Draft Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Addendum – Supplement Studies Including Biodiversity and Critical Habitat Assessment
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Draft Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Addendum – Supplement Studies including Biodiversity and Critical Habitat Assessment Project Number: 49222-001 May 2016 INO: Tangguh LNG Expansion Project Prepared by BP Berau Ltd. The environmental and social impact assessment is a document of the project sponsor. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “Term of Use” section of this website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of or any territory or area. Critical Habitat Assessment and Biodiversity Action Plan Tangguh Expansion Project June 2016 Critical Habitat Assessment and Biodiversity Action Plan Contents Page 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 7 1.1 Project Background ........................................................................................... 7 1.2 Rationale for this Report .................................................................................... 8 1.3 General Approach .............................................................................................. 9 1.4 Project Description .......................................................................................... 11 1.4.1 History of the Tangguh Train 1 and 2 and TEP ................................................... 11 1.4.2 Tangguh Expansion Project ................................................................................ 12 1.4.3 Alternatives ....................................................................................................... 15 1.5 Structure of this Document ............................................................................. 16 2 Scope and Objectives ................................................................................................ 18 2.1 Project Scope .................................................................................................. 18 2.2 Scope of this Report ........................................................................................ 18 2.3 Aim and Objectives ......................................................................................... 19 2.3.1 Application of the Mitigation Hierarchy .............................................................. 19 2.3.2 Development of the Biodiversity Action Plan ..................................................... 20 3 Policy and Regulatory Framework ............................................................................. 21 3.1 International Conventions ................................................................................ 21 3.2 National Legislative and Policy Framework ..................................................... 21 3.2.1 Environmental Law ............................................................................................ 22 3.2.2 Environmental Impact Assessment Legislation ................................................. 22 3.2.3 Conservation and Forestry Laws ........................................................................ 24 3.2.4 Marine and Fisheries Laws ................................................................................ 25 3.2.5 Species Protection and Trade ............................................................................ 25 3.2.6 Biodiversity and Species Action Plans................................................................ 26 3.3 ADB Safeguard Policy Statement .................................................................... 27 3.4 IFC Performance Standards ............................................................................ 28 4 Biodiversity Baseline ................................................................................................. 29 4.1 Methodology ................................................................................................... 29 4.1.1 Study Area ......................................................................................................... 29 4.1.2 Desktop Information .......................................................................................... 31 4.1.3 Field Surveys ..................................................................................................... 31 4.1.4 Sensitivity Mapping ........................................................................................... 32 4.1.5 Stakeholder Engagement on Biodiversity Values ............................................... 32 4.2 Environmental Setting ..................................................................................... 33 4.2.1 Physiography ..................................................................................................... 33 Page 2 of 186 Critical Habitat Assessment and Biodiversity Action Plan 4.2.2 Main Habitats .................................................................................................... 35 4.2.3 Species of Conservation Concern ...................................................................... 38 4.2.4 Ecosystem Services .......................................................................................... 45 4.2.5 National and International Protected Areas ........................................................ 46 4.2.6 Other Nature Conservation Areas ...................................................................... 49 5 Critical Habitat Assessment ...................................................................................... 51 5.1 Methodology ................................................................................................... 51 5.1.1 Criteria for assessment ...................................................................................... 51 5.1.2 Critical Habitat Assessment approach................................................................ 51 5.2 Assessment of Critical Habitats ...................................................................... 55 5.2.1 Criterion 1: Critically endangered or endangered species................................... 55 5.2.2 Criterion 2: Endemic or restricted range species ............................................... 60 5.2.3 Criterion 3: Migratory or congregatory species .................................................. 65 5.2.4 Criterion 4: Unique species assemblages associated with key evolutionary processes or providing key ecosystem services ................................................ 66 5.2.5 Criterion 5: Biodiversity of significant social, economic, or cultural importance to local communities .............................................................................................. 67 5.2.6 Criterion 6: Protected areas or proposed for protection. .................................... 69 5.2.7 Criterion 7: Highly threatened and/or unique ecosystems .................................. 69 5.3 Priority Biodiversity Features ........................................................................... 70 5.3.1 Priority Species and Associated Habitats ........................................................... 70 5.3.2 Priority Ecosystem Services .............................................................................. 72 5.3.3 Priority Protected Areas ..................................................................................... 72 6 Impact Assessment and Mitigation ........................................................................... 73 6.1 Impact Evaluation ............................................................................................ 73 6.2 Evaluation of Impacts on Priority Species and Associated Habitats ................ 76 6.2.1 Discharge of drilling mud / cuttings .................................................................... 76 6.2.2 Foreshore development, dredging and dredge disposal ..................................... 77 6.2.3 Operational discharge of effluents ..................................................................... 78 6.2.4 Presence of offshore platforms ......................................................................... 79 6.2.5 Sea transportation (including LNG tanker traffic) ................................................ 79 6.2.6 Underwater sound ............................................................................................. 80 6.2.7 Land clearance ................................................................................................... 81 6.2.8 Noise and visual disturbance ............................................................................. 83 6.2.9 Invasive species ................................................................................................ 85 6.2.10 Spills of hazardous material, including hydrocarbon and chemicals .................... 87 6.3 Evaluation of Impacts on Ecosystem Services ................................................ 88 6.3.1 Evaluation of impact .......................................................................................... 89 6.4 Evaluation of Impacts on Protected Areas ...................................................... 90 6.4.1 Evaluation of impact .......................................................................................... 90 6.5 Strategy for Additional Mitigations .................................................................