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(Panulirus Argus) in the Los Roques Archipelago National Park (Venezuela), Through a “Parfish” Analysis

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(Panulirus Argus) in the Los Roques Archipelago National Park (Venezuela), Through a “Parfish” Analysis Page 510 62nd Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute Evaluation of the Lobster Fishery (Panulirus argus) in the Los Roques Archipelago National Park (Venezuela), Through a “ParFish” Analysis NATHALY MANZO and JUAN M. POSADA Universidad Simón Bolívar, Departamento de Biología de Organismos, Apartado Postal 89000, Caracas Baruta, Miranda 1080-A Venezuela ABSTRACT The spiny lobster fishery (Panulirus argus) develops widely in the Venezuelan Caribbean, locating most of its production in the Los Roques Archipelago National Park. As in other Caribbean artisanal fisheries, this resource has been evaluated in the locality using conventional methods, some of which warn about an eminent overexploitation, while others only reflect seasonal variations on the landing reports, without major concern. Under these criteria of uncertainty, the local authorities manage the resource establishing limits on their captures; restrictions that result in conflicts with the fishermen whom consider were not included when decisions were taken. For it, the present study is orientated to evaluate the state of the resource in the archipelago, using the “Program of Participa- tive Evaluation of Fishing Resources (ParFish)”, which is based in promoting active connection of the parts involved in the fishery, taking advantage of traditional knowledge, stimulating cooperation, to incentive co-responsibility in the management of resource and seeking to improve the indicators of fishing performance. Using this methodology, 109 surveys were applied during the season 2008-2009, concluding that the fishing effort exceeded the limits recommended by the program, which avoid the collapse of the fishery. The chance for fishing overexploitation was estimated on 65%, which agree with the opinion of 76% of fishermen, which consider that the resource is being overfished, and recommends to reduce the season and to control the fishing effort. KEY WORDS: Panulirus argus, Spiny lobster, Fishery management, ParFish, Venezuela Evaluaciñn de la Pesquería de la Langosta Espinosa (Panulirus argus) en el Parque Nacional Archipiélago Los Roques (Venezuela), a través del Análisis “ParFish” La pesquería de la langosta espinosa, Panulirus argus, se desarrolla ampliamente en el Caribe venezolano, concentrándose en el Parque Nacional Archipiélago Los Roques la mayor parte de su producciñn. Al igual que en otras pesquerías artesanales del Caribe, el recurso ha sido evaluado en esta localidad utilizando métodos convencionales, algunos de los cuales advierten una eminente sobreexplotaciñn, mientras otros solo reflejan variaciones estacionales en sus reportes de producciñn, sin mayores alarmas. Bajo estos criterios de incertidumbre, las autoridades locales manejan el recurso estableciendo límites en las capturas, con algunas protestas por parte de los pescadores que sienten que su opiniñn no ha sido tomada en cuanta en este tipo de decisiones. Por ello, el presente estudio está orientado a evaluar el estado del recurso en el archipiélago utilizando el “Programa de Evaluaciñn Participativa de los Recursos Pesqueros (ParFish)”. Este se basa en promover la vinculaciñn activa de las partes involucradas en la pesquería, aprovechando el conocimiento tradicional, incentivando la cooperaciñn, estimulando la corresponsabilidad en el manejo del recurso y buscando mejorar los indicadores de desempeðo pesquero. Para ello se aplicaron 109 encuestas durante la temporada 2008 - 2009, concluyéndose que el esfuerzo de pesca aplicado sobrepasñ los límites recomendados por el programa, que evitarían el colapso de la pesquería. La probabilidad de sobreexplotaciñn del recurso resultñ ser de 65%, lo cual coincide con la opiniñn del 76% de los pescadores, quienes consideran que el recurso está sobreexplotado, y recomiendan reducir la temporada y controlar el esfuerzo de pesca. PALABRAS CLAVES: Panulirus argus, langosta espinosa, manejo pesquero, ParFish, Venezuela L’évaluation de la Pêcherie de la Langouste (Panulirus argus) dans le Parc National de L’archipel Los Roques (Venezuela), au Cours d’une Analyse « ParFish » La pêche de langouste (Panulirus argus) se développe largement dans les Caraïbes vénézuéliennes, localisant la plupart de sa production dans l'archipel de Los Roques National Park. Comme dans les autres États des Caraïbes de la pêche artisanale, cette ressource a été évaluée dans la localité par des méthodes conventionnelles, dont certaines mettent en garde contre une surexploita- tion éminente, tandis que d'autres ne font que refléter les variations saisonnières sur les rapports de débarquement, sans souci majeur. En vertu de ces critères d'incertitude, les autorités locales gèrent la ressource établissant des limites sur leurs captures ; des restrictions qui provoquent des conflits avec les pêcheurs qui considèrent n'avoir pas été inclus lorsque les décisions ont été prises. Pour cela, la présente étude est orientée afin d'évaluer l'état de la ressource dans l'archipel, en utilisant le «Programme d'évaluation participative des ressources halieutiques (ParFish)", qui est basé sur la promotion de connexion active des parties impliquées dans la pêche, profitant des connaissances traditionnelles, stimulant la coopération à une co-responsabilité incitative à la gestion des ressources et cherchant à améliorer les indicateurs de rendement de la pêche. En utilisant cette méthode, 109 enquêtes ont été effectuées au cours de la saison 2008 - 2009, concluant que l'effort de pêche avait dépassé les limites recommandées par le programme, ce qui évite l'effondrement de la pêcherie. La chance de surexploitation de la pêche a été estimée à 65%, qui concordent avec l'avis de 76% des pêcheurs, qui estiment que la ressource est surexploitée, et recommandent de réduire la saison et de contrôler l'effort de pêche. MOTS CLÉS: Panulirus argus, Langoustes, gestion des pêches, ParFish, Venezuela Proceedings of the 62nd Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute November 2 - 6, 2009 Cumana, Venezuela .
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