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Pemberontakan Seleka Di Republik Afrika Tengah Seleka Rebellion in Central African Republic

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Pemberontakan Seleka Di Republik Afrika Tengah Seleka Rebellion in Central African Republic Digital Repository Universitas Jember PEMBERONTAKAN SELEKA DI REPUBLIK AFRIKA TENGAH SELEKA REBELLION IN CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC SKRIPSI diajukan guna melengkapi tugas akhir dan memenuhi salah satu syarat untuk menyelesaikan studi pada Program Studi Ilmu Hubungan Internasional (S1) dan mencapai gelar Sarjana Sosial Oleh ROZI RASTAFANI NIM 090910101004 JURUSAN HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK UNIVERSITAS JEMBER 2015 i Digital Repository Universitas Jember PERSEMBAHAN Skripsi ini saya persembahkan untuk: 1. Kedua orang tua saya tercinta, Ayahanda Suhartono, dan Ibunda Ainiyatur Rosidah, yang tidak pernah lelah memberi kasih sayang, doa yang tulus, pengorbanan yang tidak ternilai harganya, dorongan semangat yang sangat besar, dan kesabaran yang tiada henti-hentinya; 2. Adik-adik saya, Syarifah Aini dan Luaily Shabarina, yang telah memberikan kehangatan dalam keluarga; 3. Guru-guru saya sejak taman kanak-kanak sampai dengan perguruan tinggi; 4. Almamater saya, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Jember. ii Digital Repository Universitas Jember MOTTO Don’t walk behind me, i may not lead. Don’t walk in front of me, i may not follow. Just walk beside me and be my friend.- Albert Camus1 1 Albert Camus.1988. Between Hell and Reason: Essays from the Resistance Newspaper Combat. French:Wesleyan University Press. iii Digital Repository Universitas Jember PERNYATAAN Saya yang bertandatangan di bawah ini: Nama : Rozi Rastafani NIM : 090910101004 menyatakan dengan sesungguhnya bahwa karya tulis ilmiah yang berjudul: Pemberontakan Seleka di Republik Afrika Tengah adalah hasil karya sendiri, kecuali kutipan yang sudah saya sebutkan sumbernya, belum pernah diajukan pada institusi manapun. Saya bertanggungjawab atas keabsahan dan kebenaran isinya sesuai dengan sikap ilmiah yang harus dijunjung tinggi. Demikian pernyataan ini saya buat dengan sebenarnya, tanpa ada tekanan dan paksaan dari pihak manapun serta bersedia mendapat sanksi akademik jika ternyata di kemudian hari pernyataan ini tidak benar. Jember, 30 April 2015 Rozi Rastafani NIM 090910101004 iv Digital Repository Universitas Jember SKRIPSI PEMBERONTAKAN SELEKA DI REPUBLIK AFRIKA TENGAH SELEKA REBELLION IN CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC Oleh ROZI RASTAFANI NIM 090910101004 Pembimbing Dosen Pembimbing Utama : Drs. Sugiyanto Eddie Kusuma, MA.PhD Dosen Pembimbing Anggota : Dra. Sri Yuniati, M.Si. v Digital Repository Universitas Jember PENGESAHAN vi Digital Repository Universitas Jember RINGKASAN Pemberontakan Seleka di Republik Afrika Tengah: Rozi Rastafani, 090910101004; 2015; 74 halaman; Jurusan Ilmu Hubungan Internasional Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Jember. Republik Afrika Tengah adalah negara yang sebagian besar wilayahnya merupakan tanah yang kering. Negara ini tidak pernah lepas dari konflik sejak kemerdekaannya dari Perancis pada tahun 1960. Sejak kemerdekaan pertama dan 6 Presiden yang memimpin Republik Afrika Tengah, terus mengalami konflik dan kudeta. Setiap periode pemerintahan di Republik Afrika Tengah selalu dikudeta oleh militernya sendiri. Lemahnya negara dan tidak adanya peran pemerintah di wilayah utara membuat mudahnya akses masuk perbatasan ke Republik Afrika Tengah. Sehingga menyebabkan senjata dan pemberontak dari negara luar mudah masuk. Pembangunan di wilayah utara tidak merata, di sebagian wilayah tersebut fasilitas masih tertinggal jauh dibandingkan di pusat ibukota Bangui. Hal ini menyebabkan pemberontak kecewa dan melakukan kudeta terhadap rezim Bozize. Penulisan skripsi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor terjadinya pemberontakan Seleka di Republik Afrika Tengah. Metode yang digunakan penulis dalam menganalisis data adalah metode penelitian kualitatif dan dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukan bahwa pemberontakan dilakukan Seleka di Republik Afrika Tengah disebabkan karena lemahnya negara, tidak adanya infrastruktur yang baik dan peran pemerintah di bagian utara. kesenjangan ekonomi dan pembangunan di wilayah utara dan pusat sangat berbeda. Di wilayah utara masih sangat tertinggal dibandingkan wilayah pusat. Tidak adanya peran pemerintah dan kondisi negara tetangga yang tidak stabil penuh dengan konflik membuat Republik Afrika Tengah rawan konflik. Lemahnya pengawasan perbatasan membuat akses masuk pemberontak dan persenjataan mudah masuk ke Republik Afrika Tengah. Senjata ini lantas digunakan oleh para pemberontak melakukan kudeta terhadap Presiden Bozize. vii Digital Repository Universitas Jember PRAKATA Alhamdulillahi Robbil Alamin, Segala puji syukur kepada ALLAH SWT, atas berkah, rahmat dan hidayah-Nya penulis berhasil menyelesaikan skripsi dengan judul “Pemberontakan Seleka di Republik Afrika Tengah”. Skripsi ini disusun untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat menyelesaikan pendidikan strata satu (S1) pada Jurusan Ilmu Hubungan Internasional Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Jember. Penyusunan skripsi ini tidak lepas dari bantuan berbagai pihak. Oleh karena itu, penulis menyampaikan terima kasih kepada: 1. Kedua orang tua yang memberikan dukungan lahiriah maupun batiniah, dan kedua adik saya yang selalu menyempatkan diri memberikan perhatian; 2. Drs. Sugiyanto Eddie Kusuma, MA.,Ph.D. selaku Dosen Pembimbing Utama, dan Dra. Sri Yuniati, M.Si. selaku Dosen Pembimbing Anggota yang telah meluangkan waktu, pikiran, dan perhatian dalam penulisan skripsi ini; 3. Drs. Supriyadi, M.Si selaku Dosen Pembimbing Akademik yang membantu penulis mengembangkan sudut pandang ilmu pengetahuan; 4. Seluruh Dosen Jurusan Ilmu Hubungan Internasional Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Jember yang telah memberikan segenap ilmu dan pengetahuannya selama penulis belajar di Jurusan ini; 5. Seluruh staf dan pegawai di lingkungan kampus Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Jember yang telah membantu urusan administratif penulis selama menempuh pendidikan; 6. Teman-teman Hubungan Internasional yang telah berbagi kebersamaan di dalam kampus; 7. Seluruh pihak yang telah menjadi inspirasi dan memberikan bantuan dalam penulisan skripsi ini; Terimakasih banyak atas bantuan dan dukungan selama ini. Penulis mengharapkan segala kritik dan saran dari semua pihak demi kesempurnaan viii Digital Repository Universitas Jember skripsi ini, dan tidak berlebihan kiranya apabila penulis selipkan harapan, semoga skripsi ini dapat bermanfaat bagi semua pihak. Jember, 30 April 2015 Penulis ix Digital Repository Universitas Jember DAFTAR ISI HALAMAN JUDUL ................................................................................................ i HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN .............................................................................. ii HALAMAN MOTTO ............................................................................................. iii HALAMAN PERNYATAAN .................................................................................. iv HALAMAN PEMBIMBINGAN ............................................................................. v PENGESAHAN ........................................................................................................ vi RINGKASAN ........................................................................................................... vii PRAKATA ................................................................................................................ viii DAFTAR ISI ............................................................................................................. x DAFTAR SINGKATAN .......................................................................................... xiii DAFTAR TABEL .................................................................................................... xiv DAFTAR GAMBAR ................................................................................................ xv BAB 1. PENDAHULUAN ..................................................................................... 1 1.1 Latar Belakang ...................................................................................... 1 1.2 Ruang Lingkup Pembahasan ................................................................ 7 1.2.1 Batasan Materi ................................................................................. 7 1.2.2 Batasan Waktu ................................................................................. 7 1.3 Rumusan Masalah ................................................................................. 8 1.4 Tujuan Penelitian .................................................................................. 8 1.5 Kerangka Dasar Pemikiran .................................................................. 8 1.6 Argumen Utama .................................................................................... 14 1.7 Metode Penelitian .................................................................................. 14 1.7.1 Teknik Pengumpulan Data .............................................................. 15 1.7.2 Teknik Analisis Data ....................................................................... 16 I.8 Sistematika Penulisan ............................................................................ 17 BAB 2. GAMBARAN UMUM REPUBLIK AFRIKA TENGAH ....................... 18 2.1 Sejarah Republik Afrika Tengah ............................................................. 18 2.2 Sistem Politik dan Pemerintahan di Republik Afrika Tengah ................. 23 2.3 Etnisitas di Republik Afrika Tengah…… ................................................ .26 2.4 Kondisi Militer di Republik
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