● Union files lawsuit against Pathways larıon CNewspaper of the professional Staff Congress / City University of New York April 2012 Details on page 7.

not academic Wal-Mart, Exxon and...Elsevier? The American Legislative Exchange Council works behind the scenes for right-wing state legislation. Few know that the academic publishing company Elsevier is a leading member. Page 11

anders, Pat Arnow, Pat Arnow, Pat Arnow, Pat Arnow Faculty Rights ave S Under attack at the New Community College anders, Pat Arnow, D Five months before the school is slat- ave S ed to open its doors, the majority of the New Community College’s origi- anders, D nal founding faculty have resigned ave S or been fired. Page 4 Photos clockwise from top left: D speaking out Tier 6 vs. Pathways Pension deal harms Opposition to Pathways has mushroomed across CUNY this semester. As Clarion went to press, a petition future CUNY workers calling for Pathways to be repealed and replaced had drawn more than 4,100 signatures – and the number Albany approved a new pension tier was still climbing. On March 8, nearly 350 faculty, staff and students gathered for a Town Hall Meeting on for future public employees that makes Pathways organized by the PSC. Shown above (clockwise from top left) are Nicole Falade, City Tech; Alex it harder to attract top-notch talent to Wolf, BCC; Stephen Jablonsky, CCNY; Amir Khafagy, student at LaGuardia; Nivedita Majumdar, John Jay; CUNY. The new Tier 6 is especially Hollis Glaser, BMCC; Glenn Petersen, Baruch; Kelly Anderson, Hunter. Pages 6-9, 16 bad news for part-timers. Page 2

American Association of University Professors ● American Federation of Teachers ● N.Y.C. Central Labor Council ● N.Y.S. AFL-CIO ● New York State United Teachers 2 News & Lettersletters Clarion | April 2012 If you’ve just Harsh new pension law approved joined TRS... By PETER HOGNESS campaign to urge adjunct members Adjuncts who signed up to join TRS Tier 6 slams future workers to sign up before April 1. shortly before April 1, but who have The final text of Gov. Andrew Cuo- The union first sounded the alarm not yet submitted a beneficiary form, mo’s bill to slash public worker pen- laborers to put up and shut up.” ees or current members of a pension for adjuncts last fall, with articles proof of date of birth (copy of birth sions was posted online on March Corporate interests, on the other plan cannot be reduced. Full-time on Gov. Cuomo’s proposed pension certificate or passport), and their 15 – at 3:00 in the morning. Around hand, were very pleased. “The busi- employees at CUNY are required to reductions. “If you are not already letter of appointment, must not miss 5:30 am, the voting began. More ness community is encouraged that join a pension system within 30 days a TRS member, sign up immediately the April 30 deadline for those docu- than two hours later, after enough New York State is acting responsi- of being hired, so current full-timers so you can lock in current pension ments. If you do, your TRS enrollment arms were twisted, the bill passed bly,” said Kathryn Wylde, head of at CUNY will not have their benefits terms,” an article in the November will not take effect. (See psc-cuny.org/ by a vote of 93 to 45. the Partnership for New York City, cut. Full-time CUNY employees hired Clarion advised adjunct members. TRS-April-30-documents for more.) “All of this, of course, happened in which describes itself as “a select after April 1 will fall under the When Tier 6 was ap - the dead of night while most people group of 200 CEOs from New York new, inferior terms of Tier 6. Adjuncts proved in mid-March, the were fast asleep,” wrote Rick Karlin City’s top corporate, investment Cutting pensions for new will be PSC spread the word with CUNY for over a dozen years. “I of the Albany Times Union. “This is, and entrepreneurial firms.” Multi- hires “will hurt CUNY’s abil- renewed urgency. By post- got my stamped receipt on the spot, ironically, Sunshine Week, which is million-dollar pensions are common ity to rebuild the full-time especially card, by e-mail and in per- proof of the date of my enrollment.” supposed to be a celebration of open- among the Partnership’s members. faculty, a project that was just hard-hit. son, union staff and adjunct Perhaps the worst thing about ness in government. “ gaining momentum,” noted activists put out alerts. The Tier 6 for CUNY adjuncts is that it “The passage of Tier 6 had every- impact on cuny Bowen. goal was to encourage as many un- increases the vesting period – the thing to do with political ambition “Tier 6 will hit CUNY especially For adjuncts, membership in a enrolled members as possible to period needed to qualify for a pen- and an ideological agenda of pro- hard,” said Bowen. “It’s disastrous pension plan is optional. Since ma- fill out the necessary forms before sion – from five to ten years of total tecting the rich,” said PSC President for part-timers, and will make it ny survive on low pay, it’s common April 1, and hand-deliver them to credited service. Since it takes ad- Barbara Bowen. “It had nothing to harder for the University to attract for adjuncts to put off joining the TRS headquarters on Water Street, juncts longer to build up a full year do with solving New York State’s im- the best full-time faculty and staff in Teachers Retirement System (TRS), to ensure timely processing. “It was of credited service, CUNY adjuncts mediate budget shortfall.” No signifi- national searches.” which is adjuncts’ sole pension op- well worth the trip,” said Shirley who want to join TRS in the future cant savings will occur for more than Under New York’s constitution, tion. With Tier 6 set to take effect Frank, an adjunct assistant profes- will not qualify for benefits until they a decade. Like other unions, the PSC pension benefits for current retir- April 1, the PSC quickly launched a sor of English who has worked at have worked for CUNY for 20 years or pointed out more money could have more. “This effectively means an end been raised, and far sooner, through to new pensions for CUNY adjuncts,” progressive tax reform. said PSC First Vice President Steve “Women and people of color have London. “To shut down new pensions long relied on public employment for the faculty who teach half of all when employment in the private sec- CUNY classes is outrageous – but tor was closed to them,” Bowen said. that’s what Albany has done.” “As an attack on the pay and retire- ment security of public employees, CONSEQUENCES Tier 6 is racist and sexist.” London noted that few legislators “Those who chose this path are had read the final text of the bill requiring the 99% to pay for the sins before voting at dawn on March 15. of the 1%,” said Richard Iannuzzi, “It’s hard to believe that the governor president of New York State United and legislature would be so heartless Teachers (NYSUT), the PSC’s state that they intended this to happen,” he affiliate. Danny Donohue, head of said. “We’ve begun to discuss repair- the Civil Service Employees Asso- ing some of the consequences of this ciation (CSEA), agreed: “This deal is agalhaes legislation, and we hope that people in about politicians standing with...the Albany will be open to reason.”

wealthiest New Yorkers to give them M Amanda Among the other key Tier 6 chang- a better break while telling nurses, From left: David Rozen, legislative counsel to State Sen. Michael Gianaris, meeting with Eileen Moran, Iris DeLutro, Arthurine es for those who join TRS after April 1, bus drivers, teachers, secretaries and DeSola and Ron Hayduk of the PSC. Sen. Gianaris opposed the Tier 6 proposal. are calculating final average sal- ary over the last five years instead of three, and reducing the “pension multiplier” used to calculate the re- Write to: Clarion/PSC, 61 Broadway, 15th Floor, New York, NY 10006. Letters to the editor | E-mail: [email protected]. Fax: (212) 302-7815. tirement benefit. The latter change reduces the annual retirement benefit for a 30-year employee by close to 10%. For those covered by Tier 6 in both TRS and TIAA-CREF (the largest plan under the Optional Pathways: 80th Street control of your dept. Retirement Program for CUNY full-timers), the new rules raise ● One relatively neglected aspect the following sentence: “Submis- May Day and you re-embrace May Day. We’ve been a the basic retirement age to 63 and of Pathways is the administra- sion of this form to the Course visible and a vocal presence at the increase required employee contri- tive takeover of the initial courses Review Committee is unrelated to ● We can make May Day 2012 May Day rallies and marches of 2010 butions, which now start at 3% for for each transfer major. The fifth college governance procedures for something huge! For the first time, and 2011. Yet, we have never turned those earning $45,000 or less, ris- “resolved” statement of the CUNY course approvals.” it looks as if labor, community, im- out even 1% of our membership. ing to 6% above $100,000. Employee trustees’ Pathways resolution Disciplinary transfer major com- migrant, Occupy Wall Street and That should be our minimum contributions will continue after 10 (tinyurl.com/BoT-Path) says that mittees have already been formed established political groups will co- turnout goal for 2012. This isn’t a years of service credit, instead of be- the chancellor will appoint commit- for Biology, Business, Criminal Jus- alesce around a single event, a late staff job; it’s a job for us as campus ing taken over by the employer as tees to “recommend for approval to tice, English, Nursing, Psychology, afternoon march from Union Square activists, as union members. Please is the case for employees in earlier the University Office of Academic and Teacher Education. They are to to Foley Square, past the African volunteer to work out a mobiliza- pension tiers. Affairs no fewer than three and no report their recommendations to the Burial Ground and on down to Wall tion plan for your campus, to talk Public-sector unions across New more than six courses that will be Office of Academic Affairs by May 1. Street. All participating groups up May Day, its history and impor- York said that the Tier 6 vote would accepted as entry-level courses for If approved by Vice Chancellor have endorsed the slogan, “Legal- tance, and to get commitments from have a profound effect on the choic- beginning the major, or as prerequi- Alexandra Logue, the recommen- ize! Organize! Unionize!” colleagues and students to show up es they make in the fall elections. “If sites for such courses, by all colleges dations are to become mandatory A single march solves nothing at Union Square at 4:00 pm on the anyone is unclear where we stand, offering those majors.” on relevant departments and col- and proves little in and of itself, but first day of May. they’ll get the message on election The words “will be” and “all col- leges. It is perhaps unnecessary to it’s an opportunity for the members Jim Perlstein night,” said the state branch of AF- leges” attempt to eliminate any role note that this totally removes any of New York’s working class in all Chair, Retiree Chapter; SCME. And there were a few signs for college departments and college elected faculty voice from the deter- their diversity to see, to greet, to be- Co-Chair, PSC Solidarity Committee that the political impact might ex- senates in course approval. mination of required introductory come aware of one another, and to tend beyond November. “The PSC’s The CUNY Common Course courses in these majors. begin to feel their enormous power. Editor’s note: Those interested can advocacy of direct action by the la- submission form to the Pathways Manfred Philipp The PSC has had a significant role contact Jim Perlstein at jperlstein@ bor movement is getting new inter- Course Review Committee includes Lehman College in encouraging organized labor to pscmail.org. est,” commented London. Clarion | April 2012 news 3 Contract Fighting for CUNY CC’s update By BARBARA BOWEN PSC President By JOHN TARLETON munity college students at CUNY. PSC urges City to boost funds CUNY launched ASAP in Fall In the urgency of responding to Mayor Michael Bloomberg’s pre- 2007 to provide a full range of sup- Pathways, it might be easy to lose liminary budget for 2012-13 proposes to get to class on time,” said Judy To address those needs – or, port to a select group of students, sight of another urgent union issue $250.5 million in City funding for Barbanel, a professor who teaches as Fuller put it, “to stick up for in an attempt to boost three-year – negotiating a new contract. But the CUNY. That amount holds communi- developmental studies at QCC. “In our students” – the PSC is asking graduation rates at community PSC leadership continues to focus ty college base aid at the same level as my department we try to help the Council to support colleges. ASAP students enjoy intently on contract negotiations. this year – but without the inflation- students who can’t afford their ‘We don’t the following additional smaller class sizes, comprehensive ● There is still no economic offer ary adjustments requested by CUNY. textbooks by giving them other accept changes to the mayor’s advisement and career develop- from CUNY, and the economic offers Bloomberg’s budget would also zero options such as renting books or proposed budget: ment services, as well as financial made to other public-sector unions in out City support for programs like the having reading material on re- that CUNY l Include $4.6 million, as assistance including tuition waivers New York State and New York City the Vallone Scholarships, the Murphy serve. We have to make college has to recommended by CUNY, to (for financial-aid-eligible students), remain punitive: They call for wage Institute for Worker Education and accessible.” be poor.’ hire full-time faculty and free textbooks and monthly Metro- freezes, increased health care costs, others that the City Council has sup- Joyce Moorman, a professor expand student services, Cards. The original cohort of 1,132 furloughs and other givebacks. That ported in the past. of music at BMCC, described stu- including academic tutoring, career students saw a three-year gradua- is not the kind of “offer” we want. “While we are in a better start - dents who worked, cared for family counseling and mental health ser- tion rate of 55%, more than triple the ● Working in Albany and City ing place than last year, this would members and went to school but vices. (In 2007, the PSC found that national three-year graduation rate Hall, the PSC is challenging the still leave CUNY in a hole,” said PSC lacked the money for items like eye- CUNY community colleges had only at urban community colleges. claim that “New York is broke” First Vice President Steve London. glasses so they could read what she one licensed mental health counselor “ASAP has proven what is pos- and “can’t afford” decent contracts. “Our students will continue to suf- was writing on the blackboard. “My for every 2,236 students. This prob- sible,” Bowen told the hearing. New York is not broke; the shortfall fer if we don’t increase City funding students have to work,” she said, lem has only grown more acute since “We cannot look at ASAP’s results of revenue and the attack on public of CUNY’s community colleges.” “many of them at full-time jobs. then, with soaring enrollment and without wanting the same level of workers are the result of policy deci- The mayor’s proposal fails to This means they come to school years of budget cuts.) attention for all community college sions – and policies can be changed. include $8.2 million for mandatory tired, with family issues, with lots l Restore $11 million to the students.” ● The union bargaining team also cost increases. Simply to main- of personal stress.” Vallone Scholarships and $4 mil- understands that CUNY faculty and tain CUNY’s basic functions – for lion to the Safety Net financial aid fair share staff cannot wait forever for a new example, to ensure that CUNY’s tuition increases program. Bowen noted that the price tag contract. We are prepared to begin classrooms have heat this winter CUNY’s trend toward higher l Provide full funding for pro- for a full expansion of ASAP could economic bargaining the moment it – more funds are needed. The PSC tuition, and increased reliance on grams that the Council has sup- cost up to $300 million per year, is strategic to do so. is also making the case for modest student tuition dollars, has disas- ported in the past, including the but said this kind of money could ● The union continues to make additional support to cover growing trous effects on students who live Murphy Institute for Worker be raised by closing tax loopholes progress in noneconomic talks enrollment and repair the effects of this close to the economic edge, Education and Labor Studies, the and other measures to make sure with CUNY management. Among decades of past disinvestment. Bowen testified. “Tuition has grown Center for Puerto Rican Studies, the richest 1% pay their fair share. the issues under discussion is the to 42% of total community college Dominican Studies Institute, and “What incredible rewards for these formation of a “bank” of sick days, underfunding funding – that’s double the percent- Creative Arts Team as well as the students, their families, communi- to which members could contrib- “We don’t accept that CUNY has age 20 years ago,” she said. CUNY Black Male Initiative and the Young ties and the city at large would be ute and on which they could draw to be poor,” PSC President Bar- raised tuition twice last year – $150 Men’s Initiative. reaped if the city made this invest- in times of serious and protracted bara Bowen testified at a March 9 last spring and $300 in the fall. Our l Move toward expanding ment,” Bowen said. illness. City Council hearing. Bowen was community college’s tuition and fees CUNY’s successful Accelerated ● Clarion will provide updates on joined at the hearing, held by the are now 130% of the national aver- Study in Associate Programs To participate in “CUNY at the the contract as talks develop. And Council’s Higher Education Com- age – despite the fact that our com- (ASAP) from the cohort of commu- Council” on Wednesday May 2, con- as always, the bargaining team will mittee, by faculty from three com- munity college students are among nity college students it currently tact Amanda Magalhaes at amagal- need your support when we enter munity colleges. the poorest in the country.” serves to all 96,000 current com- [email protected] or 212-354-1252. into intense economic negotiations. Other PSC panelists described the accumulated effects of under- funding on CUNY’s community colleges – especially on the 46% of students who come from households Inside the State Capitol for higher education with annual incomes below $20,000. Karla Fuller, an assistant profes- sor of biology, described teaching As Clarion went to press, the New a class at BMCC with 29 students York Senate and Assembly were in a classroom that seated only 15. moving toward passage of an on- “With 29 students crammed in – time budget, expected to include some in desks, some on the floor – some additional support for CUNY. I’m usually teaching standing in the The final budget was likely to pro- doorway,” she said. The room they vide for an increase in State base use for lab sessions has only 24 sta- aid for CUNY community colleges tions, so five students are unable of $150 per full-time equivalent to do their own experiments. “You (FTE) student, bringing the total can’t expect them to succeed and to $2,272 per FTE. be a beacon for CUNY students of The PSC welcomed the antici- the future under these conditions,” pated increase, though it fell short Fuller told Council members. of the union’s request to restore community college base aid to its student hardships 2008-09 level, adjusted for inflation, Fuller is now a member of the an increase of $685 per FTE. faculty at CUNY’s New Commu- The governor’s budget propos- nity College, slated to welcome its al had maintained current levels first students this Fall. “We know of State support for CUNY with - what will help students to graduate out cuts for the first time in three on time and at a higher level of aca- years, and included funding for demic skill,” said Fuller. “But…our mandatory cost increases. That colleagues throughout CUNY can’t included funding for health in - succeed without funding to lower surance for eligible adjuncts, and class size.” this is maintained in the current “Our students come from families budget agreement. For updates who find it hard to put together the on the budget’s final passage,

money for tuition – not to mention Pat Arnow check psc-cuny.org. books or the bus fare they need CUNY and SUNY supporters rally inside the State Capitol on March 14, exerting grassroots pressure for a funding increase. – CLARION STAFF 4 News Clarion | April 2012 How the ‘Fear & intimidation’ at NCC NCC began By JOHN TARLETON & PETER HOGNESS Heavy hand of admin at New Comm. College CUNY’s New Community College Five months before CUNY’s New began taking shape in 2008, when Community College (NCC) is CUNY administrators developed a scheduled to welcome its first class “concept paper” for the NCC. It was of students, the school has been de- to be “a new institution – one that moralized by deep conflicts between is singularly focused on the need to faculty and administration. Of the dramatically increase graduation college’s seven original founding rates.” Toward that end, the NCC faculty members, three have re- would offer “a tightly designed and signed, one was abruptly fired, and highly structured associate degree most were given disciplinary letters pathway,” with a limited choice of due to opinions they expressed in a majors. Students would be required report on curriculum development. to attend full-time, at least for the The PSC has filed three class- first year; remedial work would action grievances on behalf of NCC be integrated with the rest of an instructional staff. One seeks re- interdisciplinary curriculum; stu- moval of the disciplinary letters and dent peer advisors would play key reinstatement of the faculty member roles. Less time would be spent in who was fired. The second charges “introductory courses designed to the college with creating an exces- provide broad introductions to the sive workload, in violation of the con- liberal arts and sciences.” tract. The third challenges the NCC’s Dozens of faculty members vol- refusal to hold a labor-management unteered to get involved, seeing meeting, as the contract requires. the NCC as a chance to help CUNY Planning for the NCC began in students solve difficult, persistent 2008 (see sidebar), and accelerated in problems. “Among young women 2010 when its first faculty members of color at BMCC…there is only one were hired. Both current and former sophomore for every five freshmen,” anders NCC faculty told Clarion they were one said in 2009. “CUNY needs to ave S ave excited by the prospect of building a D serve these students better, and this new school from scratch, using inno- Emily Schnee, an assistant professor of English, resigned from the New Community College in November and returned to new college gives us the opportuni- vative practices to help community her former position at Kingsborough Community College. Above, Schnee works with a student in her class at KCC. ty to try new ways of doing that.” college students achieve greater aca- (See tinyurl.com/NCCdebate.) demic success. “These are the roots of the con- even co-creation of knowledge, but Work Ahead,” with which many fac- That promise, they now say, is tract violations we’ve seen at the are concerned about the pedagogi- ulty strongly disagreed. The union governance plan? not being fulfilled. “The rhetoric NCC,” London said. “We believe cal impacts of numerous non-faculty says that this directive violates the Other CUNY faculty were critical around a new educational model these problems can be resolved – voices.” Clarifying these issues is contract; for example, the memo’s im- of the NCC project, starting with the has been used as a means for the if there is a will to do so.” But as essential to further progress, the position of “mandatory assignments failure to involve elected faculty administration to usurp traditional Clarion went to press at the end of report concluded. during annual leave period [in] 2012” bodies, such as the University Fac- faculty roles and responsibilities,” March, a resolution did not appear “That was viewed as dissent,” creates an excessive workload, a PSC ulty Senate or the PSC, in its design. said Emily Schnee, an assistant to be close at hand. Schnee told Clarion. In fact, it was grievance contends. (See tinyurl.com/NCCcritique.) professor of English who resigned viewed as a punishable offense. On As elsewhere at CUNY, junior They questioned whether the NCC’s from the school in November and punished for views November 21, NCC President Scott faculty at the NCC are contractu- curriculum would be too narrowly returned to her former position at Several of management’s hostile Evenbeck wrote disciplinary let- ally entitled to reassigned time for “vocational,” and voiced concern Kingsborough Community College. actions towards faculty came in ters for the personnel files of most scholarly work. But they were told about faculty authority in a school Bill Rosenthal, an associate pro- response to a report that original of the faculty members who signed that this year, the only time they without a department structure or fessor of mathematics, says that for founding NCC faculty submitted the report. The letters spe- can take for that purpose a clear governance plan. him, “the dream became a night- on September 2 to CUNY’s Office of cifically criticized them for Most of the is on Mondays – even The range of faculty opinions mare.” Hired in September 2010, Academic Affairs (OAA), a status the views expressed in the original when that time falls on a that greeted the plans for the NCC Rosenthal was fired from the NCC report on curriculum development. report, asserting that this legal holiday. was captured in a Clarion feature last December 2. He was given two Building an interdisciplinary cur- reflected poor professional faculty Workload has been a in 2009, available online at tinyurl. hours to clean out his desk. riculum, the report emphasized, re- judgment. Like all faculty have left. sore point for NCC faculty com/NCCdebate. – PH In reporting for this article, quires time. “Even at a progressive hired to work full-time at the in many ways. “There’s a Clarion spoke with more than half and innovative institution such as NCC, those who received the letters persistent lack of respect for the ex- of all current or former faculty at the NCC, there seems to be a tenden- are untenured. pertise and time it takes to organize ment around issues of importance the NCC. All current NCC employ- cy to view the need for substantial, “How else can you turn a concept this school in a different way,” said to the college,” and acting “inap- ees asked not to be identified, citing dedicated faculty time for curricu- into a reality unless you can ask one current faculty member. “This propriately and unprofessionally fears of retaliation. lum development as subordinate to questions about details that come college is supposed to be based on a at NCC meetings.” Among Rosen- other aspects of the work,” it stated. up along the way?” asked Steve Co- really innovative way of teaching, thal’s transgressions, Evenbeck ex- unilateral “As 2011 proceeded, this dedicated sares, who received a letter and was and that’s why I’m working there. plained, was that the professor had “These are people who fell in love time was subject to steady, signifi- shocked by the administration’s re- But they want to support it even less written a “vitriolic memorandum” with the idea of the New Community cant erosion.” action. Cosares left the NCC project than they do traditional teaching.” criticizing the president’s workload College, and they arrived with an ex- It was unclear, the report said, to take an associate professor posi- Many NCC faculty thought Even- memo of November 9. traordinary level of commitment,” whether this was “a one-time conse- tion in the math department at La- beck’s workload memo was off-base, “It was terrifying,” said an NCC said PSC President Barbara Bowen. quence of having only seven faculty Guardia CC in the Spring semester. and Bill Rosenthal was among the faculty member. “It was done in a “CUNY should be honoring them, not members on hand to do the work most outspoken. On December 2, the way that is completely unthinkable crushing them.” of at least twice that many” – or workload NCC president gave his response. in almost any corporate or non- “The NCC administration has act- whether it instead reflected “an in- Other issues at the NCC included He called Rosenthal into his office, profit setting. He was publicly hu- ed in a high-handed manner, attempt- stitutional culture that will continue how the school’s Group Workspace, fired him for “insubordination” and miliated and thrown out.” ing to set policy unilaterally,” PSC to treat the time we know we need conceived as a regular base for aca- other offenses, and gave him until “It’s a huge blow,” said another per- First Vice President Steve London as a negotiable commodity. The next demic support, should function, and 5:00 pm to hand in his keys. “It was son who works at the NCC. “People told Clarion. “They emphasize what few months should tell.” how much time should be devoted to surreal,” Rosenthal recalled. “I are still trying to pick up the pieces.” they call a ‘collaborative and colle- The report also posed questions developing students’ academic liter- couldn’t believe it was happening.” “In an academic environment,” gial’ approach – which sounds good, about where responsibility should acy skills. But open discussion was Minutes later, Evenbeck e-mailed asked Cosares, “what does it mean but unfortunately they interpret it lie for the development of curricu- not encouraged. “Differing opinions a message to the entire NCC com- to be ‘insubordinate’? And what to mean that they can tell faculty lum. Inclusion of staff beyond the over how to achieve student success munity announcing the firing and does it mean to be subordinate?” members to do whatever the admin- faculty is important, it said, but so became, ‘Oh, you don’t support the denouncing Rosenthal’s work. A few hours after Rosenthal’s istration wants.” The NCC’s lack of is recognition of faculty members’ collaborative model,’” said Schnee. He accused Rosenthal of “acts of dismissal, PSC President Barbara departments and lack of a tenured particular roles. “Most faculty see The disciplinary letters were pre- insubordination and conduct in- Bowen sent her own e-mail to fac- faculty, London added, create prob- the benefit of sharing ideas, draw- ceded by a November 9 memo from consistent with the collaborative ulty and staff at the NCC. “There is lems for effective governance. ing on different perspectives and Evenbeck titled “Expectations for the model,” “a lack of professional judg- continued on page 12 Clarion | April 2012 News 5 Petition for equity at City Tech By JOHN TARLETON to the rest of the department, the work goes quickly. “Within 20 min- When the New York City College of Profs: Three extra credit-hours unfair utes, you get all these signatures,” Technology became a senior college Lansiquot says. in 1980, Ronald Reagan was running Harris, who with her team has for his first term as president and gotten signatures from all the full- Soviet forces had just arrived in Af- time faculty in her own department, ghanistan. The Internet lay in the follows a similar approach. She told future, and if you wanted to turn off Clarion she e-mails department your television set, you had to get up chairs to ask permission to come by off the couch. department events. She also urges While the world has changed a the department chair to send around great deal since then, one constant an e-mail letting people in the de- has been City Tech’s requirement partment know she will be on hand that its faculty teach more credit- to gather signatures. hours per year – currently 24 – than the faculty at other CUNY senior persistence pays colleges, where the teaching load is “A lot of it is keeping on people 21 hours. through e-mail,” says Harris who also takes care of contacting faculty Inequity members who are on sabbatical and Before 1980, City Tech was a com- arranging to meet them when they munity college. It has now been are on campus.

granting bachelor’s degrees for anders Most of the petition activists, like more than 30 years, and the num- Harris and Lansiquot, are newer ave S ave ber of its graduates earning BA or D faculty members who came to City BS degrees has steadily climbed. In Members of the City Tech chapter plan the next phase of a petition drive to reduce their teaching load. Tech within the past decade as the the last decade, the teaching load at school moved aggressively to bol- City Tech has been reduced from 27 urges City Tech President Rus- the semester. The union chapter is an assistant professor of English ster the ranks of its full-time faculty. credit-hours through collective bar- sell Hotzler to put an item in next organizing methodically to do this: who has garnered more than 60 sig- They say workload equity would al- gaining, reaching 24 hours in 2006. year’s budget request that Harris and other members natures, mostly from departments low them to spend more time help- But since then, CUNY management would provide the funds to Reaching of the chapter’s executive outside her own. ing their students as well as give has said it can’t afford to eliminate bring the City Tech faculty out to committee are working In her visits to other depart- them the additional time they need the remaining inequity. workload into line with other with teams of four people ments, from Nursing to Hospital- to sustain their scholarship. They Carole Harris, an assistant pro- senior colleges. colleagues each. They have fanned ity Management, Lansiquot says are determined to not have their fessor of English at the college, The goal, says PSC Chap- in other out through the college’s she has found that other faculty careers at City Tech plagued by the says that’s unacceptable. “It’s the ter Chair Bob Cermele, is to departments 30 departments, gathering members are willing to help. “I double standard on faculty teach- most burning issue on our campus,” get as many of City Tech’s signatures while discuss- say, ‘Have you signed this?’ and I ing load that has existed there for says Harris, who has spearheaded approximately 400 full-time faculty ing union issues. don’t have to persuade them. They so long. a petition drive by the PSC chapter as possible to sign the petition and One of the most active participants always offer to take me around.” “It’s a question of justice,” says in support of reform. The petition present it to Hotzler by the end of in the campaign is Reneta Lansiquot, And with someone to introduce her Harris. Reporting Security guards at teach-ins? surveillance By JOHN TARLETON ways and at the elevated bridge Hunter chapter speaks out between campus buildings. Along By BILL FRIEDHEIM Hunter College faculty, staff and with restrictions on campus access PSC Academic Freedom Committee students are criticizing the campus President Barbara Bowen was ad - John Rose, a Hunter dean, insist- and headlines about NYPD surveil- administration for its use of campus mitted without a problem, but a se- ed there was no policy of excluding lance of Muslim students, she said, Is big brother watching at CUNY? security at a pair of union-sponsored curity guard told her that he had off-campus attendance at the fo- this contributes to a lockdown at- Is campus surveillance threaten- teach-ins on the future of higher been instructed by his supervisor rum. “The teach-in was treated as mosphere that harms the college. ing academic inquiry, free speech, education. not to let people from off-campus any other such event,” Rose said. On March 7, the Hunter PSC free assembly, the right to privacy Security personnel were sta- attend the event. “We followed our normal protocol Chapter unanimously approved and/or academic freedom? Three tioned outside union teach-ins on Though those who had trouble with respect to people who do a resolution objecting to recent incidents raise these ques- November 17 and March 1, and a getting in were eventually admit- not have [Hunter ID], which Restricting the administration’s han- tions: surveillance of Muslim stu- uniformed security officer was sta- ted, PSC members said the initial is to enquire as to who they access dling of the November and dent associations at CUNY by the tioned inside the room during the exclusion was troubling. “A univer- are and what their purpose for those March teach-ins. Assign- NYPD (tinyurl.com/NYPD-Muslim- November event. sity is supposed to be a place where is.” On the use of security ing security guards to students); a case of confiscation of we have open discussions,” said guards, Rose said, “It is not from off- union events “serves to employee hard drives by CUNY open space Michael Lewis, associate professor uncommon at Hunter when campus chill free speech,” it said, investigators (tinyurl.com/com- “It was strange, unusual and un- at the Hunter Silberman School of there is a large event to post “as well as interfere with puter-Kramer); and the stationing called for,” said Tom Angotti, vice Social Work, who spoke at the teach- a member of Public Safety in prox- the life of our union.” of uniformed security officers at chair of the Hunter PSC chapter. in. “People from outside [the college] imity to the event, but outside the Sándor John, a member of the teach-ins sponsored by the Hunter Angotti noted that there was no have things to contribute.” meeting room.” Hunter PSC executive committee, College PSC chapter in November prior communication by campus of- Lewis noted that since the Silber- told Clarion that the chapter will and March (see article at left). ficials with the event’s organizers. man School of Social Work moved students speak out pursue Freedom of Information re- Is a pattern developing? The Aca- “If there were truly a security prob- into its new building on 119th Street “Hunter College is no longer an quests on communications between demic Freedom Committee of the lem, we would want to know about last year, it has opened the space to open campus,” commented Jenady the college administration and Visi- PSC is collecting information on it,” Angotti said. “Since I can’t think the community. “We try to teach Garshofsky, who spoke at the teach- tors Center personnel, as well as to this subject. If you have witnessed of any good security reason for do- and learn and be partners with the in and who is the editor of The En- find out more about NYPD surveil- or experienced incidents of surveil- ing this, it becomes intimidating for people of East Harlem,” he said. voy, the Hunter student newspaper. lance of Muslim student groups or lance or intimidation on campus, them to be there.” Angotti told Clarion that 60 to 80 Garshofsky and Envoy writer Tif- other student clubs at Hunter. take a few minutes to report it (with At the campus Visitors Center, people attended the three-hour teach- fany Huan criticized the growth of a Overuse of campus security “is confidentiality) to the committee, by some people interested in attend- in, where topics included the effects “security culture” on campus. Huan an interference with the rights of e-mail at academicfreedom@pscmail. ing the March teach-in were told of budget cuts, tuition increases, de- cited increased – and in her view our union chapter,” John said of the org, or by postal mail to: Academic they could not because they were teriorating working conditions and unnecessary – patrols by campus administration’s actions. “If it’s not Freedom Committee, PSC, 61 Broad- not affiliated with Hunter. PSC university struggles abroad. security officers in Hunter’s hall- stopped, it will have a chilling effect.” way, 15th floor, New York, NY 10006. 6 News Clarion | April 2012 Town Hall Meeting draws hundreds

Nearly 350 faculty, staff and stu- enroll at Brooklyn College this fall, majority of the faculty are in favor dents attended the PSC’s Town Call to repeal Pathways argued that Pathways sells CUNY of Pathways and in favor of what it Hall Meeting on Pathways, CUNY’s students short. “The path to suc- stands for. This petition drive shows top-down overhaul of general edu- cess is difficult, full of obstacles, that that is not true.” cation and transfer. After opening full of challenges, the toughest Saavik Ford, associate professor presentations, about 30 people spoke terrain and dangerous situations,” of astronomy at BMCC, spoke from during an hour-long open mic, criti- Henderson declared. “But it’s how the perspective of the classroom. cizing Pathways and demanding an you’ll become victorious, versus a “Pathways, with its three-credit, alternative. path that has no obstacles, no chal- three-hour science requirement, “The claims of Pathways are lenges, no situations that test the cannot provide anything but a sub- false, the method of its imposition on ability of the self.” standard education,” said Ford. Un- us is a direct attack on faculty gov- der Pathways, “we are given only ernance and its effect on students student support three hours with our students” – will be disastrous,” said PSC Presi- Many students enter CUNY with- and that is simply not enough time. dent Barbara Bowen. Pathways “is out enough preparation for college, Lab sessions “are really a form of an austerity education, preparing said Henderson – and like him, supervised practice, [and] the time our students for low expectations,” many have taken remedial they take cannot be short- said Bowen – and students as classes to close those gaps. Seeking an ened,” Ford explained. well as faculty and staff find that In the face of “violence and alternative “Nor can we cut regular unacceptable. crime, police brutality, and class hours, which are economic turmoil,” he said, on transfer used to introduce, process not just a repeal “it is our eagerness to learn problems and decipher the findings “We are not powerless. That’s that keeps us strong.” But that our students make why we have a union, that’s why Pathways, he said, “is something in the lab.” To stunt the role of lab we’re here together,” Bowen said to that will hurt us. It will not give us classes, said Ford, “is to leave our loud applause. “We do not have to the value of education that we need students disenfranchised as citi- say, ‘Okay, we hate it, but it’s done.’… in order to deal with the real world.” zens of the future.” This is a fight we can win.” Henderson thanked CUNY facul- During the hour-long open mic, anders The union’s campaign for an al- ty and staff for demanding a higher- close to 30 people took the floor ave S ave ternative to Pathways includes a pe- D quality alternative to Pathways. “As (see below). It was a chance for tition drive (see pages 8-9), a lawsuit Judy Barbanel (front left), PSC chapter chair at QCC, applauds during the Town long as I am a student here in the CUNY faculty, staff and students and a possible protest at an April 30 Hall Meeting on Pathways on March 8. CUNY system, I will stand alongside to speak with each other about meeting of the Board of Trustees. you.” Together, Henderson declared, the impact of Pathways, and how “If we haven’t seen any move - At SUNY and CSU, she explained, students who need that fourth credit “we will be such an insurmountable to put an alternative in its place. ment from CUNY, we may need to “small groups of faculty from senior of English that they’re not going to force that the chancellery will have When the meeting adjourned, the be there in person at the Board of and community colleges, who have get; they’re the students who need to stand and listen.” large room buzzed with conversa- Trustees meeting,” Bowen told the the largest transfer rates amongst the college algebra course that is Manfred Philipp, professor of tion. As faculty, staff and students crowd. “We’ve seen before that our and between them, [met] in their reasonably rigorous that they haven’t chemistry and PSC chapter chair headed out the door, they picked up presence can change the outcomes discipline groups and interdisci- gotten in high school,” he told the at Lehman, spoke after Henderson. hundreds of copies of the petition – and we may need to be there on plinary groups to come up with crowd. “I think it’s a fundamental, The response to the PSC petition to take back to their campuses. By April 30.” an understanding of what range ultimate educational disaster and I for repeal of Pathways “is a game- Clarion press time, the number of The petition, Bowen emphasized, of courses would be acceptable for stand against it.” changer for this university,” Philipp signers had passed 4,100 and was does not simply call for Pathways to general education.” Jamell Henderson, a student gov- said. “The chancellery, up till now, still on the rise. be repealed, but also for it to be re- ernment senator at BMCC who will has been saying that...the great – PH placed with a process that respects ‘no’ to low expectations both faculty governance and the ac- Instead, said Cooper, the top- cumulated knowledge of faculty and down process imposed at CUNY staff. “One good thing that’s come “has become a ‘pathway’ for creat- out of Pathways is a wider recogni- ing struggles between and amongst tion of the need to address the facili- groups of people” over a scarce Perspectives on Pathways tation of transfer of credits. We have number of credits. General edu- to address that.” But, Bowen added, cation according to the Pathways “it doesn’t need to be addressed in prescription, she said, “will give A sampling of comments at the a way that tramples faculty knowl- students only a vague taste of some- PSC’s March 8 Town Hall Meeting: Voices from Town Hall edge and experience, and violates thing outside their majors.” the principles of faculty governance Terrence Martell, vice chair of the stephen Jablonsky, chair of the Gail August, associate professor working-class folks. And to give us and academic freedom.” UFS, spoke in personal terms about music department at City College, of English, ESL and linguistics the lowest standard of education, the decision to go to court. “A lawsuit recalled that he and Chancellor at Hostos Community College: “I to say you’re not good enough...to a better alternative is not an easy thing,” said Martell. Goldstein had been students togeth- would like to speak to the myth learn more, is completely racist Bowen announced that the PSC “This is not going to be fun. I don’t er at CCNY: “The core curriculum at of faculty input. On October 1, we and undermines the integrity of lawsuit against Pathways would be look forward to it.” The reason he de- that time...prepared us for a life as received the plan. By October 15, the school.” filed in a matter of days. The suit, cided to “put my name, my reputation citizens of the city of New York. It fifteen days later, the whole col- a joint effort with the University on this lawsuit,” said Martell, was also prepared me to go to Harvard lege was supposed to respond to NIVEDITA MAJUMDAR, associate Faculty Senate (UFS), was filed on the damage that Pathways will do to University and be on equal footing the plan. As a member of the Col- professor of English, John Jay March 20. (See page 7 and tinyurl. CUNY students, Its watered-down with anybody from anywhere in the lege Senate, I went crazy trying to College: “Last week I was having com/PathwaysLawsuit.) “I can’t curriculum, he said, represents “the country. It prepared me to be a pro- organize a Senate meeting in those a conversation with a colleague think of a better use of [union] re- subtle racism of low expectations.” fessor at the greatest college in the fifteen days. It was not possible. from another CUNY campus about sources than standing up for the “This is a fundamental issue of city of New York and in the country. The possibility for input was just Pathways. After hearing me out, academic integrity of a CUNY edu- the kind of society that we are go- And I am very proud of our school, non-existent.” she said, ‘But surely the Chancel- cation,” Bowen remarked. ing to live in,” argued Martell. “I do and any diminution of what we do lor and the Board of Trustees, they UFS Chair Sandi Cooper spoke not want our students to have less of is a crime.” Amir Khafagy, student at LaGuar- must believe that it’s good for our next at the March 8 event, describ- an opportunity because of some ill- dia Community College and a mem- students?’ I answered that, ‘Yes, I ing how the administration had conceived, poorly thought-through Hollis Glaser, professor of speech ber of Students United for a Free do think that they believe it’s good consistently rejected UFS efforts to and poorly executed plan. Pathways at BMCC: “Something that’s been CUNY: “Pathways is nothing more for our students.’ But this is also a work out a different approach. “The consigns future generations of bothering me has been how bad than a cop-out, an excuse to give group that believes in a stratified, UFS proposed at least five differ- CUNY students to a grim future in [Pathways] is for faculty collegiality students a cheaper, poor quality hierarchical society. They believe ent modes of proceeding forward,” our globalized, competitive world.” and morale. We are pitted against education. New York students have that our students are going to oc- said Cooper – including alternatives The new limits on general educa- each other in this process, fight- already been through a Pathways cupy a certain stratum of the job based on past experience at SUNY tion will have the biggest impact on ing for turf and fighting for student program, and that was the City’s market – and that to do so, they do and in the California State Univer- the students from the weakest high credits…. This has been a horrible high schools.… CUNY is a school not need a well-rounded liberal arts sity system. schools, noted Martell. “They’re the process.” predominantly of color, of poor, education.” Clarion | April 2012 News 7

Council meeting on March 13, a call for the repeal and replacement of Pathways was supported by about a four-to-one margin, but fell short on procedural grounds. Supporters Pathways under fire expect to pass the measure in April. At CCNY, arts and sciences fac- By PETER HOGNESS ulty made clear that their Pathways plan was not an endorsement. “The “I had no idea the vote would be so Opposition spreads, calls for a halt grow City College CLAS Faculty Council overwhelming.” That’s what Glenn needs 45 rather than 42 credits to de- Petersen, chair of the sociology sign a general education curriculum department at Baruch, said after that meets the educational needs of the faculty of Baruch’s Weissman its students,” a resolution declared. School of Arts and Sciences voted “If these three additional credits 125 to 5 in favor of suspending work are not granted, it will precipitate a on Pathways, CUNY’s controversial governance and educational crisis.” overhaul of general education. At CSI on March 22, the Faculty “We worked really hard to create Senate voted to reject a proposed a good proposal under Pathways, but Pathways plan as inadequate. It also we didn’t like the result. We held our told 80th Street that it would be un- nose and we did it, but no one had a able to formulate an acceptable plan good word to say about our proposal before the April 1 deadline – a target – or about Pathways,” said Petersen. that faculty bodies at several other “The problem was, everyone was so colleges also looked likely to miss. afraid. Everyone said, ‘We detest this, but we’re afraid of what will flash point happen to us if we don’t comply.’” As the details of Pathways be- That’s why Petersen put forward come clearer, student opposition has a motion calling for an alternative. begun to grow. The Queens College “I just couldn’t bear to put up with student paper chose “Pathways to that,” he explained. “Now it’s utterly Ignorance” as the headline for its clear that when people see they can report on the program. “CUNY’s stand together and say what they Pathways Initiative leads students think, they’ll say that this is not to Pat Arnow away from science,” was the choice be borne.” Peter Kwong, a distinguished professor at Hunter College, signs the Pathways petition. At left is PSC Chapter Chair Tami Gold. of the student paper at Baruch. The Baruch resolution, approved Student government leaders at four at a March 22 meeting of arts and colleges, with an additional College adequate time for laboratory work, jects to the exclusion of elected gov- CUNY campuses were already on sciences faculty, declares that they Option of up to 12 credits at senior which they argue is fundamental to ernance bodies from the decisions record with criticism of Pathways by have “been unable to find sufficient colleges. (Past Clarion coverage at real science education. They urged that shaped Pathways, and linked this semester, and several student ac- pedagogical merit in curriculum tinyurl.com/ClarionPW.) that the basic Pathways science re- this to the poor quality of the result. tivists spoke against Pathways at the guidelines established by the Univer- These credit limits make it difficult quirement be changed from three In place of Pathways, the QCC PSC’s Town Hall Meeting (see page 6). sity’s Pathways program to warrant for colleges to maintain elements of credits to four or four-and-a-half, Senate called for CUNY “to es- The next flash point with Path- the substantial cuts the program re- general education that many faculty and said faculty must retain the tablish more dual-joint degree ways is likely to be its attempt to ex- quires in the College’s current gen- view as fundamental – for example, right to require additional hours for programs, enhanced articulation ert control over what courses can be eral education requirements.” foreign language requirements, or lab work. (Full text at tinyurl.com/ agreements” and to improve aca- required for a department’s major. Therefore, the resolution “rec- time for lab work in a science class. PW-Sci-Disc.) demic advisement. These measures, By May 1, new committees appoint- ommends that Baruch College dis- PSC leaders say that faculty have it says, would be more effective in ed by the chancellor are to recom- continue the process of revising been working to conform to the new decade of science? helping resolve the problems with mend three to six courses that can the College’s general education policy, fearful that their courses will “We are astonished at the reduc- student transfer without compro- be accepted as entry-level courses curriculum until a University-wide be marginalized otherwise. The tion of the role of science education mising academic quality. for the highest-transfer majors. The summit meeting of campus faculty, union, they say, is seeking ways to in Pathways at any time, but espe- At Baruch, the day before anti- final decisions will not be made by students, and administrators” can help faculty express their collective cially during the Chancellor’s decla- Pathways resolutions were approved departments, but by CUNY’s Office convene to discuss alternatives with voice on Pathways as a whole. ration that 2005-2015 is the Decade by faculty at the Weissman School of Academic Affairs. UFS Chair CUNY central administration. The The PSC petition emphasizes that of Science at CUNY,” the statement of Arts and Sciences, a college-wide Sandi Cooper called the plan “a body also voted to reject a detailed there is a “genuine and important” said. “With this general education General Faculty meeting took ad- veritable coup in higher education.” proposal on how to implement Path- need to facilitate student transfer initiative, what will be left of science visory votes with near-unanimous As criticism of Pathways mounts, ways at Baruch, a proposal that within CUNY. But this can be done, at CUNY by 2015?” backing for the same position. voices across CUNY are calling for many of those same faculty mem- it says, without destroying years Not providing for lab sessions As Clarion went to press, BMCC’s a time-out. “There is no justification bers had helped to develop. of faculty work on curriculum and means that Pathways “fails to meet Academic Senate and the Executive for rushing a curriculum revision Opposition to Pathways is on the putting educational quality at risk. the nationwide norm for general Committee of the Faculty Senate at of this magnitude,” said the Bowen. rise. Beyond Baruch, faculty gover- “More than 500 people signed the education science courses,” warned Medgar Evers College both passed “It’s time for 80th Street to slow nance bodies at other CUNY colleges petition in the first hour,” said PSC the chairs. This in turn “eliminates resolutions against Pathways. down, start again, and respect the have called for Pathways to be put on President Barbara Bowen. “That is transferability of CUNY general At a Brooklyn College Faculty role of our elected faculty bodies.” hold and reassessed. A petition for an unprecedented response.” Sign- education courses to other colleges the repeal and replacement of Path- ers to date include 50 distinguished and universities.” ways has drawn 4,189 signatures professors, 155 department chairs, When Chronicle of Higher Educa- so far, and the number continues to and 51 members of CUNY’s own tion covered the Pathways debate in grow (see pages 8-9). And on March Pathways committee, the Common March, online comments included PSC suit vs. Pathways 20, the PSC and the University Fac- Core Review Committee. this observation: “[A]fter creating On March 20, the PSC filed a lawsuit and councils, are responsible for the ulty Senate filed a lawsuit to halt the this curriculum that allows for the to stop CUNY’s Pathways initiative. formulation of policy relating to cur- Pathways initiative, arguing that it MORE SCIENCE elimination of a science laboratory re- Plaintiffs in the suit include Barbara riculum, the awarding of college violates a 1997 court settlement on In a February 17 statement, quirement, CUNY created a 12-page Bowen as head of the PSC, University credit, the granting of degrees and the role of CUNY faculty in curricu- CUNY’s discipline council for natu- PR booklet praising the high stan- Faculty Senate Chair Sandi Cooper other academic matters. lum decisions. ral sciences warned that the “Path- dards of this curriculum. Guess what and UFS Vice Chair Terrence Mar- The lawsuit argues that the CU- CUNY administration describes ways general education curriculum the cover picture of the booklet is? A tell. The lawsuit’s legal team includes NY administration exceeded its au- Pathways as an effort to simplify the dramatically decreases the amount student doing work in a laboratory.” PSC Director of Legal Affairs Peter thority in matters of curriculum and University’s transfer requirements, of science taught to [non-science] On March 13, Queensborough Zwiebach and the law firms of Meyer, failed to follow university bylaws which many students have found majors in the senior colleges, and Community College’s Academic Suozzi, English, & Klein, and Emery and faculty governance procedures difficult to negotiate. Pathways pro- diminishes the quality of education Senate urged that “the ‘Pathways’ Celli Brinckerhoff & Abady. in the development of Pathways. ponents blame most of the problems and value of a CUNY degree.” (The Initiative be suspended by CUNY The suit charges that Pathways Court papers may be viewed in student transfer on general edu- council is made up of the elected and fundamentally rethought.” It violates a settlement agreement online at tinyurl.com/Pathways cation rules and current practices of chairs of biology, biochemistry, described the credit limits imposed reached in 1997 between CUNY, on -PSC-court-papers. accepting credits; Pathways sharply chemistry and physics departments by Pathways as “inadequate, arbi- the one hand, and the PSC and Uni- The PSC “will also support a law- reduces the number of credits that across CUNY.) trary and capricious,” and ultimately versity Faculty Senate leaders on suit to be brought by students at a a college’s general education frame- The science chairs warned that, harmful to QCC’s academic reputa- the other. That agreement reaffirms later date,” said Bowen, “focused on work can require. It calls for a Com- under Pathways, general educa- tion and the career prospects of its that the CUNY faculty, through the the harm Pathways will do to their mon Core of 30 credits at all CUNY tion science classes will not have graduates. The resolution also ob- UFS and the college faculty senates education at CUNY.” – PH Petition to repeal & replace Pathways

We, the undersigned faculty and professional CUNY representatives have offered partial staff of the City University of New York, call for remedies for aspects of Pathways, its failures the repeal of the Pathways resolution adopted 4,189 have signed so far of conception and design are so fundamental by the Board of Trustees and for the develop- that Pathways must be entirely rethought. a general education program that devalues is a direct result of the manner in which it ment of an alternative approach to facilitating the CUNY degree. was imposed. The Pathways resolution was We therefore call on the Board of Trustees student transfer. passed by the Board of Trustees in violation to repeal the “Pathways” resolution (“Creat- l Far from assisting CUNY students, Pathways l Despite months of diligent efforts to make of its own Bylaws, and has been implemented ing an Efficient Transfer System”) at its next will disadvantage them. It underestimates Pathways work, faculty across the University through a process that continues to bypass meeting – on April 30, 2012; and further, CUNY students and shortchanges them both have concluded that it is impossible to design every elected faculty body. The imposition of We call on the Board of Trustees and its rep- a curriculum within the Pathways parameters intellectually and professionally. Pathways Pathways directly attacks shared governance fails to uphold academic integrity as defined resentatives to initiate a new planning and without undermining the quality of education and academic freedom, bedrock principles of implementation process to address the is- at CUNY. by the faculty; it fails to achieve the goal of a university. creating seamless transfer within CUNY, as sue of student transfer. The process must l The need Pathways claims to address – to l The CUNY central administration has refused conform to the University Bylaws, uphold the it negates existing articulation agreements; facilitate student transfer – is genuine and to repeal Pathways despite an outpouring of principles and practices of shared governance and it marginalizes CUNY students by mak- important, but it can be addressed without opposition from elected faculty bodies such and academic freedom, and produce a cur- ing transfer of credits outside of the CUNY destroying years of faculty work on curricu- as the University Faculty Senate, college sen- riculum worthy of CUNY’s mission to educate system impossible in certain subject areas. lum, violating the principles of shared gover- ates, academic discipline councils, academic “the children of the people, the children of the nance and academic freedom, and mandating l The intellectual unsoundness of Pathways departments and learned societies. While whole people.”

Baruch College C. Douglas Howard David Szalda Erik Freas Richard Packard Madelaine Bates Adam Tripp Jacqueline Hollander Justin Steinberg Soo-Jin Lee Deborah De Simone Richard Powers Ellen Deriso Isa Vasquez Diva B. Weiss-Lane Ron Aaron Sarah Ruth Jacobs Abdullah Uz Tansel Anne Friedman Emmanuel Paki Kathleen Stassen Berger Kathleen E. Urda William Hornsby Sara Jane Stoner Jordan Leondopoulos Rad Dimitric Wladimir Pribitkin Gregory Donovan Katherine Verdery Nicholas West Ervand Abrahamian Radhika Jain Abe D. Tawil Karla Fuller Nathaniel Palmer Denise Billups Gustavo Urena C. Huffman Celina Su Bettina Lerner John Dixon Linda Principe Melanie Donovan Denise Vigani Karen Winkler Gabriel Alkon Jamal Jalilian-Marian Claude Taylor John Gallagher Segundo Pantoja Libby Black Sharon Utakis Amy Hughes Sophia Suarez Stephen Levine Carl Dobkin Christine Quinton Mark Drury Laura Visco Ruben Worrell Tuzyline Allan Roy Johnson Taye Tefera Deborah Gambs Barry Parker Alicia Bralove Ramirez Amy Van Natter Tristan Husby Rachelle Suissa Moe Liu-d’Albero Bernard Domanski Milos Raickovich Rayya El Zein Carmen Walters Tatsuya Yamada Esther Allen Sam Johnson Jolie Terrazas Lydia Gardner John Parran Leonard Branche Lourdes Vela Arias Leslie Jacobson Cherry Lou Sy Iris Lopez Geoffrey Dorfman Shawn Ramos Rachel Esch Kyle Waugh Elyse Zucker Stan Altman Carmel Jordan John Theobald Rebecca Garte Nancy Passantino Patricia Brown Joan Wilson Darise Jean Baptiste Peter Taubman Mary Lutz Janet Dudley Mary Reda Desiree Fields Christopher Weimer Angela Anselmo Theodore Joyce Pamela Thielman Yakov Genis Manita Pavel Rex Butt Kristin Winkler Rachel Jennings Aaron Tenenbaum Arthur D. Lynch Nicole Fennimore Beatrix Reinhardt Michelle Fine Thomas G. Weiss Hunter Campus Fran Antmann Gayana Jurkevich Gloria Thomas Pat Genova Philip Penner Cheryl Byrd Tsegaye Wodajo Stephanie Jensen- Laura Tesman Nicholas Madamopoulos Maryann Feola Linda Revenson Leonard Finkelman Michael West Schools Frank Antonucci Nicholas Juszczak Andrea Tienan Rosemary George Alessandra Peralta-Avila Joanne Caceres Alex Wolf Moulton Gary Testa Jamal Manassah Erlan H. Feria Irving Robbins Claire Fontaine Karl Westerling Veronika Aleiner Miriam Applebaum Erica Kaufman Aaron Todd Michael Giammarella Colin Persaud Grace Campagna Edward Zevin Herman Jiesamfoek Jeanne Theoharis Velina Manolova Michelle Fishman-Cross Bethany Rogers Lindsey Freer Pamela Whitefield Flannery Amdahl Nancy Aries Elaine Kauvar Eliza Tom Hollis Glaser Yossi Pinto Bennie Cancel John Chamberlain Philip Thibodeau Jane Marcus Richard Flanagan Lauren Rogers-Sirin Tim Fujioka Steve Wierenga John Gallagher Timothy Aubry Ramzi Khuri Andrew Tomasello Eric Glaude Charles Post Alba Cancetty Brooklyn College Janet Johnson Joseph Thurm Michael Marcus Olivier Fluchaire Peter Ronalds Rachel Futtersak Gary Wilder Marlene Hennessy David Bahr Norman Kleinberg Randolph Trumbach Matthew Goeke Sandra Poster James Carroll Vito Acconci Jacqueline Jones Vincent Tirelli Angelo Mariano Antonia Foldes Jay Rosen Marisa Genuardi Nagano Ashley Williard Lynne Kemen Isolina Ballesteros Louise Klusek Yoshi Tsurumi John Paul Gonzalez Benjamin Powell Martha Charles-Glenn Ana Acosta Chet Jordan Micha Tomkiewicz Patria Marin Carmela Forte Gail Rosenberg Jane Gerber Timothy Wilson Brian Park Stefan Bathe Alan Koenig Lena Tuck Racquel Goodison Connett Powell Martin Cohen Jennifer Adams Laura Juszczak Ellen Tremper Gina Marten Ashley Fotinatos Noëlle Rouxel-Cubberly Erin Glass Patricia Winter Steve Puig Kapil Bawa Elena Kosygina Edward Tucker Lauren Goodwyn Brian Prager George Coppola Julie Agoos Joshua Katz-Rosene David Troyansky Fred Matcovsky Deborah Franzblau Juan M. Saborido Elizabeth Goetz Richard Wolin David Towber Leo Benardo Bakchun Kotung Chris Tuthill Admer Gouryh Nidia Pullés-Linares Katherine Culkin Monica Agrest Aleksandr Kelebeyev Robert Tumas Elizabeth Matthews Niles French Nanette Salomon Rachel Golas Livia Woods Paula Berggren Marios Koufaris Rosemary Twomey Carole Gregory Shannon Quinlan Laurel Cummins Alan Aja Stephen Keltnet Dom Tuminaro Susan McCullough Gunter Fuchs Mara Salvati Jesse Goldstein Tommy Wu Hunter College Terry Berkowitz Sandra Kraskin Monica Vecchio Anthony Gronowicz Alister Ramírez-Márquez Roger Jeff Cunningham Stephen Aja Lauren Kilroy Catherine Tung Kathlene McDonald Sandra Gambetti George Emilio Sanchez Kiersten Greene Rifat Yalman Miriam Abramovitz Roslyn Bernstrin Karl Kronebusch Donald Vredenburgh Alyse Hachey Shirley Rausher Kim Curran Frans Albarillo R. King Iakovos Vasiliou Carol Moore Gloria Garcia Rachel Sanchez David Greetham Matvei Yankelevich Robert Abramovitz Keri Bertino Chandrika Kulatilleke John Wahlert Maram Hallak Rosemarie Reed Ira Daly Kara Andersen Kiyoka Koizumi Alex Vitale Joseph Moore Ismael Garcia-Colon Jonathan Sassi Karen Gregory Melissa Zavala Naomi Adiv Ellen Block Nanda Kumar Jun Wang Jose Haro Joanne Rees Thomas D’Arrigo Frank Angel Danny Kopec Anders Wallace Maria Moran Vincent Gattullo Herbert Schanker Yulia Greyman Tanya Agathocleous Louis Bolce Philip Lambert Gwendolyn Webb Felecia Harrelson Frederick Reese Neil S. Davis Patricia Antoniello Grazyna Kosiorek Christian Warren Benjamin Nadler David Gerstner Sarah Schulman Les Gribben Educational Jochen Albrecht Alvin Booke Jessica Lang Jay Weiser Helen Haselnuss Lesley Rennis Aishah Dean David Arnow Rachel Kravetz Frederick Wasser Daniel Nieves Gloria Gianoulis Joanne Schultz Phillip Griffith Opportunity Centers Philip Alcabes Ann Brandwein Kirby Laurence Deborah Wetzel Ronald Hayduk Jun Rice William Dejong-Lambert Sau Fong Au Patricia Laurence Maurice Watson Paolo Orlandi Priyanka Godbole Irina Sekerina Michael Grossman Karen Asare Meena Alexander Harold Brent Kathleen Lawrence Richard Wilkins Janet Haynes Jill Richardson Desmona Delaunay Moshe Augenstein Lindsay Lehman Gerald Weiss Seamus O’Scanlain Kenneth Gold Barry Sheinkopf Benjamin Haber Hafiz Baghban Cristina Alfar Joel Brind Max Lee Stanley Wine Eda Henao Ruby Richardson Kealey Dias Kathleen Axen Ben Lerner Marjorie Welish Geniece Pacifici Ellen Goldner Ira Shor Marilyn Hacker Karen Berry Jeff Allred Charlotte Brooks Elisa Legon Elizabeth Wollman Richard Hendrix Anastassios Rigopoulos Leonard Dick David Balk Andree Lessey Paula A. Whitlock Devid Paolini Marc Gontarski Vivian Shulman Casey Hale Julie Bolt Ronnie Ancona Jason Bryslawskyj Allison Lehr Samuels Liuren Wu Alan Herman Marguerite Maria Rivas Aliou Diop Jennifer Ball Ginger Levant Jocelyn Wills Lucas Parra David Goode Ruth Silverberg Alexis Halkovic Kenrick Lucas Kelly Anderson Robert Butler Gail Levin Clifford Wymbs Carlos Hernandez Louis Rivera Frances DiSalvo Emily Balsam Sharona Levy Joseph Wilson John Patitucci Katharine Goodland Jason Simon Michael Handis Frank Munoz Lisa Anderson Donal Byard Alice Levitus Jian Xiao Mary Heyward William Roane Michael Dodes Swapna Banerjee Alexandra Lewis Barbara Winslow Suzanne Pittson John Gordon Peter Simpson Robert Haralick Gladys Queliz Stephanie Anderson Olga Casanova-Burgess Seth Lipner Jianming Ye Jenna Hirsch Edith S. Robbins Betty Doyle Carolina Bank Munoz Peter Lipke Noson Yanofsky Antoni Piza Anshel Gorokhovsky William Smith Julia Heim Mabel Ramharack Angelo Angelis Sultan Catto Susan Locke Nancy Yousef Ann Hjelle Neil Rodia Clement Drummond H. Arthur Bankoff Dana Loev Liv Yarrow Maria Politarhos Patti Gross Susan Smith-Peter Gabor Herman Nira Reiss Thomas Angotti Christina Chala Linda Lopez John Yu Mark Hoffman Fanny Rodriguez Sandra Duvivier Jennifer Basil Steve London W Zhang Migen Prifti Jianying Gu Sonila Sokoli Andrew Hernann Jaime Atencio Sheau-Yueh J. Chao Kenneth Lowstetter Yu Yue Friedrich Hoffmann Karen Rogowski Chris Efthimiou Moustafa Bayoumi Joann Luhrs Tudor Protopopescu Samira Haj Francisco Soto Bethany Holmstrom Hostos Cc Austin Bailey Carolle Charles Meir Lubetski Chester Zarnoch Aaron Iglesias Ronald Rubin Patricia Favale Robert Bell Miguel Macias City College Rubén Rangel Kathleen Hall Robert Spinelli Peter Ikeler Irving Abbott Vanessa Baish Deborah Charnoff Bradley Lubin Tomo Imamichi Robert Rubyan Martin Fein Sally Bermanzohn Bruce MacIntyre Ethan Akin Chris Rempfer Amy Hannon Susan Sullivan Timothy Johnson Samuel Asante Chandra Balkaran Rosemarie Chatterton Joyce Mandell Bmcc Rochell Isaac Ruru Rusmin Matthew Feltman Daniel Blake Michael Mallory Adeyinka Akinsulure- Gerardo Renique Myra Hauben Nan Sussman Gabrielle Kappes Marcella Bencivenni Maayan Barkan Keridiana Chez Jennifer Mangels Marina Adams Robin Isserles Shanti Rywkin James Freeman Rebecca Boger Anthony Mancini Smith Lena Retamoso Elena Heimur Howard Swerdloff Agata Kasprzyk Adrian Benítez Marlene Barsoum William Chien Terrence Martell Mohmmad Lalitha Jayant Rifat Salam Jeanee Mar Funk Luigi Bonaffini Namita Manohar Fuad Alnajjar Jennifer Roberts Stephen Herschkorn Kathryn Talarico Cindi Katz Amanda Bernal-Carlo Elizabeth Beaujour Christina Christoforatou Elena Martinez Ahmeduzzaman Dexter Jeffries Sarah Salm Termaine Garden Frank Boudreaux Stephen Margolies Oxana Alvarez Robert Rockwell Darryl Hill Artemida Tesho Rowena Kennedy-Epstein Craig Bernardini Jeremy Benson Isabel Cid Sirgado Anita Mayo Sophia Aidiniou Joan Jeter-Moye Jocelyn Samuel Martine Gauthier Sally Bowdoin Diane Marks Ion Antonescu Elizabeth Rorschach Hildegard Hoeller Valerie Tevere Bijan Kimiagar Vermell Blanding Barbara Berney Jody Clark Vaisman Mary McGlynn Akhtar Akhtaruzzaman Jianguo Ji Jason Samuels Jordi Getman James Bowyer John Marra Alice Baldwin-Jones Martin Rosenman Alan Hoffner Ella Tkach Beth Kneller Stefan Bosworth Margaret Beveridge Brent Cody Mark McGovern Matthew Ally Carolina Johnson Oneida Sanchez Mihaela Ghiuzeli Doug Boyer Wythe Marschall Shailesh Banerjee William Rossow Susan Imberman Brian Tochterman Wayne Koestenbaum Kristopher Burrell Roya Biggie Jacob Cohen Corey Mead Rami Alsaber Joseph Johnson Natalie Sandler Miguel Gil Naomi Braine Miranda Martinez Doris Barkin Diane Sank Eric Ivison Saadia Toor Judith Kubran Titus Byaruhanga Debarati Biswas Yochi Cohen-Charash Douglas Medina Carlos Alva Judine Johnson-Harriott Paula V. Saunders Rosanna Giliberti Brett Branco Paula Massood Philip Barnett Susanna Schaller Samanta Jacob Jose Torres Carole Kulikowski Jordan Cael Reuben Blundell Vaughn H. Columbine Susan Mekrami Andres Amador Dan Joiner Erik Saxon Alwyn Gilkes Norman Brannon Ruth McChesney Robert Barron Norman Scheinberg Jill Jegerski Eleni Tournaki Eero Laine Michelle Cheikin Stephen Boatright David Cruz De Jesus Donald Mengay Douglas Anderson Cynthia Karasek Jim Sayeghjims Debra Gonsher Dmitry Brogun David McKay Jennifer Basto Mark Shattuck Shi Jin Paola Ureni Fiona Lee Sarah Church Mark Bobrow Sorin Cucu Elizabeth Merrick Rigoberto Andino Victor Kaufold Suzanne C. Schick David Gordon Elaine Brooks Rachel McKinney Mohamed Ben Zid Youngsik Song Korpo Joe Richard Veit Bree Lehman Leah Colette Clendening Anton Borst Gerard Dalgish Rachel Michaels April Andres Katherine Kavanagh Edgar Schnebel Rita Gregory Marissa Brostoff Michael Meagher Mohammed Benalla Ira Spaulding Edward Johnson John Verzani Marisa Lerer Robert Cohen Marnie Brady Antonietta D’Amelio Hillary Miller Jacqueline Andrews Tim Keane Kelly Secovnie Christopher Grenda Evrick Brown Eric Mendelson Vincent Benedetto Ruth Spencer Tracey Jones Thomas Volscho Isaias Lerner Lizette Colón Christopher Braun Masako Darrough Joshua Mills Sheldon Applewhite Lori Kee Michael Seitz Bertrand Grossman Matthew Brown Michael Menser Susan Besse Janet Steele Kevin Judge Jesenko Vukadinovic Antonia Levy Miguel Concepción Rebbecca Brown Bridgett Davis Richard Mitten Heide Arbitter Maureen Keenan Naveen Seth Giulia Guarnieri Sarah Brown Eleanor Miele Julia Biber Achva Stein Peter Kabachnik Kelly Walsh Judy Li David Cortes Chelsea Bunn Gerald De Maio Keiko Miyajima Barbara Ashton Rose M. Kim Leslie Shaw Monique Guishard Rachel Brownstein Maderie Miller James Biles Judith Stein Sylvia Kahan Mark D. White Jacquelyn Libby Oliver Crespo Johannes Burgers John Deming Kannan Mohan Dennis Baker Geoff Klock Wenju Shen Stefano Gulizia Matthew Burgess Geoffrey Minter Jack Billig Carol Steiner Dalia Kandiyoti Maurya Wickstrom Amanda Licastro Madeline Cruz Steve Burghardt Robert Denker Sandra Mullings Samantha Bankston Wanda Knauss John Short Elizabeth Hardman Edwin Burrows Matthew Moore Ronald Birke Nancy Stern Cary Karacas Clare Wilson Glenis Long Lissette Delgado-Cruzata Richard Burke Melissa Dennihy Jason Munshi-South Angie Beeman Ahmet Kok Lyubov Shumova Charmaine Harvey Daniel Campos Janet Moser Maxime Blanchard C. Jennifer Stock David Keberle Siona Wilson Aramis Lopez Sue Dicker Janet Burnham Allison Deutermann Brian Murphy Rachid Bekralas Eva Kolbusz-Kijne Jose Sierra Steven Hoffman Cheryl Carmichael Kevin Murphy Karin Block Nancy Tag Justin Keller John Wing Karece Lopez Kathleen Doyle Monica Calabritto Alan Digaetano Frances Murphy Philip Belcastro Kwasi Konadu Colleen Slater Sara Holtzschue William Childers Martha Nadell Felicia Bonaparte R. Shareah Taleghani Hosu Kim Stephen Wollman Wendy Luttrell Vyacheslav Dushenkov David Capps Vincent Digirolamo Sourial Naoko Joshua Belknap Csilla Korbl Rebecca Smart Annette Joseph Samir Chopra Roni Natov George Brandon Cynthia Toronto Roberta Klibaner Cindy Wong Vasily Lvov Tapaoan Emelyn Mary Cavanaugh Lauren Donaldson Ali Nematollahy Colven Benjamin Charles Kosky Ek Smith Ian Joseph Jill Cirasella Immanuel Ness Adam Bubrow Douglas Troeger David Kritt Cheryl Wu Eric Lynch Cardona Felix Barry Cherkas Bernard Donefer Bogdan Nicolescu Roy Benjamin Linda Kpaka Vernon Smith Bertram Kabak Dayton Clark Rita Nigri Michael Busch Ozcan Uzun Michal Kruk Ming Xia Alyssa Mackenzie Juan Feliz John Chin Martin Dumas Hugo Nurnberg Bettina Berch Brent Kramer Mohammad Soleymani Karen Keller Eva Cogan Dijana Norkiene John Calagione Sydney Van Nort Judith Kuppersmith Mohamed Yousef Alec Magnet Claude Fernandez Sarah Chinn Adrian Dumitru David O’Brien Alexander Betton-Haynes Jacob Kramer Adrian Solomon Shazia Khan Douglas Cohen Natalie Nuzzo Azikiwe Calhoun Greg Vargo Carlo Lancellotti Alessandra Zavaglia Jeremy March Francisco Fernandez Irene Chung Rebekka Eckhaus Shoshana Ohlbaum Sangeeta Bishop David Krauss Harold Spevack Dien Kim Georgeen Comerford Brigid O’Keeffe Laura Callahan Christian Volkmann Kevin Lane Oswaldo Zavala Oliver Marshall Lowell Finkelstein Ann Cohen Matthew Edwards Jana O’Keefe Bazzoni Joe Bisz Geoffrey Kurtz Lisa Stathas Estelle Kissel Maria Contel Mojubaolu Okome Carla Cappetti Diana Wall Dorothy Lang Sarah Zelikovitz Amy Martin Patricia Frenz-Belkin Ira Cohen Helene Eisenman Veena Oldenburg Helen Eliz Bleckley-Coly Annette Lachmann Sheryl Stein Daphne Kohavy Edward Coppola Brendan O’Malley Daniel Carillo Marcos Wasem Ernest Larsen Ying Zhu A. Martini Dennis Gibbons Diana Conchado Nicole Eitmann June O’Neill Susie Boydston-White Percy Lambert Carolyn Steinhoff Peter Kolozi James Cox Barbara O’Neill Jerry Carlson Kareen Williams Catherine Lavender Alan Zimmerman Melissa Marturano John Gillen Jonathan Conning Lawrence Elcock Peter Orland Elena Brunn Tracey Lander-Garrett Snezana Stiefel Roman Kossak Constantin Cranganu Gerald Oppenheimer Matthew Carter David Willinger John Lawrence Steven Zuckermann Steve McFarland Raymond Healey Marithelma Costa Lisa Ellis Rita Ormsby Robert Bunkin Jonathan Lang Carolyn Strachan Kenneth Kruta Paisley Currah Stella Padnos-Shea Raquel Chang-Rodriguez Joshua Wilner Jacqueline Leblanc Carmen Zuzworsky Zachary McGuirk Orlando Hernandez Lucille Croom Mindy Engle-Friedman Sean O’Toole Thomas Burgess Robert Lapides Francisca Suarez-Coalla Akhil Lal Annette Danto Jane Palmquist Katherine Chen Andrew Wilson Solmaz Lee Valbona Zylo-Watkins Andrew McKinney Keith Hinton Gregory Crosbie Shelly Eversley Patricia Ougourlian Troy Burris Stephen Larrington Theresa Suraci Alexander Lamazares James Davis Rohit Parikh Tienni Chen Kenneth Yanes Alfred Levine William McNally Lucinda Hughey-Wiley Omar Dahbour Hanan Eytan Mehmet Ozbilgin Cheryl Busbee Jennifer Leamy Shireen Tannu LaRoi Lawton Mary Debey Priya Parmar Vernetta Chesimard Yiqi Zhang-Giaccio Derek Levine Cuny Central Office Kate McPherson Christine Hutchins Susan Daitch Nermin Eyuboglu Gloria Paulus Eurita Butler Virginia Lee Jane Tezapsidis MarIa Lazda Elida Deklein Graham Parsons David Cieri Mark Lewis Gregory Dunkel Katherine Mendis Ernest Ialongo Emyr Dakin Carole Fabre Alan Pearlman Catherine Cammilleri Stephanie Lehman Rachel Theilheimer George Leibman Scott Dexter Simon Parsons Jeffrey Clapp College Of Chao Li M. Hills Erin Michaels Paul Italia Elizabeth Danto Amanda Favia Jeanne Pearson-Gray Simon Carr Kenneth Levin Valerie Thiers-Thiam Carlos Liachovitzky Heidi Diehl Mark Patkowski Marlene Clark Staten Island Lihong Li Linda Lewis Ruth Milkman Thelma Ithier-Sterling Brian Davis Johanna Fernandez Aisha Pena Lloyd Carroll Andrew Levy Joan Thorne Ronnice Little Anne Donlon Susan Penn Bill Crain Carlos Abad Blerina Likollati Jie Liu Kristin Moriah Howard Jordan Sarah Davis William Ferns Katherine Pence Margaret Carson Ellen Lewis Karen Thornhill Okena Littlehawk Stephen Douglas Sophia Perdikaris Campbell Dalglish Rebecca Adler Schiff Giancarlo Lombardi Grace Lu Kathryn Moss Elizabeth Kimball Anthony De Jesús Wayne Finke Scott Perlin Luis-Alfredo Cartagena Adam Li James Tolan Jose Lopez-Marron Kathleen Dunn Maria Perez y Gonzalez Alessandro Daniele Jane Alexander David Loncle Harvey Mason Carolina Munoz Proto Paula Korsko Partha Deb Juliet Folks Glenn Petersen Lynda Caspe Jianye Lin Rachel Torres Antonio Lorenzoni Christopher Ebert Helen Phillips Joseph Davis David Allen Daniel London Erica Parfrey David Nasaw Sandra Lacay Katherine Delorenzo Benedetto Fontana Maria Pichardo Julie Cassidy Carlos Linares Shalva Tsiklauri Angelo Malgieri Jason Eckardt Melissa Phruksachart David Del Tredici Zara Anishanslin Marcello Lucia Willie Sanchez Linda Neiberg Miriam Laskin Stephen Demeo Stephen Francoeur Jarrod Pickens Jennifer Chancellor Ina Litera Andrew Tully Donna Mangiante- Ronald Eckhardt I. Pierce Lynne Desilva-Johnson Gloria Archimandritis Robert Ludwig Joseph Scandaglia Robert Nelson Henry Lesnick Patricia Dempsey Kevin Frank Thomas Pison Jane Clark Marci Littlefield John Uehlein Naughton Allan Eisenberg Tanya Pollard Susan Di Raimo Jay Arena Ruby Ludwig Bernadette Thomas Hangying Ni Vielka Luciano Lucenti M. Denis-Rosario Robert Freedman Michael Plekon H. R. Clarke Doug Machovic Josephine Umunna-Muoka Robert Maryks Martin Elsky Stephen Porter Roger Dorsinville Mohamed Badr Richard Lufrano Dominique Nisperos Jaime Lujan Daffodil Dennis John Fuller Bobbie Pollard Gerard Clock Michael Makdisi Kristina Varade Claudio Mazzatenta Michele Emmer Anthoula Poulakos Judite Dos Santos Jillian Baez Irina Lyublinskaya Graduate Center Loraine Obler Marguerite Lukes Nancy Derbyshire Andrea Gabor Fatemeh Pooyaei Mehr Betty Copeland Steven Mandelkorn Alejandro Varderi Daniel Mba Joseph Entin Wayne Powell Grazyna Drabik Vicky Baker Joseph Maher Elizabeth Adams Nathan Oglesby Sonia Maldonado Matthew Devany Naomi Gardberg Debra Popkin Rafael Corbalan Gail Mansouri E.J. Vaughn Nichole McDaniel Frank Episale Theodore Raphan Angel Estevez Alyson Bardsley Abraham Malz Olga Adebowale Andres Orejuela Jacinto Malespin Hendrik Dey Elisabeth Gareis Alfonso Quiroz Olivia Cousins Nicholas Marino Michael Volonakis John McFaul Ken Estey Mariana Regalado Paola Evangelista Michael Batson Michael Mandiberg Dongmyung Ahn Ricardo Otheguy Luzviminda Malihan Laura Di Bianco Michael Garral Harold Ramdass Leslie Craigo Carmen L. Martinez-Lopez Mike Vozick Emalinda McSpadden Spencer Everett Bernd Renner Scarlett Farray Frank Battaglia Dorothy Manganel Jean Anyon Cameron Pearson Synos Mangazva Sam Di Iorio Stephen Garrin Keith Ramig Michael Cramer Robert Masterson David Waldman Suzan Moss Joshua Feltman Nicholas Robbins Alan Feigenberg David J. Bauer Craig Manister Stanley Aronowitz Laila Pedro Kiran Matthews Maura Donohue Thomas Garvey Sara Remedios Francesco Crocco Catarina Mata Eulette Walker Sara Nadal-Melsió Margarite Fernandez Anselma Rodriguez Eric Fertuck William Bauer Lisa Manne Christopher Baum William Perez Janice Mauras Susan Donovan Jim Gatheral Sana (Oksanna) Reynolds Jody Culkin Fritz Mathurin, Jr. Wendy Washington Jawied Nawabi Olmos Nancy Romer Kevin Foster Sarah Benesch Lucas Marchante-Aragon Jill Belli Kristofer Petersen-Overton Edwin Mayorga Robert Dottin Charles Gengler Sharon Ricks Jonathan Dash Md Delwar Mazumder Jaime Weida Elizabeth Olana Malva Filer Karel Rose John Frisch Sarah Berger John Marinelli Kimberly Belmonte Anthony Picciano Paul McBreen Mark Dow Emil Gernert, Jr. Hala Rihan-Bonner Maria do Carmo de Stephanie Mazur Philip Weisman Moronke Oshin-Martin Dominick Finello Judith Rosenbaum Leopoldo Fuentes William Bernhardt Susan Marinelli Pennee Bender Naomi Podber Iris Mercado Michael Dowdy Andra Ghent Charles Riley Vasconcelos Chris McCarthy Debra Weiss Sharon Persinger Namulundah Florence Alfred Rosenberger Vicki Garavuso Arthur Binford Annette Marks Ellis Meredith Benjamin Molly Pulda Rafael Mutis Tony Doyle Donna Gitter Evelyn Roberts Margaret Dean Shane McConnell Selvin Wells Howard Pflanzer David Forbes Barbara Rosenfeld Ronny Garcia Erica Blatt Catherine Marvin Sheila Berman Conor Tomás Reed Nelson Nunez-Rodriguez Charles Drain Barbara Gluck Carl Rollyson Page Delano Barry McKernan Sarah Wessler Luis Pinto Charlene Forest Cliff Rouder John Garvey Louis Blois Rosemary McCall Michelle Billies Yonatan Reinberg Christine O’Reilly Rebecca Dresser Stephanie Golob Alan Rosenbloom Dolores Deluise Virginia McLoughlin Elizabeth Whitley Leonid Pomirchi Paul Forlano Florence Rubinson Michel Ghosn Roslyn Bologh Dan McCloskey Michael Blim John Ribeiro Nat Osoria Grayson Earle Michael Goodman Barbara Katz Rothman Leticia Dinkins John T. Means Nathan Whyte Mary Refling Len Fox Helen Rubinstein Michael Green Kelly Bradbury Lillian McIsaac Stephen Blum Nancy Saieh Zvi Ostrin Ilze Earner Gail Graves Hannah Rothstein Diane Dowling Yolanda Medina Cheryl Williams Ahmed Reid Victor Franco Ira Rudowsky Hazel Hankin Patricia Brady Edward Meehan Roberto Bongiovanni Alicia Sainer Hakim Oumarir Laurel Eckhardt Carol-Leisa Gray Stanley Sanders Albert Duncan Shari Mekonen Gail R. Williams Angel Resto Margaret Galvan Marie Rutkoski Jameel Haque David Bridston Ben Mercer Christin Bowman Edward Sammons Vladimir Ovtcharenko Marc Edelman Alison Griffiths Hagop Sarkissian Beryl Duncan Wilson Yuliya Meltreger Michael Winetsky Carlos Manuel Rivera William Gargan David Sage Ralph Harrelson Matthew Brim Gerry Milligan John Boy Antonia Santangelo Luis Pelicot Alex Elinson David Gruber Donald Schepers Hassan El Houari Howard Meltzer Claire Wladis Yaser Robles-Munguia Douglas Geers Viraht Sahni Hope Hartman Andrew Brooks Sherry Millner Anick Boyd Jesse Schwartz Lee Phillips Irwin Epstein Joanne Grumet Barbara Schreiber Juliet Elkind-Cruz Nicholas Merolle Josh Wolfson Wladyslaw Roczniak Helen Georgas Anjana Saxena Aya Hayashi Patricia Brooks Raul Miranda Joshua Brown Lia Schwartz Rupert Phillips Susan Epstein Kenneth Guest Seymour Schulman Francis Elmi Holly Messitt Igor Zaitsev Julia Miele Rodas Arnaud Gerspacher Charles Schnabolk Thomas Heymann Edward Brown Grace Mitchell Jeffrey Broxmeyer Richard Schwartz Felipe Pimentel Kenneth Erickson Christopher Hallowell Morris Schwartz Aziz Elmrini Owen Meyers Joanne Zak Crystal Rodriguez Fabio Girelli-Carasi Roseanne Schnoll Laura Hinton Emmel Brown Shaibal Mitra Maryellen Cahill Shifra Sharlin Juan Preciado Stuart Ewen Bert Hansen Sibyl Schwarzenbach Maria Enrico Glenn Miller Shirley Zaragoza Kenneth Roff Anna Gotlib David Seidemann Jenny Horne Alison Brunell Margaret Molinari Steven Cahn Christopher Silsby Walter Rada Michael Fabricant Thomas Harbison Sankar Sen Alberto Errera Harry Miller Joyce Zonana Amerigo Rossi Michael Goyette Alycia Sellie Sally Hoskins Jeffrey Bussolini Barbara Montero Hillary Caldwell Erin Siodmak Faina Riftina Paolo Fasoli Arie Harel Tansen Sen Liana Erstenyuk Charles Mohan Charles Zorn Tamar Rothenberg Jean Grassman Robert Shapiro William Hunt Arthur Cacace Mary Jeanette Moran Joel Capellan Julie Skurski Marta Rivera Jana Feinman Giora Harpaz Beth Seplow Janet Esquirol Joyce Moorman Philipp Rothmaler Frank Grasso Russell Sharman Stephen Jablonsky Tracy Campbell Nuria Morgado Mary Ann Caws Neil Smith Peter Roman Leonard Feldman Bryant Hayes Satyarth Sethi Donelle Estey Paul Moran Bronx Cc Nicole Saint-Louis James Greenberg Timothy Shortell Chadwick Jenkins Abhijit Champanerkar Michael Morreale Chadia Chambers Samadi Yair Solan Howard Rothman Mira Felner Sonali Hazarika Emily Sherwood Jill Falzoi Marie Morgan Abass Abdullahi Dee Savoy Philip Greenberg Jessica Siegel Gretchen Johnson Emile Chi Fred Naider Priya Chandrasekaran David Sorkin Debasish Roy Kristin Ferguson-Colvin Frank Heiland J. 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Skinner Gerard Haggerty Dina Sokol Nir Krakauer Jonathan Cope Sara Paul Fernando Contreras Patrick Sweeney Olga Steinberg Luis Francia Peter Hitchcock Cheryl Smith Emmanuel Fode Anum Nyako John Asimakopoulos Rosa Solano Keith Harrow Harris Solomon Orly Krasner Linda Coull Ralf Peetz Vincent Crapanzano Suzanne Tamang Janet Tanke Dustin Freeley David Hoffman Gregory Snyder Kathleen Saavik Ford Kathleen Offenholley Seher Atamturktur Latchman Somenarain Mobina Hashmi Irene Sosa John Krinsky Todd Craig Mike Phillips Satarupa Das Cynthia Tobar Julie Trachman James Freeman Phillip Hogue Mark Spergel Charles Foster Stephanie Oppenheim John Athanasourelis Karen Taylor Katherine Hejtmanek Collette Sosnowy Devendra Kumar Kate Crehan Bertram Ploog Ashley Dawson Abigail Turner Alia Tyner Allan Frei Gary Hotko Michael Staub Roger Foster Elena Oumano Soubeika Bahri Franklin Thomas Zoraida Hernandez Patricia Stapleton Claudia Lascar Joanne Cresci Andrew Poje Jose Del Valle Alissa Vaillancourt Rosa Velázquez Akiyo Furukawa Armen Hovakimian CJ Suzuki Elizabeth Fow Bernardo Pace Robert Baskerville George Timko James Hoff Karl Steel Heather Laurel Rafael de la Dehesa Sarah Pollack Iris Delutro Andrea Vasquez Dora Villa-Gonzalez Rita Gabis Aaron Barlow Evelyn Barish Robert Singleton Inas Kelly Susaan Alaiz Losada April Heron Mike Ritchie Linda Barley Nancye Barthelemy Robert Bauer Carol Smith Theodore Kesler Georganne Albanese Jeff Hest Bob Rogers Aegina Barnes David Barthold Lenore Beaky Karen Smith Akhtar Khan Peter Alimaras Patricia Hickey William Rogers Stephen Barrera Nadia Benakli Karen Beatty Ian Spatz Chin Kim Michael Altimari Susan Hock Barbara Rome John Baxter Fouad Bennani Renato R. Bellu Ann Sprayregen Judith Kimerling Sobeyda Alvarez Todd Holden Phillip Roncoroni George Bercovitz Jackie Berger Joel Berger Elizabeth Starcevic Sari Kisilevsky Kimberly Ambruso Robert Holt James Rosa Robert Brugna Monica Berger Selman A. Berger Philip Stern Gerald Koeppl Antonella Ansani Larisa Honey Monica Rossi-Miller Linglan Cao Oleg Berman Joanne Bernstein Jon-Christian Suggs Michael Krasner Christian Anyanwu Ralph Hurtado Julia Rothenberg Iara Cardo Jerry Berrol Frederick Binder Florence Tager Kai Krienke Moulay Driss Aqil Rosemary Iconis David Rothman John Casey Seymour Blank Paul Bobb Elaine Taibi Steven Kruger Raul Armendariz Susan Jacobowitz Kathleen Rowe Donna Chirico Douglas Bolling Jack Bolen Miriam Tausner Sanjai Kumar Ellen Arnold Mohammad Javdan Carol Rudnick Coleen Clay Marianna Bonanome Patricia Bramwell Martin Tiersten Maria La Russo Indra Avens Claudine Jean Baptiste Steven Rudnick Janice Cline Daria Bouadana Leticia Brereton Joyce Toney David Lahti Omar Ayed Christophe Jimenez Luz Marina Ruiz Charles Coleman Petition to repeal & replace Pathways Monique Breeland Francine Brewer Jose M. Torres-Santiago Alan Landes Peter Bales Chong Jue Andrew Russell Mathew Corcoran Mary Browne Keener Brian Phyllis Tortora Barbara Lane Judith Barbanel Sasan Karimi Irina Rutenburg Timothy Corkery Candido Cabo Renate Bridenthal Steven Trimboli John Lange Chernor Barrie Allan Kashkin Laura Sabani Samira Daher Bernardo Justin Campoy Stanley Brodsky Jose A. Troche Robert Lanson Tina Bayer Felice Katz Andrea Salis Louis D’Alotto Jennifer Gaboury Rolando Perez Kathleen Collins Valli Rajah Shara Sand Juliana Maantay Daniel Capruso Paul Broer Leonard Vogt Eric Lehman Robert Becker Simran Kaur Melida Sanchez Kristin Davies Jacqueline Gaffney Sharon Perkins Blanche Wiesen Cook Jason Rauceo La Guardia Cc Matthew Sarkowicz Ruben Maillo Pozo Steve Caputo Arline Bronzaft Gloria Waldman Edmund Leites Lawerence Bentley Kerry Keegan Maurizio Santoro Sarah Delahousse Helen Gasser Magdalena Perkowska Al Coppola Caroline Reitz Yusuf Abdul-Wali Jon Saul Radhashree Maitra Holly Carley Helen Cairns Clara Watnick Lucia Lermond Diana Berkowitz Wayne Kennedy David Sarno Linda Dill Caroline Gelman Michael L. 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Gieseking Laura Sue Phillips Yasmin Dalisay Peter Romaniuk Christopher Alexander Charity Scribner Susan Markens Konstantin Chmakov William Chace Cynthia Whittaker Harriet Li Aithne Bialo-Padin Shannon Kincaid Joseph Schwartz Stephen Fearnley Christopher Gilbert Isabel Pinedo Silvia Dapia Irma Romero Avis Anderson David Seiple Janis Massa Majeedul Chowdhury Norah Chase Jean Winter Suzanne Li Lawrence Blake David Klarberg Vincenzo Selleri Laura Fishman Donna Gill Laura Piscitello Gregory Darling Raul Romero Karen Anderson Jane Selden Julie Maybee Marilyn Cortell Norbert Chencinski Thomas Woods Mandana Limbert Cheryl Bluestone Elaine Klau Jed Shahar Michael Flynn Michael Gitlin Gus Pita Lyell Davies Israel Rosenfield Brenda Anthony Stefanie Sertich John Mayher K. A. Cuordileone Leo Chosid Robert Wurman Anastasiya Lipnevich Dona Boccio Elana Klein Stephanie Shapoff Jean Francois Nancy Giunta Andrew Polsky James De Lorenzi Lydia Rosner Jennifer Aponte Ahmed Shamim Lowery McClendon Frances Danna Daniel Claster Irwin Yellowitz Michael Lipsey Joyce Boffert Ilka Kobets Vazgen Shekoyan Shirley Frank Jeremy Glick Tim Portlock Kojo Dei Sue Ellen Rothberger Jose Araujo Karim Sharif Shawn McDaniel Frank De Zego Jim Cohen Keena Lipsitz Aranzazu Borrachero Marlene Kohavy Scott Sherman Miriam Fried Tami Gold Alison Powell Mary Di Lucia Linda Rourke Gilberto Arroyo Miriam Shelton John McDonald Ann Delilkan Diego Colón Queens College Alexander Lisyansky Rituparna Bose Dimitrios Kokkinos David Shimkin Tomas Galan Inna Goldberg Pedro Prado-Ocegueda Noelia Diaz Stuart Rudin Rashida Aziz Sigmund Shen Cameron McNeil Peter Deraney Kermit Cook Nancy Agabian Heysel Llopis-Rodas Anne-Marie Bourbon Anthony Kolios Jun Shin Crystal George-Moses William Goldstein Michael Predmore James Digiovanna Dan Rudofossi Yelena Baishanski Lily Shohat Abigail Mellen Dominick Desantis Richard Currie Ammiel Alcalay Elizabeth Lowe Cecelia Braxton Ron Kornfeld Alicia Sinclair Samuel Ghelli Harriet Goodman Gerald Press Noe Dinnerstein Alexander Schlutz Lakshmi Bandlamudi Rick Shur Chiseche Mibenge Andrew Douglas Stephen Daitz Joel Allen Moya Luckett Daniel Britt Aaron Krac Aaron Slodounik Carly Gieseler James Gordon Jonathan Prince Artem Domashevskiy Ellen Sexton Jennifer Baumgartner Martha Siegel Francisco Montano Lois Dreyer Isaias de Jesus Christa Altenstetter Allan Ludman Michael Brozinsky Andrea Kreinik Kerri-Ann Smith Edwin Gomez Steven Gorelick Julia Przybos Kirk Dombrowski Francis Sheehan Lara Beaty John Silva Oscar Montero Lam Duong Victor De Leon Andres Andrade Pokay Ma Arnold Bueso Joel Kuszai Joyce Sobel Lidia Gonzalez Mariana Goycoechea Gary Quigley John Donaldson Suzanne Sherbell Maxine Berger Diana Silverman Pablo Moraga Malcolm Ebanks Emilio de Torre Mark Anson-Cartwright Susan Macmillan Patricia Burke Wei Lai Boris Sorkin John Graffeo Sandra Granizo Emily Raabe Meghan Duffy Andrew Sidman Nancy Berke Christophe Smith Brian Morgan Stephen Essien Anthony Derosa Nancy Armao Miki Makihara Trikartikaningsih Byas Sharon Lall-Ramnarine Deleri Springer Sherrian Grant-Fordham Tamara Green Laxmi Ramasubramanian Mathieu Dufour Catherine Siemann Mark Blackman Rebekah Smith Janet Munch Kate Falvey Diane DiMartino Eleanor Armour-Thomas Irving Markovitz Sandra Bygave Dozier Mark Lamoureux Julian Stark Linda Maria Grasso Deborah Greenblatt Rosa Alicia Ramos Janice Dunham Carmen Solis Bruce Brooks Patricia Sokolski Manuel Munoz Jane Tainow Feder Jackie DiSalvo Maria Argyros Jose Martinez Torrejon Thea Callender Linda Landau Regina Sullivan Michele Gregory Anneta Greenlee Shirley Raps Jennifer Dysart John Sorrentino Jean Buckley Rochelle Spencer Martin Muntzel Andrea Ferroglia Anthony Drago Arto Artinian Richard Maxwell Carol Campbell Cary Lane Zinnat Sultana Cynthia Haller Veronica Gregg Jeremy Rayner Nancy Egan John Staines Evelyn Burg Marie C. Spina Mark Murphy Eileen Fischer Emil Draitser Sandra Babb Richard McCoy Peter Campbell Matthew Lau Elizabeth Suter Ian Hansen Elizabeth Gross Angela Reyes Jonathan Epstein Abby Stein Daisy Bustio Priscilla Stadler Theresa Murphy Rosalyn Forbes Tibbi Duboys Marcia Baghban Allison McGovern Gina Capozzoli Theodore Lauer Sylvia Svitak Jacqueline Herranz- Josh Grumet Luke Reynolds Peggy Escher John Stern Jeremey Cagle Denise Steeneck Melvyn Nathanson Brad Fox Philip Eggers Mitchell Baker Basir Mchawi Regina Cardaci Frances Lee Emily Tai Brooks Owen Gutfreund Carol Rial Diana Falkenbach Lisette Stern James Cantwell Carolyn Sterling-Deer Zelda Newman Aydee Garcia James Fahey Alexander Bauer Cecilia McHugh Diane Carey Eugene Leff John Talbird Claudia Hortua Adele Haft Felix Rivera Ian Finlay Jonathan Stillo Thomas Carlomusto Allen Stevens Nancy Novick Joe Gershoff Samuel Farber Elissa Bemporad Diana Meckley Naydu Carmona Joanne Leo Meg Tarafdar Che-Tsao Huang John Hammond Inez Rivera-Pena Simon Fortin Jill Strauss Edward Cen Maritza Straughn-Willia Deirdre O’Boy Laura Ghezzi Rogelio Fernandez Barbara Berg James Mellone Robert Cavanna Antoine Leveque Alex Tarasko Wenying Huang-Stolte Barbara Hampton Amy Robbins Kyle Francis Staci Strobl Omar Chakhtoun David Styler Matthew O’Dowd Urmi Ghosh-Dastidar Ellen Fine David Berkman Diane Menna Mike Cesarano Phyllis Levine Mangala Tawde Marc Huberman Cheryl Harding Dennis Robbins Patricia Franz Timothy Stroup Linda Chandler George Sussman John Ongley Anthony Giovannetti John Flowers Susan Bernofsky Vinod Menon Chianli Chen David Lieberman Elaine Thompson William Hughes Garrett Hauschild Mary Rocco Sarah Friedland Charles Strozier Eric Cimino Gordon Tapper Tim Paget Georgianna Glose Susan Forman Jeffrey Bird Susan Meswick Steven Cheng Lanshiang Lin Eileen Tittmann Samuel Hux Alan Hausman Dennis Rodriguez Jane Galehouse Harold Sullivan Lorraine Cohen Paula Teitelbaum Victor Pan Tanya Goetz William Foster, Jr. Kevin Birth Nick Metas Carol Chen-Shea Maan Lin Matthew Trachman Mohamed Iratni Donna Haverty-Stacke Francis Rodriguez Michele Galietta Sandra Swenson Diane Colon Lynne Teplin Michele Panossian John Graham Philip Freedman Robert Bittman Krystyna Michael Tak Cheung Martine Lindquist Amy Traver Zhani Joanidhi Jennifer Hayashida Harry Rodriguez Robert Garot Margaret Tabb Barbara Comins Andi Toce Miguel Perez Rigofredo Granados Bill Friedheim Ryan Black Sara Michael Luna Georgina Colalillo Isabella Lizzul George Tremberger, Jr. Diatra Jones Maria Hernandez-Ojeda Maria Rodriguez Gerald Garvey Dana Tarantino Carrie Conners Alan Trevithick Terri Peterson Stephen Grod Rosalie Friend Melissa Bobe Corinne Michels Jolene Collins Helmut Loeffler Monica Trujillo Kelly Josephs Roberto Herrera Alison Rogers Napoleon Filloreta Gashi Douglas Thompkins Timothy Coogan T. Tsao Manfred Philipp Raffael Guidone Ruth Frisz Stephane Boissinot Marvin Milich Cheryl Comeau-Kirschner Maria Longobardi Rebecca Tsai Katharine Keenan Mark Hillery Mary Roldan Jay Gates Shirley Toplan Stephen Cormany Lilliam Valdes-Diaz Ruby Phillip Ezra Halleck Nanette Funk Barbara Bowen Joseph Mills Neil Connolly John Luby Paul Tschinkel Timothy Kirk David Julian Hodges Jonathan Rosenberg Arlene Geiger Elzbieta Tracz Steven Cosares Debbie Van Cura Massimo Pigliucci Richard Hanley Adriana Garcia John Bowman James Moore Jeffrey Connors Barbara Lynch A. Tsiola Lloyd Klein Maria Hodges Karen Rostron Katie Gentile Antoinette Trembinska Catherin Costa Phyllis Van Slyck Penny Prince Carole Harris Ernest Garthwaite Justin Bracken Wayne Moreland Caroline Coppola Bryn Mader Ann Tullio Andrea Krauss Gavin Hollis Jessica Rothman Kostas Georgatos Lucia Trimbur Kenneth Cottrell Cheyenne VanCooten Vincent Prohaska Mitchell Harris Lola Gellman Andre Bregegere Michael Mossman Beth Counihan Thomas Madigan Jannette Urciuoli Joanne Lavin Mee-Len Hom Alex Roy Mary Gibson Christopher Trogan Linda Croson Eduardo Vianna Anna Purves Madeline Harrow Barbara Gerber-Krasner Francesca Bregoli Kristin Mozeiko John Cruz Jose Luis Madrigal Joseph Vallone Tania Levey Danise Hoover Randye Rutberg Frank Gimpaya Chad Turner Salvador Cuellar Jeanne Viviani Susan Quarrell Susan Hein Thomas J. Gerson Patrick Brock Esther Muehlbauer Joe Culkin Tara Maloney Justine Marie Vickers Glenn Lewis Morgan Horowitz Francesco Sacchini Rachael Goldman Greg Umbach Josephine Curatolo George Walters Anne Reid Mark Hellermann Nicholas Gilroy Bruce Brown Roopali Mukherjee James Cutrone Jennifer Maloy Diego Villada Zulema Luna Naja Hougaard Howard Sage Jessica Gordon Nembhard Davidson Umeh Catherine Daviton-Burland Francine White Andrew Robertson Earl Hill Phyllis Gluck Claudia Brumbaugh William Muraskin Suzanne D’Agnes Scott Davi Mancha Kathleen Villani Basdeo Mangru C. Huffman Anthony Sainz William Gottdiener Roberto Visani Michele De Goeas-Malone Dilrukshan Wijesinghe Ada Rodriguez Charles Hirsch Mark Goldberg Jonathan Buchsbaum Brian Murfin Steven Dahlke Gene J. Mann Gilmar Visoni Sarah Marranca Siochain Hughes Joseph Salemi Samuel Graff Maurice Vodounon Ruth Dewey James Wilson Roy Rogers Morris Hounion Jeffrey Golland Wesley Buckwalter Premila Nadasen Sarah Danielsson Peter Marchitello Rosanne Vogel Farley Mawyer Emmy Hunter Haydee Salmun Jonathan Gray Margaret Wallace Susan Dorrington Xiaoping Yen Astrid Roldan Alan Huffman Donald Goodman Glenn Burger Michael Newman Sara Danzi Debra Maslanko Edward Volchok Daniel McGee Karen Hunter Jade Sanchez-Ventura Amy Green Martin Wallenstein Richard Dragan Rachel Youens Rafael Rosado Mewburn Humphrey Cynrhi Gordon-Cooper Henry Burnett Jeff Nichols Umberto D’Arista Hayes Mauro Sheldon Wald Elizabeth Meddeb Salman Hussain Lisa Sarti Laura Greenberg Alisse Waterston Jennifer Dujat Shenglan Yuan David Rosenthal Shah Huq Dolores Gracian Harvey Burstein Roy Nitzberg Aaron Deetz Azita Mayeli Patrick Wallach Eric Metcalf Ainoa Inigo Francesca Sautman Maria Grewe Carl Watson Sarah Durand Yu Zhang Christine Rota-Donahue Stephen James Joan Greenbaum Mary Bushnell Greiner Joan Nix Sunil Dehipawala Susan McLaughlin Jilani Warsi Patricia Milanes Erika Iverson Monica Schinaider Jillian Grose-Fifer Valerie West Francine Egger-Sider Deborah Rubin Sunghoon Jang Dolores Greenberg Juan Caamano Judith Nysenholc Michel Dematteis Edward McNally Dolores Weber Regina Misir Judith Jablonka Jennifer Scully Louis Guinta Josh Wilson Berton Eisenstadt Law School Kevin Sailor Nancy Jeudy Joan Gregg Phyllis Cannon-Pitts Jennifer Oates Elise Denbo Linda Meltzer Judy Wein Kathariya Mokrue Peter Jackson Portia Seddon Thomas Hafer Alan Winson Garrett Eisler Frank Deale Ekaterina Salmanova Thomas Johnstone Lois Griffith Theresa Caporossi William Offenbaker Arthurine DeSola Lisa Mertz Paul Weiss Mychel Namphy Candice Jenkins Ezra Shahn Jay Hamilton Janet Winter Cesar Elescano Sidney Harring Victoria Sanford Julia Jordan Charles Guzzetta Clare Carroll Gregory O’Mullan Patricia Devaney Eddy Mesidor Kathleen Wentrack Jasmine Narcisse Abigail Jewkes Roger Sherwood Les Hansen Daryl Wout Jose Fabara Rachel Schiff Laina Karthikeyan Edward Hack Jeffrey Cassvan Rafael Ovalle Ellen Donnelly Pedro Meza Eileen White Rishi Nath Gregory Johnson Sigmund Shipp Nicole Hanson James Wulach Xiwu Feng Lehman College Robert Schneider Neil Katz Dorathea Halpert Peter Chabora Sherry Overholt Joan Dukes Ida Miletich Stephen Whitlock Kay Neale Dean Johnston Zachary Shirkey Richard Haw Kathryn Wylie Christine Fernandez Evelyn Ackerman Jason Schulman Roman Kezerashvili Barbara Hanning Daniel Chapuis Megan Paslawski Helene Dunkelblau Joan Miller Stephanie Williams Trong Nguyen Hermine Jones Jane Shmidt Yi He Philip Yanos Thomas Fink Alice Akan Heather Sloan K. M. Faisal Khan John Harbeson Amy Chazkel Ekaterina Pechenkina Verena Dunnigan Namjong Moh Bernard Woychowski Lindelwa Ntutela Leigh Jones Laurence Shore David Heayn Daniel Yaverbaum Michael Fiorillo Jonathan Alex Constance Smith-Munson George Kiezik Joan Hartman Arthur Chitty Stephen Pekar Joan Dupre Janice Molloy Jenny Wu Lissette Nunez Stefanie A. Jones Dina Siddiqi Christine Hegarty Barbara Young Eve Fischthal Peter Alexanderson Marilyn Sokol Paul King Murray Hausknecht Seo-Young Chu Maurice Peress Peter Eckstein Anthony Monahan Weier Ye Peter Nwaobi Svetlana Jovic Ruth Sidel Elizabeth Hegeman Elizabeth Yukins Louise Fluk Takiyah Ali Thomas C. Spear Ronda King Iris Hawkins Nicholas Coch Daniel Phillips Megan Elias Kip Montgomery Liisa Yonker Patricia Ogle Jonathan Kalb Jared Simard Jeffrey Heiman Claudia Zuluaga Alcira Forero-Pena Pamela Ansaldi Naomi Spence Virginia Knight Irvin Heard Paul Cohen Francois Pierre-Louis Sharon Ellerton Megan Moran Lana Zinger Timothy Paglione Carolyn Kane Shana Smith Anissa Helie Linda Forrester Diane Auslander Robyn Spencer German Kolmakov George Held Alyson Cole Anita Pinzi Barbara Emanuele Will Mulligan Nancy Palladino Sonia Kane Isabel Sobral Campos Kimberly Helmer Kingsborough Cc Kelsey Fox Emakoji Ayikoye Vincent Stefan Boyan Kostadinov Ruth Herz John Collins Donald Pirone Florence Stathis Farrat Jean Murley Research Foundation James Papa Laura Kaplan Gheorghe Solotchi Veronica Hendrick Gavin Adair Michael Frank Flavia Bacarella Philip Suchma Arthur Kramer John Holland Paulina Colon Thomas Plummer Franca Ferrari-Bridgers Louis Nashelsky Shirley Bruce Robert Parmet Roger Karapin Maria Solotchi Joan Hoffman Gregory Aizin Eiko Fukuda Bertrade Banoum Zoltan Szabo Jean Kubeck Nellie Horne Nancy Comley Wendy Powers Wilma Fletcher-Anthony Yamit Nassiri Phyllis Figueroa Charlotte Patton Judith Katz Claire Sommers Dennis Hood Anthony Alessandrini Rebecca Fullan Darina Bejtja Duane Tananbaum Reneta Lansiquot Ingrid Hughes Maureen Connor Timothy Pugh George Fragopoulos Charles Neuman Lia Molero Harrynauth Persaud Sue Kawashima Debbie Sonu Elizabeth Hovey William Allen Kristen Gallagher Kofi Benefo M. L. Temi Elaine Leinung John Hyland Nicole Cooley Patricia Rachal Lisa Freeland Kristin Nicholls Valerie Nelson Lawrence Preiser Richard Kaye Arlene Spark Ann Huse Carlos Arguelles Ximena Gallardo Steven Birnbaum Minda Tessler Lufeng Leng Richard Isaac Jennifer Coplin Arnold Ramsaran Elaine Friedman Donald Nicosia James Pope Frank Pritchard Laura Keating Annie Spencer Patricia Iacobazzo Frank Armada Jack Gantzer Rchard Blot Janette Tilley Anne Leonard Godfrey Isaacs Alberto Cordero Karen Regen Steven Frishman Peter Novick Lorraine Towns Dawn Roberts-Semple John Keegan Lee Spencer Samantha Iverson Eleanor Bader Ira Gerald Ralph William Boone Asako Tochika Linda Lerner Norman Isaacson Morena Corradi Alex Reichl Ronald Fusco Carrie O’Dell Daniel Robie Marthe Keller Richard Stapleford Jack Jacobs Carla Beeber Judith Gex Zenaida Bough Xavier Totti Robert Leston Dorothy James Marisol Cortes Mindi Reich-Shapiro Nidhi Gadura Holly O’Donnell School Of Theresa Rooney Karen Kern Bernard Stein Charles Jennings Valerie Bell Cindy Giustra Andrea Boyar Terry Towery Hong Li Ellen Mosen James Sarah Covington Charles Repole Susan Garcia Grace Ola Professional Studies Beth Rosenthal Christina Kim Linda Stein Matthew Johnson Judith Berger Laurie Gluck Russell Bradshaw Erja Vettenranta Victoria Lichterman Lee Jenkins Emily Curtin David Richter Luisa Garcia-Conde Alan Oppenheim Clifford Conner Debbie Rowe Kimberly Kinsler Brad Stoller Olivera Jokic Boran Beric Nurper Gokhan Chris Brandon Alyson Vogel Hui Liu Steven Jervis Alexandra Cvejic Kathleen Riley Stanley Garfunkel Melvyn Oshen Charlyn Hilliman Howard Ruttenberg Frank M. Kirkland Christopher Stone Delores Jones-Brown Robert Blaisdell Lynne Goldhammer Jean Bresnahan Bryan Warde Yili Liu Peter Jonas Amy David Morey Ritt Roger Gatti Jose Osorio Nancy Hoch Fabiola Salek Ellen Tobey Klass Amy Stuart Sarah Jordan Natasha Boatswain Lilik Gondopriono Herbert Broderick Esther Wilder Eric Lobel Jacob Judd Grace Davie Leonard Rodberg Susan Gelbman Phyllis Pace Kitty Krupat Cosim Sayid Matthew Knip Mark Sussman Barbara Josiah Jacqueline Brady Luis Gonzalez Melissa Brown Amanda Wunder Ariyeh Maller George Kanganis Jacqueline Davis Igor Rodriguez John Gilleaudeau Kee Park Penny Lewis Mark Schuller Yukiko Koga Carole Taylor Marlene Kandel Donald Brown Mabel Gonzalez Grace Bullaro Steven Wyckoff Nicholas Manos Edgar Kann Harriet Davis-Kram Domenico Romero Ken Golden Kenneth Pearl Stephanie Luce Claire Serant Gail Elizabeth Korn Mary Taylor Susan Kang Caitlin Cahill Sylvia Gonzalez Eric Calyo Suzanne Yates Natasha Marcano Dillon Jaafar Kassem-Ali Ann Davison David Ronis Joseph Goldenberg Philip Pecorino Gregory Mantsios Tonya Shearin-Patterson Gary Krasilovsky Elias Theodoracopoulos Karen Kaplowitz Shannon Caravello Mike Granger Eleanor Campbell Devrim Yavuz David Marshall Don Kelly Alexandra de Luise Marcy Rosen Eva Goldhammer Jesse Pena Padraig O’Donoghue Scott Sheidlower Beatrice Krauss Charles Tien Helen Kapstein Bruce Chadwick Joseph Greco Rosalind Carey Tom Young Joel Mason Glenn Kissack Maggie Dickinson Morris Rossabi Federica Goldoni Antoinette Peragine Ed Ott Yolanda Small Brad Krumholz Gail Tirana Andrew Karmen Dan Collins Gail Green-Anderson Natalie N. Caro Mark Zuss Sheila Miller David Kotelchuck Andrew Dicus Susan Rotholz Robert Goldsman Zivah Perel Linda Ridley Winsome Smickle Eckhard Kuhn-Osius Rita Tobin Jane Katz Robert Cowan Stafford Gregoire Paul Carrellas Elizabeth Milonas Dominick Labianca Donna Doyle William Rothstein Urszula Golebiewska Ramon Perez Francine Sanchez Patricia Solis Robert Kulesz Deborah Tolman Livia Katz Ann Del Principe Dorota Gustek Mary Carroll Medgar Evers College Helga Moor Frank Lagana Annmarie Drury Caroline Rupprecht Rosa Gomez Richard Perrotto Claudia Shacter- Dorothy Staub Paul Kurzman Sylvia Tomasch Allison Kavey Kristin Derimanova Sandra Hanson Diana Cassells Ijaz Ahmed Gary Morgan David Laibman Timothy Eaton Andrew Saderman Nidia Gonzalez Sandra Peskin Dechabert Lorraine Stern Kenny Kwong Renato Tonelli Alicia Kelly John Descarfino Helen Havis Marsham Castro Shermane Austin Jane Mushabac John Lally Jennifer Eddy Jennifer Sainato Emily Gordon Joan Petersen Lacey Sischo Karen Taborn Peter Kwong Viviana Torrero Richard Kempter Elizabeth Dill Elliot Hearst Jaspal Chatha Obasegun Awolabi Mustapha Nadmi Sol Lapatine Susan Einhorn Line Saint-Hilaire Melvin Gorelick Nancy-Laurel Pettersen Mariahadessa Tallie Marina Lalayants Victor M. Torres-Velez Kimora Voorhees Dunn Richard Henry Haiping Cheng Stanley Bajue Rita Nae Stephen Leberstein Mara Einstein Manuel Sanudo Joan Granston Brian Pickett York College Virginia Thompson Enrique Lanz Oca Corbett Treece Erica King-Toler Abraham Edelheit Ana Maria Hernandez Stuart Chen-Hayes Ivor Baker Sonia Natiello Howard Lepzelter Hester Eisenstein James Saslow Karen Grant Dion Pincus Gila Acker Thomas Tilitz Matthew Lasner Alan Vardy Maria Kiriakova Maureen Fadem Rosa Herrera-Rodriguez Amod Choudhary Kathleen Barker Jonathan Natov Dede Levinson Omri Elisha Dean Savage Alfonso Greco Mahmood Pournazari Stephen J. Addis D’amato Eva Vasquez Marnia Lazreg Diego Vargas Lawrence Kobilinsky Joseph M. Felser Carlos Hiraldo Mark Christian Freddie Battle Carmen Negron Gavin Lewis Chris Eng Bruce Saylor Wenli Guo Anthony Prato Kamrul Ahsan Francisco Villegas Jan Heller Levi Blanca Vazquez Ali Kocak Eieen Ferretti Noel Holton Eugene Chudnovsky Patricia Belcon Mary Nilles Walter Litvak Robert Engel Talia Schaffer David Gutmann Karan Puri Julia Ait-Ziane Susan Voll Michael Lewis Briana Viele Natalya Kotsek Lea Fridman Dustin Hovda John Cirace Raquel Bennett Giovanni Ossola Peter Martin Hugh English Veronica Schanoes William Haiby Maria Quiroga Frederick Allotey Steven Weisblatt Xiaojun Liao Richard Viola Jeffrey Kroessler Alfonso G. Osuna Linda Iannuzzo Robert Cohen Holdine Berlanger Mary Lou Ostling Gregory Matloff Cherice Evans Doreen Schmitt Ruchel Hammer Sherry Gil Rada Anthony Andrews Galila Werber-Zion Leah Light John Wallach Thomas Kubic Sam Gale Darlene Intlekofer Alexandra Coller Jesus Bottaro Costas Panayotakis Pedro L. Maymi Paul Fadoul David Schober Eva Knebel Hampton Jan Ramjerdi Mesfi Araya George White Ludomir Lozny Nicole Wallenbrock Benjamin Lapidus P. J. Gammarano Reem Jaafar Tom Conroy Patricia Canson Steve Panford Cecelia McCall Duncan Faherty Ellen Scott Laurel Harris Eladia Raya William Ashton Anna Williams Martin Lucas Cynthia Walley Barry Latzer Libby Garland Maria Jerskey Paul Cummins Thomas Carlisle Peter Parides Joseph McElroy Nancy Falcon Miryam Segal Linda Hart Amalia Rechtman Nathan Austin Dora Wolosin Victoria Luine Elaine Walsh Kiezia Lawrence Ferzileta Gjika Heidi Johnsen Parmanand Dass Nelson Carrillo Kenneth Parker Lilia Melani Linda Farhood-Karasavva John Seley Richard Harvey Sharon Reeves Susan Austin T. C. Wu Andrew Lund Traci Warkentin Anru Lee Cindy Greenberg Rebekah Johnson Joseph Dauben Kamau Chow-Tai Marie Parnes Joan P. Mencher Harry Feiner Arthur Shippee Rouya Hashemi Constance Rehor Lilit Bajaj Brian Yeung Harriet Luria Marie Warmbold Sondra Leftoff Brian Hack Jacqueline Jones Tushini De Soyza Clinton Crawford Michael Pasternack Sally Mettler Claudia Feldstein Timothy Short Tirandai Hemraj-Benny Seth Reisner Margaret Ballantyne Xiaodan Zhang Shahana Mahajan Barbara Webb Michael Leippe Rena Hagver Dawn Jordan Juan J. Delacruz Sallie Cuffee Ralf Philipp Gerald Meyer Beverly Fenig Yunzhong Shu Janice Mahinka Stewart Weiss Nathan Lents Edward Hajj Demetrios Kapetanakos Eric Delson Judith Daly Ronald Platzer Vivian Michaels Sujatha Fernandes Sian Silyn Roberts Shafer Mahoney Barbara Welter Johanna Lessinger Wm. Richard Hickerson Karen Kearns J.R. Desimone Herbert Edwards Lisa Pope Fischer John Mineka Alvaro Fernandez Barbara Simerka Neepa Maitra Henry Wermer-Colan Patricia Licklider Rachel Ihara Neil Kernis Kultej Dhariwal Chukwumeziri Ezuma Charles Porter Ruth Misheloff Eva Fernández Mark Simon Ramesh Mallipeddi Stephen Wetta Marva Lilly Sarwar Jahangir Samuel Kleinplatz Mario Digangi Susan Fischer Ali Ragoub Charles Molesworth Gloria Fisk Suzanna Simor Einat Manoff Monique Whitaker Alexander Long Robin Kovat Karlyn Koh Maria DiPaolo Robin Ford Timothy Reinig Eileen Moran Lisa Flanzraich Rhoda Sirlin Luca Marchi Robert White Richard Lovely Suzanne Lafont Soloman Kone Casssandra Dobson Benjamin Franz Jonas Reitz Mark Nadel Nancy Foasberg Edward Smaldone Daniel Margocsy Simone White Amie Macdonald Thomas Lavazzi Ana Kosok Mine A. Doyran James Gaynor Alice Richardson Marilyn Neimark Mary Foote Martin Small Ivone Margulies Antoinette Williams Vincent Maiorino Frantz-Antoine Leconte Lisa Kremens Nancy Dubetz Izell Glover Johannah Rodgers Jacqueline M. Newman Diane Forte Janice Smith Have you signed? Francisco Martinez Claibourne Williams Andrew Majeske Georgia Lind William Kurzyna Sharif Elhakem Ethan Gologor Richard Rodney Peter Nigro Daniela Francisco Marcia Smith Elizabeth Martinez-Bilgrey Emily Williamson Nivedita Majumdar Manel Lledos Kevin Lathrop Martin Epstein Ernts Gracia Phyllis Rosenblatt Rhona Noll Joshua Freeman Phyllis Solomon Donna Masini David Winn Ipx Malkki Patrick Lloyd Arthur Lau Cecilia Espinosa Keshia Graham Randi Ross Jesus Nuevo Michael Friedman Shige Song Regina McBride Cindy Wishengrad Karen Malpede Jay Mancini Carole Lazorisak Carmen Esteves Verna Green Patricia Rudden Tony O’Brien Thomas Frosch Jon Sperling As of March 23, the PSC’s petition for the repeal Leigh McCallen Patricia Woodard Peter Mameli Mark Mangini Irwin Leopando Robert Feinerman Debbie Hamilton Jill Russell Patricia Oldham Joy Fuqua Ryan Sperry Bernadette McCauley Lei Xie Norma Manatu Theodore Markus Steven A. Levine Daniel Fernandez Richard A. Honeywell Nigel Salts Susan O’Malley David Gabel Joel Spring and replacement of Pathways had been signed by Suzanne McConnell Ming-Chin Yeh Evan Mandery Patricia Martucci Richard Lieberman Licia Fiol-Matta Wilbert Hope Cathy Santore Alex Orenstein Nicholas Gamso Karen Steuerwalt Bede McCormack H. Philip Zeigler Gerald Markowitz Martin Matthew Richard Litman Melvin Fitting Delridge Hunter James Schlefer Beth Pacheco Julian Gantt Gillian Stewart 4,189 CUNY faculty, staff and retirees. That’s just Lynn McCormick Aine Zimmerman Keith Markus Betsy McCully Louis Lucca Judith Fitzgerald Fayetta Jackson Karen Schmauk Sarah Papier Fred Gardaphe Sara Stinson Joe McElhaney Joel Zuker John Matteson Richard McLaughlin Daniel Lynch David C. Fletcher Linda Jackson Jeremy Seto Jane Paznik-Bondarin Judy Garelle Thomas Strekas the total so far – by the time you read this, the Camille McIntyre Sara McDougall Janice Mehlman Juan Maldonado Christy Folsom Vivaldi Jean-Marie Nadeem Shahzad James Perlstein Azriel Genack Gopal Subramaniam John McMahon John Jay College Adam McKible Igor Melamed Douglas Manson Bella Frankel Alfred Johnson Stanley Shapiro Drora Pershing Julie George Karen Sullivan number will certainly be higher. Susan Meiklejohn Sabura Abdur-Rashid Fran McManus Maribel Mendoza Edwin Mariano Bibi Gafur Tabora Johnson Sybil Shaver Gerald Pinciss David Gerwin Joseph Sungolowsky Evelyn Melamed Antoine Abraham Matthew Michaels Elizabeth Mulligan Christine Marks Dmitry Garanin Carolyn Jones Albert Sherman Martin Pine Carol Giardina Joseph Svitak Edgardo Melendez Erin Ackerman Jean Mills Maria Norako Hector Martinez Christopher Gerry Kiho Kim Harrison Simmons Paulette Plonchak- Hilail Gildin Larissa Swedell If you haven’t signed the petition yet, it’s not too Shant Melkonian Amy Adamczyk Aysha Mirza Joachim Oppenheim Lisset Martinez Sheila Gersh Silvius Klein Ekland Skifteri Dinnerstein Peter Glass Lila Swell Harmon Mercer Barbara Ajmone-Marsan Suad Mohamed Katherine Perea Lizzie McCormick Habib Girgis Lorraine Kuziw Maura Smale Jeanine Plottel Nora Glickman Izabella Taler late. You can sign online at tinyurl.com/PSC-PW- Matthew Mercier George Andreopoulos Jayne Mooney Stephen Petrus Thomas Meacham Ulises Gonzales Franky Laude Joseph Smith Richard Pollak Sue Goldhaber Nora Teikmanis Abigail Miller Brian Arbour Ashley Morgan James Phillips David Meadow Nancy Griffeth Anne Marie Leveille Michael Smith Betty Popper Stephanie Goldson Jason Tougaw Mark Miller Wanda Arriaga Sharon Morrison Ira Plutzker Philippe Mercier Maria Guinazu Robin Levenson Stephanie Smolinsky Chantal Prepetit Joseph Gong Rebecca Traynor petition – or print a paper copy at tinyurl.com/PSC- Todd Miller Colin Patrick Ashley Diana Moser Sharon Prince Karen Miller Amanda Gulla Andrea Loewenstein Olufemi Sodeinde Howard Prince Antonio Gonzalez Pierre Tribaudi Thomas Millioto Shelly Auster Catherine P. Mulder Anna Procyk Elizabeth Milner Elhum Haghighat Dominic Nwasike Armando Solis Peter Purchia Teresa Gonzalez John Troynaski PW-petition-PDF and gather signatures from your Ricardo Miranda Mobruka Azad David Munns Ella Puccio Donald Monaco Jonathan Halabi Wilson Obi Sarah Standing Morris Rabinowitz Marci Goodman Amy Tucker Franklin Mirer Andrea Balis Tracy Musacchio Stanley Rabinowitz Fernando Montoya Wayne Halliday Sunday Ogbuehi Kimberly Strickler Peter Ranis Harvey Gram Franklin Turner colleagues, too. (It’s all right if people sign both Jennifer Mitchell Dale Barleben Paul Narkunas Jennifer Radtke Marlon Morales Tomohisa Hattori Philip Oguagha Elaine Tannenbaum Lawrence Raphael Jeffrey Greenberg John Tytell Ines Miyares Carla Barrett Marco Fernando Navarro Varattur Reddy Claudia Moreno Pisano Stefanie Havelka Augustine Okereke Arnavaz Taraporevala Lynton Raphael Stephen Grover Lisa Vaia the paper petition and online. We’re being careful Terry Mizrahi Luis Barrios Bonnie Nelson Edward Rohrlich Eman Mosharafa Jack Henning Nancy Oley Ryoya Terao Patricia Reber Kimiko Hahn John Waldman Carmen Morano Seth Baumrin Charles Nemeth William Rooney Mary Nance-Tager Alan Hollander Grace Oyeamalu Carol Thomas Cordelia Reimers Nicole Hala Andrea Walkden to weed out any duplicates.) Stanley Moses Elton Beckett Pejman Norasteh Eric Rothenburg Elyse Newman Elizabeth Hollander Alexandra Petrou Junior Tidal Howard Reznikoff Murphy Halliburton Abe Walker Claus Mueller Judith Beekman Chris Noriega Morse Frances Ruoff Ernest Nieratka Cynthia Hosay Rodger Phillips Amra Tomlinson Evelyn Jones Rich Jeffrey Halperin Nathalis Wamba Paula Murphy Ellen Belcher Santos A. Núñez David Salb Burcin Ogrenir Anne Humpherys Karen Pitt Thomas Tradler Carol Rivera-Kron Jessica Harris Amy Wan The petition will be presented to CUNY’s trustees Casandra Murray Alina Bengochea Suzanne Oboler Emily Schnee Thomas Onorato Dene Hurley Maria Plochocki Carmen Valenzuela Sylvia Roberts Meghan Healey John Wang Ilaria Muzzi Adam Berlin Richard Ocejo Jacob Segal Steven Ovadia David Hyman Ian Ramsay Justin Vazquez-Poritz Carmelo Rodriguez Marc Helman Jiselle Warner in the last week of April. If you haven’t signed al- Christina Nadler Fred Bilenkis Susan Opotow Louis Shor Michelle Pacht Barbara Jacobson Benjamin Rand Shauna Vey Cicely Rodway Nancy Hemmes Frank Warren Radhika Nanda Marta Bladek Gabriel Paez Dale Siegel Maria Palau-Robotis Carlos Jerome Frank Riley, Jr. Lyubov Viglina Gordon Rogoff George Hendrey Joyce Warren ready and want to make sure your name is includ- Khursheed Navder Michael Blitz Daniel Paget Nicholas Skirka Terry Parker James Jervis Randy Robotham Celeste Waddy Sidney Rosenberg William Hersh Edisa Weeks Janet Neary Janice Bockmeyer Rosaly Pandolfo Mary Smith Larose Parris E. Jimenez Maria Luisa Ruiz Roger Wieber David Rothchild Amy Herzog Bette Weidman ed, please sign the petition by April 20. Again, you Elke Nicolai Victoria Bond Santiago Parga-Linares Valerie Sokolova Michelle Payne Elpidio Jimenez Alma Sanchez Thomas Wilk Catherine Rovira Michael Hickerson Karen Weingarten Jessica Nicoll Philip Bonifacio Hyunhee Park Bailin Song Jorge Perez Andrei Jitianu Rupam Saran Selwyn Williams Mary Rowan Carrie Hintz Alan Weinman can sign online at tinyurl.com/PSC-PW-petition. James Nikopoulos Avram Bornstein Cristina Patterson Michael Spear Ganga Persaud Lisa Jones Gary Seay James Wise Frederik Rusch Neal Hitzig John Weir Wenge Ni-Meister Margaret Bostwick Edward Paulino Nicholas Striga Virginia Peters Sharon Jordan Joanna Sit Phyllis Wolff Luciano Rusich Robin Hizme Gordon Whatley (And you can post this page in your department.) Kathleen Nokes Azinia Brooks Tara Pauliny Enid Stubin Virginia Peterson Gerhard Joseph Scharlene Snowden Richard Woytowich Rochelle Salins Nathalia Holtzman Chastity Whitaker Keith Okrosy David Brotherton Allison Pease Angela Toscano Amit Philips Daniel Kabat Waldaba Stewart Ken Yip Wilford Saunders Caroline Hong Christopher Winks Seamus O’Malley Erica Burleigh Jennifer Perillo Raluca Toscano Rochel Pinder-Cuffie Caatherine Kapphahn Bart van Steirteghem Nina Young Barbara Scheele Chrstine Howard Cassandra Winter For publication in this issue of Clarion, we’ve made Margarit Ordukhanyan Dara Byrne Matthew Perry Max Tran Holly Porter-Morgan Dimitra Karabali Senen Vivero Hong Yuan Joel Schwartz Hubert Howe Bob Wintermute Claudia Orenstein Claudia Calirman Nicholas Petraco Diana Treglia Sherrell Powell Donna Kirchheimer Rosemary Williams Lin Zhou Virginia Scott Tsai-Shiou Hsieh H. Roz Woll every effort to include all signatures that could be Rupal Oza Janice Capuana Michael Pfeifer Stephen Tumino Sreca Pweunovic Alan Kluger Doris Withers Alice Zinnes Wendy Scribner Emily John Simone Yearwood Donna Paparella Bettina Carbonell Anthony Phillips August Tuosto Kimberly Ramirez Patricia Kolb David Seeley James John Chuixiang Yi verified by press time. If you signed the petition Peter Parisi Anthony Carpi Julio Pina Lori Ungemah Thomas Regan Adam Koranyi New York City Tech Retirees Geore Shapiro Helen Johnson Serinity Young Katherine Parry John Catalinotto Daniel Pinello Lumin Wakoa Xavier Remigio Amy Larimer Vera Abdurakhmanova Suzanne Abruzzo Edward Shaughnessy Renee Jolles Andrew Yuan by March 23 but your name is not listed here, we William Parry Tim Cavale John P. Pittman Orlando Warren Joyce Rheuban Marc Lazarus Josephine Accumanno Ann Agranoff Paul Sheridan James Jordan Jack Zevin Andrew Pasternak Katarzyna Celinska Maria Elena Pizarro Donnalyn Washington Max Rodriguez Irene Leung Braneky Patricia Allaire Kenneth Sherrill Evelyn Julmisse Yan Zheng apologize – e-mail Doug Ferrari (dferrari@pscmail. Lesley Patrick Enrique Chavez-Arvizo Beata Potocki Barbara Weiserbs Justin Rogers-Cooper Teresita Levy Henry Africk Jacob Appleman Carol Sicherman Bobbie Kabuto Evan Zimroth George Patterson Shu-Yuan Cheng Mary Powers Eben Wood Mariajose Romero Humberto Lizardi Katie Albany Jack Arnow Gerald Sider Anupama Kapse James Paul Holly Clarke Gloria Proni Rina Yarmish Victor Rosa Cindy Lobel Andrea Allard Louis Asekoff Helene Silverman Robert Kapsis Queensborough Cc org) and we’ll make sure your name is included. Marianna Pavlovskaya Marsha Clowers Chitra Raghavan Jorge Zamudio Bill Rosenthal Gustavo Lopez Victor Ayala Jane Atlas Francis Silvernail Lisa Karakaya Melissa Adeyeye Sonali Perera Effie Cochran Anna Rainey Sonia Zervakos Herb Samuels Theresa Lundy Nina Bannett Carl Aylman Brijraj Singh Richard Kaufman Leslie Akst 10 psc budget Clarion | April 2012

to benefit PSC-CUNY and the affiliates. Revenue NOTE 3 – INVESTMENTS AND FAIR VALUE odic pension costs for the years then ended: is recognized as expenses are incurred. HIERARCHIES On this page Clarion reprints information from the PSC’s audited financial statement 2011 2010 for the year ending August 31, 2011. The full statement, which also includes figures Functional allocation of expenses – The costs The following table sets forth by level, within the Benefit obligation $(2,458,978) $(2,716,304) for the year ending August 31, 2010, is available on the PSC website at psc-cuny.org/ of providing services have been summarized on a fair value hierarchy, the assets at fair value as of Fair value of plan assets 1,425,912 1,873,913 functional basis. Accordingly, certain costs have August 31, 2011...*: Funded status $(1,033,066 ) $ (842,391) PSC-budget-FY2011. Due to limited space, only the 2011 figures are included here. been allocated between the program and support- 2011 2010 Accrued pension payable ing services benefited. Level 1 level 1 benefit cost recognized PROFESSIONAL STAFF CONGRESS/CUNY Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures Money market funds $203 $ 258 in the balance sheet $(1,033,066 ) $ (842,391) Equity mutual funds 852,606 864,451 Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, ASC Benefits paid $ 910,021 $ 10,831 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND AUDITOR’S REPORT Bond mutual funds 4,446,190 4,038,484 Topic 820, establishes a framework for measuring Contributions $ 206,374 $ 174,898 $ 5,298,999 4,903,193 AUGUST 31, 2011 AND 2010* fair value. The framework provides a fair value Net periodic pension cost $ 350,419 $ 254,809 hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation TABLE OF CONTENTS techniques used to measure fair value. The hi- NOTE 4 – FIXED ASSETS useful Weighted average assumptions as of August 31, 2011.*: Independent Auditor’s Report erarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted 2011 2010 quoted prices in active markets for identical assets 2011 2010 lives Exhibit Equipment $ 441,446 $ 425,511 5 years Discount rate 5.0% 5.5% or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest Expected return on plan assets 7.0% 7.0% priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measure- Leasehold 374,725 374,725 15 years A-Balance Sheet Rate of compensation increase 4.0% 4.0% ments). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy improvements Furniture 280,806 280,806 5-7 years B-Statement of Revenues, Expenses and Changes in Net Assets are described below. Level 1 inputs to the valuation PSC/CUNY’s pension plan asset allocations by as- and fixtures C-Statement of Cash Flows methodology are unadjusted quoted prices for iden- set category are as follows: tical assets or liabilities in active markets that PSC/ 1,096,977 1,081,042 Notes to Financial Statements 2011 2010 CUNY has the ability to access. Level 2 inputs to the Accumulated (771,781) (712,570) Asset Category Level 1 level 1 valuation methodology include: depreciation and Independent Auditor’s Report amortization Cash and cash equivalents $ 61,845 $ 132,958 l Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities Board of Directors $ 325,196 $ 368,472 Equities in active markets; Professional Staff Congress/CUNY Common stock - domestic 723,867 890,784 l Quoted prices for identical or similar assets NOTE 5 – LEASE COMMITMENTS We have audited the accompanying balance sheet of Professional Staff Con- Common stock -American 69,232 96,421 or liabilities in inactive markets; PSC/CUNY rents space for its administrative office. depository receipts gress/CUNY as of August 31, 2011 and 2010,* and the related statements of rev- l Inputs other than quoted prices that are ob- The lease includes provisions for escalations and Fixed-income securities enues, expenses and changes in net assets, and cash flows for the years then servable for the asset or liability; utility charges. The lease expires August 31, 2022. U.S. Treasury notes 379,968 l Inputs that are derived principally from or Rent is being expensed on the straight-line method Government agencies 89,711 190,648 ended. These financial statements are the responsibility of Professional Staff over the term of the lease. Congress/CUNY’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on corroborated by observable market data by Mutual funds correlation or other means. Rent expense for the years ended August 31, 2011 Equity funds 481,257 177,911 these financial statements based on our audits. If the asset or liability has a specified (contractual) and 2010 was $928,319 and $752,749, respectively. Corporate bonds 5,223 We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally term, the Level 2 input must be observable for sub- Minimum payments required under the lease are Total $ 1,425,912 $ 1,873,913 accepted in the United States of America. Those standards require that we plan stantially the full term of the asset or liability. Level as follows: 3 inputs to the valuation methodology are unobserv- and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial 2012 $ 856,071 PSC/CUNY’s investment policies are designed to able and significant to the fair value measurement. ensure that adequate plan assets are available 2013 880,992 statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes consideration of The asset or liability’s fair value measurement level to provide future payments of pension benefits 2014 898,765 within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest to eligible participants. Taking into account the internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures 2015 924,186 level of any input that is significant to the fair value expected long-term rate of return on plan assets, 2016 944,243 that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing measurement. Valuation techniques used need to PSC/CUNY formulates the investment portfolio an opinion on the effectiveness of Professional Staff Congress/CUNY’s internal maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize Thereafter 6,371,161 composed of the optimal combination of cash and control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An the use of unobservable inputs. $ 10,875,418 cash equivalents, equities and fixed income. audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts The following is a description of the valuation meth- PSC/CUNY rents out a portion of its premises to an Cash Flows odologies used for assets measured at fair value. affiliated organization. Total rental income for the PSC/CUNY does not expect to contribute to its pen- and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles There have been no changes in the methodologies years ended August 31, 2011 and 2010 was $173,853 sion plan in 2012. used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the used at August 31, 2011 and 2010.* and $168,933, respectively. The sublease is effective The following benefit payments, which reflect overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a Money market funds – Valued at the closing price through August 31, 2022. The affiliated organiza- expected future service, are expected to be paid reasonable basis for our opinion. reported on the active market on which the indi- tion shall pay PSC/CUNY a sum equal to 23.90% vidual securities are traded. of the 15th-floor rent due from PSC/CUNY to the as follows: In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all owner of the premises. 2012 $ - Equity and bond mutual funds – Valued at the material respects, the financial position of Professional Staff Congress/CUNY as net asset value (NAV) of shares held at year end. Rental income over the term of the lease is as 2013 - of August 31, 2011 and 2010,* and the changes in its net assets and its cash flows follows: 2014 551,709 Cash and cash equivalents, equities, fixed-in- 2015 - for the years then ended in conformity with accounting principles generally ac- – Valued at come securities and corporate bonds 2012 $ 171,845 2016 - the closing price reported on the active market on 2013 175,282 cepted in the United States of America. 2017-2021 2,720,339 which the individual securities are traded. January 4, 2012 LOEB & TROPER, LLP 2014 178,788 The methods described above may produce a fair 2015 182,361 In 2011 and 2010, PSC/CUNY has recorded an ad- 655 Third Avenue, 12th Floor, New York, NY 10017 value calculation that may not be indicative of net 2016 187,824 justment of $46,631 and $483,366, respectively, to realizable value or reflective of future fair values. Thereafter 1,228,630 its net assets for the additional change in prepaid Notes to Financial Statements useful life of more than one year are capitalized. De- Furthermore, while PSC/CUNY believes its valu- $ 2,124,730 pension asset/accrued pension liability beyond the August 31, 2011 and 2010 preciation is recorded on the straight-line method ation methods are appropriate and consistent with current-year pension expense. over the estimated useful life of the asset. Lease- NOTE 1 – NATURE OF ORGANIZATION other market participants, the use of different meth- NOTE 6 – PENSION PLANS hold improvements are amortized on the straight- NOTE 7 – FUNCTIONAL EXPENSES odologies or assumptions to determine the fair value Professional Staff Congress/CUNY (“PSC/CUNY”) line method over the lesser of the life of the lease Clerical and support staff are covered by a noncon- of certain financial instruments could result in a dif- PSC/CUNY provides collective bargaining and was created by a merger of the Legislative Conference or the estimated useful life of the improvements. tributory defined contribution pension plan adminis- of The City University of New York and the United ferent fair value measurement at the reporting date. tered by Local 153 - OPEIU. Contributions to this plan other union-related services to its members. Ex- – Operating leases are straight-lined Federation of College Teachers. It was created to be Deferred rent See Note 3 for table which sets forth by level within amounted to $55,945 for the year ended August 31, penses related to these programs are: over the term of the lease. Deferred rent has been the collective bargaining representative of the in- the fair value hierarchy, the assets and liabilities of 2011 and $54,198 for the year ended August 31, 2010. 2011 2010 recorded for the difference between the fixed pay- structional staff of the City University of New York. fair value at August 31, 2011 and 2010.* ment and the rent expense. PSC/CUNY also sponsors a defined benefit pen- Union activities $ 12,101,201 $ 12,016,488 PSC/CUNY is a not-for-profit organization exempt Uncertainty in income taxes – PSC/CUNY has de- sion plan covering all professional (non-clerical/ Management and general 3,528,904 3,384,752 – Unrestricted net assets from federal income tax under Section 501(c)(5) of the Unrestricted net assets termined that there are no material uncertain tax support) employees who are over the age of twenty- Total expenses $ 15,630,105 $ 15,401,240 include funds having no restriction as to use or Internal Revenue Code. PSC/CUNY’s primary sourc- positions that require recognition or disclosure in one and have completed one year of service, except purpose imposed by donors. es of revenues are membership dues and agency fees. the financial statements. Periods ending August 31, those covered above and temporary professional NOTE 8 – CONCENTRATIONS – Membership dues are rec - employees. All contributions are made by PSC/ NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT AC- Membership dues 2008 and subsequent remain subject to examination Financial instruments which potentially subject ognized as revenue over the membership period. CUNY. COUNTING POLICIES by applicable taxing authorities. PSC/CUNY to a concentration of credit risk are Dues come directly from members through payroll Subsequent events – Subsequent events have The following table summarizes the benefit ob- cash and cash equivalents with major financial Basis of accounting – The financial statements deductions and direct payments. are prepared on the accrual basis of accounting. been evaluated through January 4, 2012, which is ligations, fair value of assets, funded status and institutions in excess of FDIC insurance limits. Subsidies from affiliates – Subsidies from affili- the date the financial statements were available accrued benefit costs as of August 31, 2011...* and Management believes that credit risk related to Use of estimates – The preparation of financial ates are reimbursements of certain costs agreed to be released. employer contributions, benefits paid and net peri- these accounts is minimal. statements in conformity with accounting prin- ciples generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates EXHIBIT A EXHIBIT B EXHIBIT C and assumptions that affect the reported amounts PROFESSIONAL STAFF CONGRESS/CUNY PROFESSIONAL STAFF CONGRESS/CUNY PROFESSIONAL STAFF CONGRESS/CUNY of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent BALANCE SHEET STATEMENT OF REVENUES, EXPENSES AND CHANGE IN NET ASSETS STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS assets and liabilities at the date of the financial state- AUGUST 31, 2011 AUGUST 31, 2011 AUGUST 31, 2011 ments. Estimates also affect the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. 2011 2011 2011 Actual results could differ from those estimates. ASSETS Revenues Cash flows from operating activities Cash and cash equivalents $ 621,017 Membership dues and agency fees $ 12,668,999 Change in net assets (Exhibit B) $ 82,986 Cash and cash equivalents – For financial state- Subsidies from affiliates – NYS United Teachers, Inc. ment purposes, the organization counts all liquid in- Certificates of deposit 992,000 Investments (Note 3) 5,298,999 and American Federation of Teachers 2,554,044 Adjustments to reconcile change in net assets struments with maturities at the time of purchase of to net cash used by operating activities three months or less to be cash equivalents. Included Accounts receivable 365,000 Interest and dividends (net of $15,744 in investment fees for 2011) 190,099 in cash is $229,554 at August 31, 2011 and 2010,* which Dues receivable 567,000 Gain on investments 156,982 Depreciation and amortization 59,211 Rental income (Note 5) 173,853 is security for the lease (Note 5), which will be held as Prepaid expenses 10,165 Gain on investments (156,982) security until the termination of such lease in 2022. Fixed assets - net (Note 4) 325,196 Total revenues 15,743,977 Decrease (increase) in assets Accounts receivable 14,408 Certificates of deposit – Certificates of deposit Expenses Dues receivable (108,000) have maturity dates of more than three months Total assets $ 8,179,377 Salaries 2,665,816 Increase (decrease) in liabilities and are considered investments for purposes of Fringe benefits 1,353,818 cash flow reporting. LIABILITIES AND NET ASSETS Depreciation and amortization 59,211 Due to NYS United Teachers, Inc. Investments – Investments are recorded at fair Due to NYS United Teachers, Inc. Dues to affiliated organizations 8,279,023 and American Federation of Teachers (262,000) value. PSC/CUNY invests in various securities. and American Conferences and meetings 136,657 Accounts payable (63,532) Investment securities, in general, are exposed Federation of Teachers $ 1,061,000 Occupancy (Note 5) 972,550 Accrued expenses (420) to various risks such as interest rate, credit, and Accounts payable 175,696 Repairs and maintenance 149,089 Deferred rent 83,780 overall market volatility. Due to the level of risk Office supplies, printing and publishing 311,154 Accrued pension payable 190,675 associated with certain investment securities, it Accrued expenses 61,476 Postage and delivery 53,539 Accrued compensated absences 365 is reasonably possible that changes in the values Accrued compensated absences 470,530 Professional fees 369,197 of investment securities will occur in the near Accrued pension payable (Note 6) 1,033,066 Contract and budget campaigns 295,816 Net cash used by operating activities (159,509) term, based on the markets’ fluctuations, and that Deferred rent 247,541 such changes could materially affect the amounts Insurance 37,445 Cash flows from investing activities reported in the financial statements. Stipends and reassigned time 667,724 Purchase of fixed assets (15,935) Total liabilities 3,049,309 Mobilization and outreach 139,843 – Receivables are Purchase of certificate of deposits (298,000) Accounts and dues receivable Community relations 23,585 recorded as revenues are recognized. PSC/CUNY Net assets (Exhibit B) Liquidation of certificate of deposits 297,000 does not charge or accrue interest on outstanding Elections 10,798 Unrestricted 5,130,068 Proceeds from sale of investments 931,031 receivables. Committees 10,388 Cultural activities 13,867 Purchase of investments (1,169,855) Allowance for doubtful accounts – Receivables Total liabilities and net assets $ 8,179,377 Other expenses 64,841 are charged to bad debt expense when they are de- Net cash used by investing activities (255,759) termined to be uncollectible based upon a periodic Total expenses 15,614,361 See independent auditor’s report. Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents (415,268) review of the accounts by management. Factors Change in unrestricted net assets before other changes 129,616 used to determine whether an allowance should Cash and cash equivalents – beginning of year 1,036,285 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Pension adjustment (Note 6) (46,630) be recorded include the age of the receivable and a statements. review of payments subsequent to year end. PSC/ Change in unrestricted net assets (Exhibit C) 82,986 Cash and cash equivalents – end of year $ 621,017 CUNY has determined that no allowance for doubt- Net assets – unrestricted – beginning of year 5,047,082 See independent auditor’s report. ful accounts for receivables is necessary as of Au- gust 31, 2011 and 2010.* Net assets – unrestricted – end of year (Exhibit A) $ 5,130,068 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements. See independent auditor’s report. Fixed assets – Fixed assets are recorded at cost. Items with a cost in excess of $500 and an estimated The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

* Due to limited space, only figures for the year ending Aug. 31, 2011, are included here. Figures for the year ending Aug. 31, 2010, are available at psc-cuny.org/PSC-budget-FY2011. Clarion | April 2012 News analysis 11

camel’s back for many people,” In- grid Daubechies, president of that International Mathematical Union, told the Times. More broadly, she said, “we feel that the social com- Reed Elsevier and ALEC pact is broken at present by some By PETER HOGNESS publishing houses, of which we & JAKE BLUMGART feel Elsevier is the most extreme.” Academic journals & corporate interests Daubechies added that Elsevier is What do prestigious scientific jour- Elsevier is one of just 23 that sit on taxpayers,” in order to protect the unsuccessful search for something “making much larger profits” than nals like Cell and The Lancet have to ALEC’s national Private Enterprise proprietary interests of publishing to use against him (see tinyurl.com/ a few years ago, but delivering less do with privatizing public services, Board. Reed-Elsevier lobbyist Tere- companies. Reed Elsevier also sup- Clarion-Cronon). to scholars in return. union-busting, or cutting corporate sa Jennings represents the compa- ported the Protect Intellectual Prop- ALEC’s other model bills include Reed Elsevier’s membership in taxes? ny on this board, serving alongside erty Act (PIPA) and the Stop Online a version of David Horowitz’s so- ALEC may be more of a symptom The publishing company that better-known corporations such as Piracy Act (SOPA), a pair of bills that called “Academic Bill of Rights,” than a cause of the way its priorities owns these journals, Reed Elsevi- Wal-Mart and ExxonMobil. ran into a firestorm of grassroots which would enable state legisla- diverge from those of working aca- er, has supported all of these goals As its active membership in opposition for the limits tors to monitor the political views demics. But in the past, collective through its contributions to the ALEC illustrates, Reed Elsevi- Profits from they would have placed of public university faculty – a pro- action by scholars and physicians American Legislative Exchange er’s interests are more similar The Lancet on Internet free speech. posal that has been condemned by has been able to force changes in Council (ALEC). to those of other corporations are used to ALEC’s members are the American Historical Associa- the company’s conduct. ALEC ia a corporate-funded, than many would assume. The strongly supportive of tion, the Association of American politically conservative “bill mill,” company’s academic journal di- block action corporate ownership in- Colleges and Universities, and the conflict of interest which develops legislative tem- vision, Elsevier, had an impres- on climate terests in such debates, American Association of University For example, Reed Elsevier has a plates for state-level laws that serve sive 36% profit rate in 2010, on and that, plus access to Professors. division that runs trade shows, such its political goals. The group holds revenues of $3.2 billion. Reed change. ALEC’s nationwide net- ALEC’s “140 Credit Hour Act” as the London Book Fair. Until 2008, networking conferences for politi- Elsevier’s CEO, Erik Engstrom, was work of legislators in all 50 states, takes one of the most punitive ap- it also organized trade shows for the cally sympathetic state legislators paid $2.93 million in total compensa- may be reason enough for Reed proaches yet to the question of col- arms industry, inviting some of the – such as Wisconsin Gov. Scott tion in 2009, the most recent year for Elsevier’s participation. To what lege graduation rates: Students who world’s most repressive regimes. Walker, when he was a State As- which public figures are available. extent Reed Elsevier has used take more than that number of cred- After British scholars organized a sembly member – where ideas are Like other corporations, Reed El- ALEC to push pet bills of its own is its before graduating from a public petition campaign demanding that shared and its model bills are cir- sevier’s legislative interests are in unknown, because ALEC does not university would get hit with 25% tu- the company stop making money culated (see sidebar). the first place concerned with keep- routinely make text of its model leg- ition hikes, and the university could from the arms trade, a former editor Reed Elsevier is a leading mem- ing those profit numbers high – even islation public (see sidebar). What “no longer count those students as of British Medical Journal proposed ber of ALEC – and also the parent when this conflicts with the central is clear, however, is that Reed El- enrolled.” a boycott of Elsevier by academics company of Elsevier, one of the purpose of academic journals, the sevier’s participation in ALEC in- and medical professionals, arguing largest academic publishing com- dissemination of knowledge. volves the company in a political boycott that making money from both the panies in the world. It owns about project that sharply conflicts with Reed Elsevier’s alliance, through medical profession and the weapons 2,000 academic journals, primarily ownership academic values. ALEC, with such anti-academic industry represented a profound scientific and medical, and a diverse For example, the company has For example, many scientists who legislative efforts, has received conflict of interest. Less than six array of other information-related been a vocal supporter of the Re- have published in Elsevier-owned little public scrutiny. But the high months after the boycott was pro - businesses, including LexisNexis. search Works Act. As The New York journals would be surprised to prices of its journals, its high prof- posed, the company announced that ALEC has more than 250 corpo- Times reported in February, this know that profits from those jour- its, and the company’s support for it would no longer organize arms in- rate members (the exact number is bill “would prohibit federal agen- nals are used to block action against policies that restrict the flow of dustry trade shows. uncertain, as the organization re- cies from requiring open access to global warming. information have recently made There has been no similar effort fuses to release a full list), but Reed research, even if it is financed by ALEC supports efforts to get Reed Elsevier the target of a schol- targeting Reed-Elsevier’s member- states to withdraw from regional ars’ boycott. “The Research Works ship in ALEC – but its role in ALEC efforts to counter global warming, Act was the straw that broke the has not been widely known. like the Western Climate Initia- tive, in which state, provincial and local authorities work together How ALEC operates to reduce their carbon footprint. Tenure track? We have your back ALEC’s model legislation on climate “[The American Legislative Ex- bills that have surfaced to date were change contends that “forcing busi- change Council] is one of the most part of a massive leak last year to the ness, industry, and food producers influential, unknown bodies in Center for Media and Democracy, to reduce carbon emissions through America,” the former head of Cali- which has placed more than 800 of government mandates and cap-and- fornia’s Republican Party, Shawn them online (at ALECexposed.org). trade policies under consideration Steel, told reporter Olga Khazan. State legislators often deny that for the regional climate initiative “Now that Republicans are domi- their bills were inspired by ALEC, will increase the cost of doing nating most states, ALEC has be- even when the language is similar business,” and calls for states to come a fabulous idea factory.” or identical to bills advanced by withdraw from regional climate Through their membership in ALEC members in other states. initiatives. ALEC, corporations participate di- When Florida State Rep. Chris rectly in writing the group’s model Dorworth proposed a ban on union wisconsin bills. Unsurprisingly, many of those dues checkoff for all public employ- Other ALEC model bills attack the bills reflect a standard corporate ees, GOP legislative officials told the rights of public employee unions, in- wish list: lower taxes on corpora- press that Dorworth’s office “did not cluding faculty at public universities tions and the wealthy; hostility to receive any materials from ALEC (see sidebar). When University of

unions; weakening environmental relating to this bill or any ‘model’ Wisconsin historian William Cronon arleton regulations, etc. legislation.” But a public records published a blog post on ALEC’s role request turned up three model bills in anti-union efforts in his state, T John CeCi N’est pas Législation on this subject in Dorworth’s work- pro-ALEC activists immediately Leslie Francis (front right), assistant professor of business at QCC, listens as Michelle ALEC is officially a non-profit orga- ing papers, with “Copyright, ALEC” went on a legal fishing expedition Wang, assistant professor of cooperative education at BMCC, asks a question during nization that, as Beau Hodai reported printed on every one. – PH & JB into Cronon’s files and e-mail, in an the Junior Faculty Development Day program held March 23 at the PSC Union Hall. in In These Times, “is strictly prohib- ited by federal tax code from taking part in the formation of legislation.” april 2012 ALEC insists that its conferences are Clarion “educational forums,” and that while Newspaper of the Professional Staff Congress/City University of New York, collective bargaining representative of the CUNY instructional staff. Vol. 41, No. 2. PSC/CUNY is affiliated with the American Association of University Professors, National Education Association, the American Federation of Teachers (Local 2334), AFL-CIO, the New York City Central Labor Council, and New York State United Teachers. Published by PSC/CUNY, it circulates model bills, it is the leg- 61 Broadway, 15th floor, New York, NY 10006. Telephone: (212) 354-1252. Website: www.psc-cuny.org. E-mail: [email protected]. All opinions expressed in these pages are not necessarily those of the PSC. islators, not ALEC, who turn those PSC OFFICERS: Barbara Bowen, President; Steven London, First Vice President; Arthurine DeSola, Secretary; Michael Fabricant, Treasurer; George Brandon, Jonathan Buchsbaum, Penny Lewis, Michael Spear, ideas into a law. “As such,” Hodai re- Costas Panayotakis, University-Wide Officers; Robert Cermele, Vice President, Senior Colleges; Kathleen Barker, Diane Menna, Alex Vitale, Senior College Officers; Anne Friedman, Vice President, Community Colleges; Lorraine Cohen, Felipe Pimentel, Community College Officers; Iris DeLutro, Vice President, Cross Campus Units; Donna Veronica Gill, Alan Pearlman, Andrea Ades Vásquez, Cross Campus Officers; ports, “ALEC claims it is not engaged Marcia Newfield, Vice President, Part-Time Personnel; Michael Batson, Susan DiRaimo, Steve Weisblatt, Part-Time Personnel Officers; Bill Freidheim, Eileen Moran, Retiree Officers; Irwin H. Polishook, in the crafting of actual legislation, President Emeritus; Peter I. Hoberman, Vice President Emeritus, Cross Campus Units nor is it engaged in lobbying.” STAFF: Deborah Bell, Executive Director; Naomi Zauderer, Associate Executive Director; Faye H. Alladin, Coordinator, Financial Services; Debra L. Bergen, Director, Contract Administration & University-Wide Grievance Officer; Francis Clark, Coordinator, Communications; Barbara Gabriel, Coordinator, Office Services and Human Resources; Jared Herst, Coordinator, Pension & Health Benefits; Kate Pfordresher, ALEC circulates those legislative Director, Research & Public Policy; Diana Rosato, Coordinator, Membership Department; Carol Wright, Researcher, CUNY & Race Project; Peter Zwiebach, Director of Legal Affairs templates to its members, not the pub- Editor: Peter Hogness / Associate Editor: John Tarleton / Designer: Margarita Aguilar / Proofreader: Teri Duerr lic. The vast majority of ALEC model © 2012 Professional Staff Congress/CUNY 12 PSC ELECTION Material Clarion | April 2012 NCC conflict continued from page 4 nothing appropriate, professional PSC elections – April 2012 or collaborative about denouncing an employee to the entire com- munity of his colleagues,” Bowen wrote. “The PSC stands behind Vote for union-wide officers every member, and we will stand The PSC is holding union-wide On the following pages are state- there is a slate of New Caucus can- dates running on a common slate behind Professor Rosenthal. We elections this spring. With ballots ments from Executive Council can- didates and one candidate who is may pool this amount and devote will not tolerate such unprofes- mailed to eligible members’ homes didates and the slate, to which they unaffiliated. Election of PSC dele- some of it to a statement from the sional treatment of any member by the American Arbitration Asso- belong. This year’s election for posi- gates to the American Association slate as a whole. of the faculty or staff.” The union ciation (AAA) on April 2. Complet- tions on the PSC’s Executive Council of University Professors (AAUP) You are eligible to vote if you filed grievances on the firing, the ed ballots must be received by the is uncontested: These candidates is separate; in that voting, a New have been a PSC member in good disciplinary letters and workload AAA by 5:00 pm on Friday, April 27. are all running as candidates of the Caucus slate is uncontested. standing for at least four months in December, and an initial hearing PSC elections occur on a three- New Caucus, which won contested PSC election rules provide all when ballots are mailed out on was held in February. year cycle. In 2013 there will be union-wide elections in 2000, 2006 candidates for Executive Coun- April 2. If you believe you are eli - The first group of NCC faculty elections for chapter-level positions and 2009, and an uncontested race cil positions with access to union gible but have not still received a were hired through lines assigned in half of the union’s chapters, and in 2003. publications in order to put their ballot by April 9, please contact to other colleges, as the NCC did not chapter elections in the other half In the election for the PSC’s del- views before the members. Each Barbara Gabriel at the PSC office yet officially exist. Rosenthal’s un- will follow in 2014. The next election egates to the American Federation candidate for an Executive Council ([email protected], or 212- derlying appointment is at LaGuar- for union-wide offices will be held of Teachers (AFT) and New York position is given a certain number 354-1252) for a duplicate ballot or dia, but he is fighting his dismissal in 2015. State United Teachers (NYSUT), of words for a statement; candi- to check your membership status. from the NCC and aims to return to his position there. In January, CUNY management canceled a scheduled labor-manage- New Caucus candidates for delegates to New York State United Teachers ment meeting on the NCC. When the administration declined to resched- and American Federation of Teachers conventions ule this meeting, which is contractu- ally required, the union filed another Alice Baldwin-Jones City College Alan Feigenberg City College Eileen Moran Retiree grievance challenging the manage- Judith Barbanel Queensborough CC Michelle Fine Graduate Center Joyce Moorman BMCC ment’s failure and refusal to abide by Steven Barrera York College Shirley Frank York College Catherine Mulder John Jay College this provision of the contract. Michael Batson College of Staten Island William Friedheim Retiree Robert Nelson Graduate Center As the start date for the NCC’s first classes draws near, faculty de- Manette Berlinger Queensborough CC Anne Friedman BMCC Marcia Newfield BMCC scribe the school as a place where Craig Bernardini Hostos CC Libby Garland Kingsborough CC Anthony O’Brien Retiree everyone is working hard but the Stanton Biddle Retiree Tami Gold Hunter College Costas Panayotakis New York City Tech institution is in disarray. “It’s a very Barbara Bowen Queens College Verna Green Medgar Evers College Terry Parker LaGuardia CC crisis-ridden atmosphere,” said one. “We’re floundering so badly. I can’t George Brandon City College Joan Greenbaum Retiree Alan Pearlman Baruch College imagine how we’ll be ready.” Mary Alice Browne New York City Tech Wayne Halliday Lehman College Michael Perna Hunter College self-censorship Jonathan Buchsbaum Queens College Carol Hartman College of Staten Island Sharon Persinger Bronx CC Robert Cermele New York City Tech David Hatchett Medgar Evers College Glenn Petersen Baruch College NCC faculty interviewed by Clar- Michael Cesarano Queensborough CC John Hyland Retiree Vasilios Petratos College of Staten Island ion say it is now harder than ever to disagree openly with the administra- Holly Clarke John Jay College Rebekah Johnson LaGuardia CC Felipe Pimentel Hostos CC tion, given what one called “the en- Janice Cline York College Glenn Kissack Retiree John Pittman John Jay College vironment of fear and intimidation.” Lorraine Cohen LaGuardia CC Geoffrey Kurtz BMCC Rubén Rangel City College “People are censoring themselves Lizette Colón Hostos CC Joel Kuszai Queensborough CC Anselma Rodriguez Brooklyn College because of what happened to oth- ers who were more vocal before,” Clinton Crawford Medgar Evers College Reneta Lansiquot New York City Tech Jacob Segal Kingsborough CC agreed another. Frank Crocco BMCC LaRoi Lawton Bronx CC Sigmund Shen LaGuardia CC “If you speak out, you are afraid Berkis Cruz-Eusebio Hostos CC Steven Leberstein Retiree Albert Sherman New York City Tech you are going to lose your job,” said James Davis Brooklyn College Steven Levine LaGuardia CC Michael Spear Kingsborough CC another NCC employee. “Academic Frank Deale Queens College Law Antonia Levy Queens College Dorothy Staub York College freedom is apparently nonexistent at the NCC.” Iris DeLutro Queens College Penny Lewis Graduate Center Andrea Vásquez Graduate Center (NCC officials did not respond to Arthurine DeSola Queensborough CC Patrick Lloyd Kingsborough CC Blanca Vázquez Hunter College a request for comment on academic Scott Dexter Brooklyn College Steven London Brooklyn College Alex Vitale Brooklyn College freedom at the NCC.) Leonard Dick Bronx CC John Maerhofer Bronx CC George Walters LaGuardia CC All faculty working full-time at the NCC are untenured, and the Susan DiRaimo City College Nivedita Majumdar John Jay College Paul Washington Medgar Evers College NCC has no tenured faculty of its Jackie DiSalvo Retiree Gerald Markowitz John Jay College Vera Weekes Medgar Evers College own. (A handful of tenured faculty Gregory Dunkel Central Office Claudio Mazzatenta Bronx CC Steve Weisblatt York College from other colleges have part-time Hester Eisenstein Queens College Cecelia McCall Retiree Stanley Wine Baruch College duties at the NCC.) “We’re all re- porting to the provost,” an NCC fac- Sharif Elhakem Lehman College Nikki McDaniel Bronx CC Alex Wolf Bronx CC ulty member said in March. “Right Joseph Entin Brooklyn College Lucy McIntyre Central Office Lana Zinger Queensborough CC now, that is the governance plan.” Mike Fabricant Hunter College Howard Meltzer BMCC “It would have a hugely chilling ef- Robert Farrell Lehman College Diane Menna Queens College fect for our union rights and faculty governance if this college were held up as the model that all CUNY should follow,” said Schnee. The problems at the NCC, she said, reflect “a systemic Unaffiliated candidate for delegate to New Caucus candidates for American Association of issue” that has also emerged in the Pathways process – “reshaping the New York State United Teachers and University Professors annual delegates University to take power away from Barbara Bowen Queens College Anne Friedman Manhattan CC the faculty and put it into the hands American Federation of Teachers Steve London Brooklyn College Stephen Leberstein Retiree of the administration.” Michael Fabricant Hunter College Cecelia McCall Retiree “I believe you can have an in- conventions novative curriculum while still re- Arthurine DeSola Queensborough CC Bonnie Nelson John Jay College Judith Barbanel Queensborough CC Marcia Newfield Manhattan CC specting members’ union rights and Joel Greenstein New York City Tech treating faculty like the profession- Robert Cermele New York City Tech Susan O’Malley Retiree als we are,” Schnee told Clarion. James Davis Brooklyn College Stanley Wine Baruch College “The two are not incompatible.” Iris DeLutro Queens College Clarion | April 2012 PSC ELECTION Material 13 The New Caucus What We Stand For made a permanent entitlement of faculty and profes- professional staff across the University are now en - sional staff, transitioning from a pilot program. PSC- titled to compensation for work assigned beyond the The New Caucus was formed in 1995 when hundreds of fac- CUNY Research Grants have been reformed and their contractual limit, and a pattern devaluing HEO work ulty and professional staff from across the University came funds increased by nearly $1 million over a three-year has been changed. together to dedicate our political lives to the project of mak- period. Talks on other issues, such as the creation of a ing CUNY the great public university it could be. It was a sick-leave bank, continue, and continue to be fruitful. 8. Under New Caucus leadership, the union has de- time of financial crisis that had rapidly degraded our work- fended academic freedom, freedom of speech, and ing conditions and our students’ learning conditions. CUNY 3. Under New Caucus leadership, the union has faculty governance rights. An academic union has had never fully recovered from the New York City fiscal worked with coalitions of labor, community groups a special responsibility for maintaining the academic crisis in 1975, when thousands of faculty positions had been and students to resist economic austerity for the character of the University. New Caucus-PSC leaders lost; twenty years later, conditions at CUNY had reached a public sector. In the spring of 2011, the PSC rallied in have a strong record of taking a stand against CUNY low point. Albany with other coalition members to demand that management’s infringement on these freedoms. Cur- the “millionaires’ tax” be continued. Together, we were rently, we are fighting management’s attempt to impose What united us was the belief that CUNY was worth fighting successful in forcing the Governor to sustain a large “Pathways,” completely disregarding faculty gover- for and that conditions could be changed if the union became part of the tax on New York’s highest earners, a move nance and the academic freedom of the faculty to con- a leader in that fight. We refused to accept the premise that that substantially reduced the State’s projected deficit. trol curricular decisions. We have fought and won when CUNY will always be poor, that second-class conditions are With that deficit reduction, new funds for CUNY and management pulled an adjunct from a course because of good enough for our students – or for us. other important services became available. Critically, its content. And when CUNY management tried to deny PSC representatives sit on the decision- making bodies chapter leaders access to campus e-mail for union com- We also understood that the union would be effective in the of coalition partners, helping to shape organizing direc- munications, we prevailed. fight for change only if it became more than a narrowly de - tion and public campaigns. fined service organization. Attempting to address members’ 9. U nder New Caucus leadership, the union restored individual needs while leaving the underlying conditions un- 4. Under New Caucus leadership, the union has ex- the finances of the Welfare Fund, enhanced retiree touched was a failed strategy. To make real change, the PSC panded its political apparatus and influence, win- benefits, and refused to sell out adjuncts or retirees. would have to become a serious political force rooted in an ning increased funds for CUNY. The PSC has built Welfare Fund trustees put into place a new Medicare active membership. its legislative presence in New York City and Albany Part D program that ends the $50 deductible and lifts the by establishing member-based borough coordinators $10,000 per person annual prescription drug cap. This That is what the union has become. After taking office in and teams. Using “inside” strategies of face-to-face major advance was made possible because New Caucus 2000, the New Caucus leadership of the PSC has established advocacy combined with “outside” strategies of mass leadership fought back against CUNY’s historic failure itself as a power at the bargaining table, on the campuses, demonstrations and civil disobedience, we have built to provide adequate support for the Welfare Fund. New in City Hall, in Albany and even in national policy debates. power and pressure. The PSC also works closely with Caucus leaders took an unpopular stand to use retroac- Under our leadership, the erosion in conditions at CUNY has the legislative leaders of NYSUT, the Working Fami- tive pay to provide adequate funds for retiree and adjunct stopped, salaries have risen, health benefits have been pre- lies Party and other New York unions. Political leaders benefits in the 2002-07 contract. We refused to compro- served and expanded, support for research has increased, across the state call upon the expertise of New Caucus- mise on the principle of equal rights to benefits, and we adjunct conditions have improved, and the free-fall in CUNY PSC leadership when deliberating about initiatives such insisted on maintaining adjunct health insurance. With- funding has been ended. as increased funding for community colleges, part-time out taking that stand, we would not now be positioned to faculty health insurance, pension reform, or workplace take advantage of the new provisions of Medicare Part D Social Unionism is More Effective for Members bullying. of the Affordable Health Care Act and be closer to perma- The New Caucus approach is known as “social unionism.” nently fixing adjunct health insurance. The union builds the necessary power to serve members, 5. Under New Caucus leadership, the union won 80% and as it becomes politically powerful, it promotes a progres- pay for sabbaticals, and 24 contact hours of reas- 10. U nder New Caucus leadership, the union is a nation- sive political agenda, fosters solidarity with other unions, signed time for junior faculty. We came into office al force for educational justice and a leader in pro - builds and works within progressive coalitions, and contrib- determined to break the grip of the idea that support gressive positions for labor. We were an early and utes to the development of progressive mass movements. As for research was a luxury, unthinkable at CUNY. In strong supporter of the Occupy Wall Street move- the PSC has implemented this strategy of building collective 2004, New Caucus leadership of the PSC organized ment and we continue to provide material and politi- power, the union has also become stronger in defending indi- mass membership support for our contract campaign, cal support. Questions of fairness for ourselves and our vidual members’ salaries, benefits and rights. The union is and won sabbatical pay at 80%. Mobilizing the pressure students are inseparable from the larger policy choices more powerful on bread-and-butter issues when it embraces of the membership, we made a similar breakthrough that create the conditions in which we work. Under New a bolder vision. for junior faculty. Untenured faculty at every CUNY Caucus leadership, the PSC has gained a national repu- college are now entitled to the equivalent of a year, on tation for leadership on issues of educational justice, A Record of Success average, of full-paid released time for research before academic labor policy, antiracism, and opposition to The New Caucus is proud of our record, a few highlights of the tenure decision. wasteful and unjust wars. We were leaders in the co- which we offer here. What we are proudest of is that our pow- alition that succeeded in changing the law on access to er derives from involving thousands of CUNY faculty and 6. Under New Caucus leadership, the union made sig- CUNY and SUNY for undocumented students. We were staff in this work. The accomplishments are ours together. nificant gains for adjuncts, other part-timers and among the first unions nationally to demand an end to graduate employees. The New Caucus was founded on the war in Iraq and were instrumental in shifting the 1. u nder New C aucus leadership, the union has suc - the recognition that the labor system in higher educa- position of our national union. Locally, we are strong cessfully bargained three contracts through two tion must be changed, and we have worked consistently partners in coalitions to support quality education and major economic downturns. When we took office in to bring parity to part-time and hourly faculty and pro- deep believers in solidarity with other unions. 2000, CUNY had sabbaticals at 50% pay, no junior fac- fessional staff. The battle is far from over, but drawing ulty research leave, no paid parental leave, no profes- on adjunct and graduate employee leadership within Why We are Running for Re-Election sional development grants for staff or adjuncts, no paid the union, the PSC under our leadership has made sig- What motivated us in 1995 to found the New Caucus con - office hours for adjuncts, salaries that lagged far below nificant inroads against this system. On health care, we tinues to define us today: to see our members realize their national norms, and a Welfare Fund on shaky financial have waged unprecedented campaigns to fund adjunct professional aspirations and see CUNY be the university it ground. Today all of that has changed. We have much health insurance and are on course to secure funding could be. Our work, however, is not finished. CUNY, like all still to do on salaries, teaching load and other issues, for this benefit. We also negotiated health insurance for things public, is imperiled. Mainstream politicians continue but we have shown that unleashing the power of the graduate employees. And we won paid office hours and to develop austerity budgets that starve CUNY and deny membership is the way to win contract battles. Even in professional development funds for adjuncts, as well as the University the essential elements of a quality education: tough economic times, we are determined to make prog- paid sick leave and other improvements for Continuing small classes, a cohort of full-time faculty that keeps pace ress, and we have a track record that shows it is pos - Education faculty. with the expansion of the student body, proper compensation sible. We have worked with CUNY management when and adequate time for faculty to teach and do research, part- we share goals, but we have also drawn a line in the 7. U nder New Caucus leadership, the union defended time faculty afforded a livable wage, and fair, supportive sand when our members’ interests are at stake. the 35-hour workweek for HEOs and won rights to conditions for professional staff. These are but a few of the overtime pay and compensatory time. For 40 years critical ingredients necessary to guarantee that all CUNY 2. Under New Caucus leadership, informal talks with CUNY had been routinely violating the contract on students receive the instruction and support they deserve. management have produced breakthroughs for our the workweek for employees in the Higher Education membership – even as we continue to negotiate a Officer series. Under New Caucus leadership, the PSC The New Caucus has shown that we have the strategy and new contract. The victories occurred despite a larger challenged this practice, carefully developing both a the vision to make progress for members and for CUNY even political environment that demands labor givebacks. grievance and a lawsuit. The key was making an indi- during tough times. And we are prepared to work as hard We secured a management commitment to include vidual issue collective – breaking through years of si- as it takes in the next three years to stand up for you, for part-time faculty health insurance in CUNY’s budget lence by organizing. That’s a hallmark of PSC strategy your professional aspirations and for your vision of what the proposal because of the pressure of our organizing under the New Caucus: combining meticulous contract University could be. We ask you not just to vote for us, but campaign. The Governor’s budget reflects that com - enforcement work with bold, energetic organizing. to join us. Show your support by voting in the election – and mitment. In addition, paid parental leave was recently And the results can be transformative. Thousands of voting New Caucus. 14 PSC ELECTION Material Clarion | April 2012

For President For Treasurer character he has created and sometimes performs as, “Austerity Barbara Bowen has been President Michael Fabricant, professor at Nut,” rides the subways facetiously urging passengers to sacri- of the union since 2000, when she led Hunter College and Executive Officer fice for “our suffering brothers and sisters on Wall Street.” A the New Caucus effort to increase of the PhD Program in Social Welfare, serious scholar of social movements and a current member of the power and vitality of the PSC. is involved in every aspect of assem- the Executive Council, Costas has also worked extensively to Under her leadership, the PSC has bling and reporting on the PSC budget. build mutual support between full-time and part-time faculty. gained in stature as a political force, His focus is the development of an orga- able to win material improvements nizing department that evolves mem- Michael Spear is an assistant pro - in members’ lives and to articulate bership networks and power for the fessor of history at Kingsborough a larger vision for public higher enhancement of working and learning Community College. Elected to the PSC education. As that vision comes in- conditions at CUNY. As an advocate for Executive Council to fill a vacancy in creasingly under attack, Bowen has faculty, staff and students, he works to 2011, he has been an activist with the emerged as a leader in the fight to build coalition relationships with stu- union since the mid-1990s and a CUNY maintain quality education at CUNY. As head of the PSC’s dents, labor and community-based organizations within and student activist before that. A delegate bargaining team, she has developed the power of the without the Occupy Wall Street movement. He plays a leader- to the NYC Central Labor Council, membership to win such advances as sabbaticals at 80% ship role in the contract and budget campaigns and represents Michael serves on the PSC Legislation pay, reassigned time for junior faculty, significant salary PSC on the AFT Committee on Organizing, whose focus is new and Contract Campaign Organizing increases, paid office hours for adjuncts, paid parental membership organizing and advancement of a national pub- committees. His research is on the US leave, and professional development grants for adjuncts, lic education agenda. He has authored numerous articles; the labor movement and post-World War II HEOs and CLTs. A fierce opponent of accommodating to most recent of his eight books explores the threat of charter New York City history. An important article, “In the Shadows economic austerity, Bowen has been an outspoken critic schooling and the restructuring of the American economy that of the 1970s Fiscal Crisis: New York City’s Municipal Unions in of Albany’s failed strategy of disinvestment in CUNY and has stimulated the recent intense attacks on public education the Twenty-First Century,” appeared in the September 2010 is- reliance on increased student tuition. She has gained a na- and teachers. He has been Treasurer of the National Coalition sue of Working USA. He is a co-coordinator of the New Caucus. tional reputation as a principled and articulate labor lead- to House the Homeless and for Community Access United, an er, pressing the City’s labor movement to challenge Wall agency serving the disabled. Street and leading the effort within our national union to For Vice President for Senior Colleges oppose unjust and wasteful wars. Bowen holds faculty posi- Robert Cermele, associate professor tions at both Queens College and the Graduate Center; she For University-Wide Officers of mathematics and chapter chair at earned her PhD at Yale and is widely published in the field George Brandon is an associate New York City College of Technology, of 17th-century literature. medical professor in the Department has served as department chairper- of Community Health and Social son and is active in local college gov- Medicine, the Sophie Davis School ernance, chairing several standing of Biomedical Education at the City committees of the College Council. He For First Vice President College of New York. His PhD in an- is a representative to the University Steve London has been First Vice thropology is from Rutgers University Faculty Senate, serving on the Status President since 2000 and is an as - (1983). He joined the PSC soon after ar- of the Faculty Committee. Elected a sociate professor of political science riving at CCNY in 1989, and has served PSC Senior College Officer in 2000, at Brooklyn College. A founder of on that chapter’s Executive Committee he became Vice President for Senior the New Caucus, he served three as Chapter Chairperson and as a mem- Colleges in 2006. He serves on the Executive Council and is terms in the 1990s as Brooklyn ber of the Organizing Committee for an active member of the Academic Freedom, Finance, and College’s PSC Chapter Chair and as the last contract. A jazz musician as well as a medical anthro- Legislation Committees. Bob is also co-coordinator of the a University Faculty Senator. As the pologist, he is a member of the PSC’s Executive Council. union’s Manhattan borough political action committee, and PSC’s Legislative Representative, he Treasurer of the PSC-CUNY Welfare Fund. has led the union’s member-based Jonathan Buchsbaum, Professor political action campaigns – winning, in the Department of Media Studies, e.g., increased employer pension Queens College, serves on the PSC For Senior College Officers contributions for ORP participants and enhancing CUNY Executive Council, chairs the PSC’s David Hatchett is a lecturer in English budget advocacy at the City and State levels. He chairs the Labor Goes to the Movies Committee, at Medgar Evers College. He has been PSC’s Contract Enforcement Committee. Under his leader- co-chairs the Anti-Racism Committee active in the PSC for more than a de- ship in this area, the PSC has won significant arbitration and is Chair of the Queens College cade as a part-time faculty organizer at and legal victories, including the 35-hour workweek for chapter. He has led the chapter’s or- Medgar Evers and Hostos Community HEOs. Serving on the PSC Negotiations Committee since ganizing work on such issues as de- College from 2000-05. After joining the 2000, he has been involved in the detailed decision-mak - fense of faculty rights, and advocacy Executive Council in 2005, he became ing of every contract settlement. Steve is a Welfare Fund on health and safety. Under his lead- the co-coordinator of the adjunct orga- Trustee and its Executive Officer, initiating reform of the ership, the chapter filed a successful nizing project. He works with the New Fund and preserving benefits. As a NYSUT Board Director, legal complaint against CUNY for failing to develop and im- Caucus leadership at Medgar Evers, is he was instrumental in increasing NYSUT’s focus on high- plement a Workplace Violence Protection Policy. Buchsbaum’s a member of the chapter’s Executive er education gaining more resources for the PSC. Co-editor academic work includes two studies of political filmmaking: Committee and is currently a represen- of two books, Steve brings his expertise in political science Cinema Engagé: Film in the Popular Front and Cinema and tative of the chapter to the Delegate Assembly. He is a member to the union’s work. the Sandinistas: Filmmaking in Revolutionary Nicaragua. of the New Caucus Governing Board.

Penny Lewis is an assistant professor Blanca Vázquez is adjunct assistant of labor studies at the Joseph S. Murphy professor in the Film and Media Stud- For Secretary Institute of the School of Professional ies Department at Hunter College. At Arthurine DeSola, Higher Education Studies. She has been a CUNY graduate the Center for Puerto Rican Studies, Assistant, is currently PSC Secretary, student, adjunct, Hunter High School she was the founding editor of Centro the first HEO elected to that position. teacher and instructor, and assistant Journal and a researcher on the Cul - A member of the CUNY community professor at Borough of Manhattan ture and Oral History Task Forces. for over 30 years, she was a counselor Community College where she served Vázquez has been a union delegate, in the Department of Student Services on the BMCC chapter’s Executive secretary of the Hunter chapter’s at Queensborough Community Col- Committee. She has served as an orga- Executive Committee and liaison for lege and a faculty member in the nizer for the PSC, as a representative part-timers. In 2009, she received Counseling Department at LaGuardia to Jobs with Justice; a member of the Hunter’s Cecile B. Insdorf Award for Community College. Chairperson of Solidarity and Labor Goes to the Movies Committees, as a DA Excellence in Teaching for Part-Time Faculty. She is a lifelong the HEO/CLT Professional Develop- delegate, and as Executive Council member. Her research inter- activist in social movements for civil rights, women’s equality ment Fund Committee for the past ests are labor, social class and social movements. and Puerto Rican self-determination. six years, she oversees the process for the professional staff’s receiving funds for the advancement of professional Costas Panayotakis, associate pro- Alex Vitale is an associate professor development and education. She is a member of the Contract fessor of sociology at New York City of sociology at Brooklyn College. In Enforcement, Legislation, and Women’s Committees. DeSola College of Technology, is the author of addition to serving on the Executive has presented testimony before the City and State Higher Remaking Scarcity: From Capitalist Council, he has been chapter chair at Education Committees. Her lobbying efforts include frequent Inefficiency to Economic Democracy. Brooklyn College and co-coordinates visits to Albany with the goal of supporting the CUNY budget He has become a prominent national the union’s political action committee request and obtaining additional funding for CUNY’s stu- commentator on the economic crisis for Brooklyn. He is a nationally known dents, faculty and staff. in Greece. Costas has also used per- scholar on the policing of demonstra- formance art to challenge the position tions and other political activities in that economic austerity is the appropri- the US and internationally. His book ate response to the current crisis; the City of Disorder: How the Quality of Clarion | April 2012 PSC ELECTION Material 15

Life Campaign Transformed New York Politics studies the Education Officer chapter. She serves Academic Labor) to be held in Mexico City. This year she was rise of neoconservative politics and policing in the 1980s and on the Executive Council, and is a named NYSUT’s Higher Education Member of the Year. 1990s. Before coming to CUNY, Alex was a labor/community member of the Negotiations, Anti-Rac- organizer for the San Francisco Coalition on Homelessness. ism, HEO Organizing, and Legislation committees; she is co-coordinator of For Officers for Part-Time Personnel the union’s political action committee Michael Batson, adjunct lecturer, For Vice President for for Queens. A Director of NYSUT, Iris teaches history and women’s stud- participates actively in NYSUT, AFT ies at the College of Staten Island and Community Colleges and AAUP. In 2009, she was NYSUT’s Kingsborough Community College. He Anne Friedman, professor of academ- Higher Education Member of the Year is an officer for part-time personnel and ic and critical reading at Borough of and recipient of a Lifetime Achieve- a current member of the PSC Executive Manhattan Community College, is PSC ment Award from the Organization of Council. A respected teacher and tire- Vice President for Community Colleg- New York for Puerto Rican Women. A powerful advocate for less advocate, Michael is a member of the es, also serving on the Contract Nego- professional staff, she has focused on workplace bullying and Legislation Committee, where he par- tiating Committee. She is a member of championed legislation to address it. ticipates in establishing and promoting the PSC’s Anti-Racism Committee and the legislative agenda by advocating at has been active in open admissions the City and State levels for issues such struggles for 40 years, beginning as a For Cross-Campus Officers as more CUNY funding and unemployment insurance for ad- student at City College. Anne is also a Alan Pearlman is a senior college juncts. He is most energized, however, by his campus activities, delegate to NYSUT, AFT and AAUP; laboratory technician at Baruch including the CSI chapter’s petitioning and securing a resolu- she has been appointed to NYSUT’s College and earned bachelor’s and tion from the faculty senate in support of adjunct health care. and AFT’s community college advisory committees. She is im- master’s degrees there. A member mersed in governance issues, and since 1997, on the Executive of the PSC Executive Council, he is Susan DiRaimo, an adjunct in English Committee of the University Faculty Senate, where she is a liai- also the Vice Chair of the College as a Second Language at City College son to the Status of the Faculty Committee. She is committed to Laboratory Technician (CLT) chap- and Lehman and coauthor of Life, a democratic and collective process in union decision-making. ter and a delegate to the Delegate Language and the Urban Experience, Assembly. As a cross-campus of- was elected to represent part-time per- ficer, he proudly represents a hard- sonnel in 2003. She lobbies Albany for For Community College Officers working and often unseen labor unemployment insurance for adjuncts Lorraine Cohen, professor of sociol- force of the University. He brings to and works for a seniority system for ogy at LaGuardia Community College, the Executive Council years of experience interacting with part-timers. She testifies regularly serves on the Executive Council and is a students, faculty and management and welcomes the oppor- at the Board of Trustees, especially member of the Negotiations Committee. tunity to be an advocate for the professional staff. against tuition increases. Susan is the As LaGuardia’s Chapter Chair, she or- volunteer director of the Northwest ganized the struggle against the grow- Andrea Ades Vásquez, the associ- Support Committee for the Homeless, which feeds the subway ing “shadow workload” and mobilized ate director of the American Social homeless and runs an overnight shelter. She received an award faculty and staff to support the PSC’s History Project/Center for Media and from Community Board 10 for her work with the homeless. anti-austerity campaign. In 2007, she Learning, is the managing director led the fight to prevent management of the Graduate Center’s New Media Steven Weisblatt, a continuing educa- from banning the use of college e-mail Lab, a resource for both students and tion teacher in the CUNY Language for union related communication. A faculty. She is also the designer of Immersion Program at York College, is sociologist with deep roots at CUNY, Lorraine is an outspoken many US history websites and docu- currently serving as Chapter Chair at advocate for CUNY students, working frequently with student mentaries used in CUNY and other York – the first contingent faculty mem- coalitions in support of funding for the University. She was college and high school classrooms. ber to hold the position. As Chapter NYSUT’s 2005 Higher Education Member of the Year. On the Executive Council and the Chair, he has focused on improving Negotiations Committee, Andrea is physical conditions at the college. Steve Sharon Persinger, associate profes- active in the HEO chapter and has helped to organize HEOs is a delegate to the Delegate Assembly sor in the Department of Mathematics across CUNY. She has contributed to the union’s use of social and a member of the Committee for and Computer Science at Bronx media and was a leader in planning the conference “Defending Part-Time Affairs. He gained prior ex- Community College, has served as Public Higher Education” at the Grad Center last fall. perience in union work as a shop stew- Chair of the PSC chapter at BCC since ard with the Communication Workers of America, Local 9410. 2010 and was recently elected to fill a Paul Washington, Higher Educa- vacant community college officer po - tional Associate, is Vice Chair of the sition on the PSC’s Executive Council. HEO Chapter. He is the coordinator For Retiree Executive Council Officers With her leadership, the BCC chapter of outreach for the Male Development William Friedheim was Chapter has worked on improving health and & Empowerment Center at Medgar Chair at Borough of Manhattan safety at the college, winning eq - Evers College. Serving on the Legisla- Community College in the sixties, uity for adjuncts, and restoring ad- tion Committee, he is co-coordinator seventies and nineties. A former labor equate funding for CUNY. Born into a union family in West for the union’s political action com- editor, he is the PSC’s award-winning Virginia, Sharon learned about the importance and power of mittee for Brooklyn. Before coming webmaster. He is an activist with the organized labor from the United Mine Workers. to CUNY, Paul was a counselor and PSC and retiree chapter, a delegate case manager for the homeless and to AFT and NYSUT conventions Felipe Pimentel, assistant profes- a teacher in New York City schools. and played a key role in revising the sor of sociology at Hostos Community He also served as chief of staff to the New York City Coun- union’s constitution, resulting in an College, holds a PhD in sociology from cil Chair for Higher Education, Charles Barron, where he amendment that gave retirees elected the CUNY Graduate Center. Before ac- worked extensively on increasing CUNY funds. He also co- representation on the PSC Executive cepting his full-time faculty position, he ordinated the Council’s Workforce Initiative, providing edu- Council. In 2011, he helped initiate a PSC campaign to “Defend worked as an adjunct at several CUNY cation, training and resources to unemployed men of color. the Safety Net.” His publications include books on the Civil colleges, and he brings with him a deep War/Reconstruction period and the intersection of pedagogy knowledge of the institution. Since and new-media technology in the teaching of history. 2009, he has been a Community College For Vice President for Officer, a member of the PSC Executive Eileen Geil Moran currently serves Council and University Faculty Senate. Part-Time Personnel on the Executive Committee of the He currently serves as campus griev- Marcia Newfield, PSC Vice President Retiree Chapter and the PSC Executive ance counselor. Felipe’s research includes a study of the racial for Part-Time Personnel and author of Council. A longtime political activist, and ethnic composition of the full-time faculty at CUNY, and children’s books, has been an adjunct Eileen is a leader on the Legislation he has participated in Chancellor Goldstein’s Latino Faculty lecturer in English since l988. She is a Committee and co-coordinator of the Recruitment initiative. A serious bird-watcher and photogra- grievance counselor for part-timers, a union’s political action committee for pher, Felipe is currently doing a sociological investigation of the member of the Executive Council and Queens. Recently, she has worked on practice of bird-watching in the New York Metropolitan area. Negotiations Committee and is an ac- the PSC’s Social Safety Net Project, tive participant in union committees alerting members to the national at- from Finance to Academic Freedom. tack on employee benefits and orga- For Vice President for A fierce advocate for part-time per- nizing members to ensure that their sonnel, Newfield initiated “First pension, health and retirement benefits are enhanced, rather Cross-Campus Personnel Friday” meetings for adjuncts and has than diminished. Moran was active with the Queens College Iris DeLutro, a senior counselor and coordinator of the helped to organize the campaign for adjunct health insurance. chapter and served on the Welfare Fund Advisory Committee. LEAP to Teacher Programs of the Murphy Institute, is Vice Newfield was also part of the international planning commit- A research associate at Queens College’s Michael Harrington President for Cross-Campus Personnel and chairs the Higher tee for this year’s meeting of COCAL (Coalition of Contingent Center, she also taught in the sociology department. Professional Staff Congress/CUNY Presorted 61 Broadway, 15th Floor First-Class Mail New York, New York 10006 U.S. Postage 15 –Minute Activist PAID Return Service Requested New York, N.Y. Permit No. 493 The Pathways petition & you Have you signed the petition for com/PSC-PW-petition-PDF. (It’s the repeal and replacement of all right if people sign both the Pathways? That’s great! Now you paper petition and online. We’re can ask a couple of colleagues to being careful to weed out any du- do the same. (See pages 8-9.) plicates.) There are lots of ways If they – or you – haven’t signed to spread the word; find the one yet, it’s not too late. CUNY faculty that works for you. and staff can sign online at ti- People should sign by April 20 nyurl.com/PSC-PWpetition. to make sure their names are You can post the center page included when the petition is pre- of this issue of Clarion in your sented to CUNY’s trustees. Again, department. Paper copies of the you can sign online at tinyurl. petition can be printed at tinyurl. com/PSC-PW-petition.

16 profile Clarion | April 2012

man who lives in Kings County and I’ve noticed something about your buying patterns and can now offer you special discounts.” Rather than being thought of as Rethinking the machine a mere tool like a hammer, these programs should be considered le- gal agents of the principals. They By JOHN TARLETON century social movements like Occupy needn’t be fully independent legal BC prof mulls robot laws Wall Street? persons, but once you understand Samir Chopra The software giants like Oracle them as legal agents it would resolve BA in Mathematical Statistics, and Microsoft have sewn up the some doctrinal puzzles in the law. Delhi University technical and economic landscape MS in Computer Science, of software with a very clever de- In what ways? NJ Institute of Technology ployment of intellectual property Think about something like PhD in Philosophy, regimes. There is a kind of 99% to Gmail’s e-mail scanning program, CUNY Graduate Center 1% balance that the free and open- which reads our e-mail and shows source software phenomenon us advertisements based on it. Two decades ago, Samir Chopra was aims to redress. If there’s a broad Google says, “Don’t worry, people a recent college graduate working historical narrative of computer aren’t reading your e-mail. It’s only at AT&T’s Bell Labs, where he wrote science, I think it would revolve programs that are reading it.” But computer programs for electronic around the tension between the it’s not relevant whether humans voice and data switches. Then Cho- economic significance of comput- are reading my e-mail. What mat - pra made a different kind of switch ing and the compulsion to play ters are the abilities of the thing – leaving the corporate world for the with it, to do more things with it, that is reading my e-mail. If you CUNY Graduate Center, where he to fully unleash its potential, to recognize these kinds of entities as studied the philosophy of science. share it with as many people as the legal agents of Google, then the Now an associate professor of phil- you want. knowledge they have becomes the osophy at Brooklyn College and the knowledge Google has – which is in Graduate Center, Chopra is coauthor What do you see as the trajectory for fact the case. Recognizing this, by of three books, including Decoding robotics and artificial intelligence in the way, would put Gmail in viola- Liberation: The Promise of Free and the coming decades? tion of the US Wiretap Act. Open Source Software (Routledge, More and more things will be- 2007) and A Legal Theory for Auton- come automated and this will What are some other examples? omous Artificial Agents (University become more mundane. Digital Google has developed a self- of Michigan Press, 2011), which ex- personal assistants will organize driving car. And while there are

plores how the legal status of robots anders our work for us in ways that would some things it can’t yet do, it can could evolve in the 21st century. require human thought today. As safely drive in traffic, get on or off ave S ave D machines replicate more of our ca- a highway, park and so on. So in as- Why did you switch from working at Samir Chopra – and how he looks to his iPad. pacities, we might lose some of our sessing liability for robotic vehicles, Bell Labs to academia? sense of uniqueness. It might help us what else can we compare this to in It was good work but I was find- controlled, how it is distributed, how tant ethical message that sharing think about exactly what we believe the law? We have pets, which are ing the 9 to 5 grind a bit dispiriting. it could be modified. This has inter- trumps an enclosure method. distinguishes us from machines or in many ways autonomous, but for I thought, “Maybe I don’t have to be esting implications for the political animals. which we are legally responsible. stuck in this job for the rest of my economy, for intellectual property How do you think creators should be Should we compare robotic vehicles life.” I had always been interested and for the nature of our society in compensated? What do you think distinguishes us? more to animals, to children, to a in the philosophy of science, and the coming century. People are talking about modes of The flexibility and richness of bulldozer parked overnight by the I decided if I was going to make a direct payment to artists that don’t our relationships with each other side of the road? Such choices give career change I might as well make How has the open-source software require intermediaries like record and with the environment, our use different answers in fixing how much it a big one. So, I chucked my job, movement affected our larger culture? companies. This will require accu- of language, our rich use of symbols. liability you have, and what kind of moved to Manhattan and started It has prompted a very broad- rate tracking, micropayments per- duty of care you have with respect to at the Grad Center. ranging discussion about these le- haps, payments for tangible, live Why do you propose to recast robots that situation. gal doctrines that go by the name of performances, movements away as legal entities in your latest book? It’s not a question of whether What was the significance of intellectual property. If economics from private collections of music When you go to Amazon.com there is human liability, but how it Decoding Liberation: The Promise is concerned with the allocation of to cloud services; a whole bunch of and buy a book, you don’t interact is shaped. For example, if you are of Free and Open Source Software, scarce resources, why import the different things will fall into place. with a human clerk, you interact using a robot car, is it ever reason- the book you coauthored with same old legal regimes and eco- The whole infrastructure will have with a program. But these kinds of able to take your eyes off the road? Scott Dexter? nomic principles to regulate digital to change. programs are not like vending ma- Defining the car as a legal agent, in We unpacked the philosophical products when they aren’t scarce? chines. They are more like quasi- given situations, helps answer such significance of free and open-source Open-source software licenses Do you see any connection between autonomous or quasi-intelligent questions. software. It’s not just about software have given us a very strong, impor- the free software movement and 21st machines that are capable of mak- Ultimately it’s about how much being free in price but free in the ing up the terms of a contract. They control we have over them, and sense of not restricted – in how one can arrive at conclusions like, “Oh, how much control they have over has access to the software, how it is A 21st-century conundrum it turns out that you’re a 35-year-old themselves.