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Full-Text (PDF) Journal of Animal Diversity Online ISSN 2676-685X Volume 3, Issue 1 (2021) Review Article http://dx.doi.org/10.52547/JAD.2021.3.1.6 An annotated checklist of damselfishes, Family Pomacentridae Bonaparte, 1831 Paolo Parenti Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 1, 20126 Milano, Italy *Corresponding author : [email protected] Abstract A checklist of the damselfishes of the world, family Pomacentridae, is presented. A total of 798 nominal species belonging to 423 valid species and 29 genera is included. Most of the species are grouped in five genera: Chromis (109 species), Pomacentrus (82), Chrysiptera (40), Stegastes (39), and Amphiprion (29), but 12 genera contain only one or two species. The following main taxonomic decisions are taken: Chrysiptera personata Fowler, 1946 is a new synonym of Chrysiptera rex (Snyder 1909); Dischistodus notophthalmus (Bleeker, 1853) is the valid Received: 23 November 2020 name for the species known as Dischistodus melanotus (Bleeker, 1858). Accepted: 30 December 2020 Chaetodon rotundus Linnaeus, 1758 and Chaetodon rotundatus Lacepède, 1802 Published online: 30 June 2021 are senior synonyms of Abudefduf bengalensis (Bloch, 1787). Perca japonica Bloch, 1792 is a senior synonym of Chromis notata (Temminck and Schlegel, 1843); Pomacentrus niomatus De Vis, 1884 is a senior synonym of Stegastes fasciolatus (Ogilby, 1889); Glyphisodon sculptus Peters, 1855 is a senior synonym of Abudefduf notatus (Day, 1870). All these senior synonyms are herein regarded as nomina oblita. Neopomacentrus flavicauda is proposed as nomen novum Neopomacentrus xanthurus Allen and Randall, 1980. Stegastes adustus (Troschel, 1865) is the valid name for the species known as Stegastes dorsopunicans (Poey, 1868) and Wangia Fowler, 1954 is an available name not invalidated by Wanga Chen 1943. Key words: Chrysiptera personata, Glyphidodon sculptus, nomen protectum, nomen oblitum, nomen novum Introduction to forked. The mouth is small with a single row of conical to incisiform teeth, in some genera followed Damselfishes are typical inhabitants of tropical marine by 1–3 rows of conical or flattened teeth, no teeth on reef environments, primarily in the Indo-Pacific, vomer and palatines, and the snout length usually although a few species are found in fresh and brackish shorter than eye diameter. The trunk, fin bases and water (Neopomacentrus aquadulcis, N. taeniurus, head are scaled. The scales are ctenoid on the trunk, Pomacentrus taeniometopon, and Stegastes otophorus) opercle and preopercle, but cycloid elsewhere. The (Kohda, 1988; Allen, 1989; 1991; Jenkins and Allen, lateral line is interrupted. The body color is 2002) and a number of species lives in cooler extremely variable, from brown or black to bright temperate seas (e.g. Australia and New Zealand). blue, yellow or orange, also with a dark ocellus on Damselfishes are small percoid fishes usually not the dorsal fin in several species (Nelson et al., 2016). exceeding 10–15 cm in total length. They are characterized by having an ovate to elongate, The life cycle is characterized by five stages: egg, laterally compressed body, a single dorsal fin with larva, settling larva, juvenile, and adult. Eggs are VIII–XVII (usually XII–XIII) spines and 9–21 soft guarded by the male. Damselfishes display a rays, anal fin with II spines and 9–16 soft rays, remarkable ecological and behavioral diversity, pectoral fins with 14–22 rays, and caudal fin rounded generally occurring amongst living or dead corals, This article is published with open access on www.jad.lu.ac.ir | © Lorestan University Press 37 Parenti 38 atoll lagoons, the vicinity of dropoffs on outer reefs, (Amphiprioninae, Chrominae, Lepidozyginae, and and other inshore areas usually at depths shallower Pomacentrinae) are considered by Nelson et al. (2016), than 20 m. The majority of species are omnivorous. but about 40 new species have been described in the Damselfishes are frequently territorial, particularly last five years (Fricke et al., 2020). A molecular study algal-feeding species. Some live in association with by Cooper et al. (2009) demonstrated that anemones (Amphiprion) and a few are cleaners. Amphiprioninae are nested within Pomacentrinae and Detailed ecomorphological studies have revealed that that Chrominae are still valid if the genera pomacentrid diversification is not due to a single Acanthochromis Gill, 1853 and Altrichthys Allen, adaptive radiation with an early burst of 1999 are moved to Pomacentrinae. Also, they erected diversification, but that “repeated ecological radiations two new subfamilies Abudefdufinae and Stegastinae have characterized the diversification of damselfishes” (Cooper et al., 2009). However, these two names are (Frédéric et al., 2013). A comprehensive treatment of invalid since they are not in accordance with the rules general biology and ecology of damselfishes has been of the Zoological Code of Nomenclature, as explained recently published (Frédéric and Parmentier, 2016). by Cooper and Santini (2016). The correct name for Pomacentridae have no economic importance except these two new subfamilies are Glyphisodontinae and for the aquarium trade. Twenty-nine genera (Allen, Microspathodontinae, respectively (Table 1). 1999b) with 387 species, arranged into 4 subfamilies Table 1: Classification of genera and species in the family Pomacentridae. No. of Subfamily Tribe Genus species Azurina 2 Chrominae Bonaparte, 1831 Chromis 109 Dascyllus 11 Glyphisodontinae Richardson, 1844 Abudefduf 21 Lepidozyginae Allen, 1975 Lepidozygus 1 Hypsypops 1 Microspathodon 4 Microspathodontinae Jordan and Evermann, 1898 Microspathodontini Nexilosus 1 Similiparma 2 Mecaenichthys 1 Parma 10 Microspathodontinae Jordan and Evermann, 1898 Parmini Whitley, 1929 Plectroglyphidodon 10 Stegastes 39 Amphiprion 29 Pomacentrinae Bonaparte, 1831 AmphiprioniniGill, 1859 Premnas 1 Acanthochromis 1 Altrichthys 3 Amblyglyphidodon 11 Amblypomacentrus 3 Cheiloprion 1 Chrysiptera 40 Dischistodus 7 Pomacentrinae Bonaparte, 1831 Pomacentrini Bonaparte, 1831 Hemiglyphidodon 1 Neoglyphidodon 9 Neopomacentrus 16 Pomacentrus 82 Pomachromis 4 Pristotis 2 Teixeirichthys 1 Many new species have been described in the last ten plus morphology and genetic markers, that reveal the years and an updated checklist of damselfishes is existence of species complexes and geographic needed, as testified by recent papers citing outdated variations which might be difficult to solve (e.g. the reference works. For example, Arango et al. (2019) Western Atlantic species of the genus Stegastes stated that “The Pomacentridae (damselfishes and Jenyns, 1840 as shown by de Souza et al., 2017). anemonefishes) is one of the largest families of reef In this study several taxonomic decisions have been fishes, with over 330 described species (Michael, undertaken, and they are summarized in the Results 2008)”. The presence of cryptic species have been section before the checklist of species. recently challenged by Souza et al. (2017) who emphasized inconsistencies between color patterns, Journal of Animal Diversity (2021) | © Lorestan University Press An annotated checklist of damselfishes, Family Pomacentridae Bonaparte, 1831 Material and Methods Glyphisodon Lacepède, 1802: 542. Masculine. Type species Glyphisodon moucharra Lacepède 1802. Type Original names, authorship and dates have been by subsequent designation by Jordan 1917: 64. checked on ECoF (Eschmeyer’s Catalog of Fishes) Glyphidodon Agassiz, 1846: 164. Unjustified (Fricke et al., 2020) and in the original publication. emendation of Glyphisodon Lacepède, 1802. Type material was examined for three previously Euschistodus Gill, 1862: 145. Masculine. Type species unplaced species, namely Chrysiptera personata Euschistodus declivifrons Gill 1862. Type by Fowler, 1946; Glyphisodon sculptus Peters, 1855 and subsequent designation by Jordan and Evermann Glyphidodon fallax Peters, 1855. 1898: 1560. In the present annotated checklist each genus and Nexilaris Jordan and Evermann, 1896: 512. species is arranged alphabetically, bearing in mind Masculine. Type species Euschistodus concolor Gill, the subfamily classification as proposed by Cooper et 1862. Type by original designation. al. (2009) and modified by Cooper and Santini Nexilarius Jordan and Evermann, 1898: 1559. (2016) should be adopted when phylogenetic studies Masculine. Unjustified emendation of Nexilaris Jordan of generic interrelationships are considered (Table 1). and Evermann, 1896. For each species, the type locality, type material, Indoglyphidodon Fowler, 1944b: 25. Masculine. Type synonyms, and distribution are given. Scientific species Indoglyphidodon abbotti Fowler 1944. Type names and authorship were checked by consulting by original designation). the original references in the digital library BHL or in Tropical Indo-Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. 14 species the conventional library as recorded in ECoF (Fricke according to Kuiter (1993); 18 species according to et al., 2020). Allen (1991) and 20 species according to Nelson et al. (2016); 21 species are listed here. The list of institutions where the type material is located is in Appendix. Abudefduf abdominalis (Quoy and Gaimard, 1825) Glyphisodon abdominalis Quoy and Gaimard, 1825: Results 390. (Type locality, Hawaiian Islands, U.S.A). Holotype: MNHN 8327. At present there are 798 nominal species belonging Distribution: Johnston Atoll and Hawaiian Islands. to 423 valid species grouped in 29 genera. The Abudefduf bengalensis
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