DOCSLIB.ORG

Historical Archaeology of the Delaware Valley, 1600-1850

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Historical Archaeology of the Delaware Valley, 1600-1850 Historical Archaeology of the Delaware Valley, 1600–1850 Historical Archaeology of the Delaware Valley, 1600–1850 Edited by Richard Veit and David Orr THE UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE PRESS / KNOXVILLE f Copyright © 2014 by The University of Tennessee Press / Knoxville All Rights Reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. First Edition. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Historical archaeology of the Delaware Valley, 1600–1850 / edited by Richard Veit and David Orr. — First edition. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-62190-028-3 1. Delaware River Valley (N.Y.-Del. and N.J.)—Antiquities. 2. Delaware River Valley (N.Y.-Del. and N.J.)—History, Local. I. Veit, Richard Francis, 1968– II. Orr, David Gerald, 1942– F157.D4H56 2013 974.9—dc23 2013010717 Contents Acknowledgments xi Introduction xiii Richard Veit and David Orr 1. American Indian Archaeology of the Historic Period in the Delaware Valley 1 R. Michael Stewart 2. Charles Conrad Abbott’s Archaeological Investigations at a Seventeenth- Century House on Burlington Island, New Jersey 49 Carolyn Dillian, Charles Bello, Richard Veit, and Sean McHugh 3. Marcus Hook, Pennsylvania: Working Toward the Preservation of a Significant Historical Landscape 75 Joseph R. Blondino 4. Unearthing Wistarburgh: America’s First Successful Glasshouse 93 Damon Tvaryanas and William B. Liebeknecht 5. Transculturation and Ethnogenesis: Material Culture from an Eighteenth- Century Pennsylvania German Farmstead/Distillery 125 Patricia Gibble 6. The Archaeology of Food in Colonial Pennsylvania: Historical Zooarchaeological Exploration of Foodways on the Stenton Plantation 151 Teagan Schweitzer 7. The Roosevelt Inlet Shipwreck, An Eighteenth-Century British Commercial Vessel in the Lower Delaware Bay: A Framework for Interpretation 171 Daniel R. Griffith and Charles Fithian 8. The Archaeology of Quakerism in Philadelphia and Beyond: Identity, Conformity, and Context 185 John M. Chenoweth 9. The Baker and the Quaker: Ongoing Research from the National Constitution Center Site 205 William Hoffman and Deborah Miller 10. Rediscovering Franklin: The Archaeology of Benjamin Franklin in Philadelphia 227 Patrice L. Jeppson 11. The Early Poor in Philadelphia: A Preliminary Report on the Philadelphia City Almshouse Privy Excavation 249 Mara Kaktins and Sharon Allitt 12. The Root of the Matter: Searching for William Hamilton’s Greenhouse at the Woodlands Estate, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 273 Sarah Chesney 13. “He Will Be a Bourgeois American and Spend His Fortune in Making Gardens”: An Archaeological Examination of Joseph Bonaparte’s Point Breeze Estate 297 Richard Veit and Michael Gall 14. Historical Archaeology in Trenton: A Thirty-Year Retrospective 323 Richard W. Hunter and Ian Burrow 15. It Takes a Village: Archaeology and Identity at Timbuctoo 375 Christopher P. Barton Contributors 393 Index 399 Illustrations Figures Figure 1.1. Map of the Delaware Valley 3 Figure 1.2. Pennsylvania Portions of the Study Area Showing Counties 16 Figure 1.3. New Jersey Portions of the Study Area Showing Counties 17 Figure 2.1. Charles Conrad Abbott 50 Figure 2.2. Burlington Island, New Jersey 51 Figure 2.3. Glass Beads from the “Dutch Fur-Trader’s House” Collection 58 Figure 2.4. Tobacco Pipes from the “Dutch Fur-Trader’s House” Collection 60 Figure 2.5. 1876 Map of Burlington Island 62 Figure 2.6. 1893 USGS Topographic Quadrangle 63 Figure 2.7. December 29, 1937, Aerial Photograph of Burlington Island 64 Figure 2.8. 2009 Aerial Photograph of Burlington Island 65 Figure 3.1. The Marcus Hook Plank Log House 76 Figure 3.2. Interior View of the Marcus Hook Plank House 80 Figure 3.3. Excavation Unit of the Marcus Hook Plank House 83 Figure 3.4. Shovel Testing in the Median of Market Street 88 Figure 4.1. An Eighteenth-Century Glassworks Producing Cylinders for Windows 104 Figure 4.2. Fragments of Ceramic Pots and Blowpipes 106 Figure 4.3. Glass Shards from the Manufacture of Cylinder Glass 108 Figure 4.4. Mid-Eighteenth-Century Map Showing the Wistarburgh Glassworks and Other Associated Structures 111 Figure 4.5. Bottle Finish Fragments Recovered from the Wistarburgh Site 113 Figure 5.1. Crew Excavating the Original Section of the Alexander Schaeffer Farm/ Distillery 128 Figure 5.2. Exposed Eighteenth-Century Brick and Tile Firebox Bases 133 Figure 5.3. Excavation Grid Showing the Basement Distilling Room and Farmhouse Exterior 134 Figure 5.4. Artifacts from a Sheet Midden Deposit 135 Figure 5.5. Slip-Decorated and Plain Glazed Domestic Redware 138 Figure 5.6. Original Section of the Alexander Schaeffer Farmhouse 143 Figure 6.1. South-Facing Façade of the Stenton Main House 152 Figure 6.2. Stenton Archaeological Site Plan 155 Figure 7.1. 1756 Map of Lower Delaware Bay Showing Shipwreck Location 172 Figure 7.2. Frankfurter Ware 173 Figure 7.3. Hand Painted Creamware 174 Figure 7.4. Dutch Tobacco Pipes 175 Figure 9.1. Two Privy Features from the NCC Site during Excavation 209 Figure 9.2. China Glaze Wares from Feature 193 213 Figure 9.3. Children’s Cups from Feature 91 219 Figure 10.1. First Excavations Undertaken in 1953 228 Figure 10.2. Conjectural Drawing of Franklin’s Mansion by W. C. Campbell, Circa 1963 229 Figure 10.3. The Franklin Mansion “Ghost House” Sculpture 230 Figure 10.4. Mastodon Tooth Discovered in 1959 and Drawing of the Now-Extinct Mammut americanum 236 Figure 10.5 The Independence Park Unit of Franklin Court 240 Figure 10.6. Franklin Court Field Slide Taken in 1962 243 Figure 11.1. Plan View Showing the Almshouse Complex Superimposed on a Modern Aerial Photograph of Philadelphia 251 Figure 11.2. Base of a Locally-Produced Redware Chamber, Incised with the Letters “CM” 262 Figure 11.3. Base of a Locally-Produced Redware Chamber Pot, Incised with the Letter “X” 263 Figure 11.4. Fragments of a Scratch Blue Stoneware Tea Set 265 Figure 11.5. A Wine Bottle Bearing the Seal of John Pole 267 Figure 12.1. Portrait of William Hamilton and Anne Hamilton Lyle 275 Figure 12.2. The Greenhouse Complex at the Elgin Botanic Gardens, New York, circa 1801 276 Figure 12.3. Composite Map of the Historic Core of The Woodlands 279 Figure 12.4. Brick and Mortar Cistern at The Woodlands 280 Figure 12.5. Overall Photo of Unit Three Showing Both Brick Drains, the Cistern, and the Partial Foundation of the Greenhouse 284 Figure 13.1. Point Breeze on the Delaware, Thomas Birch, 1818 298 Figure 13.2. Students excavating at Point Breeze 299 Figure 13.3. Point Breeze 1823 301 Figure 13.4. Surface and Subsurface Features Identified Near the Site of the First Mansion 308 Figure 13.5. French Earthenware Plate with a Fine Transfer Print 312 Figure 13.6. Fragment of an Early-Nineteenth-Century Teapot 314 Figure 13.7. Early-Twentieth Century Postcard Showing the Entrance to Joseph Bonaparte’s Point Breeze Estate 316 Figure 14.1a and b. Historical Archaeological Sites Investigated in Trenton, circa 1980–2010 334 Figure 14.2. The Lambert/Douglas House, circa 1701–1790 339 Figure 14.3. The Petty’s Run Archaeological Site 344 Figure 14.4. William Richards’ Stoneware Pottery Kiln, circa 1774–1776 347 Figure 15.1. Location of Timbuctoo 376 Figure 15.2. 1849 Map of Timbuctoo and Mount Holly, New Jersey 379 Figure 15.3. Map of Greenwich Line of the Underground Railroad 381 Figure 15.4. The “Battle of Pine Swamp” 382 Figure 15.5. Feature Thirteen after Excavation 386 Tables Table 1.1. Some Historic Developments of the Delaware River Basin and Environs 8 Table 1.2. American Indian Sites of the Historic Period in the Delaware River Basin and Environs 9 Table 5.1. Material Culture from Contiguous Deposits, 1760–1810 136 Table 5.2. Ceramic Types and Forms, 1760–1820 137 Table 6.1. Distribution of Bones in Feature 14 159 Table 7.1. Goods Recovered from the Roosevelt Inlet Shipwreck 179 Table 7.2. Re-export Items Recovered from the Roosevelt Inlet Shipwreck 180 Table 13.1. Mapped and Identified Surface Features 309 Acknowledgments We are indebted to a number of people and organizations for their assistance during the preparation of this book. We particularly appreciate the assistance of Lu Ann De Cunzo and an anonymous reviewer who helped us refine our arguments and better organize the volume. The patience and guidance of editor Thomas Wells was invalu- able as we moved this volume toward publication. Michelle Hughes prepared the in- dex. We also appreciate the endless encouragement of our students and colleagues at Monmouth and Temple universities as we discussed various aspects of this volume. We also owe a debt to our colleagues and friends, whose research on the Delaware Valley and its archaeological history inspired this work, especially, Bernard Herman, Anthony N. B. Garvan, John Cotter, Herbert Kraft, Robert Schuyler, and Marshall Becker. The volume was improved by our discussions with Sherene Baugher, Michael Gall, Adam Heinrich, and Michael Stewart. Finally, the support and forbearance of our wives, Terri Veit and Linda Orr, and our families, as we spent our days with the shades of Dutch settlers on Burlington Island, pirates and their lasses in Marcus Hook, Ben Franklin and the Great American Incognitum, Casper Wistar and his glass- blowers in South Jersey, William Hamilton at The Woodlands, African-Americans fighting for their freedom at Timbuctoo, and many others, is truly appreciated. Introduction Historical Archaeology of the Delaware Valley, 1600–1850 is meant to be a selec- tive reader on the archaeology of one of colonial America’s great cultural hearths. Historical archaeologists have been studying sites in the Delaware Valley for over a century (see Abbott 1892, 1894; Mercer 1897; Cadzow 1936; Allen 1991), and sev- eral excellent books have been published on the historical archaeology of the region’s major city, Philadelphia (Cotter, Roberts, and Parrington 1993; Yamin 2008).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Prepared in Cooperation with the Trenton, New Jersey August 1982
    UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DRAINAGE AREAS IN NEW JERSEY: DELAWARE RIVER BASIN AND STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO DELAWARE BAY By Anthony J. Velnich OPEN-FILE REPORT 82-572 Prepared in cooperation with the UNITED STATES ARMY, CORPS OF ENGINEERS, PHILADELPHIA DISTRICT and the NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES Trenton, New Jersey August 1982 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR JAMES G. WATT, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Dallas L. Peck, Director For additional information write to District Chief, Water Resources Division U.S. Geological Survey Room 430, Federal Building 402 East State Street Trenton, New Jersey 08608 CONTENTS Page Abstract 1 Introduction--- - ---- -- --- ---- -- - - -- -- 1 Determination of drainage areas 3 Explanation of tabular data- 3 References cited 5 ILLUSTRATIONS Figure 1. Map showing location of Delaware River basin and Delaware Bay drainage divides in New Jersey 2 TABLES Table 1. Drainage areas at stream mouths in New Jersey, in the Delaware River basin, including tributaries to Delaware Bay 6 2.--Drainage areas at selected sites on New Jersey streams tributary to, and including the Delaware River- 15 3. Drainage areas at selected sites on New Jersey streams tributary to, and including the Delaware Bay 41 FACTORS FOR CONVERTING INCH-POUND UNITS TO INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM UNITS (SI) For those readers who may prefer to use the International System (SI) units rather than inch-pound units, the conversion factors for the terms used in this report are listed below: Multiply inch-pound unit By To obtain SI unit feet (ft) 0.3048 meters (m) miles (mi) 1 .609 kilometers (km) square miles 2.590 square kilometers (mi 2 ) (km 2 ) II ABSTRACT Drainage areas of New Jersey streams tributary to the Delaware River and Delaware Bay are listed for over 1,100 sites.
    [Show full text]
  • Guide to the Battles of Trenton and Princeton
    Hidden Trenton Guide to the Battles of Trenton and Princeton Nine Days that Changed the World December 26, 1776 to January 3, 1777 A self-guided tour of the places and events that shaped the battles and changed the history of America Go to http://HiddenTrenton.com/BattleTour for links to online resources Updated 2017 Copyright © 2011, 2017 all rights reserved. The pdf file of this document may be distributed for non- commercial purposes over the Internet in its original, complete, and unaltered form. Schools and other non-profit educational institutions may print and redistribute sections of this document for classroom use without royalty. All of the illustrations in this document are either original creations, or believed by the author to be in the public domain. If you believe that you are the copyright holder of any image in this document, please con- tact the author via email at [email protected]. Forward I grew up in NJ, and the state’s 1964 Tricentennial cel- Recently, John Hatch, my friend and business partner, ebration made a powerful impression on me as a curious organized a “Tour of the Battle of Trenton” as a silent 4th grader. Leutez’ heroic portrait of Washington Cross- auction item for Trenton’s Passage Theatre. He used ing the Delaware was one of the iconic images of that Fischer’s book to research many of the stops, augmenting celebration. My only memory of a class trip to the park his own deep expertise concerning many of the places a year or two later, is peering up at the mural of Wash- they visited as one of the state’s top restoration architects.
    [Show full text]
  • View Introduction for the Diary Days
    INTRODUCTION TO “DAYS” Prelude—December 14-25,1776: The bulk of the Continental Army under George ​ Washington is encamped on the Pennsylvania side of the Delaware River, where it is regrouping from a disastrous New York campaign against the British and Hessian forces and a long retreat across New Jersey. In New Jersey, Continental soldiers and militiamen engage Hessian troops in the area of Mount Holly while other militia units continually harass the Hessian brigade occupying Trenton. Thomas Paine’s The American Crisis inspires the weary ​ ​ Continentals to fight on. Approximate temperature at beginning the crossing 29° ​ ​ Day 1—December 25, 1776: A Continental Army force of 2,400 soldiers (organized ​ ​ ​ into seven brigades) crosses the Delaware River to New Jersey and marches almost ​ 10 miles to Trenton in a raging blizzard to assault the 1,500 Hessian troops occupying the town. Temperatures at dawn 33°, 35° by the afternoon. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Day 2—December 26, 1776: First Battle of Trenton - The Continental Army ​ defeats the Hessians at Trenton to win its first significant victory of the war, then returns to Pennsylvania with its prisoners and captured arms, ammunition, horses, and wagons. Temperature remains around 32° all day. ​ ​ ​ Days 3 and 4—December 27-28, 1776: Washington and his generals decide to cross ​ the Delaware back to New Jersey and join up with Pennsylvania and New England militia who have already crossed over from Pennsylvania and discovered that Hessian forces in the area near Trenton (in Bordentown and Burlington) have withdrawn. It snows up to six inches in the morning 28°, drops into ​ ​ ​ the 20’s that night Days 5 and 6—December 29-30, 1776: The Continental Army crosses the river (for the fourth time that month) and returns to Trenton, where Washington’s troops combine with militia to form a consolidated force of 6,000 soldiers that entrenches itself below the Assunpink Creek.
    [Show full text]
  • Settings Report for the Central Delaware Tributaries Watershed Management Area 11
    Settings Report for the Central Delaware Tributaries Watershed Management Area 11 02 03 05 01 04 06 07 08 11 09 10 12 20 19 18 13 14 17 15 16 Prepared by: The Regional Planning Partnership Prepared for: NJDEP October 15, 2001 TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures v List of Tables vi Acknowledgements vii 1.0 Introduction 1 2.0 Importance of Watershed Planning 1 3.0 Significance of the Central Delaware Tributaries 2 4.0 Physical and Ecological Characteristics 4.1 Location 2 4.2 Physiography and Soils 3 4.3 Surface Water Hydrology 4 4.3.1 Hakihokake/Harihokake/Nishisakawick Creeks 5 4.3.2 Lockatong/Wickecheoke Watershed 6 4.3.3 Alexauken/Moores/Jacobs Watershed 6 4.3.4 Assunpink Creek Above Shipetaukin Creek 7 4.3.5 Assunpink Below Shipetaukin Creek 7 4.4 Land Use/Land Cover 9 4.4.1 Agricultural Land 9 4.4.2 Forest Land 11 4.4.3 Urban and Built Land 12 4.4.4 Wetlands 12 4.4.5 Water 14 4.4.6 Barren Lands 14 4.5 Natural Resource Priority Habitat 14 5.0 Surface Water Quality 5.1 Significance of Streams and Their Corridors 15 5.2 Federal Clean Water Act Requirements for Water Quality in New Jersey 15 5.3 Surface Water Quality Standards 16 5.4 Surface Water Quality Monitoring 18 i TABLE OF CONTENTS 5.4.1 Monitoring Stations in the Central Delaware Tributaries 18 5.5 Surface Water Quality in the Hakihokake/Harihokake/ Nishisakawick 5.5.1 Chemical and Sanitary Water Quality 19 5.5.2 Biological Evaluation 19 5.6 Surface Water Quality in the Lockatong/Wickecheoke Watershed 5.6.1 Chemical and Sanitary Water Quality 20 5.6.2 Biological Evaluation 20 5.7
    [Show full text]
  • Hamilton Township, New Jersey
    Hamilton Township, New Jersey Hamilton Township turned negative publicity on the township’s approach to managing stormwater to positive action by engaging the Rutgers Cooperative Extension Water Resources Program (RCE). Township staff embraced a new, proactive perspective, RCE has since completed numerous implementation plans, and the community is now interested and engaged in water quality issues. By: Ryan Walker, Natural Lands Trust Background Hamilton Township, located in Mercer County, New Jersey, adjoins Trenton to the east and might be described as a typical Quick Stats suburb, given the development patterns that characterize much of Hamilton Township the township. However, in addition to the suburban landscape, Major adjoining water body: western portions serve as an extension of Trenton’s more urban Delaware River neighborhoods while areas to the south of NJ Route 130 contrast Major streams: Assunpink Creek, Pond with a distinctly rural and agricultural character. Its central location Run, Miry Run, Crosswicks Creek, Doctors between Philadelphia and New York make Hamilton an economic Creek center, with nearly 50,000 jobs in the township as of 2015. It is Population: 89,055 (2015 Five-Year also a transportation hub, with numerous highways crossing the American Community Survey) township, including Interstates 195 and 295, and the New Jersey Turnpike. Land area: 25,733 acres Water area: 870 acres (3.4%) The community is highly populous and is one of the five largest townships in New Jersey, with a population approaching 90,000. While modest population growth continues, it has leveled off sharply since the post-World War II boom. Housing stock reflects an older suburban community largely developed during that time.
    [Show full text]
  • First Battle of Trenton
    First Battle of Trenton Introduction The following tour is presented by the Trenton Historical Society with funding support from the New Jersey Historical Commission. Please begin this tour at the Trenton Battle Monument, located on the northern edge of downtown Trenton at the intersection of North Warren Street, North Broad Street, Pennington Avenue and Brunswick Avenue. Thank you for visiting Trenton and for your interest in the Battles of Trenton. By the middle of December 1776 it appeared that the American Revolution was all but over. General George Washington and the Continental Army had suffered a series of stunning defeats in New York at Brooklyn Heights, Harlem Heights, Throgs Neck, White Plains, and Fort Washington and had been chased across New Jersey and into Pennsylvania by the British Army. Congress questioned Washington’s ability to lead the Revolution. Washington’s troops were demoralized and ill-equipped. If the Revolution was to survive, the Americans desperately needed a victory. Washington decided to risk everything in a surprise attack on Colonel Johann Rall’s Hessian troops in the town of Trenton. Washington planned three separate but simultaneous movements across the Delaware River on Christmas night that would result in a convergent attack on Trenton before daybreak. But that night a violent winter storm pounded the Delaware Valley. Relentless snow, sleet and heavy ice thwarted all but one crossing. After battling sharp frost, high wind and heavy ice floes, only the force led by George Washington himself successfully crossed the Delaware at McConkey’s Ferry – ten miles north of Trenton and three hours behind schedule.
    [Show full text]
  • Assunpink Restoration Feasibility Report
    FINAL REPORT Environmental Restoration Report and Environmental Assessment Lower Assunpink Creek Ecosystem Restoration Project - Broad Street Culvert Prepared for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Philadelphia District Philadelphia, Pennsylvania November 2007 1717 Arch Street, Suite 4400 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103 Table of Contents Table of Contents ................................................................................................................................i Acronyms and Abbreviations .........................................................................................................iv Executive Summary............................................................................................................................v Needs and Objectives of Proposed Action .......................................................................1-1 Alternatives.............................................................................................................................2-1 2.1 Alternative One – Removal of Culvert Roof Structure............................................2-1 2.2 Alternative Two – Removal of Roof Structure and Southern Culvert Wall .........2-1 2.3 Alternative Three – Removal of Roof Structure, Southern Culvert Wall and Partial Removal of the North Culvert Wall...............................................................2-2 2.4 Alternative Four – Complete Culvert Removal and Realignment of Creek Channel ..........................................................................................................................2-3
    [Show full text]
  • NJS: an Interdisciplinary Journal Summer 2015 39
    NJS: An Interdisciplinary Journal Summer 2015 39 The Ladies of Trenton: Women’s Political and Public Activism in Revolutionary NJ By Catherine Hudak DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14713/njs.v1i1.12 Abstract Using the Ladies of Trenton as a case study, this article examines the extent and forms of women’s public and political activism in the early national period. An analysis of the Ladies of Trenton’s efforts demonstrates the pivotal roles women played in the formation of the vibrant political culture that emerged in late eighteenth century America. These elite NJ women had access to rich worlds of social and educational refinement coupled with strong political connections. The Ladies of Trenton used their literacy skills, knowledge of the patriot cause, and high social standings to captivate the nation as they entered male-dominated spaces of politics and print culture. Among the civic acts organized by the Ladies of Trenton include a fundraising campaign to assist the Continental Army and a public tribute honoring newly-elected President Washington. Contemporaries publicly recognized the significance of their fundraising to the success of the war effort as these NJ women refashioned gender roles for women by assembling to establish a committee, managing financial matters, and delving into military concerns. The Ladies of Trenton’s public tribute for Washington included profound symbolism commemorating the battles of Trenton and Princeton as well as being reflective of the new nation. The contributions of the Ladies of Trenton demonstrate the presence of active public roles for women during this critical historical period of nation building in the United States.
    [Show full text]
  • Order of Battle - Trenton
    Order of Battle - Trenton Unit Commander Unit size Notes Washington rode with Greene's division, and Commander-in-Chief Gen. George Washington observed the battle from high ground above the town near the artillery companies.[28] This unit's assigned task was the protection of Commander-in-Chief's Guard Capt. Caleb Gibbs about 75 Washington and his papers. Secretary Lt. Col. Robert Hanson Harrison Washington's aides-de-camp Lt. Tench Tilghman Lt. Col. Richard Cary Lt. Col. Samuel Blachley Webb Reed accompanied militia Brig. Gen. John Adjutant General Col. Joseph Reed Cadwalader's brigade in its failed crossing of the Delaware. Quartermaster General Col. Stephen Moylan Commissary General Lt. Col. Joseph Trumbull Paymaster General Col. William Palfrey Muster Master General Col. Gunning Bedford Director of the General Hospital Dr. John Morgan Chief Engineer Col. Rufus Putnam Greene's Division Maj. Gen. Nathanael Greene 2,690 Washington rode with this division. This brigade served as bridgehead and advance guard,[30] and formed part of the center of Stephen's Brigade Brig. Gen. Adam Stephen 541 Greene's line for the attack, along with Stirling's brigade.[31] 4th Virginia Regiment Lt. Col. Robert Lawson 229 Col. Thomas Elliott was absent. 5th Virginia Regiment Col. Charles Scott 129 6th Virginia Regiment Col. Mordecai Buckner 191 This brigade formed part of the center of Greene's Stirling's Brigade Brig. Gen. William Alexander (Lord Stirling) 673 line for the attack, along with Stephen's brigade.[31] 1st Virginia Regiment Capt. John Fleming 185 No field officers were present.[33] Col. Haslet was one of several men that fell into the 1st Delaware Regiment Col.
    [Show full text]
  • Flood of July 21, 1975 in Mercer County, New Jersey
    FLOOD OF JULY 21, 1975 IN MERCER COUNTY, NEW JERSEY U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Water-Resources Investigations 51-75 Prepared in cooperation with NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES BIBliOGRAPHIC DATA ,1. Report No. 3. Recipient's Accession No. SHEET 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date DECEMBER 1975 FLOOD OF JULY 21~ 1975 IN MERCER COUNTY, NEW JERSEY 6. 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Rept. Stephen J. Stankowski, Robert D. Schopp and Anthony J. Velnich No. USGS/WRI-51-7 5 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Project/Task/Work Unit No. U,S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division 11. Contract/Grant No. 402 East State Street Trenton, New Jersey 08608 12. Sponsoring Organization Name and Address 13. Type of Report & Period Covered U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division Final 402 East State Street Trenton, New Jersey 08608 14. 15. Supplementary Notes Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Water Resources 16. Abstracts Intense rainfall during the evening of July 20 and early morning hours of July 21, 1975 caused flooding of unprecedented magnitude in highly urbanized Mercer County, New Jersey. Over 6 inches (152 millimetres) of rainfall was recorded during a 10-hour period at Trenton, the capital of New Jersey. No lives were lost but damages to high­ ways and bridges, to industrial, business, and residential buildings, to farmlands and crops, and to water supply systems were severe. This report illustrates the magnitude of the flood and provides hydrologic data needed for planning and design to control or lessen damages from future floods.
    [Show full text]
  • East Windsor at Twosociety Hundred and News Twenty Part I
    WINTER 2016/17 HistoricalEast Windsor at twoSociety hundred and News twenty Part I Before the 1720s Searching for the Beginnings of East Windsor Places in East Windsor A Historical Gazatteer Before East Windsor A Brief History of Windsor Hightstown-East Windsor Historical Society 164 North Main Street Hightstown, NJ 08520 www.hewhs.com Editor’s Column n February 9, 2017, East Wind- Osor Township will become 220 Features years old. For more than one-fifth of that time, we have been the Hight- stown-East Windsor Historical Soci- ety. We plan to commemorate East Windsor’s milestone by devoting the newsletter to stories about the Town- President’s Message ship and its people. This is the first 3 by Charles “Cappy” Stults, III of three issues in which we will focus on East Windsor’s history. Many of our readers may not know Featured Article much about that history, and we’ve 4 Before the 1720s devised this first issue especially Searching for the beginnings of East Windsor by Robert W. Craig for them. In the centerfold, we’ve placed a map of the township Places in East Windsor... highlighting the places that have helped shape its history. We’ve 6 A Historical Gazatteer by Robert W. Craig further explained the map with a “gazetteer”--a dictionary of the place names--from “Hickory Corner” to Map of East Windsor “Heckalutz”--and while we may have 8-9 with places tagged overlooked a few, I think we’ve given Illustration by Rick Pratt plenty of information by which even the newest resident can orient him- Puzzle or herself to to the places of our past.
    [Show full text]
  • Mercer County – the Capital County – County Executive Brian M
    Mercer County – The Capital County – County Executive Brian M. Hughes Department of Transportation & Infrastructure 2014 Accomplishments and 2015 Goals 2015 Engineering Excellence Award Bridge 214.2 - Bear Tavern Road over Jacobs Creek ...Enhancing the quality of life for Mercer County residents by ensuring a safe, efficient and reliable transportation system today and into the future... Aaron T. Watson Deputy Administrator Department of Transportation and Infrastructure 2014 Accomplishments and 2015 Goals Table of Contents Pages Executive Summary Aaron T. Watson, Deputy Administrator------------------------------------------------------1 - 2 Buildings and Grounds------------------------------------------------------------------------3 - 6 Karl Thomas, General Supervisor of Trades Engineering------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7 - 18 Gregory Sandusky, P.E., P.L.S., Mercer County Engineer Highways (Roads)----------------------------------------------------------------------------------19 - 27 Chris Markley, General Road Supervisor Al Rhodes, General Road Supervisor TAMIS (Transportation Asset Management Information System) ----------------------28 - 50 Janel Bisacquino, GIS Specialist II Bridges & Culverts Unit---------------------------------------------------------------------------51 - 59 Wayne Schultz, General Supervisor, Bridges Mosquito Control Unit-----------------------------------------------------------------------------60 - 66 Isik Unlu, Superintendent Mosquito Control Shade
    [Show full text]