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Biodiversity of Sedges in Dera Ismail Khan District, Nwfp Pakistan

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Biodiversity of Sedges in Dera Ismail Khan District, Nwfp Pakistan Sarhad J. Agric. Vol.24, No.2, 2008 BIODIVERSITY OF SEDGES IN DERA ISMAIL KHAN DISTRICT, NWFP PAKISTAN Sarfaraz Khan Marwat* and Mir Ajab Khan** ABSTRAC The present account of Cyperaceae is based on the results of the Taxonomical research work conducted in Dera Ismail Khan (D.I.Khan) district, North West Frontier Province (NWFP), Pakistan, during May 2005 - April 2006. 20 plant species of the family, belonging to 9 genera, were collected, preserved and identified. Plant specimens were mounted and deposited as voucher specimens in the Department of Botany, Quaid-I-University, Islamabad. Complete macro & microscopic detailed morphological features of these species were investigated. Key to the species of the area was developed for easy and correct identification & differentiation. The genera with number of species are: Bolboschoenus ( 1sp.), Cyperus ( 6 sp.), Eleocharis ( 2 sp.), Eriophorum (I sp.), Fimbristylis ( 5 sp.), Juncellus (1sp.), Pycreus ( I sp.), Schoenoplectus ( 2 sp.) and Scirpus (1sp). Key words: Taxonomy, Sedges and Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan. INTRODUCTION Dera Ismail Khan (D.I.Khan) is the southern most in this family are the underground parts, shape of the district of N.W.F.P. lying between 31°.15’ and aerial stem, presence and arrangement of the leaves, 32°.32’North latitude and 70°.11’ and 71°.20’ East type of inflorescence, number and length of longitude with an elevation of 571ft. from the sea involucral bracts, shape and size of the spikelets, level. It has a total geographical land of 0.896 million arrangement of glumes, persistence of the rachilla, hectares and out of which 0.300 m.ha. is cultivated presence of the perianth bristles, the number of (Khan, 2003). Most of the D.I.Khan district is a dry stamens, the number of style branches (i.e. number of alluvial plain commonly referred to as “Daman”. The stigmas), presence of the utricle and characters of the only hills, within the district, are those of Khisore nut (Marwat et al., 1996). Range which lies in the north - eastern part of the district. The Khisore Range is also known as the MATERIALS AND METHODS Ratta Koh or Koh-e- Surkh, meaning the red The study was conducted during May 2005 - April mountain. It runs close to Indus river, in north- east to 2006 in different parts of the area. Frequent field trips south- west direction. The summer season is dry and of the area were conducted in order to collect live hot. June is the hottest month during which the mean specimens. The area was extensively surveyed for maximum and minimum temperature is recorded research work. Plants were collected, pressed in around 42 °C and 27 °C, respectively. December, newspapers, and were identified with the help of January and February are the cold months. In January available literature (Ali & Qaiser, 2001; Marwat et the mean maximum and minimum temperature is al ., 1996; Jafri,1966; etc…) and by comparing with around 20 °C and 4 °C respectively. The district is the already identified plant specimens of the bounded on the north by Tank and Lakki Marwat herbarium, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad. districts, on the east by Mian Wali and Bhakkar After correct identification the plants were given districts of Punjab, on the south Dera Ghazi Khan voucher numbers and deposited as voucher District of Punjab and on the west by Tribal Area specimens in the herbarium of Botany Department, Adjoining Dera Ismail Khan district (Anonymous, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, for future 1998). references. Detailed morphological features of each species were compiled. Taxonomic key was Cyperaceae or the sedge-family is a group of grass- developed to differentiate closely related taxa. like or rush-like herbs spread throughout the world, showing a remarkable range of adaptability to varied RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ecological conditions, from sea level to alpine heights The family Cyperaceae has received relatively (Verma and Chandra, 1981). Sedges are mostly meager attention due to its insignificance, small perennial rhizomatous or stoloniferous herbs, inconspicuous flowers with complicated morphology sometimes annuals, and are found in clumps in damp and difficulties in their collection. On account of or marshy places and cultivated grounds especially in possessing such characters it has been given a rice fields. separate status as family by taxonomists. In total 20 plant species, belonging to 9 genera, from D.I.Khan, Among the characters of major economic importance were collected, preserved and identified. The plant * University Wensam College, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan – Pakistan ** Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad – Pakistan Sarfaraz Khan Marwat, et al. Biodiversity of sedges in Dera ismail khan district, WFP-Pakistan …… 294 species are : Bolboschoenus affinis (Roth) Drobov, 8.+ Nut dorsally compressed with one side against the Cyperus alopecuroides Rottb., Cyperus difformis L., rachilla------------------- 6. Juncellus Cyperus iria L., Cyperus niveus Retzius, Cyperus -Nut laterally compressed with one angle against pygmaeus Rottb., Cyperus rotundus L., Eleocharis the rachilla------------------- 7. Pycreus geniculatus (L..) Roem.and Schult, Eleocharis palustris (L.) Roem.and Schult, Eriophorum Bolboschoenus comosum (Wall. ex Roxb.) Nees, Fimbristylis Bolboschoenus affinis (Roth) Drobov bisumbellata (Forssk.) Bubani, Fimbristylis Basionym: Scirpus affinis Roth dichotoma (L.) Vahl, Fimbristylis ferruginea (L.) Synonym: Scirpus strobilus Roxb. Vahl, Fimbristylis quinquangularis (Vahl) Kunth, Habit and Habitat : Perennial herb, found in shallow Fimbristylis tenera Schultes var . oxylepis (Steudel) water, waste land pools, rice fields. C.B.Clarke, Juncellus laevigus (L.) C.B.Clarke , Description: Aerial stem sharply trigonous above, Pycreus flavidus (Retz.) T. Koyama, Schoenoplectus edges smooth or scabrous, Grey green. Leaves as litoralis (Schrad.) Palla Schoenoplectus triqueter (L.) long as stem; sheath up to 15 cm long; leaf blade up Palla and Scirpus maritimus (L.). Taxonomic account to 40 cm long and 2 - 7 mm, keeled. Inflorescence consists of family name, botanical name, English compact, formed by 1- 6 spikes, bracts many times name, local name, habit and habitat, description, longer than inflorescence. Spikes 1-2 cm long and 5- flowering and fruiting period, type, voucher specimen 10 mm broad, ovoid, turgid, pale brown; glumes 5-9 number and distribution in area, Pakistan and world. x 2-3.5 mm, sides nerveless, yellowish brown or All the photographs have not been included in order scarious, apex often ciliate, arista 1-2 mm, slightly to avoid the length of paper too long. However , recurved. Perianth bristles usually 4, easily detached, pictures of eleven plants have been presented in unequal, shorter than nut. Stamens 3. Stigmas Figures 1 - 11. predominantly 2, often 3. Nut ovoid or obovoid, trigonous and plano convex, white or yellowish Key to the genera brown, glossy, epidermal cells hexagonal. 1.+Glumes spirally arranged; spikelets not compressed; rachilla often straight; perianth Fl. & Fr. : January – July. mostly present in the form of bristles, Type: Described from Southern India ( Mysore), occasionally absent ( as in Fimbristylis )-------- 2 collection of Benjamin Heyne ( Type probably in K). -Glumes 2-ranked; spikelets usually compressed; Voucher specimen No.: 20 rachilla grooved or zigzag; perianth Distribution in Area: Near Darya Khan – D.I.Khan absent----------------------------------------------------- 7 bridge and Baloch Nagar 2.+ Perianth bristles absent--------------- 5. Fimbristylis Distribution in Pakistan: Rawalpindi; Makran: Ras -Perianth bristles present---------------------------- 3 Nuh, S Gwadar; Karachi: Hub River; Shikarpur 3.+ Perianth bristles dividing to the base into Canal Bridge; Dera Ismail Khan. numerous cottony threads, much longer Distribution in World : From Europe to India. than glumes---------------------------- 4. Eriophorum -Perianth bristles not dividing into cottony threads, Cyperus shorter than glumes------------------- 4 Key to the genera 4.+ Inflorescence umbellate or congested head; 1.+Perennial rhizomatous herbs---------------------2 involucral bracts present-------------------- 5 -Annual herbs, with fibrous roots -------------------4 -inflorescence single terminal spikelet; involucral 2.+Stolons present, bearing tuber-like structure; bracts absent------------ 3. Eliocharis spikelets loosely arranged-- 7. rotundus 5.+ Leaves well-developed; inflorescence terminal -Stolons usually absent, rarely present bearing no capitate or umbellate; involucral bracts tuber like structure---------------------3 2 (-4) in number, leaf-like----------------------------6 3.+Inflorescence compound anthelodium; rachilla -Leaves reduced to sheaths; involucral bracts 1 (-2) winged------------------ 2. alopecuroides in number, stem-like-----------------8. Schoenoplectus -Inflorescence a single capitat of white spikelets ; 6.+ Perianth bristles usually 4;stigma predominantly rachilla wingless------------ 5. niveus 2; nut planoconvex or trigonous---------------- --------- 4. +Spikelets spicately arranged on the rachis; -------- ------------ 1. Bulboschoenus -------------------------------------- 4. iria -Perianth bristles usually 6; stigma 3-branched; nut -Spikelets spirally arranged forming globose trigonous----------------- 9. Scirpus heads;------------------------------------------5 7.+ Nut trigonous; stigmas 3---------------- 2. Cyperus 5.+Inflorescence a single globose head---- 6. pygmeus -Nut compressed; stigmas
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