Luth Et Luthistes En France Au Tournant Du Xviie Siècle (1571-1623)

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Luth Et Luthistes En France Au Tournant Du Xviie Siècle (1571-1623) Luth et luthistes en France au tournant du XVIIe siècle (1571-1623) Mémoire Alexis Risler Maîtrise en musique Maître en musique (M. Mus.) Québec, Canada © Alexis Risler, 2014 Résumé Après une intense activité d’impression de livres pour luth en France au milieu du XVIe siècle, seulement quatre recueils sont publiés à Paris entre 1571 et 1623. Ces rares sources témoignent de transformations majeures dans le langage des luthistes, mais paraissent isolées les unes des autres et se rattachent difficilement au répertoire de la brillante école française de luth qui éclot à partir des décennies 1620 et 1630. Afin d’estomper l’impression de rupture durant la période 1571-1623 et de tracer une trajectoire continue dans le développement du répertoire pour luth en France, cette étude propose de situer l’activité des luthistes dans un contexte artistique et sociohistorique plus large. Pour y parvenir, il faut observer les relations qu’entretient l’instrument avec le domaine de l’impression musicale, avec la danse en tant qu’art chorégraphique, puis considérer le contexte social dans lequel les luthistes ont évolué. iii Abstract While many lute books have been published in France in the mid-sixteenth century, only four were printed in Paris from 1571 to 1623. These few sources reflect major changes in the language of the lutenists, but are isolated from one another and disconnected from the brilliant French lute school that blooms from the 1620s and 1630s. In order to reduce this perceived rupture during the 1571- 1623 period and draw a continuous path in the development of French lute repertoire, this study proposes to locate the lutenists’ activities in a broader artistic and socio-historical context. The dissertation is divided into three parts: the place of the instrument in musical printing; its connection with dance as a choreographic art form; and the social context in which the lutenists evolved. v Table des matières Résumé ................................................................................................................................................ iii Abstract ................................................................................................................................................ v Table des matières ............................................................................................................................. vii Liste des tableaux ................................................................................................................................ xi Remerciements ................................................................................................................................. xiii Avertissement .................................................................................................................................... xv Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 1 Présentation du sujet ...................................................................................................................... 1 État de la question .......................................................................................................................... 7 Problématique et objectifs ............................................................................................................ 11 Méthodologie ................................................................................................................................ 12 Plan de travail................................................................................................................................ 14 Chapitre 1 : Adrian Le Roy et l’impression musicale ......................................................................... 17 Le Livre d’airs de cour miz sur le luth (1571) ................................................................................. 18 La place du recueil dans la production de Le Roy ..................................................................... 18 De voix de ville à air de cour ..................................................................................................... 22 Le caractère hybride du recueil de 1571 ................................................................................... 23 Portrait de l’édition musicale entre 1571-1623 ............................................................................ 24 Difficultés à la suite de la mort de Robert I Ballard .................................................................. 25 Difficultés liées au contexte politique ....................................................................................... 26 La musique instrumentale dans l’édition musicale ................................................................... 28 Émergence et affirmation de l’air ................................................................................................. 32 Lassus, Ronsard et la fin de la chanson ..................................................................................... 33 Claude Le Jeune et l’affirmation de l’air ................................................................................... 35 Impact du transfert de la chanson vers l’air accompagné au luth ............................................ 38 Sommaire ...................................................................................................................................... 41 Chapitre 2 : Antoine Francisque et la musique de danse ................................................................. 43 Le développement de la danse en France au XVIe siècle .............................................................. 44 De François Ier à Charles IX ........................................................................................................ 45 La danse au luth au XVIe siècle .................................................................................................. 47 L’apogée des divertissements dansés à la fin du siècle ............................................................ 50 vii Le Trésor d’Orphée ........................................................................................................................ 53 Les innovations du Trésor d’Orphée ......................................................................................... 54 Le Trésor d’Orphée, entre héritage du passé et modes nouvelles ........................................... 55 Les branles ................................................................................................................................. 57 La volte et la courante ............................................................................................................... 59 Vers la suite instrumentale ....................................................................................................... 61 Les ballets de cour et le luth ......................................................................................................... 64 Développement du ballet de cour ............................................................................................. 64 La musique des ballets .............................................................................................................. 70 Le luth et le ballet ...................................................................................................................... 72 Une influence italienne? ........................................................................................................... 76 Sommaire ...................................................................................................................................... 80 Chapitre 3 : Robert Ballard et le statut social des luthistes .............................................................. 81 Les luthistes indépendants et les aspirations à la cour ................................................................. 82 Un milieu proche des facteurs d’instruments ........................................................................... 83 Les conditions précaires des luthistes indépendants ................................................................ 84 À la recherche des faveurs d’un prince : l’exemple de Francisque ........................................... 86 La situation privilégiée des luthistes à la cour .............................................................................. 88 La carrière de Robert II Ballard .................................................................................................. 89 Ouverture et fermeture de l’univers des offices ....................................................................... 92 Valet de chambre, un poste destiné aux luthistes .................................................................... 96 La pratique du luth chez les amateurs .......................................................................................... 98 Le luth chez la haute noblesse .................................................................................................. 99 Le luth consacré par les académies militaires ......................................................................... 100 Le luth chez la noblesse de robe et la bourgeoisie ................................................................. 102 Sommaire .................................................................................................................................... 104 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................
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