Projects by Bureau SLA, Moss, Rose, Safdie, and Scogin & Elam 171 What’s Your Type? 60 Studio Visit With Paolo Soleri 110 Terra-Cotta 101 74 THE AIA MAGAZINE

THE MAGAZINE OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS Architecture in an Age of Transformation

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ARCHITECTURE IN AN AGE OF TRANSFORMATION January 2011

January 2011 www.architectmagazine.com WWW.ARCHITECTMAGAZINE.COM 8 DESIGN 2011 JANUARY 188 182 172 CONTENT SARA HART Singapore Sands Bay Marina Safdie Architects LONG KIERAN Leerdam, the Netherlands Museum Glass National Bureau SLA EDWARD KEEGAN Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh Technologies Hillman Center for Future-Generation and Science Computer for Center Gates Elam Architects Merrill Scogin Mack 188 206 198 206 198 172 LYDIA LEE Calif. City, Culver Samitaur Tower Architects Eric Owen Moss JOSEPH GIOVANINNI Mass. Stockbridge, Yoga &Health for Center Kripalu Tower the at Housing RosePeter +Partners 182

FAR LEFT: TIMOTHY HURSLEY; TOP LEFT: COURTESY ERIC OWEN MOSS ARCHITECTS; TOP RIGHT: JEROEN MUSCH; BOTTOM RIGHT: NIC LEHOUX; FAR BOTTOM RIGHT: MATTHEW SNYDER →DESIGN

MACK SCOGIN MERRILL ELAM ARCHITECTS 172 BUREAU SLA 182 SAFDIE ARCHITECTS 188 PETER ROSE + PARTNERS 198 ERIC OWEN MOSS ARCHITECTS 206

DESIGN 173 ARCHITECT JANUARY 2011

CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY GATES AND HILLMAN CENTERS PITTSBURGH, PA. MACK SCOGIN MERRILL ELAM ARCHITECTS

TEXT BY EDWARD KEEGAN, AIA PHOTOS BY TIMOTHY HURSLEY WWW.ARCHITECTMAGAZINE.COM

Faced with a hilly site in the center of campus, and a program that required more than 200,000 square feet of classroom, offi ce, laboratory, and study spaces, Mack Scogin Merrill Elam Architects raised the bulk of the new Gates Center for Computer Science and Hillman Center for Future-Generation Technologies above its hillside site, creating a cantilevered complex that seems to hang in midair. DESIGN→ SCOGIN ELAM

Reaching seven stories tall at the EARLY 20TH-CENTURY Pittsburgh architect Henry who was integrally involved in the process at the fi rm top of the hill, the Gates Center Hornbostel has found kindred spirits in Atlanta-based and with the client, was easy. “We bonded instantly— (above, right) and Hillman Center Mack Scogin and Merrill Elam. Their design for the Mack is an academic,” Bryant says. “Mack taught people (above, left) are connected by new Gates Center for Computer Science and Hillman to see and understand,” adds Ralph R. Horgan, associate a multistory glass-enclosed bridge. The two centers share a Center for Future-Generation Technologies, on the vice provost for campus design and facility development. vocabulary of black, diamond- campus of Carnegie Mellon University, is a 21st-century The architects were presented with a site and shaped zinc tiles with varied reinterpretation of the architectural principles that program of considerable complexity. Hornbostel’s master silver-toned window surrounds Hornbostel relied on when he drafted the campus master plan—only partially realized—uses two intersecting combined with a more traditional curtainwall. plan and designed its earliest structures starting in 1904. green spaces (called the Mall and the Cut) to defi ne the Before selecting Mack Scogin Merrill Elam Architects campus. The Gates and Hillman Centers (two volumes in for the project, the Carnegie Mellon building committee one building connected by a multistory glass-enclosed WWW.ARCHITECTMAGAZINE.COM toured recently completed computer science buildings bridge) are located in a valley behind the buildings that across the continent. “All the successful ones have front the greens; its grade level is almost 80 feet lower. had one faculty member take on the project,” School Placing the 208,000-square-foot structure, designed of Computer Science dean Randal E. Bryant says, so to be LEED-Gold compliant, on the hilly site was even professor Guy E. Blelloch was selected to serve as liaison more diffi cult due to its subgrade conditions. Sewers, to the architects. “I just wanted a Japanese car,” Bryant data cabling, and rock confi ned the buildable area to a recalls—“something nice, economical, that functioned comparatively small footprint. well, and had cupholders in the right places.” “It was Mack and Merrill’s inspiration to lift the IMAGE ON PAGE 171:© NIC LEHOUX The selection of Scogin, who led the design, and Elam, building up from the valley,” Bryant says, creating a The sixth and seventh fl oors of the Gates Center (above right) are glass-enclosed and off set from the other fl oor plates. This glass volume is fi lled mainly with open project space and a collaborative commons, as well as conference rooms and select faculty offi ces. The glazing continues on the façades lining the courtyard spaces between the two buildings, creating a visual connection between them.

10-level concrete frame structure with a fl oor plate that Window Surround Axonometric is larger on its upper fl oors. The lowest two levels are Light gauge metal below grade and provide parking. The next fi ve levels are framing and interior gypsum board public and link the upper campus to the lower campus. In the Gates Center, a central atrium houses a 650-foot-long Exterior cement board Framing for Airbarrier spiral walkway called Helix 1; undergraduate classrooms, air cavity a café, the dean’s suite, offi ces, and an auditorium are grouped either around—or in—the ramp. This inclined plane’s gentle 1 in 20 slope off ers a leisurely connection between entrances on multiple levels of the building. The Folded natural zinc panel top two fl oors are mainly devoted to faculty offi ces. Beyond the public areas, the core programmed spaces are the faculty offi ces—nearly 120 individual rooms that the client insisted all have natural light and a view to the outside. “We didn’t think they could do it,” Blelloch says. Exterior cement “It’s like giving students a problem that you know can’t board sheathing be solved.” Coupling the site’s inability to accommodate Window much grade-level building and the client’s desire for 3" rigid outward-facing exterior offi ces gave Scogin and Elam the insulation opportunity to create the building’s distinctive forms. The Black zinc shingles Zinc slip sheet The varied fl oor plans upper levels of the Gates Center are larger than the lower diff erently—their consistent size is masked by diff erent (opposite)—hardly one of the ones, placing more square footage where offi ces can take surrounds made of silver zinc, which contrasts with nine matches that directly above advantage of better views. The fact that the building the black walls. “It’s an opportunity to individualize or below it—create room for courtyards, terraces, and even mass is divided into two primary volumes—with the and de-institutionalize them,” Scogin says. “I think it’s a small green roof. This terrace Hillman Center to the north and the Gates Center to the something Hornbostel would have relished.” (above) between the Gates and south—allowed the architects to incorporate as many Blelloch lived with the project from programming Hillman Centers provides not only nips, tucks, and angles as possible to provide subtly to architect selection to building completion—and the an outdoor study space, but also diff erent orientations for the individual faculty offi ces, process of creating the Gates Center for Computer Science

WWW.ARCHITECTMAGAZINE.COM a view for the classrooms, offi ces, and lounge spaces that line it. and to allow for terraces and other outdoor space. and Hillman Center for Future-Generation Technologies The exterior of the building is always the last thing helps him link contemporary computer science to Scogin and Elam address—and where they usually get architecture. the most creative. “We’ve never had budgets for elegant, “There’s a commonality to how you design an fi ne materials,” Scogin says. They chose a zinc rainscreen algorithm,” Blelloch says. “Computer science is logical, but for the Gates and Hillman Centers’ cladding—and the there’s an aesthetic as well—it has to function, but it also durable black shingles in a diamond pattern stand has to look right and be elegant.” The Gates and Hillman out among the yellow brick buildings of Hornbostel Centers are all of these things—and a fi tting continuation and his successors. The 310 windows are all treated of Henry Hornbostel’s architectural legacy.  SCOGIN ELAM ←DESIGN 177

First-Floor Plan Second-Floor Plan Third-Floor Plan ARCHITECT JANUARY 2011

Fourth-Floor Plan Fifth-Floor Plan Sixth-Floor Plan

Seventh-Floor Plan Eighth-Floor Plan Ninth-Floor Plan WWW.ARCHITECTMAGAZINE.COM

N 0 100 200 178 ARCHITECT JANUARY 2011

Scogin and Elam placed a premium on natural light and view lines that connect the diff erent fl oors and programs. Stairwell atria promote interaction between the building users. This one in the Hillman Center (top) connects faculty offi ces, informal lounge spaces, and a student café.

Other, necessarily enclosed, spaces such as almost 120 faculty offi ces, classrooms, and laboratory high bays (right) are connected to the rest of the building and campus through

WWW.ARCHITECTMAGAZINE.COM extensive use of glazing.

TOP LEFT: © NIC LEHOUX SCOGIN ELAM ←DESIGN

In the Gates Center, a central 650-foot-long spiral ramp called the Helix 1 visually connects four stories even as it wraps around glass-enclosed classrooms and meeting spaces. 180 DESIGN→ SCOGIN ELAM

ARCHITECT Project Credits

Project Gates Center for Computer Science and Hillman Center for Future- Generation Technologies, Pittsburgh, Pa. JANUARY 2011 Client Carnegie Mellon University Design Architect and Architect of Record Mack Scogin Merrill Elam Architects, Atlanta—Mack Scogin, AIA, Merrill Elam, AIA (principals); Lloyd Bray (senior project architect); Kimberly Shoemake-Medlock (senior project architect and manager); Alan Locke, Jared Serwer, Jason Hoeft, Clark Tate, Trey Lindsey, Jeff Collins (core project team); Ben Arenberg, Britney Bagby, Cayce Bean, Brian Bell, Misty Boykin, Daniel Cashen, Jacob Coburn, Amanda Crawley, Margaret Fletcher, Francesco Giacobello, Helen Han, Carrie Hunsicker, Patrick Jones, Janna Kauss, Jeff Kemp, Matthew Leach, Gary McGaha, Ted Paxton, Bo Roberts, Dennis Sintic, Barnum Tiller, John Trefry, Anja Turowski, B. Vithayathawornwong, Matt Weaver (project team) Local Architect Edge studio Associate Architect Gensler Interior Designer Mack Scogin Merrill Elam Architects Mechanical, Plumbing, Structural, Electrical, Acoustical Engineer Arup Civil and Geotechnical Engineer Civil & Environmental Consultants Geotechnical Engineer Construction Engineering Consultants Construction Manager and General Contractor P. J. Dick Landscape Architect Michael Van Valkenburgh Associates Lighting Design Arup Fire Protection, Life Safety, Communications, IT, LEED, A/V, Security Consultant Arup Specifi cations Consultant Collective Wisdom Bridge Section Digital Assets Manager CHBH Cost Consultant Heery International Pausch Bridge Lighting Design C & C Lighting 2"-diameter Parking Consultant Tim Haahs stainless steel Hardware Consultant Ingersoll Rand Security Technologies handrail Façade Assessment Wiss, Janny, Elstner Associates 3" by 3" aluminum Surveyor Gateway Engineers clip angle Size 208,000 square feet and a 150-car parking garage Cost $81 million (construction cost) Translucent guardrail system with glass Perforated milled Materials and Sources aluminum panel with clear anodized fi nish Acoustical System Baswaphon baswaphon.com Adhesives, Coatings, and Sealants Dow Corning dowcorning.com; Hilti hilti.com; Tremco tremcosealants.com LED fi xture Building Management Systems Automated Logic Pittsburgh automatedlogic.com Concrete slab Carpet Mannington Commercial mannington.com/commercial Ceilings Armstrong armstrong.com 0 1 2 Glass Oldcastle Building Envelope oldcastlebe.com; Technical Glass Products fi reglass.com; Viracon viracon.com Gypsum Georgia-Pacifi c gp.com HVAC Semco semcohvac.com TOOLBOX Insulation Owens Corning owenscorning.com; Dow building.dow.com Lighting Control Systems Lighting Control & Design lightingcontrols.com Lighting Delray Lighting delraylighting.com; Designplan Lighting designplan.com; The Randy Pausch Memorial Footbridge Gammalux Systems gammalux.com; Gotham gothamlighting.com; Linear Lighting Corp. linearltg.com; Lithonia Lighting lithonia.com; Lighting Services Randy Pausch was an alumnus and noted computer science professor at Carnegie Mellon. lightingservicesinc.com; Mark Architectural Lighting marklighting.com; Peerless His inquisitive approach helped bridge every discipline off ered at the university, particularly Lighting peerless-lighting.com; Bega bega-us.com; Sistemalux sistemalux.com computer science and the performing arts. Diagnosed with terminal pancreatic cancer, Pausch Masonry and Stone Williams & Sons Slate & Tile williamsslate.com famously gave what is known as “The Last Lecture” at Carnegie Mellon, resulting in a book of Metal VM Zinc vmzinc.com; Rheinzink rheinzink.com the same name and an oft-downloaded Internet video. At the conclusion of the 2007 lecture, it Offi ce Furniture Herman Miller hermanmiller.com was announced that the fi fth-level bridge that connects the Gates and Hillman Centers to the Paint Sherwin-Williams sherwin-williams.com adjacent Purnell Center for the Arts and to a campus green space known as the Cut, would be Plumbing and Water System Crane Plumbing craneplumbing.com; Zurn zurn.com named the Randy Pausch Memorial Footbridge. Public Spaces Furniture Fritz Hansen fritzhansen.com; Knoll knoll.com; The bridge’s initial design was relatively utilitarian. “How would we change the bridge to Ligne Roset ligne-roset-usa.com; Moroso moroso.it; Nienkämper nienkamper.com; honor Randy?” Scogin recalls asking. The answer was to modify the handrail on the south side of WWW.ARCHITECTMAGAZINE.COM Vitra www.vitra.com; Wilkahn wilkhahn.com the bridge as a metal light box that could provide illumination for people walking on the bridge Roofi ng Siplast siplast.com while also creating a soaring fi ve-stories-in-the-sky light show. Seating Irwin Seating Co. irwinseating.com Scogin developed an aluminum cutout design that depicts penguins diving into water. The Structural System Steel superstructure imagery is based on Pausch’s annual selection of a single student as the “fi rst penguin”—that Upholstery Fabrics Alcantara alcantara.com; Willow Tex (Izit Junior) izitleather individual who had courageously dived headlong into a task that ultimately proved too great to .com; Knoll Textiles www.knolltextiles.com; Maharam maharam.com; execute or, as Scogin puts it, the “biggest failure.” Kvadrat kvadrat.dk To work out the lighting technology, dean Randal Bryant put the architects in touch with Walls Georgia- Pacifi c gp.com; Carlisle Coatings & Waterproofi ng carlisle-ccw.com; Color Kinetics (now a division of Phillips). One of the company’s founders is a Carnegie Mellon U.S. Architectural Products (Cem-Aluminum) architecturalproducts.com alumnus. The collaboration produced a playful element illuminated by LED lights that are, of Wallcovering Maharam maharam.com; KnollTextiles www.knolltextiles.com course, computer controlled. “We always like lighting to add sparkle and energy to the building,” Windows, Curtainwalls, and Doors Oldcastle Building Envelope oldcastlebe.com Scogin says.