Thinkong Ahead for Sustainable Development

Pontis 2015 |5 Focused on development cooperationDigest

“The projects that do best on GlobalGiving are the organizations that clearly benefit people,” maintains Mari Kuraishi the digital age. Could you explain tions than it might have had. So we how exactly this model works and wanted to create a platform that could describe the pillars on which it do exactly that; send money to any stands ? organization in the world, regardless of size, that was doing good work that We founded GlobalGiving in 2001 could potentially increase the scope for before crowdfunding really existed, with innovation, and, ultimately, make com- the desire to do international develop- munities better. That was the reason we ment differently. Both my co-founder created GlobalGiving—not because we and I worked at the World Bank so we felt there was some great new world to had deep experience with the way devel- be explored in crowdfunding. Instead, opment was done in the world of official crowdfunding became a way to accom- aid. We felt that the problem with offi- plish the goal of pushing ownership of cial multilateral aid was that resources the development agenda back into the tended to flow to organizations that communities where it belonged, and were established, could handle large opening up space for innovation. In amounts of money and perhaps had other words, we wanted to do interna- a good relationship with some of their tional development better, which meant governments. That meant that organi- we had to do it differently. So that’s how zations that were smaller and wanted we stumbled onto crowdfunding. We Mari Kuraishi, Co-Founder and President of to test new ideas that were not proven started by saying “let’s support smaller GlobalGiving and that were not necessarily always organizations, let’s see if we can sup- in a position to have a good relation- port organizations that are first and GlobalGiving as an NGO provides ship with the government, usually got foremost grounded in community”. We a new and modern model of fun- fewer resources. As a result, the field then said, “Well, who can support these Published by the Pontis Foundation, Zelinárska 2, 821 08, Bratislava, Slovakia. draising that fits perfectly into of development has had fewer innova- organizations ?” the answer seemed to phone: (421 2) 5710 8111, fax: (421 2) 5710 8125, [email protected], [email protected], www.nadaciapontis.sk The Pontis Digest is co-financed by the SlovakAid. The views expressed in the Pontis Digest do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the SlovakAid.

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: 46/68/99 46/68/99 b: 46/68/99 rg b: 46/68/99 rg b: 46/68/99 rg b: rg b: rg : 122/131/162 122/131/162 b: 122/131/162 rg b: 122/131/162 rg b: 122/131/162 rg b: rg b: rg 1/71/71 7 1/71/71 7 1/71/71 7 rgb: 1/71/71 7 rgb: 1/71/71 7 rgb: rgb: rgb: 0/170/170 17 0/170/170 17 0/170/170 0/170/170 17 rgb: 17 0/170/170 rgb: 17 rgb: rgb: rgb: b 161/160/33 161/160/33 161/160/33 gb: r 161/160/33 gb: r 161/160/33 gb: r gb: r gb: r

cmyk: 100/60/30/30 100/60/30/30 100/60/30/30 cmyk: 100/60/30/30 cmyk: 100/60/30/30 cmyk: cmyk: cmyk: cmyk: 60/35/15/10 60/35/15/10 60/35/15/10 cmyk: 60/35/15/10 cmyk: 60/35/15/10 cmyk: cmyk: cmyk: cmyk: 0/0/0/80 0/0/0/80 0/0/0/80 cmyk: 0/0/0/80 cmyk: 0/0/0/80 cmyk: cmyk: cmyk: cmyk: 0/0/0/40 0/0/0/40 0/0/0/40 cmyk: 0/0/0/40 cmyk: 0/0/0/40 cmyk: cmyk: cmyk: cmyk: 0/0/100/25 0/0/100/25 0/0/100/25 cmyk: 0/0/100/25 cmyk: 0/0/100/25 cmyk: cmyk: cmyk:

: 95/41/52 95/41/52 b: 95/41/52 rg b: 95/41/52 rg b: 95/41/52 rg b: rg b: rg : 179/35/39 179/35/39 b: 179/35/39 rg b: 179/35/39 rg b: 179/35/39 rg b: rg b: rg : 206/137/75 206/137/75 b: 206/137/75 rg b: 206/137/75 rg b: 206/137/75 rg b: rg b: rg : 192/156/41 192/156/41 b: 192/156/41 rg b: 192/156/41 rg b: 192/156/41 rg b: rg b: rg b 226/196/49 226/196/49 226/196/49 gb: r 226/196/49 gb: r 226/196/49 gb: r gb: r gb: r

cmyk: 60/100/90/0 60/100/90/0 60/100/90/0 cmyk: 60/100/90/0 cmyk: 60/100/90/0 cmyk: cmyk: cmyk: cmyk: 0/100/100/0 0/100/100/0 0/100/100/0 cmyk: 0/100/100/0 cmyk: 0/100/100/0 cmyk: cmyk: cmyk: cmyk: 0/60/80/0 0/60/80/0 0/60/80/0 cmyk: 0/60/80/0 cmyk: 0/60/80/0 cmyk: cmyk: cmyk: cmyk: 0/40/100/15 0/40/100/15 0/40/100/15 cmyk: 0/40/100/15 cmyk: 0/40/100/15 cmyk: cmyk: cmyk: cmyk: 0/30/90/0 0/30/90/0 0/30/90/0 cmyk: 0/30/90/0 cmyk: 0/30/90/0 cmyk: cmyk: cmyk:

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lie in the generosity and capacity of the the idea of crowdsourcing innova- significant part of work that we do here,

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70 % (out of US$358 billion in 2014) from the development community at companies to support their corporate 0/0/0/80 cmyk:

cmyk: 0/0/0/100 – 20% – 20% – 20% – 20% – 20% – 0/0/0/100 0/0/0/100 0/0/0/100 cmyk: 0/0/0/100 cmyk: 0/0/0/100 cmyk: cmyk: cmyk: cmyk: 0/0/0/100 – 40% – 40% – 40% – 40% – 40% – 0/0/0/100 0/0/0/100 0/0/0/100 cmyk: 0/0/0/100 cmyk: 0/0/0/100 cmyk: cmyk: cmyk: cmyk: 0/0/0/100 – 60% – 60% – 60% – 60% – 60% – 0/0/0/100 0/0/0/100 0/0/0/100 cmyk: 0/0/0/100 cmyk: 0/0/0/100 cmyk: cmyk: cmyk: cmyk: 0/0/0/100 – 80% – 80% – 80% – 80% – 0/0/0/100 0/0/0/100 0/0/0/100 cmyk: 0/0/0/100 cmyk: cmyk: cmyk: is contributed by individuals. It seemed large. These experiments were called the social responsibility activity. We had 80% a – 0/0/0/100 cmyk: like a natural place to go. And that’s Development Marketplaces. That experi- different insight when the tsunami hit how we ended up in the business of ence of crowdsourcing opened our eyes Southeast Asia in 2004. Suddenly, for

giving small donations from individu- to the extremely large number of great the first time since our founding, people

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so visible for a person who comes to one of which we were able to work with like “how to help fisherman in Sri Lanka 0/73/75/24 cmyk:

cmyk: 0/91/94/30 – 20% – 20% – 20% – 20% – 20% – 0/91/94/30 0/91/94/30 0/91/94/30 cmyk: 0/91/94/30 cmyk: 0/91/94/30 cmyk: cmyk: cmyk: cmyk: 0/91/94/30 – 40% – 40% – 40% – 40% – 40% – 0/91/94/30 0/91/94/30 0/91/94/30 cmyk: 0/91/94/30 cmyk: 0/91/94/30 cmyk: cmyk: cmyk: cmyk: 0/91/94/30 – 60% – 60% – 60% – 60% – 60% – 0/91/94/30 0/91/94/30 0/91/94/30 cmyk: 0/91/94/30 cmyk: 0/91/94/30 cmyk: cmyk: cmyk: cmyk: 0/91/94/30 – 80% – 80% – 80% – 80% – 0/91/94/30 0/91/94/30 0/91/94/30 cmyk: 0/91/94/30 cmyk: cmyk: cmyk: GlobalGiving.org is that even though directly at the World Bank. That’s when after the tsunami” and we were com80% – - 0/91/94/30 cmyk: we do get a lot of money from individu- we decided to leave the Bank and invent ing up as one the results. We realized als, a lot of resources that flow through a way to support these organizations. that after disasters far greater numbers GlobalGiving actually come from com- of people go online looking for these

Over the years you had to be flex- opportunities. So disaster work is a lot doplnkové farby farby farby farby farby doplnkové doplnkové doplnkové doplnkové doplnkové farby farby panies that engage in corporatedoplnkové social responsibility, whether it’s through ible in order to adjust to new chal- of the work we do today as well. Finally, employee giving, corporate philanthro- lenges and situations. Was there on a completely different note, after we py, or cause-related marketing. And a specific situation that led to a were founded 9 / 11 happened in the that is a substantial amount of the breakthrough in your way of think- US which changed the regulatory envi- money that goes through GlobalGiving. ing ? ronment for us drastically. Before that And finally, because we are passionate There were many things that caused there were no criminal penalties associ- about doing development better, we us to do things differently. When we ated with international grant making. have used our position as a fundrais- first started out we did not know very After 9 / 11, laws came into force in ing platform to incentivise behaviour much about philanthropy. We knew the US that completely changed the from community groups on the ground a lot about organizations doing great way we had to carry out upfront due to do things differently, to constantly work in the field because we came from diligence on every organization that is improve how they are working, so that the World Bank, but we did not know on our site, to ensure that we were not they can be rewarded with better access anything about how to get donors to unintentionally sending money to orga- to financial resources when those gains give money to these projects. We built nizations even indirectly connected to are documented. a site and nobody came. And we real- money-laundering or terrorist activities. ized, people don’t get up in the morning GlobalGiving is pursuing a many- How did you come up with idea of wondering how they can support AIDs to-many approach. On your web- GlobalGiving ? orphans in South Africa. That’s what we site we can see wide range of coun- Denis and I were in charge of busi- were thinking about, but that’s not the tries, NGOs and grassroots proj- ness innovation as well as corporate first thing that most people think about. ects. What do you think motivates strategy (at the World Bank). One of So that forced our first pivot. We asked people to donate and support dif- the challenges we were asked to tackle ourselves, when do people think about

ferent projects ?

was that while the Bank did a lot of giving ? Which is when we got the idea

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businessvarianty and was reallyfarebné respected, it to prípustné reach out to companies who support There are different motivations for

was not known for innovations—could their employees’ generosity. So that was everybody. Some people may have logotyp organizácie organizácie organizácie organizácie logotyp logotyp logotyp logotyp we change that ? Weorganizácie experimented with logotyp one insight and it has turned into a served in the Peace Corps in Burkina Faso. So when they think of giving they think of Burkina Faso. Other people might be attracted to do something related to animals because they care about animals, they are animal lovers. In addition many people give, at least in the US, because someone asks them to, a friend or family member. And others give because it’s a thing that we do towards the end of the year, and it’s accepted that if you have enough money you should be giving it away. These people systematically think about what are the things that are meaningful to them, and which organizations are doing the best work.

GlobalGiving is a mission driven crowdfunding platform. Therefore,

2 Pontis Digest | 2015–5 logotyplogotyplogotyplogotyplogotyp organizácie organizácie organizácie organizácie organizácie prípustnéprípustnéprípustnéprípustnéprípustné farebné farebné farebné farebné farebné varianty varianty varianty varianty varianty

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cmyk:cmyk: 0/91/94/30cmyk: 0/91/94/30cmyk: 0/91/94/30cmyk: 0/91/94/30 0/91/94/30 – 80% – 80% – 80% – 80% –cmyk: 80%cmyk: 0/91/94/30cmyk: 0/91/94/30cmyk: 0/91/94/30cmyk: 0/91/94/30 0/91/94/30 – 60% – 60% – 60% – 60% –cmyk: 60%cmyk: 0/91/94/30cmyk: 0/91/94/30cmyk: 0/91/94/30cmyk: 0/91/94/30 0/91/94/30 – 40% – 40% – 40% – 40% –cmyk: 40%cmyk: 0/91/94/30cmyk: 0/91/94/30cmyk: 0/91/94/30cmyk: 0/91/94/30 0/91/94/30 – 20% – 20% – 20% – 20% – 20% cmyk:cmyk: 0/73/75/24cmyk: 0/73/75/24cmyk: 0/73/75/24cmyk: 0/73/75/24 0/73/75/24 cmyk:cmyk: 0/54/56/18cmyk: 0/54/56/18cmyk: 0/54/56/18cmyk: 0/54/56/18 0/54/56/18 cmyk:cmyk: 0/36/38/12cmyk: 0/36/38/12cmyk: 0/36/38/12cmyk: 0/36/38/12 0/36/38/12 cmyk:cmyk: 0/18/19/6cmyk: 0/18/19/6cmyk: 0/18/19/6cmyk: 0/18/19/6 0/18/19/6 rgb:rgb: 159/89/60r gb: 159/89/60 r gb: 159/89/60rgb: 159/89/60 159/89/60 rgb:rg b: 181/128/95rg b: 181/128/95 rg b: 181/128/95rg b: 181/128/95 181/128/95 rgb:rg b: 205/168/138rg b: 205/168/138 rg b: 205/168/138rg b: 205/168/138 205/168/138rgb:rgb: 230/210/193rgb: 230/210/193 rgb: 230/210/193rgb: 230/210/193 230/210/193

cmyk:cmyk: 0/0/0/100cmyk: 0/0/0/100cmyk: 0/0/0/100cmyk: 0/0/0/100 –0/0/0/100 80% – 80% – 80% – 80% – 80%cmyk:cmyk: 0/0/0/100cmyk: 0/0/0/100cmyk: 0/0/0/100cmyk: 0/0/0/100 –0/0/0/100 60% – 60% – 60% – 60% – 60%cmyk:cmyk: 0/0/0/100cmyk: 0/0/0/100cmyk: 0/0/0/100cmyk: 0/0/0/100 –0/0/0/100 40% – 40% – 40% – 40% – 40%cmyk:cmyk: 0/0/0/100cmyk: 0/0/0/100cmyk: 0/0/0/100cmyk: 0/0/0/100 –0/0/0/100 20% – 20% – 20% – 20% – 20% cmyk:cmyk: 0/0/0/80cmyk: 0/0/0/80cmyk: 0/0/0/80cmyk: 0/0/0/80 0/0/0/80 cmyk:cmyk: 0/0/0/60cmyk: 0/0/0/60cmyk: 0/0/0/60cmyk: 0/0/0/60 0/0/0/60 cmyk:cmyk: 0/0/0/40cmyk: 0/0/0/40cmyk: 0/0/0/40cmyk: 0/0/0/40 0/0/0/40 cmyk:cmyk: 0/0/0/20cmyk: 0/0/0/20cmyk: 0/0/0/20cmyk: 0/0/0/20 0/0/0/20 rgb:rgb: 71/71/71r gb: 71/71/71 r gb: 71/71/71rgb: 71/71/71 71/71/71 rgb:rgb: 12rgb: 4/124/124 12 rgb: 4/124/124 12rgb: 4/124/124 12 4/124/124 124/124/124 rgb:rgb: 17rgb: 170/170/ rgb: 0/170/ 17rgb: 0/170/ 17170 170/170/1700/170/170170170 rgb:rgb: 21rgb: 4/214/214 21 rgb: 4/214/214 21rgb: 4/214/214 21 4/214/214 214/214/214 kokomkomplementárnekoplementárnemkoplementárnemmplementárneplementárne farby farby farby farby farby

cmyk:cmyk: 0/30/90/0cmyk: 0/30/90/0cmyk: 0/30/90/0cmyk: 0/30/90/0 0/30/90/0cmyk:cmyk: 0/40/100/15cmyk: 0/40/100/15cmyk: 0/40/100/15cmyk: 0/40/100/15 0/40/100/15cmyk:cmyk: 0/60/80/0cmyk: 0/60/80/0cmyk: 0/60/80/0cmyk: 0/60/80/0 0/60/80/0cmyk:cmyk: 0/100/100/0cmyk: 0/100/100/0cmyk: 0/100/100/0cmyk: 0/100/100/0 0/100/100/0cmyk:cmyk: 60/100/90/0cmyk: 60/100/90/0cmyk: 60/100/90/0cmyk: 60/100/90/0 60/100/90/0 rgb:rgb: 226/196/49r gb: 226/196/49 r gb: 226/196/49rgb: 226/196/49 226/196/49rgb:rg b: 192/156/41rg b: 192/156/41 rg b: 192/156/41rg b: 192/156/41 192/156/41rgb:rg b: 206/137/75rg b: 206/137/75 rg b: 206/137/75rg b: 206/137/75 206/137/75rgb:rg b: 179/35/39rg b: 179/35/39 rg b: 179/35/39rg b: 179/35/39 179/35/39rgb:rg b: 95/41/52rg b: 95/41/52 rg b: 95/41/52rg b: 95/41/52 95/41/52

cmyk:cmyk: 0/0/100/25cmyk: 0/0/100/25cmyk: 0/0/100/25cmyk: 0/0/100/25 0/0/100/25cmyk:cmyk: 0/0/0/40cmyk: 0/0/0/40cmyk: 0/0/0/40cmyk: 0/0/0/40 0/0/0/40cmyk:cmyk: 0/0/0/80cmyk: 0/0/0/80cmyk: 0/0/0/80cmyk: 0/0/0/80 0/0/0/80cmyk:cmyk: 60/35/15/10cmyk: 60/35/15/10cmyk: 60/35/15/10cmyk: 60/35/15/10 60/35/15/10cmyk:cmyk: 100/60/30/30cmyk: 100/60/30/30cmyk: 100/60/30/30cmyk: 100/60/30/30 100/60/30/30 rgb:rgb: 161/160/33r gb: 161/160/33 r gb: 161/160/33rgb: 161/160/33 161/160/33rgb:rgb: 17rgb: 170/170/170 rgb: 0/170/170 17rgb: 0/170/170 17 170/170/1700/170/170rgb:rgb: 7rgb: 1/71/717 1/71/71rgb: 7rgb:1/71/71 7 1/71/7171/71/71rgb:rg b: 122/131/162rg b: 122/131/162 rg b: 122/131/162rg b: 122/131/162 122/131/162rgb:rg b: 46/68/99rg b: 46/68/99 rg b: 46/68/99rg b: 46/68/99 46/68/99 a certain amount of transparency on the site and we visit about 10 % of These crowdfunding platforms are and trust of donors is necessary the projects in a given year. These visits national and I think they are definitely to fulfil the promise. How do you are done by our staff but we also have worth exploring. dizajnThendizajn theredizajn manuál dizajn ismanuál dizajnKiva manuál manuál – manuál 10– 10 – 10 – 10– 10 ensure that ? fellowships for people who travel the which extends loans to microfinance field. We recruit people every year to institutions. There are also crowdfund- We require every organization to report see if they want to travel on our behalf, ing sites that are thematically restricted, on what they are doing every 90 days and these people come to GlobalGiving like Watsi. We also know that commu- and this report gets pushed out to for 2 weeks of training and before we nity foundations in some countries are every donor to the project. If you do send them to the field. Many of these quite powerful. And then there are the not report after 90 days, you cannot people are graduate students or people forprofit crowdfunding sites. Sites like continue to be on the site. So that just out of school who are looking for Kickstarter and Indiegogo make sense is our minimum. We also ask every the opportunity to travel. We also ask if you have a particular campaign in organization whether they are seek- our partners in the field to go and visit mind. But they are not designed for ing to improve the work they do on other projects. people who want an ongoing fundrais- the ground. When they can show us ing platform. they do, this generates points for the Even though GlobalGiving pres- organization which in turn translates ents a great opportunity for NGOs What do you think is characteris- into how visibly they are displayed on to raise money to support their tic for fundraising focused specifi- GlobalGiving.org. This part is not obvi- projects, how would you advise cally on development projects ? Are ous to the donor but the result of us them to get support from funders there any differences that distin- using that ranking mechanism to figure besides that ? How can they raise guish this type of fundraising ? Are out which organization should show funds for development projects ? there any examples that come to up higher on our page means that Could you give us an example ? mind ? someone who is browsing the site— We don’t believe that we should be an From my point of view, the projects that say, for projects in India, or projects exclusive source of funding for any do best on GlobalGiving are the orga- supporting women—will automatically organization. There are organizations nizations that clearly benefit people, see the organizations that are the most that are very well placed to get funding whether it’s kids, the elderly or people transparent and engaged in the highest from major foundations or official aid who have disabilities. If you can tell a impact behaviours. So it is implicit, not agencies, whether it is the UN, EU, or the clear story about how a donation can explicit, and it designs and frames the Ford Foundation. There are many orga- be used to change people’s lives, they experience for a donor. nizations that do exactly those things will actually do a lot better than a proj- that fit in the funding priorities of major ect that cannot make that connection to In your previous interviews you funders. I think that the difficulty comes people—say, building an opera house. have also mentioned the impor- when organizations end up having to Even better is if you can make that a tance of feedback in general. How change what they do in order to fit into story about a particular person, rather does GlobalGiving gather feedback these funding priorities. That’s not good than a category of people. If you are from projects that donors fund ? news for anybody—nor for the funder helping former sex-workers in India and How do you ensure accountability nor the implementing organization. I you can drill down to a person, there is on the part of NGOs ? think there are a number of crowd- a story. That’s the source of the human In addition to the reporting and rank- funding platforms in the developing connection. We are wired to care about ing mechanism we send people to the world e.g. organizations like GiveIndia, other people. field. There are thousands of projects HelpArgentina, ConexionColombia. “The situation in Ukraine is similar in many areas, however not identical to the situation in Slovakia after 1998,” claims Ivan Mikloš Which factors, in your opinion, pre- have been made than in the previ- in implementing reforms, eliminating vent development in Ukraine to ous 20 years. On the other hand, the corruption and cronyism, slow develop- the largest extent ? Which reforms reform process could be much faster ment in macroeconomic stabilization and would be more sustainable if there are crucial in terms of the current and structural reforms. This is accom- was strong leadership, effective commu- political and economic situation ? panied by an escalation of dissatisfac- nication and strong reform ownership On the one hand, in the last year and in Ukraine. I can see and feel significant tion and frustration of citizens on the a half since the Maidan revolution, deficiency in all these areas, which is one hand, and a rise of populism and more reforms and positive changes reflected in the lack of political unity demagogy on the other.

10 10 10 10 10 dizajn manuál – – – – – – manuál manuál manuál manuál dizajn manuál dizajn dizajn dizajn dizajn

plementárne farby farby farby farby farby plementárne plementárne m plementárne m ko plementárne m ko plementárne m ko m ko ko

investment, a regulated energy sector, Communication means constant and

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ing sector in a bad and unsustainable ing, content and importance of these 0/0/0/80 cmyk:

cmyk: 0/0/0/100 – 20% – 20% – 20% – 20% – 20% – 0/0/0/100 0/0/0/100 0/0/0/100 cmyk: 0/0/0/100 cmyk: 0/0/0/100 cmyk: cmyk: cmyk: cmyk: 0/0/0/100 – 40% – 40% – 40% – 40% – 40% – 0/0/0/100 0/0/0/100 0/0/0/100 cmyk: 0/0/0/100 cmyk: 0/0/0/100 cmyk: cmyk: cmyk: cmyk: 0/0/0/100 – 60% – 60% – 60% – 60% – 60% – 0/0/0/100 0/0/0/100 0/0/0/100 cmyk: 0/0/0/100 cmyk: 0/0/0/100 cmyk: cmyk: cmyk: cmyk: 0/0/0/100 – 80% – 80% – 80% – 80% – 0/0/0/100 0/0/0/100 0/0/0/100 cmyk: 0/0/0/100 cmyk: cmyk: cmyk: condition. reforms and fighting against populists80% – 0/0/0/100 cmyk: and demagogues who seek to abuse The significant difference is that we unpopular, but necessary reforms for were fortunate enough not to be at

their own political or other gain.

war. However, war in Eastern Ukraine

is not a reason for slowing down or In the countries with ongoing armed r

softening reforms. Because of all the conflict, need for strong leadership and 0/73/75/24 cmyk: cmyk: 0/91/94/30 – 20% – 20% – 20% – 20% – 20% – 0/91/94/30 0/91/94/30 0/91/94/30 cmyk: 0/91/94/30 cmyk: 0/91/94/30 cmyk: cmyk: cmyk: cmyk: 0/91/94/30 – 40% – 40% – 40% – 40% – 40% – 0/91/94/30 0/91/94/30 0/91/94/30 cmyk: 0/91/94/30 cmyk: 0/91/94/30 cmyk: cmyk: cmyk: cmyk: 0/91/94/30 – 60% – 60% – 60% – 60% – 60% – 0/91/94/30 0/91/94/30 0/91/94/30 cmyk: 0/91/94/30 cmyk: 0/91/94/30 cmyk: cmyk: cmyk: cmyk: 0/91/94/30 – 80% – 80% – 80% – 80% – 0/91/94/30 0/91/94/30 0/91/94/30 cmyk: 0/91/94/30 cmyk: cmyk: cmyk:

aforementioned facts, Slovak transi- communication is even more important80% – 0/91/94/30 cmyk: tion experiences are indeed relevant for than under normal conditions. Ukraine. The main finding of our tran-

sition is that if reforms are processed How can we strengthen democrat-

doplnkové farby farby farby farby farby doplnkové doplnkové doplnkové doplnkové doplnkové farby farby doplnkové comprehensively, resolutely and quickly ic and liberal values and promote enough, they can bring positive results fair competition in Ukraine ? What in quite a short period of time. role should state provide in this context ? Ivan Mikloš, Member or National Council What is important when promot- One unavoidable precondition for suc- of the SR ing unpopular reforms ? How it is cessful economic transformation is possible convince civil society and increasing the level of economic free- Key steps are the intensification of the citizens to accept such reforms, dom. This means a smaller and more fight against corruption, diminishing especially in a country with ongo- effective state, which should carry out the role of the state in the economy, ing armed conflict ? only functions that the state can and improving law enforcement, liberaliza- The most important thing as previously has to provide effectively. However, tion, deregulation and privatization. mentioned is strong leadership, owner- these functions should be carried out Moreover, tax reform is also crucial. ship and communication. Leadership as effectively as possible. In this regard, means that political leaders must pur- economic policy should be based on To what extent can the Slovak sue reforms despite their complexity the principles of free and fair com- transition experience be helpful to and political unpopularity. They must petition, fight against corruption, law Ukraine ? Are there any similarities be convinced of the importance and enforcement, property rights, deregula- or differences in terms of econom- necessity of the reforms and they must tion, liberalization and privatization. A ic transition ? be able to persuade people. factor of great importance, in addition to the communication of political lead- The situation in Ukraine is similar in Ownership of the reforms means that ers, is also the work of NGOs and think- many areas, however not identical to reforms are enforced, not because of thanks, as well as quality of schools and the situation in Slovakia after 1998. external pressure (IMF, EU or financial education. We also dealt with a high level of markets), but because they are neces-

corruption, a strong and unstructured prípustné farebné varianty varianty varianty varianty farebné farebné farebné farebné prípustné prípustné prípustné prípustné prípustné farebné varianty farebné saryprípustné to improve the quality of life of the

public sector, minimal inflow of foreign people in the country. logotyp organizácie organizácie organizácie organizácie logotyp logotyp logotyp logotyp

“IT sectororganizácie in Africalogotyp will continue to be employed to solve longstanding socio-economic problems,” envisages James Ndiga

iHub provides a platform for tech- Project Lucy. Also SAP announced it will spreading the solution, and persuading nology innovations and startups invest $500 million by 2020 to intro- entire societies to take new leaps. This emerging in developing countries. duce some of its newest technologies to has also led to more market research What are the current trends in this the continent. Secondly, Venture Capital which is helping social entrepreneurs area ? funding is constantly increasing as well. to present ideas that are user-friendly, Several trends can be identified. First of On the top of that, there has been a understandable, ethical, and engage all, global technology companies are noticeable increase in social enterprises widespread support in order to maxi- expanding operations in our country. and innovations. Rather than leaving For instance, IBM opened its first Africa societal needs to the government or mize the number of local people that research center in Kenya–a $100 mil- business sectors, innovators are find- will stand up, seize their idea, and lion facility creating an African version ing what is not working and solving implement it. An increase can also be of its Watson supercomputer, dubbed the problem by changing the system, seen in emerging potential markets, i.e.

4 Pontis Digest | 2015–5 logotyplogotyplogotyplogotyplogotyp organizácie organizácie organizácie organizácie organizácie prípustnéprípustnéprípustnéprípustnéprípustné farebné farebné farebné farebné farebné varianty varianty varianty varianty varianty

doplnkovédoplnkovédoplnkovédoplnkovédoplnkové farby farby farby farby farby

cmyk:cmyk: 0/0/100/25cmyk: 0/0/100/25cmyk: 0/0/100/25cmyk: 0/0/100/25 0/0/100/25cmyk:cmyk: 0/0/0/40cmyk: 0/0/0/40cmyk: 0/0/0/40cmyk: 0/0/0/40 0/0/0/40cmyk:cmyk: 0/0/0/80cmyk: 0/0/0/80cmyk: 0/0/0/80cmyk: 0/0/0/80 0/0/0/80cmyk:cmyk: 60/35/15/10cmyk: 60/35/15/10cmyk: 60/35/15/10cmyk: 60/35/15/10 60/35/15/10cmyk:cmyk: 100/60/30/30cmyk: 100/60/30/30cmyk: 100/60/30/30cmyk: 100/60/30/30 100/60/30/30 rgb:rgb: 161/160/33r gb: 161/160/33 r gb: 161/160/33rgb: 161/160/33 161/160/33rgb:rgb: 17rgb: 170/170/170 rgb: 0/170/170 17rgb: 0/170/170 17 170/170/1700/170/170rgb:rgb: 7rgb: 1/71/717 1/71/71rgb: 7rgb:1/71/71 7 1/71/7171/71/71rgb:rg b: 122/131/162rg b: 122/131/162 rg b: 122/131/162rg b: 122/131/162 122/131/162rgb:rg b: 46/68/99rg b: 46/68/99 rg b: 46/68/99rg b: 46/68/99 46/68/99 energy, tourism, smart cities, wearable locales. Africa also has to deal with a cation that Internet penetration will and clean technologies. large population of poor citizens and continue to rise, offering more competi- a volatile economy. The startup ecosys- tive innovative productsdizajndizajn dizajnand manuál dizajn servicesmanuáldizajn manuál manuál – manuál 10– 10 – 10 – 10– 10 What can we expect in future tem needs more success stories as well that cater for the needs of the growing development ? What challenges do as a serious first wave of founders that population in the country. Many of such you think the technology sector reinvest in and support their commu- innovations are happening in the inno- will face ? nity. One of the challenges we also need vation spaces. One of the current issues that will be to overcome is conservative attitudes. In conjunction with the rapidly growing more prominent in the future is growing People are too comfortable maintain- number of mobile and Internet con- state ICT competition. Following Kenya’s ing the status quo and doing things the nections the number of science courses lead, there are growing expectations on way they are used to. and IT students graduating each year African governments to flesh out ICT continues to increase. This number has plans and infrastructure. Countries such How would you evaluate the effect increased each year in both public and as Rwanda, Nigeria, and Ghana are of technology and innovation on private universities. Innovation spac- already up to the pressure, conscious of development in your country ? es, where entrepreneurs congregate to the success of Silicon Savannah. I think How are these new trends shaping bounce ideas around, network, work, that the IT sector in Africa will continue development ? learn, program, and design in order to to be employed to solve longstanding Innovation spaces have increasingly turn their ideas into actions, seem to socio-economic problems. Aid-agency been at the center stage of economic offer an ideal environment to nurture grants previously going to NGOs are development. Notably through rapid such fresh Kenyan graduates. This is already being diverted to social-venture technological advancement, facilitat- achieved through encouraging cohe- focused African technology organiza- ing speedy access of ideas and expe- sion, co-working and entrepreneurship tions. On the corporate side, a directive riences, financial aid, collaborations spirit. for IBM’s Lucy Project is solving many and prompt exchange of information. of “Africa’s grand challenges”– many of Usage and investment in ICT has been which have been related to the develop- a fundamental enabler in linking com- ment sector. Cracking the continent’s munities, facilitating businesses and longstanding problems will increas- empowering communities both socially ingly become a commercial technology and economically. Increasing access to opportunity. Moreover, there is also a information and communication ser- growing global impact of African tech- vices in rural and underserved areas nology solutions. For instance, M-PESA has also been crucial in accelerating has become a case study for global development as they form part of the digital payments. U.S. political cam- innovation ecosystem. Kenya as a coun- paigns used Ushahidi in the last presi- try is leveraging these facts and is dential election. Africa’s solar powered; investing heavily in ICT. This can be seen BRCK Wi-Fi device is being used in in the innovations that are springing up Internet dead spots in Wisconsin. Video from the innovation spaces, with the on demand site iROKO partners, which Government playing a key role, and, at was created to solve monetization and the forefront Kenya ICT Board. distribution problems for Nigerian mov- ies, is now being eyed by Netflix to The ICT sector in Kenya contributes sell U.S. digital goods in Africa. Most 12 % to GDP and towards the growth James Ndiga, iHub Nairobi of Africa’s technology applications are and development of the country. This developed as solutions to local prob- represents a marked improvement since This growth is further illuminated lems, but this is creating unforeseen the same sector contributed an average through Kenya’s current reputation as opportunities for other markets and of 3.7 % to GDP, according to reports an ICT investor’s paradise. Given the will continue to do so. I think it’s only released by the World Bank in 2010. number of multinational companies a matter of time before one of Africa’s This growth can be attributed to the commercially oriented startups scales robust telecommunications infrastruc- that are setting up offices in the country, a revenue generating platform to large ture, a rise of ICT Hubs, and high capac- e.g. GSMA, IBM, Qualcomm, Google, numbers of people and creates the con- ity international gateways. The country Gumtree, Nokia, among others. With tinent’s first big acquisition, IPO (Initial has also made remarkable progress by additional telecommunication stan- Public Offer), and first Mark Zuckerberg putting in place an ICT policy frame- dards set by the CCK, Kenya has a vision type sensation. work and implementation strategy, with of becoming the “silicon valley savanna” measurable outcomes and time frames in Africa. On the other hand, a relative lack of as part of the vision 2030 plan. angel community and capital resourc- These innovation spaces have been es has led successful ventures to seek The continued growth in mobile and used as a conduit to encourage and greater rewards in more international internet subscriptions is a clear indi- spur innovation by transforming the

10 10 10 10 10 dizajn manuál – – – – – – manuál manuál manuál manuál dizajn manuál dizajn dizajn dizajn dizajn

plementárne farby farby farby farby farby plementárne plementárne m plementárne m ko plementárne m ko plementárne m ko m ko ko

ideas of the graduates and young entre- cations built using this data, we are Increase in VC funding – The value of VC

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quickly moving from the millions to bil- 0/0/0/80 cmyk:

Emerging training institutions comple- terms of the number of initiatives com-

cmyk: 0/0/0/100 – 20% – 20% – 20% – 20% – 20% – 0/0/0/100 0/0/0/100 0/0/0/100 cmyk: 0/0/0/100 cmyk: 0/0/0/100 cmyk: cmyk: cmyk: cmyk: 0/0/0/100 – 40% – 40% – 40% – 40% – 40% – 0/0/0/100 0/0/0/100 0/0/0/100 cmyk: 0/0/0/100 cmyk: 0/0/0/100 cmyk: cmyk: cmyk: cmyk: 0/0/0/100 – 60% – 60% – 60% – 60% – 60% – 0/0/0/100 0/0/0/100 0/0/0/100 cmyk: 0/0/0/100 cmyk: 0/0/0/100 cmyk: cmyk: cmyk: cmyk: 0/0/0/100 – 80% – 80% – 80% – 80% – 0/0/0/100 0/0/0/100 0/0/0/100 cmyk: 0/0/0/100 cmyk: cmyk: cmyk: lions. Adding analysis to data provided80% – 0/0/0/100 cmyk: ment public and private universities’ ing to utilize the data. These initiatives by CrunchBase, we were able to conﬁrm education systems by exposing students include Code4Kenya, an outreach initia- more than $400 million in VC funding to the market needs other than just tive supporting intermediaries to work for African startups in 2014 and proj-

passing exams e.g. Emobilis, Moringa with government datasets to develop

School, Andela and Nairobits bring a applications and services that make

lot of practical training and hands on data more accessible and that improve

cmyk: 0/91/94/30 – 20% – 20% – 20% – 20% – 20% – 0/91/94/30 0/91/94/30 0/91/94/30 cmyk: 0/91/94/30 cmyk: 0/91/94/30 cmyk: cmyk: cmyk: cmyk: 0/91/94/30 – 40% – 40% – 40% – 40% – 40% – 0/91/94/30 0/91/94/30 0/91/94/30 cmyk: 0/91/94/30 cmyk: 0/91/94/30 cmyk: cmyk: cmyk: cmyk: 0/91/94/30 – 60% – 60% – 60% – 60% – 60% – 0/91/94/30 0/91/94/30 0/91/94/30 cmyk: 0/91/94/30 cmyk: 0/91/94/30 cmyk: cmyk: cmyk: cmyk: 0/91/94/30 – 80% – 80% – 80% – 80% – 0/91/94/30 0/91/94/30 0/91/94/30 cmyk: 0/91/94/30 cmyk: cmyk: cmyk: 2012 – 2018. 80% – 0/91/94/30 cmyk: training and involvement to projects. governance, as well as independently Investment is project based and there At last, the Kenya Open Data Initiative created open data applications. are various criteria that investors use received great governmental support

to determine which project to invest in.

to provide access to and utilization You are outreach program coor- doplnkové farby farby farby farby farby doplnkové doplnkové doplnkové doplnkové doplnkové farby farby doplnkové dinator, which means you are Some check revenue model, scalability, of open datasets by the population. market relevance and many more fac- involved in courting local and Technology tools have also been built tors. to synthesize and visualize the data international investors to invest in in simple formats in order to improve technology ideas and companies. access to this government information. What is your experience ? In what Although there has not been substantial projects do investors tend to invest documentation of the level of use of and how are you trying to encour- these datasets or of technology appli- age them ?

“Learning is the key to tackling the whole topic of global citizenship education”, thinks Rilli Lappalainen

committed to the 0.7 % target by 2030. However, achieving this in reality will be a huge challenge. Education is usually simply mentioned as a term without being further exam-

ined in the EU council conclusions.

prípustné farebné varianty varianty varianty varianty farebné farebné farebné farebné prípustné prípustné prípustné prípustné

prípustné farebné varianty farebné prípustné Traditionally, it has been mainly under-

stood in a formal education to get as logotyp organizácie organizácie organizácie organizácie logotyp logotyp logotyp logotyp logotyp organizácie logotyp many as possible children mainly to attend school. Another aspect is to teach skilled workers in order to enter the business sector. The challenge for the EU will be how it will implement these goals. The EU has a strategy for sustainable development but this has recently been covered by the EU 2020 strategy, which greatly focuses on growth and job creation. The EU must update its strategy on sustainable development and make a clear plan on how it will implement all SDG goals. The EU already has exper- Rilli Lappalainen, Secretary General of Kehys tise in all thematic areas but what is missing is the mechanism for working What are the EU priorities for the The European Union traditionally has in a coherent way to achieve these post 2015 development agenda ? focused on food security, gender, health goals. Accountability and transparency What role does education play ? etc. in its development work and is still mechanisms need to be built.

6 Pontis Digest | 2015–5 logotyplogotyplogotyplogotyplogotyp organizácie organizácie organizácie organizácie organizácie prípustnéprípustnéprípustnéprípustnéprípustné farebné farebné farebné farebné farebné varianty varianty varianty varianty varianty

doplnkovédoplnkovédoplnkovédoplnkovédoplnkové farby farby farby farby farby

“In many cases the interests of Poland and Eastern Partnership countries may simply vary,” says Katarzyna Jarecka-Stępień

What are the specifics of devel- tions, programmes, and international opment cooperation in EaP coun- funds). Bilateral activities are based on tries ? competitions for development projects For many years, the guiding Polish published every year by the MFA, direct- development policy in the countries of ed mainly to the third sector, as well the Eastern Partnership has been to as a separate programme for Polish support them in the process of econom- foreign missions (“small grants project”). ic, social, and institutional modernisa- A significant volume of bilateral aid is tion and transformation, as well as transferred to the Eastern Partnership supporting them on their way toward countries, and the “Polish Aid” pro- closer integration with the European gramme itself is complementary to its Union. According the Priorities of four thematic platforms. Efforts initi- Polish Foreign Policy 2012 – 2016, ated by Poland are aimed at the further Polish actions in the international arena deepening of areas which, thanks to the are a reflection of those values which experiences of political, economic, and are the foundation of our statehood: social transformation and integration democracy, rule of law, respect for with the European Union, are crucial to human rights and solidarity. In the light smooth and sustainable development of the document, Poland is committed of the region. So far, all EaP countries to openness and solidarity with the have been considered as priorities for East and wants to assist the region in Polish aid. The aim of Polish aid activi- political and economic transformation. ties in the EaP countries is to support the These activities are implemented and processes of change toward sustainable supported through a cooperation policy and stable functioning of democratic for development with the framework systems, strengthening of local and cen- Katarzyna Jarecka-Stępień, Department set forth in the Act on Development tral administrative structures, respect of European Studies, Krakow University of Cooperation adopted in 2011. Polish for human rights and the deepening of Economics Official Development Assistance (ODA) system transformation. In the area of The majority of the projects concern is mostly granted through multilateral economic development, an important channels (primarily by the contribution role is played by system reforms, with supporting the agricultural sector in to the EU budget, contributions to the particular emphasis on the develop- market economy conditions, support- European Development Fund (EDF), and ment of agriculture and rural areas, an ing sustainable economic development support for specialised aid organisa- increase in economic competitiveness. (especially small and medium-sized

10 10 10 10 10 dizajn manuál – – – – – – manuál manuál manuál manuál dizajn manuál dizajn dizajn dizajn dizajn

plementárne farby farby farby farby farby plementárne plementárne m plementárne m ko plementárne m ko plementárne m ko m ko ko

proximity alone results in the fact that ents of Polish development assistance.

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cmyk: 0/0/0/100 – 20% – 20% – 20% – 20% – 20% – 0/0/0/100 0/0/0/100 0/0/0/100 cmyk: 0/0/0/100 cmyk: 0/0/0/100 cmyk: cmyk: cmyk: cmyk: 0/0/0/100 – 40% – 40% – 40% – 40% – 40% – 0/0/0/100 0/0/0/100 0/0/0/100 cmyk: 0/0/0/100 cmyk: 0/0/0/100 cmyk: cmyk: cmyk: cmyk: 0/0/0/100 – 60% – 60% – 60% – 60% – 60% – 0/0/0/100 0/0/0/100 0/0/0/100 cmyk: 0/0/0/100 cmyk: 0/0/0/100 cmyk: cmyk: cmyk: cmyk: 0/0/0/100 – 80% – 80% – 80% – 80% – 0/0/0/100 0/0/0/100 0/0/0/100 cmyk: 0/0/0/100 cmyk: cmyk: cmyk: mony with the objectives of Polish devel- hand, to a large extent related to the80% – 0/0/0/100 cmyk: opment policy, including the pursuit of implementation of traditionally under- economic and social development and stood interests of the state, on the other the development of democratic institu- hand they are the realisation of the

tions in these countries. interests of countries (or communities)

to which this policy is addressed. The r

lack of consensus and convergence of cmyk: 0/91/94/30 – 20% – 20% – 20% – 20% – 20% – 0/91/94/30 0/91/94/30 0/91/94/30 cmyk: 0/91/94/30 cmyk: 0/91/94/30 cmyk: cmyk: cmyk: cmyk: 0/91/94/30 – 40% – 40% – 40% – 40% – 40% – 0/91/94/30 0/91/94/30 0/91/94/30 cmyk: 0/91/94/30 cmyk: 0/91/94/30 cmyk: cmyk: cmyk: cmyk: 0/91/94/30 – 60% – 60% – 60% – 60% – 60% – 0/91/94/30 0/91/94/30 0/91/94/30 cmyk: 0/91/94/30 cmyk: 0/91/94/30 cmyk: cmyk: cmyk: cmyk: 0/91/94/30 – 80% – 80% – 80% – 80% – 0/91/94/30 0/91/94/30 0/91/94/30 cmyk: 0/91/94/30 cmyk: cmyk: cmyk: cy, differences arising from conflicts of 80% – 0/91/94/30 cmyk: actions taken in the economic sphere interest may appear in at least some by v4 countries has a very adverse effect areas. The following may be identified: on the EaP member states. This nega- migration policy and its associated visa

tive impact can be seen particularly in

policy and the management of passen- doplnkové farby farby farby farby farby doplnkové doplnkové doplnkové doplnkové doplnkové farby farby doplnkové sectors, which are sensitive to economic ger traffic between Poland (EU) and its development, such as energy, invest- eastern neighbours, agricultural policy, ments, and environmental protection. and environmental and energy policy. That discrepancy is manifested, among An important area of growing diver- other things, in contradictory politi-

gence in the implementation of the PCD cal decisions whether competing in the is trade and investment policy and the international arena contributes to the associated transport policy. weakening of the development objec- Major factors limiting actions toward tives of the EaP, and thus hampers eco- Katarzyna Jarecka-Stępień policy coherence for development in nomic growth and poverty reduction. At Poland include a lack of strategy for its the same time, the lack of cooperation enterprises) and the planning and man- implementation, lack of specific insti- on the regional level, lack of coherent agement of economic development pro- tutional and sectoral mechanisms of actions and a set common direction cesses. In addition, support is spent on PCD, and lack of tools for monitoring of impact reduces the level of stable

activities and special economic zones to implementation. At the same time, we development and security of the donor attract foreign investment and to pri- should be aware that the lack of con- countries, which in turn contributes to vatise the economy. An equally impor- sensus on Polish foreign policy among a crisis of public confidence in those tant role in the implementation of the the major political parties – in this countries. programme of Polish aid in EaP is particular region – is not conducive to Cooperation at the regional level is played by educational initiatives which the coherence of Polish policy for devel- particularly important due to the fact promote knowledge of the free market opment in the context of Eastern policy. that often the chosen direction of politi- economy and activation of rural com- The lack of consensus in the basic prin- cal activities is dictated by the primacy munities. ciples of Eastern policy apparent in the of the European Union. In many areas Polish political arena does not facilitate relevant to the Eastern Partnership

Which policy areas suffer the most the process of formulating goals and countries, the Union has exclusive

prípustné farebné varianty varianty varianty varianty farebné farebné farebné farebné prípustné prípustné prípustné prípustné

by policyvarianty incoherencefarebné in V4 coun- interestsprípustné to the whole region and, con- competence and its level of ability to

tries regarding development objec- sequently, is not conducive to the imple- influence the region remains very high. logotyp organizácie organizácie organizácie organizácie logotyp logotyp logotyp logotyp tives for EaP region ?organizácie What are the logotyp mentation of the objectives of PCD. Nevertheless, it must be remembered main factors that prevent policy that Member States have an impact coherence ? To what extent do differing eco- on EU policy in every field, because it Despite the fact that the EaP countries nomic interests of the v4 countries results from the decision making pro- are key recipients of Polish development interfere with development goals cess within the Community. At the same aid, many factors make it difficult to for the EaP region ? time there are areas such as devel- develop a policy coherence for develop- The Eastern European region is of opment policy or migration, which – ment. This is often due to the fact that particular importance from the point although subject to coordination at the in many cases the interests of Poland of view of PCD for at least two rea- EU level – to a large extent depend on and Eastern Partnership countries may sons. Firstly, the countries of Eastern the decisions of individual EU members, simply vary. There are signs that even Europe are among the priority recipi- including Poland.

The conference was co-funded by the Official Development Assistance of the Slovak Republic – SlovakAid, the European Commission, the United Nations Development Programme and the International Visegrad Fund.

8 Pontis Digest | 2015–5