, and SOCIAL SERVICES 8 various public sector budgets. LOCAL ECONOMY 10 Non-monetary resources can be: - Competences such as local volunteered community-based HOUSING 11 capacities. - Formal governance capital such as institutional powers BASIC URBAN SERVICES 14 vested in municipalities or regional/national state entities. POTABLE WATER 14 WASTEWATER 15 Monetary and non-monetary resources are to an extent STORMWATER interchangeable though interventions typically require a 16 combination of both for implementation and sustainability. ELECTRICITY 17 Monetary resourcing requirements set out against Urban SOLID WASTE 18 Upgrading interventions are indicative estimates, and do not ROADS 19 specify sources of capital. Further, costs may be open to value INFRASTRUCTURE PERFORMANCE 20 engineering; specifically, optimal coordination of interventions in time and space can maximise impact per unit cost. II. NEIGHBOURHOOD STRATEGY 21 GOVERNANCE 23 SOCIAL STABILITY 24 SAFETY & SECURITY 25 LIVELIHOODS 26 A PROTECTIVE ENVIRONMENT FOR CHILDREN 27 WOMEN EMPOWERMENT 28 YOUTH EMPOWERMENT 29

URBAN UPGRADING 31 HOUSING 32 WET UTILITIES 33 ELECTRICITY MANAGEMENT 37 ACCESSIBILITY & MOBILITY 38 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT 39 CONCLUSION 40

UN-Habitat Lebanon City and Neighbourhood reports are available online at https://unhabitat.org/lebanon/ or http://data.unhcr.org/lebanon/.

For further information including GIS data, contact [email protected]. LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF ACRONYMS & ABBREVIATIONS

Figure 1 Maachouk neighbourhood in context of Tyre 2 EDL Electricité du Liban Figure 2 Maachouk neighbourhood zone typologies 2 Figure 3 Schematic section of Maachouk neighbourhood 2 GUPW General Union of Palestinian Women

NON / 2017 Figure 4 Public/private providers per service 3 LEB Lebanese nationals Figure 5 Population in Maachouk 4 Figure 6 Residential density of buildings 4 MEHE Ministry of Education & Higher Education Figure 7 Population distribution by residential unit. 4 Figure 8 Open space gatherings in Maachouk 6 MOEW Ministry of Energy & Water Figure 9 Educational & health services within metropolitan Tyre 8 NRC Norwegian Refugee Council Figure 10 Social services within Maachouk 8 Figure 11 Building use at ground floor level 9 PARD The Popular Aid For Relief and Development Figure 12 Building Conditions 12 Figure 13 Buildings connection to potable water network 13 PRL from Lebanon Figure 14 Potable water street mapping 13 PRS Palestinian Refugees from Figure 15 Buildings connection to wastewater network 14 Figure 16 Wastewater street mapping 14 RTO Regional Technical Office Figure 17 Buildings connection to stormwater network 15 Figure 18 Stormwater street mapping 15 SLWE South Lebanon Water Establishment Figure 19 Buildings connection to electric network 16 SR Syrian Refugees Figure 20 Electricity street mapping 16 Figure 21 Street lighting mapping 17 UNDP Development Programme Figure 22 Solid waste street mapping 17 Figure 23 Road condition mapping 18 UN-Habitat United Nations Human Settlements Programme Figure 24 Stairs and alleys mapping 18 UNRWA United Nations Relief and Works Agency Figure 25 Narrow streets & unlit areas 24 Figure 26 Metropolitan Tyre Land use 25 Figure 27 Value chain based on solid waste management proposed plan 26 Figure 28 Nearby public and UNRWA schools 27 City is used to refer to the multi-municipality Figure 29 Proposed location for Community Centre and football field 29 urban area focussed on Tyre, defined by the extent of the continuous built up area. UN-HABITAT LEBANON / NEIGHBOURHOOD PROFILE & STRATEGY/ MAACHOUK - TYRE, L EBA - MAACHOUK / NEIGHBOURHOOD PROFILE & STRATEGY/ LEBANON UN-HABITAT Figure 30 Proposed space programme (phase 1) 29 Tyre/Sour are used interchangeably by some, here the Figure 31 Potential space programme (phase 2) 29 term Tyre refers to the multi-municipality Figure 32 Community Centre multi-purpose space use 29 city and the term Sour is reserved for the Figure 33 Building structural conditions (phased response) 31 Municipality of Sour. Figure 34 Building exterior conditions (phased response) 31 Figure 35 Communal spaces conditions (phased response) 32 Figure 36 Building connections to the potable water supply (phased response) 33 BIBLIOGRAPHY Figure 37 Stormwater and wastewater networks response plan 33 AUB, UNRWA. (2014). Socio-Economic Survey of Figure 38 UN-Habitat wastewater network upgrading project 33 Palestine Refugees in Lebanon Figure 39 Building connections to wastewater network (phased response) 34 Figure 40 Building connections to stormwater network (phased response) 34 Kaufman. (2006). Between Palestine and Lebanon: Seven Figure 41 Stormwater planters 34 Shi’i Villages as a Case Study of Boundaries, Identities, and Figure 42 Electricity management (phased response) 35 Conflict - Middle East Journal. Figure 43 Building connections to electricity (phased response) 35 NPMPLT. (2005). 1997 figures. Figure 44 Road condition (phased response) 36 Figure 45 Stairs conditions and on going projects 36 The World Bank. (2015). Population growth (annual %) Figure 46 Primary roads and main gates of Maachouk 36 Figure 47 Solid waste management (phased response) 37 UNHCR. (2015). Syrian refugees registered by cadaster as Figure 48 Main upgrading strategies in Maachouk 38 of 2015.12.31 Figure 49 Inter-linkages between urban upgrading interventions and community development responses 39 UNRWA. (2016). Registration data.

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1 Population distribution by residential unit 5 Table 2 Population estimate for Tyre cadastre 5 Table 3 Capacity, cohorts, and shifts timing of UNRWA and public schools 7 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The selection process of Maachouk neighbourhood was jointly conducted by local authorities, local community representatives, and UN-Habitat Lebanon. The selection criteria was: an impotent neighbourhood characterized by a poor socio-economic status, high refugee influx, and a deficient basic urban services rank. Boundary verification was carried out through a participatory approach using community-based knowledge, (I)NGOs experience, and municipal expertise.

Maachouk is a multinational residential neighbourhood that falls mostly within the boundaries of Sour Municipality. The formation of the settlement dates back to the early years following the Palestinian refugee influx (1948-1952), when reached Maachouk and settled on public lands. Today, the neighbourhood accommodates diverse nationalities including Palestinians, Lebanese and Syrian refugees. Labour on a daily-basis constitutes the main source of income for inhabitants followed by agriculture. Maachouk comprises one to three-story residential buildings made of concrete with substandard construction methods and bad foundations.

The neighbourhood is administered by a Popular Committee appointed by the Palestinian Liberation Organization to operate and maintain the basic urban services within Maachouk. Infrastructure services are dilapidated, particularly sewage, stormwater management, and roads. Interventions targeting access to basic urban services in the settlement fall outside the mandate of The United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees (UNRWA), restricted to the boundaries of the official twelve camps. At the educational level, kindergartens and primary education are provided within the neighbourhood, whereas intermediate and secondary schools are located in a close by area or at a distance from the neighbourhood. As for health services, Maachouk’s residents faces several constraints such as affordability, accessibility, limited number of physicians and narrow range of specialisation.

This report summarizes the main findings based on a multi- sectoral analysis of primary data. It sets the foundation of a spatial and phased planning process, leading to the development of action oriented strategies to enhance urban crisis response. The strategies focus on improving living conditions through Metropolitan community stabilisation, the upgrading of basic urban services Tyre and housing, and improving capacity for effective governance.

MAACHOUK PART 1. NeighboUrhood profile

2 UN-HABITAT LEBANON / NEIGHBOURHOOD PROFILE & STRATEGY/ MAACHOUK - TYRE, LEBANON / 2017 e rsdnil ulig ad te poorly other and maintained lower structures. buildings residential new badly maintained areas are some single standing thus etc. and unused, open, wide, many spaces the Within parking warehouses, East: workshops, the some with low quite to is area this of areadensity The industrial–artisanal An 4. structured. western the side whilst the area to the east on is denser and less better is spaces open the and condition medium stretch to both sides. The quality in of the buildings buildings story three to two with areas residential hill, the to Adjacent East: ResidentialWestthe areasto3. the to and spaces for parking and workshops on both sides. two-story wide with buildings, byresidential and warehouses framed is road The El-Chamali. Burj to Sour connecting road main regional a by 2. The main road: The area is limited to the south building quality structures with poor low provision of urbanservices. dense, by characterized is village The walkways. pedestrian possible narrow only via is access area, the within streets, whilst by surroundings its from separated is area The top. its at mausoleum a with hill, a of sides all on area built-up congested historical, A 1. The central village-type structure on the hill: Maachouk consists of four zones: NEIGHBOURHOOD TYPOLOGIES 1 Maachouk, increasing in the population by 26%. live to Syria fled families and Syrian Palestinian crisis, Syrian the of beginning Shrines dating back to the 18th century. Since the circular Islamic a historical two for renowned is which hill, by characterised is The neighbourhood Romans. and Phoenicians, the of time the show in populated already was area the that findings Archaeological Lebanese public displacements. the on by familial to due expanded later Maachouk State. owned Maachouk lands Palestinian in agricultural displaced settled when refugees 1948-1952, in established first was settlement Historically,the deprived neighbourhoodsof the city. most the of one considered is Maachouk north. Plan Green the and the to south camp the to highway main El-Bass the borders It fromwest. away km 1,5 and east, the to camp Palestinian El-Chamali Burj of the from away km boundaries 1 located is the It TyreCadastre. within falls around and covers km2 city, 0.25 Tyre of parts eastern the in located is Maachouk of neighbourhood The SPACE for “the improvement of the Lebanese mountains”, through land reclamation, irrigation and reforestation activities. http://www.agriculture.gov.lb The Green Plan falls under the authority of the Ministry of Agriculture. The Green Plan was established in the mid 1960s to implement a project 1

agricultural lands to the the to lands agricultural Figure 2Maachouk neighbourhoodzone typologies Figure 1 Figure 3

Maachouk neighbourhoodincontext of Tyre 3 Schematic section of Maachouk neighbourhood Maachouk Neighbourhood Palestinian CampBoundary Cadastre Boundaries 1 2 Old City Sour 3 Sour Camp El-Bass Camp El- Burj El-Chamali Batoulay Abbassieh Maachouk 0 4 0 Camp Burj El-Chamali 100 0 1000 500 200 N N GOVERNANCE STATE / FORMAL the major incursion of displacement public expenses in the neighbourhood, from Palestine in 1948. The Lebanese charging households 5,000-10,000 The majority of Maachouk falls within the Government regards refugees as ‘guests’, LBP per month. Coordination between Municipality of Sour, with the exception generally barred from gaining Lebanese the Popular Committee and Tyre of its eastern side and the main road’s nationality or work permits in all but a Municipality is limited to addressing southern side, which falls within the few sectors. PRS and Syrian refugees urgent problems. Good relationship exist jurisdiction of the Municipality of Burj are subject to the same restrictions. between the Popular Committee and El-Chamali. The entire neighbourhood However, there has been a naturalisation Tyre Municipality. is located in and belongs effort in 1994 for residents of the “Seven to the South Lebanon Governorate. Villages” - villages at the southern border In the 1980s, and Amal Maachouk currently embodies a diverse zone between Palestine and Lebanon– of Movement, two of the most dominant social pattern ranging from Lebanese, which some now reside in Maachouk and Lebanese political parties in the south, Palestinian Refugees from Lebanon constitute a part of the neighbourhood’s found interest in Maachouk; especially (PRL), Syrian refugees, and Palestinian Lebanese population3. due to the migration of poor Shiite families Refugees from Syria (PRS). who came from neighbouring villages to settle down in affordable Maachouk. Maachouk is regarded as one of 42 NON-STATE / INFORMAL That led to a demographic change Palestinian Settlements out of camps, Maachouk is administered by the that altered the governance dynamics, also known as ‘gatherings’ 2, yet not one Popular Committee (Lajnee Shaabiyah) whilst the Lebanese parties, Hezbollah of the 12 official camps. UNRWA therefore appointed by the Palestinian Liberation and Amal, gained representation in the does not have the mandate to provide Organization. It is denoted as the most relevant local authorities, resulting in infrastructure services (water, sewage, actively involved body of informal increased state-governance involvement electricity, road networks and shelter), governance within the neighbourhood. in the neighbourhood’s affairs. the agency does however provide social Tyre Municipality does not usually services e.g., education, health, social provide services in Maachouk; in Maachouk is suffering a decrease in protection, etc., to Palestinians from the return, no taxes are collected. As an the quality of already deteriorated neighbourhood. alternative, the Popular Committee is responsible for providing basic services due to the Syrian influx, such as electricity, waste management and water State governance structures, within urban services and maintenance of provision. This influx did pave the way for the Maachouk neighbourhood, are infrastructure services such as wet (I)NGO’s and international organizations present locally with one Mokhtar, utilities rehabilitation and solid waste such as UNDP, UN-Habitat, NRC and two municipalities, and a Union of management. The Popular Committee PARD, which were already active in Municipalities (UoM). Furthermore, the has limited capacity to perform its role Maachouk, to be rigorously tackling some Lebanese central administration has with lack of financial resources and/or issues related to stress on services and not offered a policy response to the human skills. A local fund was created socio-economic development. Palestinian refugees since the start of by the Popular Committee to cover SERVICE PROVIDERS

Figure 4 Public/private providers per service

2 UN-Habitat uses for Maachouk the term “Neighbourhood” and not “gathering”. First, Palestinians are also to be found living outside of both camps and ‘gatherings’, integrated less visibly in the host community’s residential fabric. Second, the term ‘gathering’ focusses attention on one vulnerable group in the out-of-camp urban fabric which is accommodated in poor, often mixed-nationality residential neighbourhoods, which also include host populations and other displaced and migrant groups. The implied cohort-based focus is increasingly partial following the recent influx of Syrian refugees. 3 Kaufman (2006). Between Palestine and Lebanon: Seven Shi’i Villages as a Case Study of Boundaries, Identities, and Conflict - Middle East Journal.

3 4 UN-HABITAT LEBANON / NEIGHBOURHOOD PROFILE & STRATEGY/ MAACHOUK - TYRE, LEBANON / 2017 Total Number of Residents 3,374 POPULATION DISTRIBUTIONB Figure 5 POP

Total number of residential units suggests 2016) (Dec survey population Maachouk The etc. basement workshop, be an apartment, rooftop add-on, studio, could It household(s). and persons more The or one by building. purpose residential a for used each spaceself-contained a is unit residential by for surveyed interviews informant was key on based unit residential population The POPULATION COUNT LEB, SR,PRL andPRS. between breakdownpercentage and numbers actual showing unit, residential per residents of number to respect with distribution Population Figure 7 Total ResidentPopulation inMaachouk 100 120 140 160 180 45% 24% 29% 20 40 60 80 Source: UN-Habitat Lebanon, December 2016 0 2%

Population inMaachouk Population distributionby residential unit. 24% 72% 4% 1 ULATION PRS PRL SR LEB 7.3 3.3 3.0 27% 63% 10% 2 average residents /unit average residents /unit average residents /unit average residents /unit 12% 1% 34% 53% 3 21% 32% 47% 4 densest neighbourhoodsin the city. Maachouk is now considered as one of the unit. residents/7.3 at PRS amongst greatest and PRL amongst 3.3 is unit residential per occupancy average The SR. a quarter and PRL, were half 3,374. almost these, of Of count resident all-cohort an Y RESIDENTIAL UNIT Number ofresidents per residential unit Figure 6 48% 19% 33% Number of Residents per per Unit ofResidents Number 5

Residential density of buildings 44% 26% 30% 6 30% 37% 28% 5% 7 18% 71% 6% 8 and Palestinian refugees have been been the neighbourhood. in settled have and Syria from refugees displaced Syrian many Palestinian 2011, and in crisis since Syrian the Moreover, villages. from neighbouring families Lebanese income low of From LEB PRL PRS SR 6% Residential Density of Buildings h 18s i hd hg inflow high a had it 1980s, the 33% 33% Residential Density of Buildings 25% 8% 9 to 31 to 16 to 0 to 31 to 51residents perbuilding 16 to 30residents perbuilding 1 to 15residents perbuilding 15 residents per building 48 residents per building 30 residents per building 31 to 48residents per building 16 to 30residents per building 0 to 15residents per building 20% 60% 011 10 20% and above and 100% LEB SR PRL Total4

% %% % % % % % Number of of Number residents/unit 1 12 5 12 1 2 1 2 0 43 10 43 3 57 100 57 2 2 31 13 62 6 11 7 22 3 78 19 156 10 120 100 240 7 3 53 22 159 16 18 12 54 7 73 18 219 14 145 100 432 13 4 59 24 236 24 32 21 128 16 89 21 356 23 180 100 720 22 5 45 18 225 23 25 17 125 16 71 17 355 23 141 100 705 21 6 29 12 174 17 23 15 138 17 43 10 258 17 95 100 570 17 7 12 5 84 8 16 11 112 14 13 3 91 6 43 100 287 9 8 1 0 8 1 12 8 96 12 3 1 24 2 17 100 128 4 9 4 2 36 4 4 3 36 5 3 1 27 2 12 100 99 3 10 & above 0 0 0 7 5 82 10 1 0 10 1 9 100 92 3 TOTAL 246 100 996 100 150 100 795 100 417 100 1539 100 819 33304 100

Table 1 Population distribution by residential unit Number of residential units Number of residents

TYRE POPULATION COUNT As per UN-Habitat Tyre City Profile, PRL living outside camps in Tyre Official population in the city is estimated cadastre are mainly concentrated in Cohorts Source Figures according to the following: the two Palestinian “gatherings” of Maachouk and Jal el Baher. PRL living 1997 figures Official cadastral figures for the in Maachouk add up to 1533 inhabitants adapted in various cohorts used by all partners and constitute 38% of the total PRL LEB5 47,479 LCRP (Govern- to the Lebanese Crisis Response Plan population living outside camps in Tyre ment of Lebanon (Government of Lebanon and the United cadastre, shown in Table 2. It is worth and the United Nations, 2017) Nations, 2016) suggest a total population noting that PRL living outside camps in of 99,412 for Tyre. Tyre only make up around 9% of the total UNHCR Leb SR 8,147 PRL population. Figures indicate that 2015 Syrian refugees constitute 8% of the total PRL 41,200 AUB, UNRWA Tyre cadastral population. Nevertheless, (camps) 2014 when analogized to a 24% Syrian refugee occupation in Maachouk, it is rendered PRL5 UN-Habitat, (outside camps) 4,000 UNDP 2014 evident that a high rate of Syrian refugees occupy the neighbourhood of Maachouk PRS 2,586 UNRWA 2015 when compared to other neighbourhoods in the city. Total6 99,412

Table 2 Population estimate for Tyre cadastre

4 PRS figures are excluded from this table due to their insignificant numbers compared to other cohorts where they add up in total to 44 residents. 5 The 1997 household survey on which this data set is based includes PRL outside camps. Therefore, the 4,000 PRL residing outside camps are assumed to be included in the Lebanese figures. 6 The total is the sum of LEB, SR, PRL (in camps) and PRS.

5 6 UN-HABITAT LEBANON / NEIGHBOURHOOD PROFILE & STRATEGY/ MAACHOUK - TYRE, LEBANON / 2017 SAFETY &SECURITY basic urbanservices andpoverty. of lack parties, political on dependency services, community of provision low engendered by main further and tension, as of governmentcauses activities economic local limited of the in capacity limitation enforcement, law shortage of argue members Community limited, mostly day-to-day andinformal jobs. the on competition increased which Syria, from refugees of influx the increasedhas with neighbourhood in the unemploymentMoreover, refugees. new competition the and communities creating original between same thus the utilising facilities, is base consumer LEB) larger and A SR). and (PRS refugees (PRLthe and community host the infrastructural between tension creating and thus services, economic social, influx refugee pooralready on stress posed Syria, from onwards and 2011 The SOCIAL COHESION safety andsecurity concerns: to causes different identified surveyThe conflicts allhinder safety. political during tension to vulnerability facilities, educational lack of recreational and open spaces, and in and deficiency lack healthcare services, urban situation, basic of economic precarious The neighbourhood. the in together live who and cohorts all living among concerns safety same and the of share survey residents Maachouk discussions, field group the focus to According ©:UN-Habitat (2016) omte ad te political enhancing security measures in the neighbourhood. platform other effective an communication established have and parties Popular Committee The problems. concerns resolve to security Committee and their to Popular respond the to residents’ on in reflected reliance and is This security safety. law uphold of to absence perceivedenforcement a is There SECURITY HOLDERS environments by safe drugusers. as used being are neighbourhood aroundthe lands rise. Agricultural the on reportedly is youth the among addiction alcohol and drug because exacerbated non-functional or is insecurity of feeling The lights. street lack and narrow with are winding streets the as of of insecurity sense layout a creates that street neighbourhood the and fabric claim physical Key-informants the to next Popular Committee. streets the on place condolences take as such gatherings social Even planning. urban of lack and fabric urban crowded the to public due spaces of open lack a is There shops. coffee around and streets to limited are adults and children both for gatherings Social PUBLIC SPACES /STREETS all cohorts in the neighbourhood. for services urban providing by dwellers between cohesion social on strengthening working is Committee Popular The Figure 8Open space gatherings inMaachouk Gathering spaces Gathering 4 3 2 1 Mosque Yard (Children, female youth &elderly) Cemetery (Everyone) Street gathering (Children, male youth &elderly) Empty land/Football field (Children &male youth) 2 Popular Committee 3 1 4 0 0 ©:UN-Habitat (2016) 125 125 250 250 N N SOCIAL SERVICES Population growth in the neighbourhood and the city, has increased the challenges to secure the residents’ access to social services. Many of the challenges to social service delivery in Maachouk are similar to those faced in other parts of the country. The arrival of refugees from Syria exerted additional pressure on education and health services. The assistance from UNRWA is restricted to Palestinians. Distance from social services and transportation affordability were reported to be a key challenge for accessing services. ©:UN-Habitat (2016)

EDUCATION On educational level, a main challenge which are PRL and 20% are PRS. streets. Many students dropped out for neighbourhood residents is the lack in Palestinian residents opt for UNRWA’s of school due to the unaffordability provision of intermediate and secondary Al Chajra middle school located in El- of transportation fees. It was also education levels. Thus, students have to Bass camp approximately 1 km West of reported that many students attend enrol in schools in a close by area or at a Maachouk that can provide for up to 900 technical institutes instead of higher distance from the neighbourhood, which students. Lebanese and Syrian refugee educational programs to learn technical come with associated costs, including students attend three public schools craftsmanship. higher fees and/or transportation covering all education levels and situated expenses. within close proximity; Thnawiyat Sour Based on key-informant interviews, a Al Rasmiya Lil Banat, Madrassat Al large number of Syrian kids are out of The available education in Maachouk is Masaken Al Rasmiya Al Moutawassita schools to support their families Many of limited to primary education, with one and Madrassat Burj Al Chamali Al these children are working risky jobs like UNRWA primary school- Al Tantoura- Moutawassita Al Rasmiya. Focus group welding or picking tobacco. and two kindergartens. Al Tantoura has a discussions revealed that boys and girls capacity to accommodate 300 students of all ages walk to classes during the and has 190 registered students, 80% of school year, on pedestrian-unfriendly

Physical Total Palestinian Num- LEB SR SR ID Name Capacity registered refugee (AM shift) ber of (AM shift) (AM shift) (PM shift) (per shift) (AM shift) Shifts PRL PRS UNRWA Schools Al Tantoura Primary 1 300 190 - 0 153 37 1 - School Al Chajra Primary / 4 900 580 - 0 480 100 1 - Middle School for boys Deir Yassine Secondary 6 600 403 - 0 386 17 1 - School Public Schools Madrassat Al Masaken 2 800 628 263 322 43 2 748 Public Middle School Bourj Al Chamali Public 3 1900 727 550 177 0 2 220 Middle School Sour Public Secondary 5 1500 1011 1005 6 0 1 - School for girls

Table 3 Capacity, cohorts, and shifts timing of UNRWA and public schools

7 8 UN-HABITAT LEBANON / NEIGHBOURHOOD PROFILE & STRATEGY/ MAACHOUK - TYRE, LEBANON / 2017 Figure 9 Figure 10 Point Clinic Health Mobile • UNRWA’s Mobile Health ClinicPoint. UNRWA’s and (private), centre healthcare primary Karameh (private),Al centre healthcare primary Khomayni are primary these three Maachouk, in facilities are healthcare There care. health primary to limited is neighbourhood the inside services health of availability The HEALTH Education Healthcare Centers Public Schools UNRWA Schools of specialization. limited with range narrow though and services consultation PRS, covering and week, PRL per twice opens Maachouk and in part-time operates (A) 0 Popular Committee Police Station Mosque Kindergarten Secondary Primary or SDC Secondary Schools Middle Schools Primary Schools Secondary Schools Middle Schools Primary Schools Metropolitan Tyre Maachouk Neighbourhood

375

Educational &healthservices within metropolitan Tyre Social services within Maachouk 1 750 1500 N Health B A l aae () rvds consultation provides (C) Karameh • Al • Al Imam Al Khomayni Healthcare Centre C physicians. and 10,000 15,000 LBP but with limited number of between fee a for week a times three residents all for services Khomayni dispensary hasstopped. the inside refugees Syrian for services medical of support 18,000 the However, LBP fee and 5,000 a between for ranging beneficiaries tests. all laboratory (MRI, targets and It etc.) scan, examinations CT consultations, including medications, range services wide full-timeof a provides (B) 6 Religious H 5 4 D H E + 2 B + H + A F C 1 eiain ad rnprain fees transportation were conveyed asmainchallenges. and of distance shortage medications services, healthcare the However, from of proximity direct neighbourhood. the even in not facilities if health UNRWA utilise inside locatedPalestinians of majority vastThe camps. are centres care health UNRWAofMost (F). Hospital Hiram and neighbourhood: the (D),GovernmentHospital(E) of the vicinity the that in discussions residents of Maachouk group use three hospitals through focus reported was it Furthermore, 1 km 3 Governance 2 km 0 0 1000 500 3 km N LOCAL ECONOMY Maachouk is a residential area, with some The commercial activities located painters and construction workers who economic activity on the main highway along the main road leading to Burj El undergo technical education and then to the south. The commercial activity Chemali serve local population, as well vocational training in nearby workshops within the neighbourhood is dominantly as to a city-wide array of consumers lack the means to open their own composed of small shops divided into seeking affordable products. Some businesses and purchase the required different categories, including food workshops and small scale industries are equipment and tools. and grocery, bakery, stationary, coffee also located on the eastern part of the The precarious economic situation inside shops, galleries for furniture, cell phones, neighbourhood. the neighbourhood is being aggravated barbers, clothing, and accessories. by the poor basic urban services Workshops account to 20% of the Focus group discussions reported that provision. This situation is leaving the commercial activity, covering mechanics, labour on a daily basis is the main source responsibility to the residents’ and the metal works, cement and stone making, of income for residents followed by Popular Committee which lack financial construction material, carpenters, paint, agriculture. Poverty is also high amongst resources to undertake much-needed and repair. Restaurants count 2% of agriculture labourers, as employment infrastructural works, resulting in both the commercial activity including small is mostly seasonal. Craftsmen like high-cost services, and constraints for restaurants and snacks. ironworkers, carpenters, builders, operating businesses efficiently.

N Figure 11 Building use at ground floor level 0 100 200

TYPES OF COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES Shops: Workshops: Food and grocery, Mechanics, metal works, bakeries, restaurants cement and stone, and snacks, stationary, construction material, % coffee shops, galleries carpenters, paint, and 80 for furniture, cell phones, 20% repair. barbers, clothing, general household goods, textiles, and accessories.

©:UN-Habitat (2016) ©:UN-Habitat (2016) ©:UN-Habitat (2016)

9 10 UN-HABITAT LEBANON / NEIGHBOURHOOD PROFILE & STRATEGY/ MAACHOUK - TYRE, LEBANON / 2017 Structural supporting elements I Beams I Columns STRUCTURAL BUILDINGCONDITION The inspection focused on: Zahrani Sahel and Union of Municipalities. Offices Tyre Technical under Regional (RTO) the from building UN-Habitat and engineers and architects external byconducted wasassessment condition comprehensive A roofs. are made of concrete buildingsand corrugated iron to Most height. one in three-storeys of buildings residential storey Maachouk comprises 403 low rise multi- HO to infrastructure networks (i.e. stormwater, stormwater, wastewater andelectricity) (i.e. networks infrastructure to Connection to services: building connection 4. with people disabilities) for provision and entrances, exit, lighting, of means (i.e. of buildings spaces shared spaces: Communal 3. roof, windows, doorsandbalconies) walls, (i.e. envelope building the of 2. Exterior building condition: components elements (i.e. beams,columns) structural condition: building Structural 1. 43 32 18 7 BUILDINGS: USING % % % % urgent rehabilitation. state andinneedof Buildings incritical supporting elements. or missing structural show severe cracking of buildings intervention: Emergency Critical - stop further damage. Attention needed to reinforcement. and visible rusted penetrating buildings, or wall leaks, water signs of roof of buildingsshow distinct repair: Substandard- Major monitoring required. into building.Continual with nointrusion back floors and/or walls shrinkage cracks in of buildingshave minor Fair -Minor repair : failure in the building. visible signof distress or of buildingshave no maintenance: Good -Routine General findings for the buildingsare: categorized into the following rating criteria: was feature building Each 83% of• 83% have buildings residentialthe a residential, are buildings the of • 97% built were buildings the of • 66% element: Urgent repair and/or replacement replacement required. and/or repair Urgent element: 4. Critical – Extensive damage or missing significant problems: Major repair required. 3. Substandard – Failure apparent including Minor repair required. 2. Fair – Minor repairable problems visible: Routine maintenance required. visible: problems apparent No – Good 1. ground floor use floor use ground commercial a having 15% with 26% and 1975, between 1975and2000 and 1944 between 40 32 19 RESIDENTS: 9 % % % % emergency intervention buildings that need of residents live in repair buildings that needmajor of residents live in repair buildings that needminor of residents live in routine maintenance buildings that need of residents live in and dwellers arrested. demolished are additions housing where conditions residents indicate that stringent there are instances secure to their forcedby police.Interviewslocal the with due upgrade to to houses dwellers permits renovation for practically is it impossible illegal, is tenure where (earthquakes).Moreover,hazards against vulnerability provoking thus support etc.), ratio, structural (foundation, concrete mix,steel-concrete inadequate with builtusing substandard construction methods been have to stated are buildings most distress, structural of signs visible Even though the buildings in don’t show inspection. any construction proper without buildings and safetylaws and building overlooking lands public on informal the are Maachouk Predominantly,

Emergency Major Repair Minor Repair Routine Maintenace

LEB PRL PRS SR EXTERIOR BUILDING CONDITION Exterior walls I Roof I Windows I Balconies

BUILDINGS: RESIDENTS: Good - Routine Maintenance: of residents live in of buildings have buildings with exteriors good exterior conditions that need routine with no failure or problems maintenance 31% of any kind apparent. 30% Routine maintenance will be adequate. Fair - Minor Repair: of buildings have fair Routine Maintenace exterior conditions with

of residents live in SR minor problems and buildings with exteriors slight cracks that are that need minor repair easily repaired. Continual 45% monitoring is required. 43% PRS

Substandard - Major Minor Repair Repair: of buildings have a poor of residents live in buildings with exteriors exterior condition with PRL distinct signs of failure that need major repair including water intrusion, 20% cracks, deterioration which 21% requires major repair. LEB Major Repair Critical - Emergency Intervention: of residents live in of buildings have buildings with exteriors dilapidated exterior that need emergency 4% conditions with severe % intervention failure apparent resulting 6 in extensive damage where emergency Emergency attention is called for.

COMMON BUILDING AREAS Means of Exit I Entrances I Lighting I Provisions for people with disabilities

BUILDINGS: RESIDENTS: Good - Routine Maintenance: of residents live in of buildings have buildings with common functional communal areas that need routine spaces with gated % maintenance 42% entrances, lighting 42 provided in all areas, and easily accessible exit doors and staircases. Fair - Minor Repair: of residents live in Routine Maintenace buildings with common of buildings have minor areas that need minor defects in the communal SR spaces such as minor repair 47% problems in entrance 44%

gates. Minor Repair Substandard - Major PRS Repair: of residents live in of buildings have serious buildings with common defects in the communal areas that need major

spaces including PRL malfunctional gates, repair 9% electrical wiring problems, 11% and blocked staircases by obstructions that can be Major Repair

removed. LEB Critical - of residents live in Emergency buildings with common Intervention: areas that need of buildings have emergency intervention % no and/or damaged 3% 2 gates or lighting at the entrances with significant obstructions to staircases Emergency that can’t be easily removed in case of emergencies.

11 12 UN-HABITAT LEBANON / NEIGHBOURHOOD PROFILE & STRATEGY/ MAACHOUK - TYRE, LEBANON / 2017 Exterior BuildingConditionExterior Structural Condition Figure 12 Building Material Communal Spaces Routine Maintenance Routine Maintenance Routine Maintenance

Building Conditions. Concrete ©:UN-Habitat (2016) Concrete with steel additions Minor Repair Minor Repair Minor Repair ©:UN-Habitat (2016) Major Repair Major Repair Major Repair Emergency Intervention Emergency Intervention Emergency Intervention ©:UN-Habitat (2016) BASIC URBAN SERVICES POTABLE WATER BUILDINGS: RESIDENTS: Potable water is available, every day Functional: of the week, to a great part of the of residential buildings are of residents live in connected to water supply buildings with a functional neighbourhood, but the piping system network with good quality potable water network is in need of rehabilitation to reduce 95% pipes and no leakages. 96% leakages and water losses.

• Water quality is poor and not suitable Malfunctional / for drinking. connected: of residents live in of buildings are connected buildings with a • Water supply is continuous and mostly to the water supply malfunctioned yet network but with connected potable water meets the domestic water needs. 1% minor leakages and/or 2% network inappropriate installation • There is a lack of water treatment of water pumps. for lime scale, in addition to proper chlorination. Serious defect / connected: of residents live in of buildings are connected buildings with serious to the network but pipes defected yet connected 0% have major leakages and 0% potable water network are at the end of their lifecycle.

Missing / Not of residents live in connected: buildings with no access of buildings are not to a water supply network connected to water 4% supply network, requires 2% immediate attention

Functional Connected with minor defects Connected with major defects Missing/ Not connected

Figure 13 Buildings connection to potable water network

N 0 100 200

Figure 14 Potable water street mapping

13 14 UN-HABITAT LEBANON / NEIGHBOURHOOD PROFILE & STRATEGY/ MAACHOUK - TYRE, LEBANON / 2017 Most defected building connections to connections building defected • Most tanks septic constructed badly • Many wastewater discharge, peak • During and stormwater of • Interdependency is network sewage the of • 34% clogged partly are sewers • Wastewater Figure 15 WASTEWATER oe n h hl gnrtn a flood- a generating prone area onitsoutskirts. hill the on zone the network occur in the central historic septic desludging are tanks. with costs associated maintenance Additional the to non-existent. to minimal connectionsare line main and leaking are innetwork. sewage of disposed blocking to waste leading sewers solid likely by is caused manholes through overflow the of rainfall, part west heavy neighbourhood. the during in especially sewage of flooding in result networks wastewater neighbourhood health among and residents. causing risks problems is environmental which malfunctioning overloaded network. reducing the capacity of the pipes to neighbourhood, an the of parts many in

Buildings connection to wastewater network Functional once ihmnrdfcsConnected with major defects Connected with minor defects 40 47 6 7 BUILDINGS: % % % % street. into opendrains on the discharge their wastewater connected to asewer and of buildingsare not discharge: Missing /Street plumbing system. and/or blockages in major leakage problems and/or septic tanks with to the wastewater network of buildingsare connected connected: Serious defect / system. wastewater plumbing minor leakages in the and/or septic tanks with to the wastewater network of buildingsare connected connected: Malfunctional / properly installed. and plumbingsystem is to the wastewater network of buildingsare connected Functional: Figure 16 0 50 35 8 RESIDENTS: 7

Wastewater street mapping 100 % % % % Missing/ Not connected 200 to a wastewater network buildings with noaccess of residents live in wastewater network defected yet connected buildings with serious of residents live in network connected wastewater malfunctioned yet buildings with a of residents live in wastewater network buildings with a functional of residents live in N STORMWATER BUILDINGS: RESIDENTS: • The neighbourhood has inadequate or non-existent stormwater networks, Functional: of buildings are of residents live in 72% of the streets lack gullies and any connected to the network. buildings with a functional mean of drainage, causing localised Stormwater pipes are stormwater network 9% properly installed and 11% flooding during rainfall especially in the functional. bottom of the slopes to the hill. • 91% of buildings have malfunctioning/ Malfunctional / of residents live in missing connections to the stormwater connected: buildings with a of buildings are not malfunctioned yet network, contributing to drainage connected to the network. connected stormwater problems including street stormwater Stormwater pipes network 52% are properly installed 50% runoff. on external walls but discharge on street. • Drainage channels are either narrow or partially to completely blocked. Serious defect / connected: of residents live in of buildings are not con- buildings with serious • Flooding and inadequate drainage nected to the network. defected yet connected of stormwater is causing structural Stormwater pipes are stormwater network 36% installed but have serious 35% damage to the roads and buildings. defects, leaking and/or blocked, and discharge on • Key informants note that poor drainage street. has a significant impact on the Missing / Street prevalence of vector-borne diseases discharge: of residents live in of buildings are not buildings with no access among neighbourhood residents and connected to the to a stormwater network % municipal network and/ % widespread infections. 3 or have missing/blocked 4 stormwater roof gutters • A clear relation is observed between or drains. No stormwater pipes installed and functionality of the network and rainwater is leaking on neighbourhood zones. external walls.

Functional Connected with minor defects Connected with major defects Missing/ Not connected Figure 17 Buildings connection to stormwater network

N 0 100 200

Figure 18 Stormwater street mapping.

15 16 UN-HABITAT LEBANON / NEIGHBOURHOOD PROFILE & STRATEGY/ MAACHOUK - TYRE, LEBANON / 2017 ELECTRICI s o rnwbe nry s minimal is energy renewable of • Use when non-functional are lights • Street generatorspowerof use increasing • The owned privately on depend • Residents • Electricity supply is inadequate to meet often is infrastructure • Electrical Figure 19 (solar panels,lighting, water heating). the mainpublicpower supply isdown. in resulting regulated, additional air andnoisepollution. being not is generator 5 Amperes. for 120,000LBParoundfor is charge subscription the monthly supply The day. per to electricity of hours remaining generators power electrical of supply per day. hours 6 - 4 receive where they residents the of demands the where wires are common. overhead dangerous tangled and hazards electric and dilapidated

Buildings connection to electricnetwork Functional TY once ihmnrdfcsConnected with major defects Connected with minor defects 40 50 9 BUILDINGS: 1 % % % % electrical grid. not connected to the of buildingsare connected: Missing /Not building residents. wires causingdanger to electrical grid, with electric connections to the but have inadequate of buildings are connected, connected: Serious defect / weatherproofing.. safety measures and externally with limited electric wires are installed to the electricalgrid, defects in their connection connected, buthave minor of buildingsare connected: Malfunctional / wires properly installed. with electric of buildingsare connected Functional: 0 Figure 20 53 35 9 RESIDENTS: 3 100

Electricity street mapping. % % % % Missing/ Not connected Missing/ Not connected 200 grid connected to the electrical buildings that are not of residents live in electric grid defected yet connected buildings with serious of residents live in connected electricgrid malfunctioned yet buildings with a of residents live in connection to electricgrid buildings with a functional of residents live in N Figure 21 Street lighting mapping *This map is representative only when public electricity is available. When the power is down, the area is completely dark.

SOLID WASTE The municipality and the Popular • There are no bins for the litter or the Committee has created a well-structured generated garbage bags in the whole collaborative effort for solid waste neighbourhood. management in successful formal/ • There is a lack of awareness and bad informal system. The Popular Committee habits among some residents. is responsible for collecting the solid waste on a daily basis using their own • Rampant dumping of garbage on two pick-up truck. The waste collected is then empty lands leading to the formation dumped in the solid waste treatment of informal dumpsites, induction of plant in Ain Baal. environmental degradation, attraction of insects and rodents, and increasing risk of vector-borne diseases. ©:UN-Habitat (2016) • There is an absence of recycling and sorting waste facilities.

Figure 22 Solid waste street mapping. N 0 100 200

17 18 UN-HABITAT LEBANON / NEIGHBOURHOOD PROFILE & STRATEGY/ MAACHOUK - TYRE, LEBANON / 2017 ROAD and/or minor signsof deterioration. majorpathwaysshowingare / roads the of 82% where state dilapidated a in are Theroad networks in neighbourhood the Community members reported a high a reported members • Community access direct no have buildings of • 18% only the is road main southern • The hlrn n edry de o h bad condition of pedestrian walkways. the to due elderly, and children among especially injuries, of number stairs andalleys. of network pedestrian a via accessible to a vehicular road network and are only road inagood condition. hr i a ih rqec o cr and car of frequency high a is • There is roads the of condition • The directly not are buildings the of • 31% motorcycle accidents. surface. turning radius, and poor quality of road exacerbated by the low width of streets, or similar. fire hydrants fire alternative forno and trucks access no thus and network road vehicle emergency an to linked 0 Figure 24 0 Figure 23

Stairs andalleys mapping. 100 Road condition mapping 25 200 50 N N © UN-Habitat (2017) UN-Habitat © INFRASTRUCTURE PERFORMANCE The measures used to determine infrastructure performance are the three broad dimensions of functionality, coverage and condition. These categories are evaluated based on a scoring criteria weighted to reflect their relative importance. The scoring criteria is the following: inadequate (0-0.49), poor (0.49-0.69), fair (0.69-0.79), good (0.79-0.89), and very good (0.89-1). Waste Water Storm Water Functionality: Proportion of streets Functionality: with functional Proportion of streets network with functional network

Coverage: Coverage: Proportion of Proportion of population population connected to connected to network network

Condition: Proportion of Condition: buildings with fair Proportion of day to good network with public electricity connection supply

Score Score

Potable Water Electricity Functionality: Functionality: Average number Proportion of buildings of hours for with fair to good water public electricity supply provision per day

Coverage: Proportion Coverage: of residents Proportion of connected to population connected public electricity to network supply (properly installed or with minor defects)

Condition: Condition: Proportion Proportion of the of buildings buildings with fair connected to to good network public electricity connection (properly installed or with minor defects) Score Score

Access & Mobility

Functionality: Proportion of buildings with emergency vehicle road access (fire truck, width of street/turn, and electricity cables) Very Poor (0-0.49) Functionality Coverage: Proportion of buildings Poor (0.5-0.69) Coverage with direct access to vehicular road network Fair (0.7-0.79) Condition

Condition: Good (0.8-0.89) Proportion of total road network in good condition Very Good (0.9-1)

Score

19 20 UN-Habitat Lebanon / Neighbourhood PROFILE & STRATEGY/ MAACHOUK - TYRE, LEBANON / 2017 strategy NeighboUrhood PA R T 2 .

©:UN-Habitat (2016)

21 22 UN-HABITAT LEBANON / NEIGHBOURHOOD PROFILE & STRATEGY/ MAACHOUK - TYRE, LEBANON / 2017 RTO’s development (I)NGOs, actors and otherwith stakeholders. coordinationAddressing the neighbourhood’s services also in pertains to building Sour Municipality/structures engagement neighbourhood creating through needs, local to attain to capacity Committee’sPopular its developing through enhanced be can Maachouk in provision Service GOVERNANCE Popular Committee office Community membersmeeting 7 financial, technical, andoperational capacities where enhanced planningcanhelpreduce costs for services. © UN-Habitat (2017) UN-Habitat © © UN-Habitat (2017) UN-Habitat © © UN-Habitat (2017) UN-Habitat © within Tyre caza. mandateofthe ofUnion the (UoM)Municipalities consiststhat of municipalities 60 byestablished been has persons, operatestechnicalunder and UN-Habitat2014 in 7 h Rgoa Tcncl fie ( Office Technical Regional The drs oelpig evc laiiis ewe Su ad uj El- Burj and Sour between liabilities service overlapping • Address un- bysurveying densification controlfurther Municipalityto the • Support a through fees services infrastructure sustaining for possibilities • Assess Neighbourhood the on based plan work a develop to RTO the • Leverage project on Municipality/RTO the for training building capacity • Conduct stresses, social and economic tackle to Municipality/UoM the • Support communication in and community the within role committee’s • Enhance • Address Popularthe Committee’s informal management by its enhancing the between coordination periodic and collaboration the • Support hml Mncplte b dfnn amnsrtv budre across boundaries administrative neighbourhoods. defining by Municipalities Chamali built landandmonitoring new construction. Municipality. and Committee Popular the with coordination in input, joint community implementation. the ensure with to all by required actions approach with priorities plan work on community, participatory a through stakeholders, international local/ and municipality the betweenagreement strategy.of an the Reach and steps of directionskey the realise sequence to timeframes and cost a with interdependencies specify will that 2017) (UN-Habitat Strategy to as so evaluation ensure itssustainability anddevelopment. and monitoring GIS, fundraising, writing, proposal social/ and social worker(s). a campaigns adding by etc.) bazar awareness campaigns, (e.g. events organising related economic and stresses, economic- and related social assess to capacity RTO’s the enhancing through composition representative taking into account a age andgender. promoting by stakeholders outside with and roles division. auditing) and monitoring (e.g. skills managerial structure, organisational a in needs neighbourhood address to complementary manner. etc.) PARD NRC, UNDP, (e.g. stakeholdersMunicipality/RTO Sourmobilise and to Committee Popular SHORT TERM RESPONSE RTO i Tr, opiig f oa eprs and experts local of comprising Tyre, in ) 12 months SOCIAL STABILITY

Maachouk neighbourhood is home to multiple nationalities, with 45% Palestinian refugees from Lebanon, 29% Lebanese nationals, 24% Syrian refugees and 2% Palestinian refugees from Syria (UN-Habitat 2016). The proposed community development process aims at reinforcing social stability, enabling access to livelihoods, empowering women and youth, protecting children, and mobilising the community to take collective action on - and generate solutions to - shared social and economic problems.

PROMOTE SOCIAL COHESION Enhance social integration and inclusion within the neighbourhood and its surroundings and promote the participation of people in social, cultural and political life.

DEVELOP LOCAL ECONOMY Promote livelihoods by sustaining existing local market and building entrepreneurial behaviour.

PROTECTIVE ENVIRONMENT FOR CHILDREN Address child protection issues and promote safe spaces.

EMPOWER WOMEN AND YOUTH Promote gender equality and empower the role of youth and women in society and economy.

23 Safety &security 24 Popular Committee

UN-HABITAT LEBANON / NEIGHBOURHOODSafety &security PROFILE & STRATEGY/ MAACHOUK - TYRE, LEBANON / 2017 & Football Field Community Centre 0 Open space of proposed project Gathering area adjacent to Popular Committee office SAFETY &SECURITY Figure 25Narrow streets &unlitareas Abandoned structure of proposed community centre communities within the neighbourhoodand with itssurroundings. host and refugees between dialogue through interaction social enhancing and spaces safe accessing age, and obstacles to social integration and inclusion, promoting participation in social life regardless of nationality, gender social and economic issues. The framework would encompass mechanisms to address physical and non-physical Municipality, Popular Committee and stakeholders to support sustainable social stability initiatives that address Sour between systemcollaborative a requires neighbourhood Maachouk securitywithin and Reinforcingsafety Narrow alleys area Unlit streets 125 Popular Committee 250 & Football Field Community Centre N 0 125 © UN-Habitat (2017) UN-Habitat © © UN-Habitat (2017) UN-Habitat © © UN-Habitat (2017) UN-Habitat © 250 0 N 125 250 N ri yuh lyae/prs oiies o aiiae eky activity weekly facilitate to mobilisers playmaker/sports youth • Train neighbourhood family-based the within cohesion social increase • Help condolences) (e.g. events private organise to means of lack • Address where streets accessible and safe for need the of awareness • Raise • Leverage the municipality to address security concerns related to drug and by highlighted specifically zones insecure to related issues • Address that system a establish to capacity Committee’s Popular the • Build from the neighbourhood in sportsmanship activities and mitigate tensions. programme (across cohorts) at the sports fields to activate kids and youth events, recreational/sports space. (e.g. activities awareness-raising campaigns oriented etc.) at the community centre or sports field family through cohorts, different targeting by gender andage groups (ongoing project by UN-Habitat). integration social reinforces and needs abandoned social/recreationaladdresses which the centre community the a Rehabilitate/expandbe ofto structure 25). north Figure land (see open neighbourhood abandoned the in football space and field/multipurpose centre community a establishing by gatherings social and and campaigns activities. community through happens females) (of harassment alcohol abuseclose to adjacent agricultural fields (i.e. Green Plan). Urban (see areas) unlit Upgrading section). alleys, narrow (e.g. tensions social or insecurity participatory approach. discussions)solutions througha stabilityand addresssocial challenges groups to focus (e.g. decision-making in involvement community enables SHORT TERM RESPONSE 12 months LIVELIHOODS Enabling livelihood opportunities is critical to mitigate increased vulnerabilities amongst the residents in Maachouk. Strengthening the local market includes sustaining existing market street and support entrepreneurship (including women and youth). Livelihood opportunities rely on creating income-generating opportunities within the area’s economy and agriculture as well as the neighbourhood’s proposed solid waste management plan.

SHORT TERM RESPONSE 12 months • Conduct an analysis focused on the capacities and employability of vulnerable youth, obstacles facing major sectors, market opportunities and 2,5km 2km recreational needs within the neighbourhood to derive context-sensitive

Tyre Old city 1,5km economic empowerment interventions. 1km 0,5km • Capitalise on design and management of small businesses trainings that 8 Maachouk UNDP has organized in the Gatherings of Tyre . Support consumer goods enterprises with retail best practices (marketing, food safety, quality control, accounting and technical skills) to maximise consumer experience and sales uplifts. • Promote urban agriculture at houses’ yards (hawakeer) as an alternative to purchasing food. Following a planting training, initiate a distribution plan for edible seed/seedling to designated houses. Harvest can be used for a household’s local use (i.e. cost efficiency) or local/regional market selling (i.e. income generation).

Figure 26 MetropolitanN Tyre Land use 0 500 1000 • Develop a support system for renewable energy provision for workshops not Tyre Urban Area Industrial Agricultural Harbor able to operate due to electricity cuts and high generator prices. Commercial Tyre Old city Planned Beirut/Sour highway extension MID TERM RESPONSE 2 years • Establish a value chain project on proposed solid waste management plan (see Figure 27). The project would in the first phase promote sorting waste by source at home by introducing wheelies for organic and recyclables at every other area (see Solid Waste Management section). In parallel, establish a sorting/composting facility at the community space project north Maachouk (see Figure 32 and 47) which can be a source of income to workers (and craftswomen) and generate revenue to be used by Popular Committee for sustaining infrastructure services. The facility can captialise on solid waste generated by the neighbourhood and neighbouring areas as well. Furthermore it would help reduce Maachouk’s waste transportation cost and daily waste of 3.5 tons sent to Ain Baal sorting centre. In addition to profiting from the 55% organic and 35% recyclable waste as follows: Composting organic waste at the facility to be sold to farmers. Selling recyclable waste to recycling suppliers as stacks or up-cycling it to crafts (to be sold or exhibited at the community centre). • In line with the economic development plan of the Strategic Sustainable Regional Development Plan for the Caza Of Tyre9, several livelihood opportunities arise for Maachouk inhabitants in the city pertaining to: − The large exploitations of banana plantations, where owners contract to lease the parcel (planting, tending, harvesting etc.), as well as banana fermenting plants. − Citrus has been reported to comprise 25% of the agricultural land in Tyre; however, 20% of its harvest is wasted annually (neither exported nor consumed nationally). Hence small-scale business or household-based food processing opportunities can be seized from the surplus yield. − trees comprise 38% of Tyre’s agricultural land, yet the olive/olive Courtyards adjacent to buildings

8 UNDP Quarterly Briefing – Issue 8 9 CRI - Habib Debs – ECODIT - IAURIF (2015), Sustainable Regional Development N 0 500 1000 Plan for the Caza of Tyre

25 26 UN-HABITAT LEBANON / NEIGHBOURHOOD PROFILE & STRATEGY/ MAACHOUK - TYRE, LEBANON / 2017 A PROTECTIVE ENVIRONMENT FOR CHILDREN Floor game Figure 27Value chainbasedonsolid waste management proposed plan Urban agriculture HOUSEHOLD a protective environment for children of Maachouk. child protection issues such as labour, dropping out of school, exploitation, violence, and abuse is key to creating Empoweringkeyengaging addressaddition familiestovulnerable to police,in municipalityfromactors and the High poverty and social stability concerns within the neighbourhood can possibly generate child protection risks. WASTE ORGANIC WASTE RECYCLABLE © UN-Habitat (2017) UN-Habitat © WASTE COMPOSTING HOUSEHOLD • Support NRC’s children trips to surrounding areas given the lack of amenity of (subjects programme support learning after-school NRC’s • Support • Addresschildren’s difficulty walking middle/secondaryto UNRWA/public community and/or activities school campaigns, door-to-door • Conduct child for advocacy ensure to municipality/RTO the of capacity • Build • Assess threats to the safety of children’s environments by further studying spaces within the neighbourhood. its sustain programme. to school UNRWA Maachouk’s at Math) and English, of providing abus for taking the children from/to the neighbourhood. possibility the studyjourney.Alternatively, pedestrian safe children’s the hinder which sidewalks or roads the rehabilitatingby forth and back walk averageof2km an at neighbourhood the outside areof which all schools, puppet show production, parent-child events at the community centre). labour, best practices and rights of the child (e.g. movie-making workshop, events for caregivers/educators to raise awareness on child education and Popular the between for childprotection principles. collaboration the DevelopmentSocial and CommitteeCentrethe (SDC)ensureadvocacy to strengthen and protection within Maachouk andsurrounding area. education) & (health services social to access and well-being social their COMPOSTING − Animal farming in the caza (506 small scale farms) is an undersized an is farms) scale small (506 caza the in farming Animal − Tobacco’sfamily-providestypically− labour-intensiveagriculture highly SHORT TERM RESPONSE IMMEDIATE RESPONSE FACILITY potential grazing areas in the caza’s southernpart. meet lands/the investmentvastin prospectsproduct. highlights report The and diary for demands domestic meet doesn’t which industry based jobopportunities with guaranteed income. (common and salesrelated strategywork opportunities. marketing its on lag packaging, labelling and distribution) which suggests various to packaging reported was sector oil AGRICULTURE URBAN (farming) SALES REVENUE SORTING FACILITY 6 months 12 months SUPPLIERS WASTE RECYCLING CRAFTS UPCYCLING REVENUE SALES MID TERM RESPONSE 2 years

4 • Tackle children’s common activity of spending leisure time playing in narrow allies by creating safe public spaces: - Utilise the community centre for children related activities (e.g. storytelling, 3 5 summer camps, crafts making, sport initiatives, music choir etc.) (See Figure 32) 1 - Organise recreational activities by (I)NGOs at UNRWA school playground 6 0,5km in afternoons/weekends 1 1km - Organise sport competitions/tournaments at the proposed football field 2 2 project 3 - Create pocket playgrounds with alternative uses for horizontal and vertical 4 surfaces, located at left-over spaces within allies (e.g. floor-marked 5 themed games) 6 Figure 28 Nearby public and UNRWA schools Tantoura school (UNRWA) Sour public secondary school N 1 4 0 500 1000 2 Burj El-Chamali school 5 Al Chajra school (UNRWA) 3 Al Masaken public school 6 Deir Yassine (UNRWA)

N 0 0.5 1km

WOMEN EMPOWERMENT The empowerment of women and girls in Maachouk lies in addressing key challenges they face such as illiteracy, limited access to the job market, participation in decision making, and their personal safety and security in public spaces appropriated by males.

IMMEDIATE RESPONSE 6 months • Strengthen women’s decision making by ensuring their representation within Popular Committee acting in Maachouk. • Leverage the RTO to capitalise on women empowerment trainings on neighbourhood problem identification and solutions previously conducted by PARD. Integrate gender equality through establishing and implementing monitoring of women protection issues in collaboration with the municipality and interested stakeholders. SHORT TERM RESPONSE 12 months • Promote attitudes and practices which are empowering and protective of women through conducting capacity building trainings and awareness- raising sessions at the community centre. (See Figure 32) © UN-Habitat (2017) © UN-Habitat (2017) • Promote livelihood opportunities for women (e.g. food processing) by training women at the community centre on storage, processing, marketing and distribution of food in accordance with consumer/market needs. Create an agriculture cooperative (taawneye) to facilitate efficient post-harvesting, production, branding and distribution and ensure profit making and sustainability. MID TERM RESPONSE 2 years • Support and sustain PARD’s previously delivered programme for female literacy at Maachouk. • Support skilled women to exhibit/sell their up-cycling crafts, artisan work and organic products etc. in a local market at the football field/community Recycling crafts Food processing centre or at regional markets.

27 28 UN-HABITAT LEBANON / NEIGHBOURHOOD PROFILE & STRATEGY/ MAACHOUK - TYRE, LEBANON / 2017 YOUTH EMPOWERMENT Proposed Football Field Open landcurrent status Community centre levels, through addressing their skillsdevelopment, access to resources, criticalawareness, andleadershipskills. males as change agents by enabling their civic, economic and social participation at individual and organisational during focus groups meetings, to be common and visible. This strategy promotes addressing young females and stated, abuse wasalcohol and drug addition, In opportunities. job on competitionscarcitygiven and Maachouk in reported are learning education higher and school of completion low with youth unemployed of rates High © UN-Habitat (2017) UN-Habitat © © UN-Habitat (2017) UN-Habitat © © UN-Habitat (2017) UN-Habitat © © UN-Habitat (2017) UN-Habitat © © UN-Habitat (2017) UN-Habitat © games. night for projectors light and stadiums, turf, artificial installing of comprises funding) lining and goals and mobile benches installation. The project’s second phase (pending 10 otr ot iiitvs uh s prs oraet fr oa yuh to youth local for tournaments sports as such initiatives youth • Foster co- promoting stability, social strengthening for mechanisms • Establish • Strengthen Social Development Centre to develop out-reach programmes to 15-25 aged youth elected of comprising council youth a • Establish Assess and support the capacity of the Social Development Centers to Centers Development Social the of capacity the support and • Assess delinquency juvenile and abuse alcohol and drug existing • Address Capitalise on NRC’s vocational training for youth conducted in Maachouk in conductedfor youth training vocationalNRC’s on • Capitalise Football field project first phase comprises of ensuring field’s ground compacting, ground field’s ensuring of comprises phase first project field Football engage in sportsmanship at the football field project field football the at sportsmanship in engage youth workshops, choir etc.) at the community centre. (See Figure 29 to 32) or therapy club drama music workshops/events, art (e.g. competition, entrepreneurs’ activities building training peace youth and Organise problem-solving, successful interaction. citizenship, engaged on initiatives or social events enhancing and existence tournaments etc.). services, organise substance abuse school awareness campaigns or sports local of out roll programmes (e.g. collaborate and with the developmentyouth council to sustain basic the urban in participation youth include to local authoritiesandorganisations. represent the views of young people in their area to the Popular Committee, address andrespond to drugabuseinMaachouk neighbourhood. processes isalsoimportant to achieving sustainabledevelopment. The society. prevention development and decision-making within participatory in youthof involvement and role active intervention youth’s highlighting early and programmes, with collaborations promoting by training. vocational seeking youth local and artisans local between opportunities apprentice Establish framework. economic sustainable a within trainings replicatingthe and opportunities, livelihoodgenerated on byup following March 2017). competitionscoachsport manage(piloted and by GAMEUN-Habitatin & Habitat). Train female and male youth to be playmakers by which they can MID TERM RESPONSE SHORT TERM RESPONSE 2 years 12 months 10 (on going by UN- by going (on Community Centre & Football Field

Popular Committee

© UN-Habitat (2017) N BaseFigure Map 29 Proposed location for Community0 125 Centre250 and Project illustration football field N 0 125 250

Stadium

Gardening lot (250 m2)

Sport eld Sport eld 2800sqm Community centre 2800sqm (150 m2)

Running track

N 0 10 Figure20 30 Proposed space programme (phase 1) Children outdoor Figure 31 Potential space programme (phase 2) learning area N 0 10 20 (100 m2)

CHILDREN COMMUNAL ADMINISTRATION ADMINISTRATION ADMINISTRATION OFFICE AREA OFFICE HALL OFFICE

LECTURE CHILDREN PUBLIC EVENTS ROOM AREA

WORKSHOP & TRAINING AREA

ADMINISTRATION WORKSHOP OFFICE & TRAINING AREA

PUBLIC EVENTS

STORAGE KITCHEN STORAGE KITCHEN STORAGE KITCHEN

removable walls removable walls

existing structure existing structure existing structure

Scheme 1 Scheme 2 Scheme 3

STORAGE KITCHEN Figure 32 Community Centre multi-purpose space use

Accesses existingExisting structure

N 0 5

29 30 UN-HABITAT LEBANON / NEIGHBOURHOOD PROFILE & STRATEGY/ MAACHOUK - TYRE, LEBANON / 2017 enhance publichealth. w Upgrade/separate/extend waste andstorm WATER MANAGEMENT IMPROVE WASTE URBAN UPGRADING a highdevelopment potential that will have major implications for Maachouk and the region asa whole. neighbourhood the give will expropriated.This area industrial the of parts with Maachouk of side eastern The planned extension of the main highway from Beirut to Tyre/South (See Figure 26) will pass through the and introducing renewable energy solutions. enhance solid to wastepotential management underutilised through an recycling, is and there mitigate yet dumping condition, in critical the peripheries in of be the to neighbourhood, found not are management Solid 1), Wasteyetfurtherrecommended.interventions(zoneareElectricity areaand hill pedestrian the in conditions hindering the residents’ accessibility. UN-Habitat poorhas initiated in improvementare of- some 1 staircasesconditions zone in also road – Moreover,alleys and stairways and . cracking, and UNDPsettling asphalt bywith deteriorated are project upgrading recent a after distributed well is water Potable network. sewage the to buildings connecting and collection stormwater for design integrated low-cost a in the zones 1 and 3. The waste- and stormwater networks The needs building conditions assessment revealedattention, need for immediate especiallyin depth assessments and interventions in zone 1, by promoting community andother stakeholders. authorities, local by efforts joint throughmanner, integrated an in conditions living improveurban and services basic and environment built the of deterioration mitigate to aims upgrading urban proposed The ( ) ( ) which directlywhich directly benefit benefit fromfrom the interventionsthe interventions andestimated andestimated project project costs costs (US (USD ). Projects mentioned are detailed in terms of number of buildings impacted ( ), number of residents and beneficiaries ater networks to mitigate flooding and its disposalandresolve informal dumpingsite Meet solid waste collection needs,systematise WASTE MANAGEMENT PROMOTE SOLID building connections to infrastructure services. SERVICES Enhance buildingstructural condition andimprove & CONDITION ENHANCE BUILDING D vity to itssurrounding. by connecti its accessibilityand sidewalks, and roads addressing neighbourhood’s the Enhance FA ). CILITATE siiiy sft and safety accessibility, streets for nuities Improve electricity networks and supply conti MANAGEMENT ADDRESS ELECTRICITY security. CIRC ULA TION - - HOUSING As mentioned in the profile section of this report, Maachouk’s residential areas are composed of one to three storey buildings, where 66% were built mostly between 1944 and 1975. Following the Palestinian refugee displacement and the recent influx of refugees from Syria, the fluctuation triggered the development of poor quality housing conditions and a maintenance unaffordability. Most buildings in Maachouk are at risk of collapse during an earthquake due to the fact that they were built using substandard construction methods with inadequate structural support. Buildings in zones 1 and 3 are evidently damaged and need major repairs. On average, 25% of the buildings constitute visible structural problems that fall within substandard and critical repairs. Buildings in Zone 2 show subsidiary structural damage and slight exterior conditions that need minor repairs. Lastly, common building areas are mainly in good conditions and well maintained and mostly only entail routine maintenance or minor repair, mainly related to entrance gates (88%) and lighting fixtures (90%).

BUILDING STRUCTURAL CONDITIONS Structural supporting elements I Beams I Columns IMMEDIATE RESPONSE 6 months • Structurally reinforce failed or severely damaged elements (foundations, columns, load -bearing walls, beams or slabs). 27 294 • Establish a mechanism between the municipality, RTO technical teams and the Popular Committee to monitor structural problems of buildings, liaise with private owners and follow up on critical hazards. SHORT TERM RESPONSE 12 months • Structurally stabilize signs of distress and correct by reinforcing cracks, leaks and visible water penetrations 75 637 impacting vulnerable households.

Figure 33 Building structural conditions (phased response) N Structural Condition 0 125 250 MID TERM RESPONSE 2 years Severe structural problems Substandard structural conditions • Perform patch and repair on all minor cracks and Fair structural conditions potential areas for water penetration impacting vulnerable 172 1347 households.

EXTERIOR BUILDING CONDITIONS Exterior walls I Roof I Windows I Balconies IMMEDIATE RESPONSE 6 months • Repair severely damaged leaking roofs, walls and balconies with extensive failure and/or deflection. • Repair/replace dilapidated windows and doors, and 18 192 unstable fixed features (balustrade, handrails). Install doors/windows when it is missing. SHORT TERM RESPONSE 12 months • Repair parts/assemblies of roofs, walls and balconies that have started to fail due to infiltration of water and are showing visible signs of deterioration. • Repair/replace windows and/or doors experiencing 80 694 N problem of operations and water intrusion. ExteriorFigure Building 34 Building Condition exterior conditions (phased0 response)125 250 Dilapidated exterior conditions Substandard exterior conditions • Repair unstable fixed features (balustrade, handrails). Fair exterior conditions

N 0 125 250

31 32

UN-HABITAT LEBANON / NEIGHBOURHOOD PROFILECommunal Spaces & STRATEGY/ MAACHOUK - TYRE, LEBANON / 2017 Means of ExitIEntrances ILighting IProvisions for people with disabilities COMMON BUILDING AREAS WET UTILITIES Figure 35Communal spaces conditions (phased response) Potable water network has recently been upgraded by UNDP, as it is registered 95% of good quality pipes anddevoidgood of leakages.of 95% registered is it UNDP,as by upgraded been recently has network water Potable aids with enhancing the street’s accessibility and livelihood activity. networks it. buildings to its Thisconnectin improveall turn and help and will health neighbourhood’spublic the stormwater and wastewater its enhance to needs neighbourhood Maachouk’s Irrevocably, network malfunctioningespecially in the central and west partof the neighbourhood(Zones 1,2&3). the buildings.Moreover, Maachouk’s sewage network ispartly blocked andoverloaded with 34% of the ofby91% streetexacerbated byofstormwaterfurther dischargethe is to This 1. ofZonebottom-edge the at especially and rainfall heavy during ponding watersevere causing drainage, of mean otherany or gullies lacking streets the of 72% with network, stormwater functional no is therelevel, street a On and stormwater networks, mainly located in wastewaterthe historical congested built-uphill(Zone 1). the to connected not defects, serious with buildings in live residents Maachouk’s of 35% structures. maintained, which significantly affects resident’s health. This further poses stress on building and road degree limited a to and overloaded combined, are networks stormwater and wastewaterMaachouk’s Gates with minor defects Gates with major defects Non existent or damaged gates © UN-Habitat (2017) UN-Habitat © 0 125 250 N sals bidn mitnne omtes ht can that committees maintenance building • Establish • Coordinate with buildingowners to: common areas. building of maintenance routine and repair minor ensure IMMEDIATE RESPONSE SHORT TERM RESPONSE - Install or repair lighting fixtures at the entrances and in and entrances the at fixtures lighting repairor Install - Installor repair entrance gates. - staircases blocking impediments physical all Remove - staircases (preferably usesolar lighting). and exit gates © UN-Habitat (2017) UN-Habitat © 6 months 12 months © UN-Habitat (2017) UN-Habitat © 43 463 BUILDING CONNECTION TO POTABLE WATER SUPPLY IMMEDIATE RESPONSE 6 months

• Connect buildings to potable water supply network for 15 79 20,000$ domestic use. • Address water treatment by implementing a filtration and chlorination unit and replace metal pipes by non-corrosive plastic ones. (Currently being implemented by UNDP & UN-Habitat). SHORT TERM RESPONSE 12 months

• Repair or replace potable water building pipes in end of life 4 54 2,711$ cycle or with major leakages. MID TERM RESPONSE 2 years

Figure 36 Building connections to the potable water supply N Domestic Water Supply 0 125 250 • Establish a maintenance committee to ensure minor repair (phased response) and routine maintenance on building pipes. Not connected Connected with minor defects N Domestic Water Supply UNDP & UN-H0 filtration125 250& chlorination unit

WASTEWATER & STORMWATER NETWORK IMMEDIATE RESPONSE 6 months • Upgrade wastewater network in the flooding area and 1171 100,000 separate it from the stormwater network. • Conduct hygiene awareness-raising in the community and schools. Z1 SHORT TERM RESPONSE 12 months Z3Z3 • Upgrade wastewater network in the central area of the 1171 100,000 Z1 neighbourhood (Zone 1). Z3 Z1 • Upgrade stormwater network on main roads by promoting Z3 Z2 integrated design and greenery for a passive rainwater Z2 harvesting : Z2Figure 37 Stormwater and wastewater networks response plan • Increase porous pavement for roads of low traffic and Network Conditions N 0 125 250 Network Conditions Flooding area N pedestrian stairways to reduce volume of runoff. (See 0 125 250 Network area to be upgraded Access & Mobility section) Network Conditions N 0 125 250 • Establish a network of stormwater planters, bioswales, Potential site for retention pond and rain gardens leading to a retention pond to mitigate runoff in the streets. (See Figure 37) MID TERM RESPONSE 2 years • Upgrade wastewater network on the Eastern side and the 529 80,000 South of the neighbourhood (Zone 3 & Zone 2).

• Upgrade the principal line of the neighbourhood located on 3,800 300,000 the main road leading to Tyre. • Initiate a pilot for rainwater collection from the roofs to reduce the volume of runoff and use it for irrigation. • Develop maintenance plan with the Municipality, the Popular Committee.

Figure 38 UN-Habitat wastewater network upgrading project Sewer lines to be upgraded by UN-Habitat N UN-HABITAT Intervention 0 50 100

N N UN-HABITAT Intervention 0 50 100 0 50 100

33 34

Stormwater UN-HABITAT LEBANON / NEIGHBOURHOOD PROFILE & STRATEGY/ MAACHOUK - TYRE, LEBANON / 2017 Wastewater Figure 41 Stormwater planters (phased response) Figure 40Building connections to stormwater network (phased response) Figure 39Building connections to wastewater network BUILDING CONNECTIONS BUILDING CONNECTIONS TO WASTEWATER NETWORK 1 5 4 3 2 retention pond Pipes leading to the Manhole Curb andgutter Slope andcurtcut Plants with deep roots that absorb the runoff and pollutants. Functional Connected with minor defects Connected with seriousdefects Not connected Functional Connected with minor defects Connected with serious defects Not connected 0 0 125 125 TO STORMWATER NETWORK 250 250 N N nlg lce pubn sse i bidns ht are that buildings in system plumbing blocked • Unclog ofbuildings • Connect households to vulnerablewastewater oriae n tan ulig wes & building (& owners building train and • Coordinate plumbing wastewater to maintenance routine • Perform the within discharge and flood that blockages all • Address the to buildings the connect and tanks septic all • Remove leakage major with system plumbing wastewater • Repair sals a ehns bten h mncplt’ RTO municipality’s the between mechanism a • Establish on discharge mitigate and network the to pipes • Connect • Repair installed, yet leakingstormwater pipes. drs sre dshre n cnet t eprrl to temporarily it connect and discharge street • Address • Install stormwater pipes in buildings where water is leaking discharging to streets. network . to the plumbingsystem. maintenance committees) to perform routine maintenance external on and/orwalls andconnected to network. internally installed is which system streets. wastewater network. problems. n te oua Cmite o otne sesn and assessing monitoring storm/wastewater continue network emerging issues. to Committee Popular the and street. existing underground networks. on external walls andpenetrates inside. IMMEDIATE RESPONSE IMMEDIATE RESPONSE MID TERM RESPONSE SHORT TERM RESPONSE LONG TERM RESPONSE MID TERM RESPONSE SHORT TERM RESPONSE © UN-Habitat (2017) UN-Habitat © 2 years 2 years 6 months 6 months 4 years Stormwater planters 12 months 12 months 160 1186 33,500$ 13 1195,600$ 168 117142,000 25 25020,000 31 2795,000 ELECTRICITY MANAGEMENT The tangled power grid in Maachouk faces various challenges in terms of its illegal connections, haphazard wiring and polluting private generators, all of which impact the safety and security of the neighbourhood’s residents. The improvement of Maachouk’s electricity management is achieved through addressing the safety of wire arrangements, while avoiding immediate or foreseen dilapidation; and lastly through reducing the dependency on generators by promoting the use of renewable energy to increase hours of reliable energy, reduce energy costs, improve safety by lighting-up the neighbourhood when public power supply is down.

STREET ELECTRICITY IMMEDIATE RESPONSE 6 months • Rehabilitate/rearrange and repair electric connections (tangled wires, deflected poles etc.) which are dangerous to residents and pedestrians and/or not connected to the network. • Take measures to address air and noise pollution from private generators (eg filters, silencers for generators, Z4 alternative energy etc.) • Enhance safety through instalment of light fixtures in unlit Z4 495 1,600$/fix Z4Z2Z4 streets, preferably with solar lighting. (See Figure 42) Z4 SHORT TERM RESPONSE 12 months Z2Z2 N • Address safety measures pertaining to electric wires Z2ElectricityFigure Management42 Electricity management (phased 0response)125 250 that are installed externally with limited safety or Z2 N N Electricity Management Unlit0 areas125 250 Electricity Management 0 125 250 weatherproofing measures by planning a rewiring scheme N Electricity Management Tangled0 over-head125 wires250 N and implementation plan in coordination with stakeholders Electricity Management Private0 generator125 250 Electric hazard (local committee, private generators, internet providers & municipality) in collaboration with MOEW & EDL. • Address power connections with serious defects, in collaboration with MOEW & EDL by establishing a follow- up mechanism with the municipality / RTO and the Popular Committee. MID TERM RESPONSE 2 years • Support the Popular Committee in raising awareness on the benefits and local potential for renewable energy.

BUILDING CONNECTION TO PUBLIC/PRIVATE ELECTRICITY IMMEDIATE RESPONSE 6 months • Connect buildings to the electric grid. • Replace wire connections which are dangerous to building 13 119 31,200$ residents and remove unconnected wires. SHORT TERM RESPONSE 12 months • Rearrange and repair electric wire connections with limited safety measures and weatherproofing. 160 1186 144,000$

MID TERM RESPONSE 2 years • Initiate a pilot for solar power panels on the rooftop of a public institution/social service building to reduce the 11 Figure 43 Building connections to electricity (phased response)N dependency on generators . Power & Electricity 0 125 250 Not connected Connected with serious defects Connected with minor defects

N 0 125 250 11 UNDP is currently implementing a solar panels project to supply water pumps.

35 Roads conditionsRoads conditionsRoads 0 36 UN-HABITAT LEBANON / NEIGHBOURHOOD PROFILE & STRATEGY/ MAACHOUK - TYRE, LEBANON / 2017 Roads conditionsRoads Primary roads andgatesPrimary Figure 45Stairs conditions andongoing projects A Figure 46 Figure 44Road condition (phased response) 50 conditions of internal roads, alleys andstairways. The proposed interventions to improve access andmobility within Maachouk, includes:addressing the especially elderly andchildren. residents, amongst safety the affecting etc.) rails hand missing surface, in cracks step-heights, varied buildings (mainly in zone 1) are only accessible by poorly maintained stairways and alleys (narrow alleys, As mentioned in the profile section, 82% of the roads are in a bad or medium condition, while 18% of the streets and footpaths are inapoor state, especially inzone 1,hinderingsafety, andaccessibility. connection with the centre of Tyre through Maachoukthe is easily accessiblemain and well road.connected to neighbouring areas. However,It is characterised by its direct , within the neighbourhood, branching CCESSIB Primary roads Main entrances to Maachouk Deteriorated stairways andalleys UN-Habitat stairsreconfiguration project Connection to Tyre/Burj El-Chamali Roads with minor signsof deterioration Deteriorated roads Primary roads and main gates of Maachouk 100 N 0 0 ILITY &MO 125 125 0 0 250 250 125 125 N N 250 250 N N Proposed intervention nac Mahu’ acsiiiy y ieig h acs pit where points access the widening by accessibility Maachouk’s • Enhance • Enhance safety through installment of light fixtures in unlit streets (Zone 2 & • Rehabilitate alleys andstairways with signsof deterioration: • Start a street rehabilitation and maintenance program for roads with signs of B possible. Zone 4), preferably with solar lighting. deterioration (cracks inasphalt,potholes, water pondsetc. Isal adal i mi aly ad tiwy t fcltt acs for access facilitate to stairways and alleys main in handrails Install - -Rearranging andunifyingsteps height (maximum 20cm). SHORT TERM RESPONSE IMMEDIATE RESPONSE elderly andchildren. ILITY © UN-Habitat (2017) UN-Habitat © © UN-Habitat (2017) UN-Habitat © 6 months 12 months © UN-Habitat (2017) UN-Habitat © SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT Capitalizing on the existing collection system, solid waste management would be addressed by systematizing disposal, raising awareness about sustainable waste solutions and supporting local service providers by building up their capacities. The proposed interventions to improve solid waste management is to raise awareness of inhabitants through education and leadership; and to provide better facilities for garbage collection, disposal and recycling. These interventions would enhance the social stability by enhancing public health and livelihood.

DS IMMEDIATE RESPONSE 6 months DS • Provide a wheelie bin (240L) to each building of the neighbourhood to facilitate the collection system and 40$/Wheelie prevent on street disposal. • Review the current garbage collection system to consider DS all part of the neighbourhood. (See Figure 47) • Clean and rehabilitate the two informal dumping sites in collaboration with RTO / Tyre Union of Municipalities. DS DS • Conduct an awareness-raising campaign in the community to reduce, sort and recycle waste produced by individual DS households. SHORT TERM RESPONSE 12 months SolidFigure Waste 47 Management Solid waste management failures N 0 125 250 • Upgrade the collection system through a well-defined Ineffective garbageN collection system Solid Waste Management 0 125 250 N Solid Waste Management 0 125 250 On street disposal schedule, in coordination with a local service provider. DS Uncontrolled dumping site • Initiate a waste sorting process within Maachouk by providing sorting bins at strategic locations within the neighbourhood and establishing a sorting centre where waste is further sorted and processed before being transported to nearby recycling facilities. 12

MID TERM RESPONSE 2 years © UN-Habitat (2017) • Coordinate with Tyre Municipality to develop a waste sorting management plan and establishing a recycling centre to collect sorted waste. • Initiate a sustainable organic waste collection by establishing a compost site next to the sorting centre. Make use of the compost for: • urban agriculture (backyards, gardens, rooftops) • distributing/selling it to farmers 12 © UN-Habitat (2017) Food composting

N 0 125 250 12 For economic and social profits refer to Social Stability section. (See Figure 27)

37 38 UN-HABITAT LEBANON / NEIGHBOURHOOD PROFILE & STRATEGY/ MAACHOUK - TYRE, LEBANON / 2017 Figure 48Main upgrading strategies inMaachouk areas the affecting downhill from the ‘village’. inadvertently is with The lack of networks in the central village coupled conditions. poor in pathways connecting networks stormwater buildings/ and sewerage of to connected majority not streets the with out, stands evidently areas. village hill central notional The four into analogously typological zoning, Maachouk subdivides varied the and been networks infrastructure to connections has buildings’ the mapping provision When influx. recent this by exacerbated service Poor Syrian a quarter of and the population. up Lebanese making now latter the with refugees, include now the Residents housing. cost low to of provision due residents of growth a seen past to decades and significantly since 2011, established overthe has refugees, Palestinian house originally Maachouk, CONCLU 0 Sewage linesrehabilitation Stormwater management andmitigation Filtration &chlorination unit Proposed retention pond 50 100 N N SIO Zone 3 (West) Community centre & football eld Zone 1 Zone 2 ye n eswee a wl hinders well as access to other socialservices. elsewhere, and Tyre central in of education and livelihoods for unaffordability opportunities both limits transportation The population. day day-to-jobs amongst a larger on neighbourhood competition increased and limited access to livelihood opportunities, to due challenges socio-economic rising Thirdly, children. and women residents especially the for spaces public safe of absence the and conditions, road poor population, diverse enforcement, law of safety and security exacerbated poorby the shortage Secondly, circulation. and with stormwater,ofwastewater management the notably housing services, infrastructure the of quality capacity and conditions inadequate poor First, the of needs exerting basic inhabitants inMaachouk; the factors on key pressure three are there that reveals analysis the Furthermore, Street lighting improvement Stairways rehabilitation Main access points improvement Primary roads rehabilitation Zone 3 (East) Zone 4 development. socio-economic and accessibility health, 48) public the security, and to safety Figure of related concerns agendas (See advance can upgrading Urban upgrading and community development. urban between interfaces 49 key Figuresuggests integrated framework. spatial a within objectives multi-sectoral promotes approach neighbourhood The an optimally phasedmanner. in vulnerabilities alleviating in response and can indeed generate a local authority which can municipality,be used to and inform interventions community local the by endorsed baseline, knowledge new a social and physical challenges. This offers relative the criticality across space identified of these interlinked has profile This Planned Beirut/Sour highway extension and a football field Proposed location of acommunity centre Proposed location for composting facility 0 50 100 N INTEGRATED APPROACH promotes impacts URBAN UPGRADING OBJECTIVE COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT

BUILDING CONDITIONS SOICAL STABILITY Basic urban services Safe shelters Structural conditions Safe common spaces Safe inclusive spaces SAFETY & SW & WW MANAGEMENT SECURITY Upgrade network LIVELIHOOD Connections to all building Customers experience Entreprises activity

ELECTICITY MANAGEMENT PUBLIC HEALTH Light unlit areas CHILDREN ENVIRONMENT Improve network conditions Safe spaces Ensure child protection ACCESSIBILITY CIRCULATION Rehabilitate roads and GENDER EQUALITY sidewalks Visible role of women in the society New economic opportunities ECONOMY Ensure safe spaces DEVELOPMENT SOLID WASTE Proper dumping site YOUTH EMPOWERMENT Upgrade waste collection Promote skills development system Social participation

Figure 49 Inter-linkages between urban upgrading interventions and community development responses

© UN-Habitat (2017) © UN-Habitat (2017) Funded by Partners

Funded by Partner