1998.P A. Selden(ed.). Proceettings of the lTthEuropean Colloquiumof Arachnology,Edinburgh1997.

Middle European C. L. Koch, 1834 (Araneae: Salticidae)-one, two or three genera?

Marek TAbkat and Jerzy Pr6szyriskiz

lZaklad Zoologii WSRP 08-l l0 Siedlce,Poland 2Muzeumi Instytut Zoologii PAN, ul. Wilcza 64, 00-950 Warszawa.Poland

Summary

The genusEuophrys from Britain and Central (excludingthe Mediterranean)is redqfined. Of seventeenspecies analysed, only E. .frontalis (Walckenaer,1802) and E. herbigrada (Simon, l87l) are proposedto representEuophrys (sensustricto). Pseudeuophrysis reinstatedto include four Europeanspecies. Six speciesare listed in Talavera.The relationshipsbetween the threegenera and their distributionare discussed.The statusof three specieshas still to be clarified.

Introduction subjectof informal discussionfor years,but in the majority of papersEuophrys is still the only Euophrysis one of the largestand yet one of genusconsidered. the most poorly known generain the Salticidae. Logunov (1992) was the first to review the Pr6szyriski (1990) and Platnick (1993) listed position of some Palaearcticspecies. He sug- over 130 nominal speciesfrom Europe, Asia, gested limiting the genus Euophrys to the Afiica, the Americas. and the Pacific islands Jrontalis species group and excluding In its present sense,however, the genus is a E. erratica, E. lanigera and E. obsoleta. mixture of many groups of unrelated species, Logunov also transferredE. aequipes (O. P.- frequently included on the basis of small size Cambridge, 1811), E. monticola Kulczyriski, and some convergent similarities in genitalic 1884 and E. thorelli Kulczyriski, 1891 pattern (coiled base of embolus, meandering to Talavera. Recently two other species, spermophore,one-chambered and round or oval E. petrensisC. L. Koch, 1837 spermathecae)- characters which are quite and E. westringi (Simon. common in salticids and are found even in 1868).were excludedand addedto the distantlyrelated subfamilies/groups (Zbka. Talavera list \Zabka. 1997; TaUUa & I 99s). Kupryjanowicz,l99T). We are not yet able to draw generalconclu- In 1912 F. Dahl erected the genus sions on the relationshipsbetween various Psettdeuophrys for E. enatica (Walckenaer, "Euophry,r" groups of species:this will not be 1826) (= P. callida). Some authors (e.g. possible Tullgren, 1944)followed Dahl, but most of them ,' until the majority of the world's species arerevised. For the time being,we can did not accepthis proposal.ln l99l Zabka I only con- centrateon local groups of species,such as the included E. obsoleta (Simon, 1868) in European f'auna. .Two other species,E. browningi According to recent Central European and (Millidge & Locket, 1955) and E. lanigera British catalogues,keys and local faunistic lists (Simon,1871), are added here, browningibeing (Merrett et al., 1985; Maurer & Hiinggi, 1990; of unclearstatus. [Roewer ( 1954)was the first to Pr6szyriski,1990,1991; Gajdo5 & Svatori,1993; transf'er E. bimaculattt (= p. lanigera) to Buchar & RdZidka, 1995; Starega,unpubl.), Pseudeuophrys.lThe verifled list of the three fourteen good salticid speciesare included in genera considered here will be given by Euophrys. Their generic status has been the Pr6szyriski(in prep.). ll6 Proceedingsofthe 17th European Colloquium ofArachnology, Edinburgh 1997

Character Euophrys Pseudeuophrys Tuluvers body length (mm) 3-5 2.5-5 t< 1 thorax much lighter then eye field + tibial apophysispresent T T bulbus + as wide as long T = bulbus with posteriorlobe T + distal haematodochaexposed + T bulbuswith anteriorsclerite + T bulbus with anterior pocket + embolusbase coiled + + I spermathecaeround or oval + T spermathecaeelongate + insemination ducts narrow I -'- +

Table 1: Comparison of charactersof Central European and British speciesof Euophrys, Pseudeuophrysand Talavera.

Central European and British species listed GenusPseudeuophrys Dahl, l9I2 hitherto in Euophrys, after Prriszyfski (1990) and Platnick (1993): l. P. brownlngl (Millidge & Locket, 1955) G P. obsoleta?\ 7. E. aequipes(O. P.-Cambridge,1871) 2. P. erratica (Walckenaer,1826) 2. E. aperta Miller, 1971 3. P.lanigera(Simon, 1871) 3. E. browninsl Millidge & Locket, 1955 4. P. obsoleta(Simon, 1868) 4. E. erratica (Walckenaer,1826) 5. E. frontalis (Walckenaer,1802) Genus Talavera Peckham & Peckham, 1909 6. E. herbigrada(Simon, 1871) l. T. aequipes(O. P.-Cambridge,1871) 7. E.lanigera (Simon,1871) 2. T. monticola (Kulczyriski, 1884) 8. E. milleri Brignoli, 1983 3. T.petrensis (C. L. Koch, 1837) 9. E. molestaO. P.-Cambridge,l9l2 4. T. thorelli (Kulczyriski, 1891) 1,0. E. monticolaKtilczyrtski, 1884 5. T. westringl (Simon, 1868) 71.E. obsolela(Simon, 1868) 12.E. petrenslsC. L. Koch, 1837 13.E. thorelll Kulczyriski, 1891 Genus Euophrys C. L. Koch, 1834 14.E. westringl(Simon, 1868) Euophrys C. L. Koch, 1834:1-8. Logunov E. aperta Miller, l9ll = Talavera monticola et al..1993:101-124. (Kulczyriski, 1884) Type species: Aranea frontalis Walckenaer, E. milleri Brignoli, 1983-probably Talavera 1802. but type not specimensare available Diagnosis: Spiders3-5 mm long. Thorax as E. molesta O. P.-Cambridge,t9|Z-probably dark as eye field or only slightly lighter. E. herbigrada(Simon, 1971) Abdomen with light mosaic pattern on dark grey background.Male palpaltibia with thin andlong Proposed taxonomic status of Central apophysis,bulbus much longer than wide and European and British specieslisted hitherto with posterior lobe, spermophore meandering, in Euophrys, doubtful speciesexcluded: embolus base coiled and set on distal haematodocha,spernathecae oval or round. GenusEuophrys C. L. Koch, 1834 Selected bibliography: Galiano, 1962; Wanless, 1975 ; Zabka, 1980 ; Pr6szyriski, 199 1; 1. E. frontalis (Walckenaer,1802) Logunov, 1992; Logunov et al., 1993; Peng 2. E. herbigrada(Simon, 1871) er al., 1993;Ikeda, I 996; 7aAUa,tggl . Tabka and Pr6szyriski: EuropeanEuophrys-one, two or three genera? t11

Euophrys Pseudeuophrys Talm,era efiatico minuta

tibialapophysis (ta) + tibial apophysis(ta) + tibial apophysis- bulbusnaffow + bulbuswide + distal haematodocha(dh) + posteriorbulbus lobe (pl) + bulbus pocket (bp) + embolusbase coiled + distal haematodocha(dh) + distalhaematodocha + anteriorsclerile (as) + embolusbase coiled + embolusbase coiled +

Fig. 1: Comparisonof male charactersof Euophrl,s,Pseudeuophrys and Talavera,based on type species. Proceedingsof the lTth EwropeanC.lLoquium o.fArachnoktgy, Eclinburgh jg97

Euophrysfrontalis

._\ssd#* w,w.'_,v W#V .=--=-=...- \gf

linseminationduct (id) not vervnanow + r

Pseudeuophryserrotica

linsemination(id) ductwide or missing

Talaveraminuta

linseminationducts (id) nanow+ I

Fig. 2: Comparisonof femalecharacters of Euophrys,Pseudeuophrys and Talavera,based on type species. Tabka and Pr6szyriski: EuropeanEuophrys-one, two or three genera? l19

Genus PseudeuophrysDahl, 1912 Oriental, Afrotropical and Neotropical regions, though precisespecies numbers and their distri- Pseudeuophrys Dahl, l9l2: 381, 589. bution requires comprehensive study. So far, Type species: Attus erraticus Walckenaer ./rontalis seemsthe only obvious speciesgroup 1826. to represent Euophrys and is mostly found in Diagnosis: Spiders2.5-5 mm long. Abdomen easternPalaearctic. lvith mosaic of light spots on dark background. Of nine Talaveraspecies, only one is known Bulbus wider than in Euophrys (as wide as from North America, from both lowland and long), with anterior pocket, posterior lobe less mountain localities. Others are of Palaearctic distinctive than in Euophrys or missing. Distal distribution. Logunov (1992) statedTalavera to haematodochanor as distinctiveas it Euophrys be a boreo-montanegenus, althou gh Talaverais andTalavera. Embolus long and massive,coiled really found mostly in mountains,peat bogs and at its base. Tibial apophysis wider than in tundra-likehabitats. T. aequipes(showing inter- Euophrys. Spermathecaeelongate, in some mediate morphological characters)also occurs speciesconstricted. in dry and sunny places all over Europe and Selected bibliography: Bohdanowicz & from many localities in Asia. T. monticola, Pr6szyriski,1987; Matsuda, 1991; Pr6szyriski, which was believedto be exclusivelymontane, 1991; Logunov, 1992; Logunov et al., 1993; has Penger al..1993'. tkeda. 1996:ihbka.1997. also been discoveredin lowland habitats QaAfa, 1991; Hajdamowicz, in prep.). The genus Pseudeuophrysis now represented Genus Tqlavers Peckham & Peckham, 1909 by five Palaearctic species: P. lanigera and P. iwatensis comb. nov. being found in its Talavera Peckham & Peckham. 1909: 378. western and eastern parts, respectively, and Logunov, 1992:1 5-82. P. erretica and P. obsolera of wider distribution Typespecies: Icius minutusBanks, 1895. (Matsuda,1991; Logunov et al., 1993).As men- Diagnosis: Body length 2.5-3 mm. Thorax tionedabove, P. browningimay be a synonymof distinctly lighter than eye field. Tibial apophysis P. obsoleta. missing.Bulbus massive,bag-like, with anterior sclerite. Embolus shorter than in Euophrys and Pseudeuophrys, set at the top of large distal Acknowledgements haematodocha. Selected bibliography: Prdszyriski, 1991, Professor H. W. Levi (Cambridge, USA), Logunov, 1992; Logunov et al., 1993, Dr P. Merrett (Dorset, UK) and Mr P. Harvey Wunderlich.1993: lkeda. 1996;Zabka,1997; (Essex,UK) providedcomparative specimens o{' iAAUag Kupryjanowicz, 1991. Talavera and Pseudeuophrys.Dr D. V. Logunov (Novosibirsk,) is acknowledgedfor fruil ful discussionsand suggestionsover the yearsof Remarks on distribution and relationships our co-operation. The morphological charactersand distribution of the genera analysedprove their close rela- References tionships.Although differentin details,all share a common epigyne and palpal organ pattern. BOHDANOWICZ,A. & PROSZYNSKI,J. I987: At least two Palaearcticspecies of Talavera and Systematicstudies on EastPalaearctic Salticidae one of Pseudeuophrysshow intermediate char- (Araneae),IV. Salticidaeof .Annls zool. 4l: 43-151. actersto Euophrys. The embolus of T. aequipes Warsz. BUCHAR,J. & RIIZIdKA, V. 1995:Checklisr of and T. petrensis is coiled at its base.The former spidersof theCzech Republic. In V.RiZidka (ed.). speciesadditionally has a small tibial process, Proceedingsof the l5th EuropeanColloquium of probably arudimentary apophysis.ln P. lanigera Arachnology.Cesk6 Buddjovice: Institute of the bulbus and female genitaliaare also slightly Entomology:35-53. similar to thoseof Euophrys. DAHL, F. l9l2: Uber die Fauna des Of the three genera analysed, Euophrys has Plagefenngebietes.1n H. Conwentz(ed.). Das the widest distribution-from Holarctic to Plagefennbei Chorin.Berlin: 339-638. t20 Proceedingsofthe 17th European Colloquium ofArachnology, Edinburgh 1997

GAJDOg P. & SVATON, J. 1993: The red list of PLATNICK, N. I. 1993:Advances in of . 1n Proceedings of the 15th I988-1991. With synonymies and transfers European Colloquium of Arachnology, Catania. 1940-1980. New York: New York Entomological Boll. Sed.Accad. gioenia Sci.nat.26:115-133. Society and American Museum of Natural History. GALIANO, M. E. 1962: Nota sobre el g6nero PROSZYNSKI, J. 1990: Catalogue of Salticidae Evophrys Koch, 1834 (Araneae, Salticidae). P/zysls (Araneae) a synthesis of quotations in the world B. Aires 23: 169-183. literature since 1940 with basic taxonomic data IKEDA, H. 1996: JapaneseSpiders of the Genera since 1758. Siedlce: Wy2sza Szkola Rolniczo- Pedagogiczna. Euophrys C. L. Koch and Talavera Peckham et PROSZYNSKI, J. 1991: Salticidae.1n S. Heimer Peckham (Araneae: Salticidae). Acta arachnol. & W. Nentwig. Spinnen Mitteleuropas. Berlin & Tolqto45:2541. Hamburg: Paul Parey. KOCH. C. L. 1834:Arachniden. /n G. W. F. Panzer A ROEWER, C. F. 1954: Katalog der Araneae von 1758 (ed.). Faunae Insectorum Germaniae initia. bis 1940. Brussels: Institut Royal des Sciences Fortgesetz von Herrich-Schaffer, Regensburg: Naturellesde Belgique. 122-127. TULLGREN, A. 7944: Svensk spindelfauna, 3. LOGUNOV D. Y. 1992: Definition of the spider Egentliga spindlar. Araneae, Fam. 14. Salticidae, genus Talavera (Araneae, Salticidae), with a Thomisidae, Philodromidae och Eusparrassidae. descriptionof a new species.Bull. Inst. r. Sci.nat. Stockholm: Entomologiska Frireningen i Belg. (Ent.) 62:'75-82. Stockholm. LOGUNOV D. V., CUTLER, B. & MARUSIK, WANLESS, F. R. 1975: Spiders of the family Y. M. 1993: A review of genus Euophrys Salticidae from the upper slopes of Everest and C. L. Koch in Siberia and Russian Far East Makalu. Bull. Br. arathnol. Soc.3:132-736. (Araneae: Salticidae). Annls zool. fenn. 3O: WUNDERLICH, J. 1993: Beschreibung der 101-t24. Springspinne Talavera inopinata n. sp. aus MATSUDA, M. 1997: Euophrys erratica Mitteleuropa (Arachnida: Araneae: Salticidae).Enr. (Walckenaer, 1825) and Euophrys iwatensis 2., Frankf. a. M. 103: 109-112. Bohdanowicz et Pr6szyriski, 1987 (Araneae: Z/'sKl' M. 1980: Salticidae from rhe Salticidae) found in Hokkaido, Japan. Bull. Himalayas. Chalcoscirtus Bertkau 1880 and (Arachnida: Hogashi TaisetsuMus. nat. Hist.13: 63-68. Euophrys C. L. Koch 1834 Araneae). Senckenberg.biol. 60: 359-369. MAURER, R. & HANGGI, A. 1990: Katalog der ZABKA, M. 1995: Remarks on evolution of Schweizerischen Spinnen. Neuchi.tel: Salticidae (Arachnida: Araneae). In V. RriZidka Schweizerischer Bund ftir Naturschutz. Centre (ed.).Proceedings o;f the I5th European Suissede Cartographie de la Faune. Co!loquium o! Arachnology. Ceske Buddjovice: MERRETT, P., LOCKET, G. H. & MILLIDGE, A. F. Instituteof Entomology: 195-201. 1985: A check list British of spiders. Bull. Br. ZABKA, M. 1997: Salticidae, paj4ki skacz4ce arachnol.Soc. 6: 381-403. (Arachnida: Araneae).1n A. Riedel (e<1.).Fauna PECKHAM, G. W & PECKHAM, E. G. 1909: Poloniae. Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk, Revision of the Attidae of North Ameica. Trans. Muzeumi TnstytutZoologii. Wis.Acad. Sci.Arts Lett.16:355 646. ZABKA, M. & KUPRYJANOWICZ, J. 1997: PENG, X., XIE, L., XIAO, X. & YIN, C. 1993: Talavera westringi (Simon, 1868) comb. nov.-a Salticids in . Chanssha: Hunan Normal new species for the Polish fauna (Araneae: University Press. Salticidae). Genus 8'. 169-173.