4 dl !hl Americans NORTHERN EDITION Applaud Congress Of Peoples JOHANNESBURG. w c U a n t t At a recent New York con­ Registered at the ference in support of African G eneral Post Office as a Newspaper ADVANCE, THURSDAY, MAY 27, 1954 PRICE 3d. liberation, addressed by Mr. Paul Robeson, Dr. W. E. B. du SWART PAYS UP Bois and other officers of the Council on African Affairs, a “FIGHT BUS resolution was adopted unani­ mously applauding the deci­ sion of the African National Congress to convene a Con­ APARTHEID ” ..., gress of the People to frame a .... - - Freedom Charter, and saluting *7 *<>:'*<> *{• •*>*. *4-r- the A.N.C. and the S.A.I.C. SAYS SACPO I f*r ^ > vy “for the courageous and heroic .....v , . . - ''"Z: ' ...... struggle ttiey have waged in CAPE TOWN. I V . : ; \.v.a...... fcAAWwwg <- the face of fascist-like repres­ “fTlHE ‘experiments’ in apartheid to be conducted on certain sion by the Malan Govern­ A routes by the Tramway Company are but the thin end of . ;> 'h u * * R : ...... ment.” the wedge, and we call upon the people, both non-European and he**.'?. S X This resolutiont which was con­ European, to oppose them in every possible manner,” says the veyed in a letter to Congress sec­ chairman of the South African Coloured People’s Organisation, re ta ry Walter Sisulu from Dr. W. ^ Hunton, secretary of the Coun- Mr. E. Deane, in a statement. r jj on African AffairsAffairs, reads: “Our organisation rejects the i v u “We applaud---• of the decision apartheid sections in the Bill to the African National Congress to Amend the Motor Transportation invite the co-operation of the South Act,” the statement adds. BAD SPORT African Indian Congress. South LONDON. African Congress of Democrats and “This attempt to allow for the Chiang Kai-shek’s delegate, other organisations of the people introduction of apartheid on the claiming to represent China at the buses and trackless trams in Cape in convening a great Congress of International Olympics Committee C > ? ifyi. • >>.' •>.' the People to frame a Charter of Town shall not go unchallenged. meeting last week in Athens, burst freedom for all who live in South “Cape Town is one of the few into tears and walked out whjbn cities in South Africa where non- the committee voted to admit the Africa- Although she was prevented fro taking her seat in Parliament, wWe earnestly hope that the Europeans still enjoy the right to People’s Republic of China. travel freely on buses. We value this China’s admission was proposed by Ray Alexander this week received a cheque of £27:4:6 from the Congress will be successful in unit- Government “to allowance as a member of the House? of Assem­ iiig sections of the people of right. No colour bar has ever been the Soviet and supported by Brit­ pn>cti d o*i Cape Town bus routes ain and the Commonwealth nations. bly for the period 21st to 27th April. 1954.” She donated the y o u r country in voicing the true in­ entire sum to Advance. terests and needs of the oppressed and there is no justification for its introduction. . . . and persecuted millions In South Africa. Ts it not because bus apartheid is not acceptable to the people and “We in the United States, who, SOUTH AFRICA'S the ‘experiments’ are bound to fail N.1.0. SURRENDERS like you, fight against the vicious that the Government has introduced c o d e of White supremacy, recog­ the above amendment to the Act in WAY FORWARD n ise our common enemy as the order to force it upon us?’* a rro g a n t and selfish interests who Moses Kotane’s article, now threaten to plunge the whole The South African Coloured ON GROUP AREAS “South Africa’s Way For­ w o rld into war rather than yield People’s Organisation is calling a ward.” which has been ap­ pearing in recent issues of Ad­ freedom to people whom they have conference of all sympathetic DURBAN. been accustomed to regard and ex­ organisations on Tues., June 15,7.30 vance, is now available as a p lo it as inferior human beings. p.m., in the Crawford Hall, 350 ETRAYING the “united stand” decision to reject the Group 16-page pamphlet, bound in s Victoria Road, Salt River, to discuss handsome red cover, price 6d. “We pledge continued support of B Areas Act, the Natal Indian Organisation now officially This pamphlet is obtainable your valiant struggle to save South the employment of non-Europeans accepts the principle of racial zoning. on Cape Town’s buses, and measures at Advance offices in Johan­ Africa from fascism and make it N.I.O. proposals to the Land Tenure Board at Pietermaritz­ nesburg, Cape Town and Dur­ a place where all people, regardless to be taken against the threat of burg jeopardise the interests of the entire Indian community, and, ban. Readers who wish to Df colour, may live jn decency and apartheid on the Cape Town buses order copies by post should dignity.” and trackless trams. if implemented, would threaten more than half the Coloured send 7d. (the extra Id. is to community of Pietermaritzburg with ejectment. cover the cost of postage) to T f ------1-----1-1-• A - x L » t ’t — ’ It was probably to the N.I.O. that major surrender to the Nationalists Advance, P.O. Box 436, Cape Minister Donges was referring when and is now actively and openly co­ Town. he announced in Parliament recently operating in the application bf the that a group of Indians was prepared Group Areas Act. to co-operate with the Government Before the first meeting of the in the application of the Group Land Tenure Board in Durban, the Areas Act. Durban Combined Indian Rate­ In a memorandum submitted to payers’ Association called upon the the Land Tenure Board, which is Natal Indian Congress and the STOP considering City Council proposals N.I.O. to convene a meeting to for the racial zoning of Pieter­ discuss what policy should be maritzburg, the N.I.O. supports adopted at the Land Tenure Board that proposals demarcating areas for and for the purpose of presenting a Indian occupation, and suggests that united stand at all hearings. Headache! certain other areas be proclaimed The meeting was held and all the “working areas,” which ultimately organisations present, including the Man-Asptrim b means White Areas. N.I.O., decided to reject the Group throbbing headaches Areas Act in toto. EXAMPLE you, take Mag-Aspiria at amc*i In terms of this decision the The N.I.O. recommends that the N.I.O. submitted a memorandum, Feel how gently the m m are Pietermaritzburg City Council follow as did the other Indian organisa­ calmed, the pain toothed away. the example of the Durban City tions, rejecting the Act and the Mag-Aspirin quickly restores Council by declaring the whole of zoning proposals before the Board. eonnd, health-giving sleep. It the commercial and trading centre a “working area”. Wherever “work­ PROPOSAL has given thousands of sufferers ing areas” have been proclaimed in At a later stage the Board decided welcome relief from headache, Durban it has been to the detriment to discuss the City Council proposal bladder pain, backache, tooth­ of the Indian community, resulting to set aside a certain area near ache, lumbago, aeuritis mod Westville for Indian occupation. in insecurity and the refusal of the rheumatic pains. authorities to grant Indians building Suddenly, to the surprise of the Delegates from all over the Western Cape attended a victory recep­ permits, even temporarily. other Indian representatives, the tion to Miss Ray Alexander, banned Natives’ Representative for Cape N.I.O. broke its agreement and, Secondly, the N.I.O. proposes that instead of opposing the proposal, Western, at Langa last Saturday night. Our picture shows Miss mno-nspiRin the north-eastern part of Pieter­ requested that the Board extend the Alexander thanking the enthusiastic gathering for their support. On maritzburg City be proclaimed an areas offered by the City Council. is not ordinary aspirin the left is Mr. Greenwood Ngotyana, secretary of the Western Indian area, in spite of the fact that Last week the N.I.O. was granted Province Vigilance Associations and Advisory Boards and on the approximately half the Coloured the right to appear before the Land right Mr. Z. Malindi, executive member of the Athlone Vigilance population resides there. Association. Tenure Board at Pietermaritzburg, and stares. Thus the N.I.O. has made its first (Continued on page 6) 2 ADVANCE, THURSDAY, MAY 27, 1954

Address letters to ADVANCE S d i t o n i a l POST, 6 Barrack Street, Cape Town. Some of the letters be­ |§£ 'Advance low have been shortened or ex­ tracts only printed. AH letters must include the real name and BLOW TO RACIALISTS _____.....Post address of writer (not neces­ sarily for publication), other­ ^ H E decision of the United States Supreme Court that racial wise they cannot be printed. segregation in American public schools is unconstitutional is ;of the utmost significance not only for the United States but GET OUT OF YOUR ARMCHAIRS Jfor the whole world. AND FIGHT FOR VOTES FOR ALL SPREAD THE FIGHT iQ,Q^ e Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, passed in From Alan Doyle, Johannesburg: barrasses the Government is al­ 186c, guaranteed equal protection of the laws to all citizens. The I was surprised to see that you most certainly a political event From Howard Milford Tshizana, A“ .n C1V1^ w^r had been fought round the issue of slavery, printed the letters of both Mr. S. which delights the opponents of New Location, Worcester: whigh disappeared in law after the victory of the North. But Pharedi and Mr. J. Anthony, since the Government. American Negroes soon found that when they tried to apply their content was practically iden­ Get out of your armchairs, Mr. I would like to offer a bit of tical. Both follow the same line Pharedi and Mr. Anthony! The advice to our leaders, who are d^ nnl . ° f e^ual?ty in th?ir daily lives there were innumer­ of reasoning, which may be sum­ election of Ray Alexander de­ leading our people against the able difficulties. Particularly in the South, large sections of the marised like this: lighted and encouraged and in­ cruel laws of the Government. Whites refused to give way. The monstrous Ku Klux Klan, with spired every democrat who heard The stronger we press for freedom 1. It is useless for Africans to its reign of murder and sadism, was their reply to the threat of about it and who knew what Ray the more kicks in the pants we equal rights. * J elect anyone at all to Parliament stood for. Not only in the Cape get. I do not mean the struggle under the existing electoral laws. but all over South Africa. All for freedom'must stop, but rather In 1896 the American Supreme Court held that segregation (“1 refuse to believe that anyone over the world, for that matter, we must strengthen our efforts for who goes to Parliament as our for African emancipation has mil­ of Negroes from Whites was not incompatible with the 14th representative will ever improve the very existence of the op­ lions of friends in all five contin­ pressed nations of South Africa. Amendment, provided the separate facilities available for each on (previous) efforts to secure the ents. extension of democratic legisla­ race were equal. As a result of this decision the racialists in the I do not say “Well done, Ray I think it is time the Reserves United States were able to continue with their beastly doctrine tion.’"—Pharedi.) Alexander.” I say, “Well done, were included in the struggle. (“Anybody who gets elected voters! You are a credit to your What can the quarter of our of apartheid ngh up to the present day. It is well known that under an apartheid election sys­ people.” people do when three-quarters do nfefhTm™t im .^l H tes are stm subject to discrimination tem supports that system. not take part? Something must be of the most vicious kind in various parts of the country. Anthony.) done to link the red-blanketed o ‘ 2. It was wrong to call Kay THE ECONOMIC the Reserves with the struggle for Alexander’s election a victory for Public Pressure the Africans. (It “leaves the Afri­ BOYCOTT democracy. cans without representation. — Fro^j Z. T. S. Manyube, Gra- Only a few Europeans are on What has led the Court to reverse the 1896 decision? Pharedi.) (“You are not concerned h a ms town: our side. A few, only a few. with Africans being represented. It is in the first place the growing strength of the Negro In reply to the question by Mr. suffer like us. Do not be held people themselves, through their organisations? which has forced —Anthony.) , _ Lazarus Ngwenya, of Benoni (Ad­ back by deceitful trade unions, 3. Advance supported Ray in vance, May 13), in order to get which prefer us as a team of this concession from the Supreme Court. It is in the second place order to “spite and embarrass uie higher wages and receive better slaves pulling a heaped wagon to the force of international opinion which has made the United Government” (Pharedi), or get treatment from our White bosses, a span of oxen driven by both your own back on Swart States ruhng class realise that the colour bar is a luxury which it in my opinion, we must maintain Europeans and Non-Europeans in cannot afford in the cold war. J (Anthony). , , and encourage other people to which each has a rightful say. The I do not think that your short join the economic boycott—a editorial comment replies ade­ Unity Committee conference TT MiS C O U Ttt d e c i s ‘o n will automatically liberate the quately to these arguments; and vigorous step which has been shows that some organisations United States Negro It won t. In the South the racialists are the matter is of importance be­ taken bv the A.N.C. only want to enable the govern­ already planning resistance. The Governor of Georgia has already Here in Grahamstown there is ment to carry on with its activi­ cause new elections are approach­ an African who earns £6 a week called a special State education commission into “immediate ing. ties while we suffer. Now, let me say that it is not through this economic boycott. session to map a programme to ensure continued and perman- (Perhaps Mr. Manyube will Let the real struggle be extended ent segregation. Governor Byrnes, of South Carolina, said he Advance but Messrs. Pharedi and as far as Ae destructive legisla­ Anthony who are being incon­ write us another letter telling us was shocked by the Court s decision. how the boycott works in Gra­ tion is felt, to the remotest cor­ sistent and illogical. For if apart­ ners of the land. heid elections are useless from the hamstown.—Ed.) The battle for equal rights and opportunities for Negroes in point of view of effecting legisla­ the United States will sharpen from now on. Behind the legal tive reforms (point 1), then it fiction of full equality, discrimination will continue to exist The does not matter a bit whether racialists will defend their privileges with increasing ferocity. Africans are “represented or not BID TO FORM NATIONAL in Parliament (point 2). I tuny But the Negro people are advancing in spile of every dis­ agree with point No. 1. “Native ability and have wrenched an important concession from the Representative” elections unJ er ruling class. present conditions are a swindle. GARMENT UNION No M.P. elected who honestly ad­ vocates the aspirations of the Repercussions Africans has a snowball’s hope of Here in Africa too, the decision of the U.S. Supreme Court getting Malan’s and Strauss’s Par­ Cape Union Objects wdl have widespread repercussions It will blow to smithereens liament to accept his demands. CAPE TOWN. What is important, then, is to the apartheid pretensions of the Nationalists in this country who use the elections to the best ad­ /^FFICIALS of the Transvaal Garment Workers’ Union have established an office in Cape Town and are actively campaign­ have long tried to maintain quoting the legal position in the vantage in order to advance the U n f d States as an example, that segregation is to the benefit of people’s struggle to win a truly ing amongst the members of the 16,000-strong Cape Garment Work­ ers’ Union with a view to forming a national union. both White and Black and is not incompatible with the desire democratic system—a struggle that Sybil Hedley, the other official from can only be won outside the par­ We are not here to recruit of the Blacks for equal facilities. liamentary field. members or to smash the local the Transvaal. In the C ape the top Anybody who comes along and union,” Miss Hester de Wet told wage for a female machinist is £5 “Separate facilities are inherently unequal,” said the U.S. tells the African voter that bv Advance. “Refusal by the Execu­ Os. 9d. after two years. In the Court. Let Malan Donges and company put that in their pipes tive Committee of the Cape Gar­ Transvaal after 2 \ years the mini­ voting for him or her they wi mum wage is £6 14s. 2d. for and smoke it. Let the Holloway Commission on university be electing a candidate who will ment Workers’ Union to allow us apartheid take note of it. Let all the painters and displayers of be able to introduce and secure to accompany their officials to the Indian, Coloured, African and the passage of legislation which factories and find out if the work­ European women. “Europeans Only notices, whether on railway coaches, public will benefit the people is nothing ers want a national union forces At every factory they had been unnals or hbranes take note of it - above all, the pseudo- but a swindler and a liar. What us to act on our own.” to they had found support from theoreticians of SABRA. On the ideological front they have been the elections in the Western Cape There is agreement between the the workers for the national stabbed in the back by their great ally, Uncle Sam. show is that the African people no representatives of the Transvaal union, said Miss Hedley. “But longer accept such illusions. Thev Garment Workers’ Union and many have been afraid to show The U.S. Court, for whatever motive, has branded apart­ have turned the elections into ? Mrs. Rose Crawford, secretary of their support.” heid as a fraud. It is not through separation that the national the Cape Garment Workers’ Union, demonstration of their demand fo* WHO IS BOSS? full and equal franchise rights. Bv on the importance of having a aspirations of the Non-European peoples can be realised Separa­ electing in succession Sam Kahn. national union—both told Advance “It seems to me that here in tion can lead only to permanent inferiority and humiliation. Brian Bunting and Ray Alexander that in the face of the Schoeman Cape Town the workers do not From the heart of the empire of monopoly capitalism has thev have shown that they under­ Bill the maximum unity in the gar­ realise that they are the union,” stand they will not make any pro­ ment, industry was desirable. commented Miss de Wet. “They come the admission that common citizenship is the only road to gress by electing to Parliament OBJECTION are the employers of their officials equality. Let our people seize this weapon which has been pre­ fhe sort of liberal ladies and “What we object to is the back­ and should tell them what to do. sented to them and pursue the struggle for equal rights with new gentlemen* “friends of the door methods being employed by How can an executive of 11 speak determination and courage. Natives” who have told them in the Transvaal union,” said Mrs. for 16,000 workers?” the past and still tell them, that Crawford. “We can do the job and While supporting the idea of a Let the Coloured people refuse to accept bus apartheid in t h e i r conditions can be improved we don’t need Johannesburg to national union to bring higher the Cape. through diplomatic representations help us.” wages, many Cape garment work­ in Parliament. . Miss de Wet, however, alleged ers fear that this would also mean Let flie Indian people refuse to accept a ghetto life under Looked at from this point of that every time an attempt had separate unions for European and the Group Areas Act. view, these elections were indeed been made by the Transvaal union Coloured workers in the Cape. a victory. A victory for the con­ to form a co-ordinating body with Though Miss de Wet said this Let the African people reject the Western Areas removal ception of mass action as on- the unions in other centres the exe­ would not be the case. Miss Hed- scheme and all the fascist masures which Verwoerd is trying to posed to idle reformist dreams; a cutive of the Cape had refused to lev replied: “Under the Schoeman impose on them. victory for the African People co-operate. On the last occasion Bill there would have to be separ­ I cannot understand why Phar­ they had said: “Our workers are ate branches anyway.” And let the Europeans now acknowledge that they live an edi and Anthony are m upset at quite satisfied with their condi­ When it was explained that for immoral and shameful life as masters in a slave society, and in the idea of someone spiting and tions.” established unions this would not ever-swelling numbers join in the liberation struggle side by side embarrassing” the Government. “We want a national union for necessarily be the case, Miss Hed­ with their Black brothers. Let me state quite bluntly that uniformity in wages and conditions ley replied: “It works so much every political event which em­ throughout the country,” said Miss better, anyway.” FORWARD TO A FREE SOCIETY! ADVANCE, THURSDAY, MAY 27, 1954 INTERNATIONAL SUMMARY BY COMMENTATOR PETROV INQUIRY Fighting Against Phantoms WAS DAMP SQUIB Geneva, where the Great Powers are discuss­ the whole country from foreign imperialism and A ling the future of Korea and Indo-China, the local gangsterism. limelight has been stolen by two men making their That is the answer of the Chinese people to Dulles’ first appearance at the international conference sneering question; and it is an answer Dulles found table. so little to his liking that eventually he fled from They are Chou En-lai, Prime Minister and Foreign Geneva, having tried vainly to pretend to himself Red Scare Fades Out Minister of the Chinese People’s Republic, and and his pals that Chou just wasn’t there. LONDON. Pham Van Dong, Vice-Premier and Acting Foreign HREE days of the session of the so-called Royal Commis­ Minister of the Democratic Republic of Viet-Nam. Humiliation Didn't Work Both men speak for peoples who have had to T sion on Communist Espionage in A,ustralia turned out to fight their way to independence and international Like Dulles, French Foreign Minister Bidault has be a remarkably damp squib. Talking for hours on end and recognition against the hatred and hostility of the also tried to humiliate the representatives of the Democratic Republic of Viet-Nam and to belittle the piling up on the record as many words as a novel, the chief West. Both have had a long history of struggle and Government counsel, Mr. Windeyer, turned out to have no real leadership in the working-class movement to achievements of the people’s armies. When Pham strengthen them in their bargainings with the Eden- Van Dong suggested that representatives of the plot at all. Dulles school of diplomats. They are tough and people’s Governments of Laos and Cambodia should All the nonsense and innuendoes produced by the ex-Soviet also be invited to the Geneva Conference table cannot be bullied or intimidated. official Petrov proved to be nothing more substantial than the Against threats of force and the use of the hydro­ Bidault referred to them as “non-existent phantoms.” gen bomb they place reliance mainly on the strength It is French policy,, dictated by Dulles, to pretend normal work of reporting expected by the attaches of any and unity of their peoples and their determination to there is no genuine people’s movement in Indo- embassy in any country. free themselves once and for all from the threat of China and that all the resistance has been inspired by “foreign interests,” notably China. The Government was forced to the Government hinted that the imperialism. admit, despite world-wide sensa­ In his first speech to the Geneva Conference Chou (Of course, Bidault is not so keen to admit that Soviet intended to introduce agents said: “The peoples of Asia, like the peoples of the most of the fighting on his side in Indo-China has tional ballyhoo, that there was no into Australia. However, Mr. Win­ rest of the world, love peace and freedom. They been done by Frenchmen, Germans of the Foreign accusation against the Australian deyer had to admit hastily that the were» oppressed and enslaved for a long time. Legion, Africans from French North Africa and communists and that Petrov’s plan “had not been given effect.” “Tneir struggle for liberation from foreign im­ other un-Indo-Chinese elements!) “information” and “documents”, Petrov claimed to have had con­ perialistic enslavement, for national independence Pham Van Dong put Bidault in his place. Recall­ neither of which were produced, tacts with certain Australian civil and freedom, is a just struggle. There is no force ing that during one of the United Nations debates “did not in any way refer to the servants. One of them is recorded to which can stop this historical development.” on a previous occasion Bidault had referred to the Australian Communist Party”. Those have been free with his criticisms These words find an echo in the hearts of all Government of Ho Chi-minh also as a “non-existent who had hoped for revelations of phantom,” he added: of the Minister under whom he Asians. It is United States unwillingness to recognise how some master spy transmitted to served. Again, Windeyer did not go this that is plunging the Far East into tumult and “And yet to-day France sits down at Geneva with Moscow the secret of the A-bomb further than say some of the civil violence and threatening the whole world with war. these phantoms and discusses important questions. explosions, or the Woomera rocket- servants may have been indiscreet. The world may well ask also why does France main­ range were disappointed. tain numbers of troops in Indo-China to fight against “Their associations with the Ostracism Russians seemed to have been phantoms.” MUD-SLINGING Western diplomats have long tried to prevent the innocent,” he said. Chinese and Viet-Nam peoples from obtaining their Pham Van Dong is a thin, The Commission’s work had rightful representation in international councils. The rather austere-looking man, already faded into embarrassment “SMALL MATTER” puppet Chiang Kai-shek still sits in on U.N.O. talks. i with deep-sunk eyes in a when it was adjourned “for several Other documents showed that the The French try to bolster up the weak-willed face lined with suffering. weeks” until after the general elec­ Russian Embassy vwas reporting on womaniser Bao Dai as the voice of Indo-China. Like Chou, he joined the tion due to be held next Saturday, social conditions in Australia, When it was proposed at the Berlin Conference of freedom movement when he May 29. But the political motives American and other investments in Foreign Ministers that Chou En-lai should be invited was a student. Arrested in for the Menzies circus were clear, the country, the character and social to the Geneva talks, U.S. Secretary of State Dulles j 1930, he spent six years in for the Commission did not adjourn the notorious French penal activities of certain politicians, asked sarcastically: “Who is this Chou En-lai?” before it had dropped some filthy pressmen and others. The Govern­ Here are some of the answers given by his 1 colony of Poulo Condor innuendoes (unproved) against the Many of his comrades died ment Counsel did not say this was enemies: Labour Party. what practically every Embassy Chiang Kai-shek: “A reasonable Communist.” 1 in this ghastly prison, but Pham Van Dong, through These were contained in a docu­ reports on as a routine. He admitted General George Marshall: “A man of his word.” ment marked H written, according Journalist Freda Utley: “Chou is hard to resist sheer toughness and the will to survive, held out vaguely that information on activi­ until his release in 1936. to Mr. Windeyer, by an Australian ties of the Soviet Embassy “may . . . witty, charming and tactful.” while in the Soviet Embassy. Among Journalist Mark Gaya, in the New Statesman and have been a small matter or a large other things it listed names of matter.” Nation: “Bizarre, brilliant and immensely resource­ Freedom Organiser people who had secretly contributed ful . . . a magnificent operator, playing from Spurning the highly-paid legal career which could to the funds of the Australian strength.” have brought him ease and comfort, Pham Van Dong Labour Party. The names were not Times magazine: “Urbane became the right-hand man of Ho Chi-minh in the and self-possessed • . • one mentioned and the document was struggle for independence. When the Second World not produced. of the master dissemblers of War broke out he was one of the organisers of the the age.” Viet Minh, the Viet-Nam Independence League, The Government Counsel also “How young he looks,” which by 1944 had liberated six provinces from the used the smear technique by assert­ j say the people of Geneva of Japanese. ing that Petrov claimed personal this handsome 55-year-old When the people of Viet-Nam came to power after association with certain Labour people’s leader. Considering the war Pham Van Dong was made Minister of Party M.P.’s. He did not carry the what he has been through in Finance in the Provisional Government. In 1946 statement further but left it like a his life-time, his appearance France signed a preliminary treaty with the Govern­ breath from the sewer. No accusa­ is a remarkable tribute to the ment, which by this time had been elected in free, tion of any criminal character was [indomitable spirit which has nation-wide elections. Later in the same year Pham made against the M.P.’s and their seen him through every Van Dong was heading a Viet-Nam delegation to names were not mentioned. crisis. France for talks with the French Government. ELECTION STUNT Regretting their abdication of power in Viet-Nam, Career the French were meanwhile preparing for counter­ This is the flimsy, dishonest stuff Born of a wealthy Mandarin family, he first be­ attack. Troops and supplies were secretly shipped to with which Menzies and his cronies came interested in the revolutionary movement while Indo-China. After the negotiations had dragged out hope to scare the Australian elec­ still a student in Tientsin. In 1919 he was one of for several months the French suddenly declared tors to vote on Saturday in their . the leaders of a demonstration against the Treaty the Viet-Nam terms were unacceptable and launched favour. With the signs growing that of Versailles, was arrested and sent to gaol for a an all-out war of reconquest. America is dragging Australia What a wonderful year. There he met the woman—also one of the To-day Pham Van Dong, after eight years of fight­ nearer war and actually using the demonstrators—who was later to become his wife, Menzies Government to blackmail Teng Ying-chao, now a member of the Central Com­ ing in Indo-China, is again discussing peace terms Britain into joining the “dirty” war way to banish mittee of the Chinese Communist Party and secre­ with the French—but this time he, tod, like Chou, is “operating from strength,” with the power of the in Indo-China, the Australian Prime tary of the All-China Democratic Women’s Fed­ Minister appears to sen*e that he eration. People’s Army at a peak of strength and influence CONSTIPATION and the French forces defeated in the field. needs an unusually dense smoke­ After his release from prison Chou went to But still Bidault talks of “phantoms.” It is his own screen to blind the eyes of the Know why Partons do so much France, where he worked in a coal mine at Lille, puppets in Indo-China who are the phantoms. Time electors. for you? Let me tell you! In the first organised Chinese throughout Europe into branches magazine reported on the first session of the Geneva place, Partons make sure that you of the newly-formed Chinese Communist Party. Re­ Conference: SCARE COLLAPSES get rid of a ll the body’s waste. In the turning to China in 1924, he threw himself into the “When the Communists finally agreed to a confer­ Until the inquiry started, the second place, they regulate the entire revolutionary movement and played a leading role ence including the three associated States (Viet-Nam, world was led to believe that Petrov nervous and digestive systems. That’s in many spheres during the following 30 years. would reveal a vast Soviet spy net­ a great combination! That’s the only Laos and Cambodia) provided the Communist Viet way to put the spring back into At the age of 26 he was made secretary and chief Minh were invited, and agreed to discuss a battle­ work endangering Australian mili­ of the political department of the Whampoa Military tary security and implicating your step and the sparkle into your field truce at the conference, Bidault discovered that eyes. You don’t just want to relieve Academy, during the period when Chiang Kai-shek Communists and others as traitors. and the Communists were co-operating to complete no representatives of the three associated States were Constipation. You want to make sure on hand (he had not bothered to discuss the situa­ But nothing happened. of complete elimination—get all those the Chinese revolution started by Sun Yat-sen. When tion with them seriously before going to Geneva). Chiang turned on his allies Chou escaped in the On the “spy” charge, the poisons out of your system. You “As Dien Bien Phu writhed in its last agony the Government admitted there was can’t expect to be free of Headaches, nick of time, taking many former Nationalists with Viet Minh representatives arrived in triumph. They him into the ranks of the underground army. no list of “agents” and no names Depression, Sluggishness, Indiges­ were met by China’s Chou En-lai, Russia’s Gromyko it could produce. tion and Blotchy skin until you do, During the early ’30s Chou En-lai joined forces and North Korea’s Nam H, while a French aide you know. And there’s nothing like with Mao Tse-tung. When the Liberation Army was frantically telephoned the Quai d’Orsay: ‘Send me Mr. Windeyer produced an Partons for the job! encircled by Chiang’s troops and threatened with three Vietnamese in a hurry! Otherwise we shall alleged letter said to have been destruction Chou was one of those who led them produce my cook— he’s a Vietnamese.’ ” handed over by Petrov instructing on the famous Long March. The 30,000 men who And so,, contemptuous of the common people, him to set up a fifth column in marched 6,000 miles in 368 days to reach safety in preferring force to friendliness, co-operating with Australia. But there was nothing PARTONS Pills Yenan formed the nucleus of the People’s Army crooks rather than with Communists, the French to support it and no shadow of Sold everywhere: which was later to emerge from its retreat and, in have finally cooked their goose in Indo-China. evidence that anything was done a two-sided fight against both Japanese invaders In all Asia to-day the imperialists, in plain lan­ about it. 30 pills 1/- 50 pills 1/6 and Chiang Kai-shek Nationalists, eventually liberate guage, have had it Having no “spies” to produce, 6303-2 ADVANCE, THURSDAY, MAY 27, 1954 ADVANCE, THURSDAY, MAY 27, 1954 COLOUREDS HAVE NO Ban The H-Bomb, FRIENDS IN PARLIAMENT iH VAL Or Else ! By Our Parliamentary oured people “into the arms of strength of oppressed peoples our memorandum he withdrew his Correspondent the Africans.” once they are aroused. It believes statement. in more subtle methods, there­ During the debate last week on The Senators and Members of “He therefore agrees with you* Parliament are concerned not with fore. Its principal weapon is bluff. __Yes. In this challenging article MALCOLM G. the Coloured vote Opposition The Nationalists,_ on the other speakers gave various reasons why the Coloured people but with their “Entirely?—Yes.” hand, believe in the method of * * * CLARKE, Lecturer in Mathematics at the University the Coloured people should not own interests. They agree with the Nationalists that all Coloured running around hitting everyone Fine Response By be placed on a separate voters’ over the head with a hammer. “You say you want the posi­ of the Witwatersrand, maintains that the hydrogen roll. But no one gave the real people should be kept in a state tion to be as it was in the past? reason, namely, that the Coloured of inequality, as cheap workers As far as the debate last week —Yes. Durban i Democrats bomb is a threat, not only to all humanity but to the population are entitled to the without democratic rights; they is concerned, that is the only quar­ “You had no vote?—Yes. disagree only with the Govern­ very existence of the world as we know it. common vote because they are rel between the U.P. and the “And you still do not want a Cwwfow. Fmrld entitled to equality. ment's methods. Nats.: whether to bluff or vote?—I do not say we don’t "?d~ S K sp-e tfC ledge that, in funcjS( Demo- THE H BOMB We should never forget that, as The thing the U.P. wants to whether to be tough. want it, but we as a people have prevent, at all costs, is the forma­ always stood by the Govern­ “^ “‘in Durban have donated our Parliament is constituted at p CAPfc lOWJN. crats m.,r ‘ Dromise of another Public attention has recently been focused on the at the centre of the stars, say, 20 million degrees present, there is not a single mem­ tion of a united front of the op­ The Report ment. We have learned that we £104, with f ,P rn°™ future. Will pressed peoples of South Africa, must stand by any Government Parents of children at ^ reHa African Primary School in “hydrogen” bomb. Two questions naturally arise: C. or higher. This initial high temperature is ob­ ber of either the Senate or the Elsies River Cape, went on a c aJ.°n to the Parow School Board What is the hydrogen bomb? How dangerous is it? tained by using the U-bomb as a “detonator.” House of Assembly who pleads and this is where they think the So much for the debate. Then of the country, no matter what Nationalists are being “stupid.” there is the report of the Coloured laws it makes, and we must obey last Saturday to complain abo B^ io n s at the s c h o o i . When the The hydrogen bomb, like the uranium bomb, is a At such temperatures the energy is quite uncon­ for equality for all South Afri­ denutation arrived at the Sen °ard buildings about 30 African “nuclear” weapon. That is to say, its energy derives cans. No one. The U.P. declares that the Col­ Vote Commission, which was ex­ those laws. That is our faith.” trollable, so that while the U-type operation has oureds “belong” to the White posed as one of the most ridicu­ * * * women wre standing ^Vmg which demand, from changes induced in the nucleus of the atom, practical, peaceful and useful applications, the The debate on the Coloured group. What does it mean by this? lous inquiries ever conducted. “Safetv for our children , 51 '-ompulsory Education for All , month? and is the result of the annihilation of mass as hydrogen-helium reaction can only be used for the vote has proved again that all the \ “You spoke yesterday of the It means that the Coloured people position under the Transvaal Re­ “Down with the Bantu Educati°« Act”, and “No Racial Discrim.na- such and its reappearance in the form of energy. All most appallingly destructive purposes. representatives in Parliament must put their faith in the U.P. Mr. D. Mitchell pointed out t i o ^ V e poHce were on the scene taking down the names and Ladysmith gnificently to the other types of explosive, such as T.N.T., etc., derive (since the expulsion of Sam Kahn that the commission did not have public where you were against also 7 % ^ contributed £50. and not in any of the true people’s carrying passes, as your father addresses of the women. m ~ their power from rapid combustion with sudden ex­ and Brian Bunting and the ban on organisations. the power to compel witnesses to th an k s to them too. We pansion of hot gases. Disastrous Ray Alexander) are on the side * be present, that it did not have told you. Are you to-day still op­ The deoutation, which c°nw ed °f Mr. B. A. Levitas, M.P.C, posed to carrying passes?—No, it and Four parents! Mr. J. Methloejoa Mrs. Barerra and that all the other small The fundamental difference in degree is brought Many (but by no means all!) leading physicists of White domination. Their argu­ the right to cross-examine wit­ follow their splendid out by the fact that combustion of one ounce of consider it at least improbable that a “chain re­ ments show it: their main com­ Subtle Methods nesses under oath to test the re­ will be good for us. Mrs. Lusede, were met insi ^ refn« 5 Kritzinger, M. . » “But it was not good in the w ho told them that the Board etused to see them because of the coal produces heat sufficient to boil and vaporise action” affecting all the hydrogen in the world could plaint against the Nationalist The U.P. has a better apprecia­ liability of their evidence, and The* Treasury cheque pictured on i pint of water initially at freezing point; the trans­ be “triggered” off by a hydrogen bomb. A mis­ Party is that it is driving the Col­ tion than the Nationalists of the that* Dr. Donges, the chairman, Transvaal?—Those passes were demonstration. Itwas by Mr. Levitas that they had for something else. nothing to do with the ^ p * 10". whose action was a spon T t front page is now safely de­ mutation of one ounce of matter into pure energy calculation in this respect could convert the whole had ruled that members of the cited in our bank, thanks to would do the same for 2 \ million gallons of water: planet into a blazing miniature sun, with the in­ Commission could not repeat “You said yesterday that the taneous indication of how felt about conditions a P -i <25 voters who made Ray stantaneous vaporisation of everything thereon. This Eureka School. to say nothing of the accompanying radio-activity. questions to witnesses to test their Indians get import permits, while Alexander’s victory possible. The At Hiroshima less than \ oz. of matter was to trans­ is a possibility. credibility. •fou do not get them. Is that so?— Eventually after the demo V°n had dispersed peacefully, the 1.500 JOIN JO’BURG’S ^es. p fction Committee warmly en- muted! The minimum certainty of its use in war would Mr. Mitchell said he asked that deputation was given a hearing the School Board, which promised K d Ray’s fine gesture at a re- be the annihilation of vast masses of humanity, the everyone who wanted to give evi­ “Do you think you will get to go into all the issues ral j bv A , i nf d f meeting The African vo- 100 Per Ceni. Efficient unendurable agony by searing, shock and deadly dence should be heard, but, using Points particularly stress V the deputation were the lack of permits under separate represen­ ££> they said, would be sure to While the uranium bomb operates by fission, re­ radio-activity of vast masses more, and that hun­ their majority vote, the Nation­ tation?—Yes, because then we playing facilities at the sC! ^ the * L *act tllat the c h i l d r e n were ! ’laud the decision, as they dreds—probably thousands—of miles from the CHRISTMAS CLUB alist members accepted some wit­ will stand alone.” notyLlfowed toRemain ins.grounds during the lunch presents a loss of mass of 0.08 per cent, and has knew that Advance was the only an efficiency of lower than 10 per cent., the hydro­ scene of explosion huge tracts of this pleasant earth nesses and rejected others. They break; the behaviour of the ^ncipal towards the p a r e n t s and From ARNOLD SELBY This is just a taste of the evi­ paper in the country putting up gen bomb operates by fusion, represents a loss of rendered vile and uninhabitable for generations— rejected 50 persons who wanted dence given before the Commis­ children and irregularities i» examination and promotion ot a fight on their behalf. the probable reduction of remaining members of HPHE Guardian Co-op Xmas Club is receiving a great deal of sup- to give evidence, including the mass of 0.23 per cent, and has an efficiency of prac­ A port from housewives and workers all over the Witwatersrand sion. I will give further extracts t w o other donations deserve tically 100 per cent. Hence, mass for mass, the H- the human species to a state of uncivilised barbarity spokesmen of the African next week. PUPThe deputation rei ueS{ecotfm\ttee hPrincipal be transferred or

EAST PEACE TALKS LENIN EMPLOYED War Policy Designed To A PRINCESS LONDON. Stave Off A Slump A report from Russia says a recent check-up of long-service LONDON. staff members of the Lenin State Library in Moscow was RITAIN and the Unifed States find themselves almost on made in order to award B opposite sides of the fence as the Geneva Conference drags bonuses. A modest, elderly into its second month—with no sign of a cease-fire in sight. woman came before the Board Far-reaching efforts to bring together the views of the French with a service record of over 30 years. During the conversa­ Government and the Democratic Republic of Vietnam have been tion she was asked what was made by both China and the Soviet Union, and the British her background and who was Mrs. Joseph Appiah, formerly Miss Peggy Cripps, daughter of the delegation, led by Mr. Eden, has been desperately trying to keep her father. “Prince X,” she late Sir Stafford Cripps, a former British Chancellor of the Ex­ the talks going. But American wrecking tactics are showing said, giving his name. “Have chequer, photographed with her son Kwame and her husband, who you any relatives?” she was ______is an Ashanti chieftain's son. grave signs of achieving their purpose. America’s “allies” are asked. being dragged nearer to war. “There is a rather distant cousin, a girl, living in Eng­ The prospect for Britain is a grim been squirming and twisting. Fre­ land,” she replied. one. The American plan at present quently they have denied that any “Who is she?” TWO MEN IN WEST is to break up the Geneva talks, if military talks are going on or that possible, without too seriously they have considered joining the “Queen Elizabeth.” damaging the Western Alliance. South-East war pact. At Geneva “Goodness! Who gave you They will then push all out for the they are doing everything to pre­ your job here?” a Board mem­ CHOOSE FREEDOM formation of a South-East Asia war vent America from wrecking the ber asked. pact and are opening military talks conference, not because they are “Vladimir Ilitch Lenin.” LONDON. in Washington on June 1. opposed to imperialist wars but She got her bonus and also T^THEN two men last week left the Western States and sought because the alternative is the a new flat. refuge in Czechoslovakia no great fuss was made about them U.S. WAR PLAN terrible one of being forced by in the propaganda agencies. Both had interesting stories, but from Immediate aim is to set up a Eisenhower into probably the the Western point of view they were disappointing, because in each military command under an Ameri­ ugliest and most futile war Britain case they had decided on their move in order to find freedom. can general which would take over has ever been engaged in. U.S. Interest in the One of the men was a twice- the supreme control of operations. The American Press is often This will include all war fronts in Protectorates wounded American veteran of two contradictory owing to public oppo­ wars, 33-year-old Corporal James Fine Play with a Indo-China. It will also imply sition to war. But it has set out the JOHANNESBURG. Davis, of Philadelphia. In his increasing American direction of Government’s ideas clearly enough. The hand of American big busi­ statement on seeking political Vital Message the British operations in Malaya. According to the Scripps Howard ness, personified by Bethlehem Steel asylum in Czechoslovakia, broad­ At first, according to inspired and other powerful dollar con­ cast by Prague Radio, Davis said columnist Thomas L. Stokes, Wash­ cerns, who are interested in the The Regent Players’ latest pre­ leaks from American sources, ington’s “Immediate aim at Geneva he had fought in the World War sentation, “The Trouble Makers,” valuable mineral resources of and later in the Korean War. After foreign intervention in Indo-China is to prevent negotiations of a Swaziland, is seen behind Malan’s has enjoyed a deservedly successful would take the form of military peace”. Then to build up quickly recently renewed clamour for the being sent home wounded he was run at the Library Theatre, Johan­ units from Siam and the Philippines, a Pacific N.A.T.O. with a unified drafted to the U.S. occupation nesburg. The writer has proved, as incorporation of the Protectorates, forces in West Germany. backed by American air and naval command in Singapore under an according to the writer of a re­ Bernard Shaw did 50 years ago, that force, supplied with American arms American general. the play of ideas can be the most markable article in the latest issue CHOSE FREEDOM thrilling of dramatic material. It and commanded by American of Fighting Talk, which has just generals. Through his experiences he be­ portrays the stresses of contempor­ TIGHTENING SCREWS made its appearance. came aware of the real policy of ary, McCarthy-ridden America; the Further intervention to inter­ As a result of British resistance, Analysing the inter-play of im­ the U.S. and saw that it “cost the menacing spread of fascist bru­ nationalise the war would include Eisenhower bluntly said he would perialist forces, the writer con­ lives of many of my fellow- tality; the overwhelming pressure smaller contingents from Australia, go ahead without Britain. Although cludes that no reliance can be soldiers.” on the ordinary, decent man to New Zealand, Britain and other Churchill was infuriated, he declined placed on the British connection for keep quiet about these evils, to countries aimed not so much at to comment in reply to urgent the future progress and independ­ “This, together with the condi­ look after “number one,” not to obtaining large armed forces but as questions in Parliament. But the ence of the High Commission ter­ tions in the American Army, “make trouble.” And it shows that a means of silencing criticism that ritories. “It would be foolish for has induced me to choose free­ those who succumb to these pres­ New York Herald Tribune said dom, peace and a happy life and the Western Powers expected Asians frankly President Eisenhower “had the people in the Protectorates to sures directly arid and abet fascism. to do their fighting for them. count on Britain. . . .” to become a good member of a tightened the screws on Britain on Other articles in a most interest­ human community.” These vitally important lessons FRANCE WRITTEN OFF questions of Far Eastern policy”. ing issue include a London letter ‘are taught painlessly through the from Simon Zukas, a challenging The second man was a Czech, medium of a thrilling and absorb­ Where does France come in? BIG RISKS Bohumil Lausman, former member Apparently the Americans have description of how T.B. can be of the Social Democratic Party and ing story. Torin Gerrity, grandson unofficially agreed to write off Behind the American policy of eliminated, and analyses of the ex-Deputy Premier of Czecho­ of an Irish revolutionary, wins un­ France almost completely as a mili­ taking big risks is the fear of a position in the trade unions (M. slovakia, who fled from his own popularity among the McCarthyite tary and political asset. The French slump. With American policy all Muller), the recent national country four years ago and sought element at a small-town university set for war, American high finance women’s conference (Hilda Watts by writing articles in the college will be compelled to grant the states and Paul Joseph), and “the myth of asylum in the American zone of and business trends have taken on West Germany. magazine criticising U.S. foreign of Indo-China complete “indepen­ intelligence tests.” policy. Four drunken students as­ dence” and the right to withdraw a new lease of life. For the first time since the end of the Korean Lausman lived in the thick of sault him so savagely that he dies. from the French Empire. This would N.I.O. Surrenders the American-financed activities of The subsequent story of the at­ turn them into American puppets on War, the trend towards deepening the Czech emigres, who live on depression has been reversed. tempt to cover up the truth about the Syngman Rhee pattern. on Group Areas money given to them for spying, the murder and the triumph of To meet the serious opposition of The financial paper Business (Continued from page 1) terrorism and work against the Torin’s friend, Stanley Carr, over the American public, it is not being Week, reporting on Geneva, said while the Natal Indian Congress Soviet. his own fear of reality, is skilfully suggested that ground troops will be Washington was prepared to turn and five Indian Ratepayers’ Associ­ handled by the playwright, George employed, only air and naval men the conference into a real showdown ations, specially formed to represent MENTAL TORTURE Beliak, to bring out a lesson which bombing and bombarding from safe “in which the H-bomb will be the Indian community at the “The four years I spent abroad,” dioes not apply only to the intel­ distances. Thus the fighting against Dulles’s trump card.” Following the Board, were denied a hearing. They he told a Press conference on his lectual in America but which is Asians, if the plan goes through, lead of Vice-President Nixon, who all opposed the proposals for racial return, “have been mental torture universal in its application. will be done mainly by Asians. said “We must take risks now, for segregation. for me, though at the same time a Sensitive and taut production by in a few years it will be too late,” The N.I.O., on the other hand, political schooling.” Cecil Williams and splendid team­ The British Government has the paper said, “the U.S. feels the revealed its intention to co-operate He said the emigres were blindly work by the players—among whom West has superior might today and with the authorities in the establish­ and recklessly supporting America’s Colin Romoff and Bob Haber were is ahead in the A- and H-bomb ment of ghettoes for the Indian plans, though they could see such particularly effective—brought this IRREGULAR? race.” people. plans endangered the very existence fine play to life and underscored You need Pepsilettes—this pleasant- Dr. M. M. Mootala, chairman of of the Czechoslovak State. its message: as important for South tasting laxative keeps you free of As on the eve of the Korean Africa as for the U.S.A. the Pietermaritzburg branch of the In addition to the lower ranks Constipation and the ills it causes. War, the UJS. Government stepped Natal Indian Congress, told Advance Headaches, Acidity, Indigestion, up its purchases of strategic of spies and wreckers, the Ameri­ The evening on which I attended that although the N.I.O. leaders did cans were giving special political was made particularly memorable, Lassitude, Bad Breath, Depression materials. Tin rose an immediate not represent the views of the are mostly caused by incomplete 7 cents a lb.; copper, lead, zinc, courses to officers selected by them because at the conclusion of the Indian people, their policy never­ to be members of the occupation performance the Observatory Dis­ elimination. Pepsilettes are made to soyabean prices also went up. The theless endangered the whole Indian correct that-gently but thoroughly. stock market soared to its highest force in case Czechoslovakia were cussion Club arranged for a dis­ Get some from your chemist or community, as co-operation by any re-conquered. cussion in the theatre on the merits level since September, 1930—23 group of Indians with the Land store today and feel that difference years ago. Business forecasters “I learned the plans of the and significance of the play, in tomorrow. became bullish (expecting further Tenure Board would assist the Americans from the closest range, which audience and actors partici­ rises). Government to uproot thousands of and saw they would inflict new pated. An unusual innovation, this, PEPSILETTES non-Europeans from their homes sufferings and new horrors on the which helped people on both sides Said the semi-official UJS. News and could lead to disharmony and Czech people,” he said. “This was of the curtain to a fuller under­ Trade Enquiries: Graham Remedies and World Report: “The H-bomb conflict between the Indian com­ one reason why I decided during standing of the experience in which Ltd.h P.O. Box 73^ Cape Town. munity and other sections of the they had participated. I2 I6 J has blown depression thinking out my stay in Austria to return to of the window.” population. Czechoslovakia.” M.H. ADVANCE, THURSDAY, MAY 27, 1954 7

peasants, no longer the brutish, “WHAT I SAW IN THE SOVIET UNION” By Brian Bunting ignorant, poverty-stricken muzhiks of Tsarist Russia. Here on these collective farms is being produced a new type of countryman, who has already contributed a great deal to the culture and scientific knowledge of his own country and A COLLECTIVE FARM the world as a whole. rTlHE same peace message was the oven when there is a hard The farm is run by the farm frost on the ground. workers themselves, and the -t conveyed us by workers annual general meeting of all the collective farm The First members of the collective, which May,” about 30 miles from Kiev. A Retired Couple decides policy and elects the farm The Nazis had been in P ^pa In one of the houses we came committee, is the highest author­ tion in that area, too, for jus across an old couple who had re­ ity in the economic sphere. In the over two years, and when they tired from active work on the left the collective farm was de­ political sphere affairs are con­ farm and were now only working trolled by the village Soviet, on stroyed. The Nazis took off with their-own small plot of ground. them every head of cattle and which every 100 people are re­ All collective farmers have a presented by one elected member. not leave so much as a chicKe . house with a small plot of ground Buildings were ransacked. for their own use. The old When we had done the rounds By hard and painful labour ‘he woman had not been expecting of the farm the chairman of the farm has been restored and is us, for she was rather disturbed farm committee, Mr. Solidovni- once again in flourishing shape about her appearance when we kov, led us back to his office. New animals, machines and , walked through the front door, “Well,” he said, “now you have assistance had been generously but when she heard we were visi­ seen a collective farm. Tell me, supplied by the authonties. tors from South Africa she livened what do the newspapers in your “The First of May” collective up immediately and started talk­ country say about our collec­ comprises 680 families^ ing about her life. The old man tives?” total of 1.070 workers. The farm meanwhile hauled out one of the We told him that reports varied is 3.114 hectares in size, ncludmg local musical instruments, some­ but that we had seen statements 2,241 hectares of P'oug^ § tion thing like a balalaika, and in­ about organised terror and slave Grain and vegetable production sisted on demonstrating to us that labour on the Soviet farms. He he had lost nothing of his old just laughed. z l„ a; S h Chs” br(.7»ine prac" Soviet agricultural methods have been widely adopted in the talent. People’s Democracies. Here a combine tractor station in Moravia is “I was beaten by the landlord For the record, we may end sowing land on a new agricultural co-operative. and his officials under the old this brief account of a Soviet col­ regime,” the old woman said. lective farm with the statement “Life was very hard then, and that there are 28,000 such collec­ When we visited the school we Academy, and many have done there was no hope for anybody. tive farms in the Ukraine alone. so. Also, in the region in which the activity on the farm, but we were could hear the sad tones of a But to-day life is good and we taken the rounds and^ shown ’cello coming from one of the We went into the homes of have no complaints. My daughter “May the First” collective is situ­ ated, there are still two farmers everything, there was t0jnSe tip-top rooms, and there was a young some of the farm workers. You is a doctor and my son is study­ will still find in these solid, re­ ing to become an engineer. That who have refused to join a col­ The. an|mals were J jn girl struggling through her first lective and are farming on their condition, and we immacu. cently built houses the great could never have happened to us piece. The music school has 41 ovens, famous in Russian litera­ before.” own. They are at liberty to do so sheds which were k P provided they do not employ any lately clean and ‘ £y. we pupils and nine teachers, and in­ ture. which the people used to use Incidentally, 2 per cent, of the marked to one mother that we struction is provided on a wide for cooking purposes in the day­ collective farm’s annual income is labour to help them, for in the had never before seen clean pigs range of instruments, including time and for sleeping on during set aside to provide for the needs Soviet Union the law lays down the piano, string and wind instru­ the cold winter nights. To-day, of its aged and infirm members. that no man may profit from the or clean pig-pens, and labour of another. is in any way typical one: ments and a variety of local folk however, the workers have com­ You may have noticed I have imagine the associati ]onger instruments. If the pupils make fortable beds to sleep in, though avoided using the word “peasants” with dirt and s Q u a l o r no longer good progress they may continue we can well- imagine some of the in talking of these collective farm TO BE CONTINUED NEXT applies in the Soviet Union. their studies at the Kiev Musical older folk still creep on top of workers, for they are no longer WEEK Mechanised We were also shown some of the machinery used on the far giant harvester combines auto matic potato sowers and .reapers, THE BEND IN THE ROAD ploughs and tractors andsoon. As far as farming could be mecn^ SYNOPSIS himself in his room. The elderly you'll sleep nice and cold to­ Katie’s brother Robert and his couple hovered around the window night.” A heavy boot put an end friend Basil have stolen the life- By KATIE HENDRICKS. lifting the curtain now and again, to his struggles and he sprawled savings of Basil’s father and waiting. into the van. 5 5 "$ Sct’Sw W f t f '- mother, Uncle Jacob and Aunt “There come the policemen,” At the police station, Aunt Daphne. Basil’s little brother. Little Dirkie stood thoughtfully muttered Uncle Jacob. “Ja, daar Daphne’s statement was read out Dirkie, saw them in Uncle Jacob’s in the doorway of his mother’s kom die law,” Aunt Daphne mill, a plant for treatl? has its room but did not know what they to him. Robert admitted his guilt room, his bright eyes alert, puzz­ echoed, as she jumped up to open and he was locked in a cell. machine repair shop^ the were doing. ling at the consternation of the the door. own granary and mm t^e adults. Suddenly he said, “Mum- They took it in turns to explain, Next day he was sent to the cereals. The of two large Robert delivered Aunt Daphne’s mie. There was somebody in remand yard in Roeland Street, station have charge ° plants Mummie’s room.” breathlessly, the situation to the .lunch. The theft was not discov- * European constable who had under escort. ered until Friday when Uncle “Who was in Mummie’s room?” arrived with a coloured police­ Jacob clattered over to the box Robert gave the police Basil’s Aunt Daphne asked eagerly. Dirkie man. Uncle Jacob told how he had last address. But Basil had gone beside the bed to deposit his grew afraid and looking at the found the box and Dirkie was ing are also conducted on weekly earnings. into exile on the Guano Islands floor, he burst into tears. fetched once more to tell what he until the hue and cry had died farm . Whistling softly through his “Who has been at the box? had seen on the day that Aunt down. There, in the company of What struck us more than any­ teeth and muttering to himself, Have you seen anyone in Mum­ Daphne had sent home for some others who, for one reason or thing about this co ities 0f Uncle Jacob saw for the first time mie’s room?” Aunt Daphne per­ lunch. another, were prepared to put up that something was wrong. sisted sternly. bta d ty ; iife%re missing. There The tall young policeman asked: with hard rations and harder work, is a school with 350 chiWrenan Controlling himself with an “Ja Mummie. The other day I “You think that this man, Robert he scraped guano off the barren 20 teachers, capable of supp y B effort that made his lean jaw saw Boetie and Robert there. But Hendriks, took the money?” rocks — steeped in fog and the the full 10 years of compulsory quiver, he exclaimed, “Ai-ai-ai-ai.” I didn’t see what they were doing.” “Yes, we are sure,”* said the stench of the islands. education demanded by ^ a He knew that his money was “You are Mummie’s sweet child. policeman. “Where is Robert Hen­ In the meantime, Robert was There is a matefmly doc. gone. He deliberately unpacked Now tell Mummie on what day it driks?” imprisoned in the remand yard at medical station ^ ef has its the linen right to the bottom of was. Can you remember?” “In there!” Uncle Jacob pointed Roeland Street Gaol; waking at tors and nurses. The farm the box. His money was gone, “It was the day that Mummie dramatically at Robert’s door. five-thirty in the morning; exer­ own radio centre, and in a0.ali‘O" gone. sent for lunch. Annatjie and I The European policeman flung cising for an hour in strange every house has its own ra4i° ^ “Moeder,” he called, “somebody were playing outside and I came The farm workers run the the door open wide. Robert was company of whom the only set­ has been to the box.” into the house to drink some sitting on his bed smoking. ting up exercise many had known diSrSJE- Aunt Daphne rushed into the water.” “Is that the jong?” asked the was lifting the el!»"ow to a bottle calsented shows twice produced weekl> ‘ The co„ecollec- room and peered anxiously into “And then?” Aunt Daphne policeman. of Vaal Japie; he breakfasted on the empty box, “The money . . J* urged. tive even has an orchestra ana^ “Yes, baas,” said Aunt Daphne mealie meal; lunched on mealies “It is gone; Jong, this is not “I heard Robert call, ‘Who is choir, and in additi eatrical firmly. and beans and washed that down orchestra, opera %nd * e a tricai to-day’s' job,” he muttered. there,’ and I said it was me. Then with tea and Went to bed in strict “My God, my God,” Aunt Boetie and Robert came out of The policeman signalled to his groups come out f q c0nective companion and they approached silence at*six o’clock. give performances o , js a Daphne wrung her hands, “But Mummie’s room.” who could have done such a “You are a good boy,” said Robert. I only heard about Robert’s im­ farms in the Jegl° H two shops library on the farm .and two snops thing? never left the house with­ Aunt Daphne grimly, “now you “Come jong, come, we are prisonment days' later through run by a co-operative. out somebody here.” and Annatjie must go to bed. You looking for you.” Aunt Minnie in Mowbray. must not say anything about this, There is even a school of music Robert sprang up and began to “What,” she exclaimed, delighted Robert was spending his usual see?” struggle silently with them. - i n the heart of the c°untr>s|de. Friday evening at the bioscope. “Ja,” said Dirkie gaping. at my ignorance, “Haven’t you And this, perhaps more than a y Only the two eldest girls and the Uncle Jacob and Aunt Daphne “The hotnot is strong,” said the heard about that skollie brother of thing else, demonstrated to us tne two little ones were at home. sat quietly at the window to wait policeman. “Wag, we’ll fix you. yours? He’s in prison, where he progress that h a s been m a c ^ Uncle Jacob gave them strict; in­ for the police. Just wait until we get to the sta­ belongs, for stealing Jacob’s carrying out the directive tion.” money.” Soviet Government that the dis structions not to touch anything When Robert sauntered in from tinction between town and coun and he telephoned for the police the bioscope, his Aunt and Uncle Robert was propelled along to try must be eliminated. from the cafe on the corner. said nothing to him and he shut the police van. “Come on, jong. (To be continued next week) 8 ADVANCE, THURSDAY, MAY 27, 1954

BEATEN BY MEN FROM ANOTHER From Ring PLANET LONDON. Britain has been stunned by the And Track 7-1 defeat of the English soccer team by the Hungarians in Buda­ BY GVS pest last Saturday, according to Press reports. It was the biggest de­ feat ever suffered by an English easily regain the World Bantam team in international soccer. The London Times said: “The WetI Done Samaai ! Crown from Australia’s Jimmie David Samaai, the undisputed English tactical formation against Carruthers! What utter rubbisn the new conception of the Hun­ South African non-European coming from a gentleman who is garians is as outdated as the horse- Tennis Champion, added another usually considered an expert on drawn bus. . . . As one of the feather to his cap by winning th6 boxing. England players remarked after the men’s singles title at the Sherry Willie is a good boy by South cruel execution was all over! ‘I’ve The deputation from the South African Coloured People’s Organisa­ Park Tournament at Croydon on African standards — but inter­ never seen anything like it. They tion which interviewed the Cape Town City Tramways Company Saturday. Earlier on at Wimble­ nationally he is just another fighter. were men from another planet.’ ” don, Samaai was not so fortunate Tony Lombard, who has seen According to the Argus corres­ last week to ask for the employment of Coloured men as bus drivers —he had to retire with bruised better days in the ring, wasn’t pondent, Budapest was reported to and conductors. From left to right: Mr. E. A. Deane (chairman), hands. Black South Africa is beaten by Willie. He was beaten be crazy with joy a* the result of Mrs^GIadys Smith, Mr. J. Mussel and Dr. R. E. van der Ross. proud of you, Samaai, for con­ by Old Man Time. The evry fact the match. “If you see a glum face tinuing in so determined a manner that the young and eager Willie it belongs to an Englishman.” as you have against such odds. The Toweel was not able to floor his title that you have won, besides man once in twelve rounds speaks WHY HUNGARY BEER HALL Labour Party Opposes having brought so much personal for itself. And here we have his glory, will serve to show the rest handlers clamouring for a shot at WINS PROTEST. Train Fare Increases of the world exactly what type of the world title! JOHANNESBURG. From BRIAN BUNTING talent is being stifled by South I say that Willie will have a CAPE TOWN. A statement issued by the Johan­ Africa’s malicious colour policy. hard time winning the Empire title While my wife and I were in More than 1,000 Langa residents, nesburg District Committee of the We hope in the years to come let alone the world title. Already Budapest, towards the end of mostly bachelors, unanimously con­ S.A. Labour Party protests vigor­ our sportsmen shall follow the he is having weight trouble — a March, we visited the huge sports demned the Cape Town City Coun­ ously against the proposed in­ trail blazed by people like you, fact which the Press doesn’t talk ground belonging to the Matyas cil’s decision to establish a beer creases by the City Council of tram Jake Tuli and Ronnie Eland. about much. According to Mr. Rakosi Engineering Works on hall at a meeting called by Langa and bus fares. These increases, says Haswell, Willie will still be able Cepel Island. There we saw hun­ Vigilance Association on Sunday. the statement, are “unjustified by Is Willie To wee I a to make the bantamweight division dreds of workers, men and women, The chairman, Mr. J. Papu, said the general position of the city taking part in sport of all kinds that the people were satisfied that finances. Citizens who take up re­ World Beater ? for another 12 months or so. Many after their day’s work was over. the beer hall would be a menace to sidence in distant suburbs should a fighter has been forced to hang We were conducted over the the peace and happiness of the be assisted by keeping fares at The Press is raving over the up his gloves because of weight sports club by the president of the township. reasonable rates.” potentialities of Willie Toweel now trouble. Some say this was the club, and after we had inspected that he has won the South African reason for Jimmy Carruthers’ the various facilities he invited us Featherweight title from “Grand­ retirement at the peak of his for a drink at the refectory. What pa” Tony Lombard. Some have career. And to have weight trouble we were most interested in, of even gone so far as to suggest that so early in his career is surely course, was the Hungarian soccer GOVT. NATIVE LABOUR Willie is a better fighter than his going to be Willie’s downfall. team which had beaten England 6-3 brother Vic. Reg Haswell — the in the first match. man who said that Marcus Temple Slumber David “How is it,” I asked, “that the Hungarians, whom we never heard BOARDS START WORK could beat our Jake Tuli — said Up to now the Slumber David after the fight that W7illie could of as footballers before the war camp have not disclosed their have now become world cham­ JOHANNESBURG. plans for the future. Slumber’s pions?” A CIRCULAR issued by the Department of Labour last week UNION ORGANISERS untimely defeat by the 18-year-old “Well,” he replied, “in the first Matriculant, Enoch Hlape, seems instructs all industrial councils to invite the Government - ap­ ARRESTED place jt is because for the first time pointed “Native Labour Boards” when agreements are being nego­ to have caused a serious set-back the whole Hungarian people are tiated. JOHANNESBURG. to their' original plan to proceed able to take part in sport. Tens of Eighteen African women were overseas. Whatever their decisions, thousands of our people, particu­ These Boards, established under dismissed from the textile firm and despite the fact that David larly the workers, are going in for the notorious Native Labour African Import and Export Cor­ still has one loss to account for, sport in a big way, so that what (Settlement of Disputes) Act, were Youth League poration recently. The African Tex­ I am of the opinion that he should comes to the top must be good. proclaimed in the Government tile Workers’ Uilion has started a go overseas. “In the second place, our whole Gazette of April 30. The effect in Disrupters To Be fund to assist these workers and people have become sports con­ practice will be to provide for nom­ to institute a private prosecution In the boxing world upsets are quite common. The recent defeat scious. If they don’t play, they inees of Minister Schoeman to be Investigated for alleged victimisation should the watch, and everybody is interested present and intervene in all major Labour Department refuse. to act. of Jolting Joe by nonentity Elliot that our teams do well. Thus, when Johannesburg. Arnold and the defeat of National negotiations between employers and On their way to a factory with the Hungarian team takes the field trade unions. As African trade Over 300 delegates from eight collection tins for this fund foar Welter King-pin Fondie Mavuse it plays for the whole nation, and by another nonenity Ray Makonza unions are, of course, excluded from branches attended the annual con­ union members were arrested by this gives our team the will to vic­ negotiations under the Industrial ference of the Transvaal A.N,C. the police and have been charged will serve to illustrate my point. tory.” Conciliation Act, the intervention under a municipal bye-law for col­ Youth League last Sunday. The The Slumber camp should not When the first match was played will naturally be in favour of the conference was opened by Mr. lecting money without permission of take this defeat very seriously. in England the whole of Hungary employers. Oliver Tambo, first secretary of the the City Council. They are the Fighters have been known in the stopped work an hour early in Youth League. Fraternal greetings national secretary, Mr. Aron past to learn a lot by a defeat. order to listen-in to the broadcast Mphahlele; branch organiser, John An editorial in Saamtrek, the were received inter-alia from the And this is the first major defeat of the match. After the match the organ of the S.A. Trades and Lab­ World Federation of Democratic Hena; and two of the victimised that Slumber has encountered — nation went wild with excitement, workers, Josephine Tshabalala and our Council, points out that “be­ Youth. besides he lost to a heavier man. and the figures 6-3 became the sym­ fore any agreement reached by Principal issue before the con­ Nita Mofokeng. bol of the renaissance of the Hun­ They were granted bail. The Slumber has shown in every one workers and their employers can ference was the disruptive activities of his fights, including the last one, garian nation. have any effect they will have to of a section of Orlando Youth union is defending the case, which know what this extraneous Board will be heard on June 4% that he is a fighter who possesses Leaguers who have been adopting rare stamina and a very dangerous thinks about it. Negotiations will a racialist line hostile to the Con­ punch. Ever since the day he GREYVILLE be complicated by the fact that gress leadership. WON ADVISORY BOARD became * the first man to floor Following are Owen Tudor’s sel­ three instead of two parties will Conference speakers sharply dif­ World Champion Vic Toweel, ections for the Greyville race henceforth be involved. ferentiated the progressive nationa­ SEAT Slumber has set the critics raving. meeting: list policy of Mr. Mda and other Mr. B. D. Mgugunyeka won the It will be remembered that Jack First Race: 1 CEDRELA, 2 Con- “If the Central Native Labour founders of the Youth League from Langa Advisory Board by-election Solomons, the noted British pro­ gregator, 3 Eton Lad. Board does not like what the indus­ the disruptive policy advocated bv for the married quarters last week. moter, offered to take Slumber to Second Race: 1 FAINT, 2 Liberal try has decied it will refer the the Leballo Group. Following full The vacancy was caused by the de­ Britain immediately afterwards. Day, 3 Tiber’s Pride. matter to the Minister, who refers discussion, conference resolved to, parture from Cape Town of Mr. Third Race: 1 DECANTER, 2 Fruit it to the Wage Board, which makes empower the executive to investi­ Fight after fight followed and an investigation and reports to the gate these disruptive activities and Katangana. Slumber just bowled his opponents Feast. 3 Bambi. Fourth Race: 1 QUARTER NEAR- Minister, who can suggest altera­ take suitable steps. over. He gave Tuli the hardest tions and refer them back to the Other resolutions condemned the OPTICIANS fight of his career. CO, 2 Thalassa, 3 Kilo. Fifth Race: 1 MIGHTY SWEET, 2 Wage Board, which will make a Western Areas Removal Scheme, Wolfson and De Wet, F.N.A.O. And now all that hard work determination or “order,” which the the Bantu Education Act, the Schoe­ (Eng.), Qualified Sight-testing and Boscon, 3 Bo’sun. seems to have come to nothing. Sixth Race: 1 WAYFARER, 2 Minister must then publish — but man labour laws. It reaffirmed un­ Dispensing Opticians, 4 King Boxing is a hard game and if you he can say for how long it will reserved acceptance of the leader­ George Street (between Bree and Gulistan, 3 Lady Paramount. expect to get anywhere in it you’ll Seventh Race: 1 ZEBRADARE, 2 apply. ship of the A.N.C. Conference in­ Plein Streets), Johannesburg. Please structed the executive to mobilise note change of Address. have to learn that a defeat is part Honeyway, 3 Balkan Sobrane. of the set-up. So take my advice, Eighth Race: 1 VITAMIN, 2 “The order can prescribe wages the youth against Verwoerd’s con­ Phone 22-3834 for Africans lower than those of ception of Bantu education. 20% Reduction to Africans Slumber, and pack your bags—you Idyllic, 3 Peer Gynt. Ninth Race: 1 YOUNG CHARLES, the Agreement. . . . The order can The new president, Mr. H. G. still have that right hand to fall Makg6thi, heads a strong executive. back on. 2 Overall, 3 Pugmill. under certain circumstances be ex­ STANDARD FURNISHING tended to all workers, and if in con­ Mr. Makgothi was present at last Published by Competent Publishing & Printing (Pty.), Ltd., 6 Barrack flict with the workers’ own agree­ year’s Budapest Youth Festival. CO. LTD. Street, Cape Town, and printed by Pioneer Press (Pty.), Ltd., Forgate ment, will replace the agreement.” 30d, 30e Voortrekker Street ( o d d . Street, Woodstock. . YOUTH FORUM.—Fact or Myth: United Building Society), BENONI. Unless otherwise stated, all political matter m Advance by Brian “It is a pity,” says the editorial, “You Can’t Change Human See our Contemporary (Swedish) Bunting, 6 Barrack Street, Cape Town. “that the Native Labour Act was Nature?”—4a Kort Street, Johan­ Furniture Display—it’s Dicerent. This newspaper is a member of the Audit Bureau of Circulation of not more firmly opposed at the nesburg, at 5.30 p.m. on Wednes­ Dial 54-3359 South Africa, Ltd. time.” day, June 2. All welcome. Collection Number: CULL0001

ADVANCE, Newspaper, 1952-1954

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