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												  2017 #2, Issue 75‘s augustusCLUB 2017 | No. 2, Issue 75 The Art of Persuasion: Convincing Corporations That Consumers Care Most people are familiar with PETA’s colorful One of our most successful tactics has been buying demonstrations and grassroots campaign techniques stock—or working with PETA members who own stock for pressuring corporations to end animal abuse. in the companies that we’re trying to infl uence—so that But there’s another facet of PETA’s strategy that the we can submit shareholder resolutions and attend their public seldom sees: our shareholder annual meetings. This tactic activism and boardroom negotiations has helped us get a foot in with corporate decisionmakers. the door, because companies We’ve had success with some of the hate it when we speak at their biggest names in the business world, yearly “pep rallies.” Even the from Ann Taylor and Anthropologie mere threat of attending such to Zappos and Zara. meetings has opened doors that were previously shut tight. Working Behind the Scenes Before we ever publicly target Dairy’s Dark Secret companies, we always attempt to While our real desire is for the work cooperatively with them. For world to go vegan, we are every one we’ve openly protested, pragmatic and know that such there are dozens more working with a transition won’t happen fast us behind the scenes. enough to affect the animals who are suffering right now. Led by our Corporate Affairs Department, these So while we push hard to promote a vegan lifestyle, we collaborations are one of the most effective areas also do what we can to improve their living conditions, of PETA’s work—we see victories almost weekly as as long as it does not allow people to rationalize a result of our discussions with top executives.
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												  I What Is a Crocodilian?I WHAT IS A CROCODILIAN? Crocodilians are the only living representatives of the Archosauria group (dinosaurs, pterosaurs, and thecodontians), which first appeared in the Mesozoic era. At present, crocodiliams are the most advanced of all reptiles because they have a four-chambered heart, diaphragm, and cerebral cortex. The extent morphology reflects their aquatic habits. Crocodilians are elongated and armored with a muscular, laterally shaped tail used in swimming. The snout is elongated, with the nostrils set at the end to allow breathing while most of the body remains submerged. Crocodilians have two pairs of short legs with five toes on the front and four tows on the hind feet; the toes on all feet are partially webbed. The success of this body design is evidenced by the relatively few changes that have occurred since crocodilians first appeared in the late Triassic period, about 200 million years ago. Crocodilians are divided into three subfamilies. Alligatorinae includes two species of alligators and five caiman. Crocodylinae is divided into thirteen species of crocodiles and on species of false gharial. Gavialinae contains one species of gharial. Another way to tell the three groups of crocodilians apart is to look at their teeth. II PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS A Locomotion Crocodilians spend time on land primarily to bask in the sun, to move from one body of water to another, to escape from disturbances, or to reproduce. They use three distinct styles of movement on land. A stately high walk is used when moving unhurried on land. When frightened, crocodilians plunge down an embankment in an inelegant belly crawl.
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												  Caiman Crocodilus FuscusFacultad de Ciencias ACTA BIOLÓGICA COLOMBIANA Departamento de Biología http://www.revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/actabiol Sede Bogotá ARTÍCULO DE INVESTIGACIÓN / RESEARCH ARTICLE ZOOLOGIA DETERMINATION OF HEMATOLOGICAL VALUES OF COMMON CROCODILE (Caiman crocodilus fuscus) IN CAPTIVITY IN THE MAGDALENA MEDIO OF COLOMBIA Determinación de valores hematológicos de caimán común (Caiman crocodilus fuscus) en cautiverio en el Magdalena Medio de Colombia Juana GRIJALBA O1 , Elkin FORERO1 , Angie CONTRERAS1 , Julio VARGAS1 , Roy ANDRADE1 1Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Avenida Central del Norte 39-115, 150003 Tunja, Tunja, Boyacá, Colombia *For correspondence: [email protected] Received: 04th December 2018 , Returned for revision: 03rd March 2019, Accepted: 08th May 2019. Associate Editor: Nubia E. Matta. Citation/Citar este artículo como: Grijalba J, Forero E, Contreras A, Vargas J, Andrade R. Determination of hematological values of common crocodile (Caiman crocodilus fuscus) in captivity in the Magdalena Medio of Colombia. Acta biol. Colomb. 2020;25(1):75-81. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/ abc.v25n1.76045 ABSTRACT Caiman zoo breeding (Caiman crocodilus fuscus) has been developing with greater force in Colombia since the 90s. It is essential to evaluate the physiological ranges of the species to be able to assess those situations in which their health is threatened. The objective of the present study was to determine the typical hematological values of the Caiman (Caiman crocodilus fuscus) with the aid of the microhematocrit, the cyanmethemoglobin technique, and a hematological analyzer. The blood samples were taken from 120 young animals of both sexes in good health apparently (males 44 and females 76).
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												  Small-Scale Sustainable Vegetable-Tanned Leather in Rural South Africa: a Collective-Efficiency ApproachSMALL-SCALE SUSTAINABLE VEGETABLE-TANNED LEATHER IN RURAL SOUTH AFRICA: A COLLECTIVE-EFFICIENCY APPROACH By KENEILWE MUNYAI Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree: Doctor of Technology: DESIGN In the Faculty of Informatics and Design At the Cape Peninsula University of Technology Supervisor: Prof. Mugendi K. M’Rithaa Co-supervisor: Prof. Sepota M. Moloko Co-supervisor: Dr Pineteh E. Angu Cape Town (November 2014) DECLARATION I, Keneilwe Munyai, declare that the contents of this thesis represent my own unaided work, and that the thesis has not previously been submitted for academic examination towards any qualification. Furthermore, it represents my own opinions and not necessarily those of the Cape Peninsula University of Technology. Signed Date DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to all those who supported and believed in me and my abilities: My late grandmother for believing in me and giving tough love, and late Prof Pieter van Brackel for his wisdom, for being my inspiration, for the support and for being a good friend. II ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS There are many people that I would like to acknowledge for the role they played in supporting me in working towards reaching this goal in my life. First, I would like to acknowledge my supervisors for their guidance throughout this research journey. Your guidance and support has helped me complete this research. Prof. Mugendi K. M’Rithaa, you have been a source of support, a mentor and a motivator. Without your guidance this study would have never been possible. Prof Sepota, M. Moloko, thank you for dedicating your time reading through my work and giving guidance.
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												  Optitex Installation FilesOptitex Installation Files Table of Contents Fabric Files................................................................................................................................................. 3 Shaders ...................................................................................................................................................... 6 Props ....................................................................................................................................................... 25 Adding Samples into the PDS .............................................................................................................. 25 Button Shapes ..................................................................................................................................... 27 Bag Handles ......................................................................................................................................... 30 Buttons ................................................................................................................................................ 33 Segment Shapes ...................................................................................................................................... 39 Binding ................................................................................................................................................ 40 Decorations ........................................................................................................................................
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												  Downloading Or Purchasing Online Through Our WebsiteImproved Preservation and Early Stage Processing of Australian Crocodile Skins A report for the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation by Stephen Hawkins and Chi Huynh CSIRO Textile and Fibre Technology December 2004 RIRDC Publication No 04/164 RIRDC Project No CWT-3A © 2004 Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. All rights reserved. ISBN 1 74151 073 2 ISSN 1440-6845 ‘Improved Preservation and Early Stage Processing of Australian Crocodile Skins’ Publication No. 04/164 Project No. CWT-3A The views expressed and the conclusions reached in this publication are those of the author and not necessarily those of persons consulted. RIRDC shall not be responsible in any way whatsoever to any person who relies in whole or in part on the contents of this report. This publication is copyright. However, RIRDC encourages wide dissemination of its research, providing the Corporation is clearly acknowledged. For any other enquiries concerning reproduction, contact the Publications Manager on phone 02 6272 3186. Researcher Contact Details Dr. Stephen C Hawkins CSIRO Textile and Fibre Technology, PMB 10, Clayton MDC, Victoria 3168 Phone: 03 9545 2364 Fax: 03 9545 2363 Email: [email protected] In submitting this report, the researcher has agreed to RIRDC publishing this material in its edited form. RIRDC Contact Details Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation Level 1, AMA House 42 Macquarie Street BARTON ACT 2600 PO Box 4776 KINGSTON ACT 2604 Phone: 02 6272 4819 Fax: 02 6272 5877 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.rirdc.gov.au Published in December 2004 Printed on environmentally friendly paper by Canprint Foreword The skin of the Australian saltwater crocodile, (Crocodylus porosus) reputedly produces the best quality crocodile leather in the world.
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												  Alligator & Crocodile Skin Preparation for Tanning Getting StartedAlligator & Crocodile Skin Preparation for Tanning This page is not a basic guide on how to skin an alligator, but we can offer a summary of skinning steps, tips on how to best care for alligator skins, and explain why careful skinning and scraping is important. The proper care of alligator skins begins as soon as the animal is harvested. Here are some helpful tips: Skinning should take place as soon after the harvest as practical. Avoid direct sun or heat on the carcass or skin whenever possible. Keep skin away from blood, entrails, or other contact with dirty surfaces where more bacteria could get into the skin. Always skin carefully avoiding the creation of holes or cuts in the belly pattern. Scrape excess meat and fat from the underside of the skin with blunt knives, paint scrapers, beveled pipes or other dull tools. Removing meat and fat from the skin is very important because of the time necessary to store and ship alligator skins for tanning. This often takes several months and excess meat helps bacteria multiply leading to "red heat" or "slipping" skins. If excess fat is not removed it can prevent salt from properly penetrating the skin. Also, if the fat heats up, it can penetrate the skin and leave grease spots on the finished leather. The purpose of curing alligator skins is to remove moisture from the skin so it can be better preserved before tanning. o A fine grain mixing salt works best and should be applied generously (1/2 to 1 inch thick) and rubbed into all parts of the skin.
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												  La Brea and Beyond: the Paleontology of Asphalt-Preserved BiotasLa Brea and Beyond: The Paleontology of Asphalt-Preserved Biotas Edited by John M. Harris Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Science Series 42 September 15, 2015 Cover Illustration: Pit 91 in 1915 An asphaltic bone mass in Pit 91 was discovered and exposed by the Los Angeles County Museum of History, Science and Art in the summer of 1915. The Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History resumed excavation at this site in 1969. Retrieval of the “microfossils” from the asphaltic matrix has yielded a wealth of insect, mollusk, and plant remains, more than doubling the number of species recovered by earlier excavations. Today, the current excavation site is 900 square feet in extent, yielding fossils that range in age from about 15,000 to about 42,000 radiocarbon years. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Archives, RLB 347. LA BREA AND BEYOND: THE PALEONTOLOGY OF ASPHALT-PRESERVED BIOTAS Edited By John M. Harris NO. 42 SCIENCE SERIES NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS COMMITTEE Luis M. Chiappe, Vice President for Research and Collections John M. Harris, Committee Chairman Joel W. Martin Gregory Pauly Christine Thacker Xiaoming Wang K. Victoria Brown, Managing Editor Go Online to www.nhm.org/scholarlypublications for open access to volumes of Science Series and Contributions in Science. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Los Angeles, California 90007 ISSN 1-891276-27-1 Published on September 15, 2015 Printed at Allen Press, Inc., Lawrence, Kansas PREFACE Rancho La Brea was a Mexican land grant Basin during the Late Pleistocene—sagebrush located to the west of El Pueblo de Nuestra scrub dotted with groves of oak and juniper with Sen˜ora la Reina de los A´ ngeles del Rı´ode riparian woodland along the major stream courses Porciu´ncula, now better known as downtown and with chaparral vegetation on the surrounding Los Angeles.
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												  CAIMAN CARE Thomas HCAIMAN CARE Thomas H. Boyer, DVM, DABVP, Reptile and Amphibian Practice 9888-F Carmel Mountain Road, San Diego, CA, 92129 858-484-3490 www.pethospitalpq.com – www.facebook.com/pethospitalpq The spectacled caiman (Caiman crocodilus) is a popular animal among reptile enthusiasts. It is easy to understand their appeal, hatchlings are widely available outside California and make truly fascinating pets. Unfortuneately, if fed and housed properly they can grow a foot per year for the first few years and can rapidly outgrow their accommodations. Crocodilians are illegal in California without special permits. Most crocodilians are severely endangered (some are close to extinction) but spectacled caimans are one of the few species that aren't, therefore zoos are not interested in keeping them. Within a few years the endearing pet becomes a problem that nobody, including the owner, wants. They are difficult to give away. Some elect euthanasia at this point but most caimans die from inadequate care before they get big enough to become a problem. Other crocodilians are so severely endangered that it is illegal to own or trade in them, live or dead, without federal permits. Obviously I discourage individuals from purchasing an animal that within a few years will be an unsuitable pet. Although I can't endorse caimans as pets, I still feel if one has a caiman it should be cared for properly. One must realize that almost all crocodilians (the American Alligator is an exception) are tropical reptiles, thus they need a warm environment. Water temperature should be 75 to 80 F at all times.
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												  Export Markets for Skins and Leather for Australia’S Camel, Crocodile, Emu and Goat IndustriesExport Markets for Skins and Leather for Australia’s camel, crocodile, emu and goat industries A report for the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation by Brendan Goulding, Elysa Riedel, Andrea Bevan, Bronwyn Warfield June 2007 RIRDC Publication No 07/089 RIRDC Project No DAQ-312A © 2007 Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. All rights reserved. ISBN 1 74151 486 X ISSN 1440-6845 Commercial Development of Export Markets for Emerging Skin Industries Publication No. 07/089 Project No. DAQ-312A The information contained in this publication is intended for general use to assist public knowledge and discussion and to help improve the development of sustainable regions. You must not rely on any information contained in this publication without taking specialist advice relevant to your particular circumstances. While reasonable care has been taken in preparing this publication to ensure that information is true and correct, the Commonwealth of Australia gives no assurance as to the accuracy of any information in this publication. The Commonwealth of Australia, the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation (RIRDC), the authors or contributors expressly disclaim, to the maximum extent permitted by law, all responsibility and liability to any person, arising directly or indirectly from any act or omission, or for any consequences of any such act or omission, made in reliance on the contents of this publication, whether or not caused by any negligence on the part of the Commonwealth of Australia, RIRDC, the authors or contributors.. The Commonwealth of Australia does not necessarily endorse the views in this publication. This publication is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, all other rights are reserved.
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												  Crocodile Tears? Research Findings Can Help to Increase Population Size of Endangered Species 2 February 2021Crocodile tears? Research findings can help to increase population size of endangered species 2 February 2021 spectacled caiman hatchlings in unknown environments and presented them with unknown objects. The team found that the alligators moved around much more than the caimans in all conditions and approached the unknown objects closer than the caimans, behavior which may reflect the strength of maternal protection they receive. Anna Wilkinson is Professor of Animal Cognition at the University of Lincoln, and final author of the study. She said: "The findings of this study are exciting as they have important conservation implications. Credit: CC0 Public Domain "Several crocodilian species are endangered in the wild and one way to increase their population size is to release captive-bred juveniles into the wild. If The findings of a new study examining the the endangered species is a large crocodilian and behaviors of alligator and caiman hatchlings have at the top of the food chain, the juveniles should be enhanced our understanding of how we can allowed to grow to a larger size prior to release as conserve, and increase, the population of they might have a lower natural predator endangered crocodilian species. avoidance. At adult size, there are key differences between "On the flip side, spectacled caimans are an the American alligator and the closely related invasive species in the natural range of other spectacled caiman. However, at the time of crocodilians, including the American alligator, and hatching both species are tiny and might be one reason for their success could be a higher expected to show similar behaviors in order to survival rate of their hatchling because of their avoid being eaten by almost any carnivore around.
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												  Caiman Crocodilus) in Caño Palma, Northeast Costa RicaHerpetological Conservation and Biology 10(3):959–968. Submitted: 11 July 2015; Accepted: 19 October 2015; Published: 16 December 2015. ANALYSIS OF POPULATION DENSITY AND DISTRIBUTION OF SPECTACLED CAIMAN (CAIMAN CROCODILUS) IN CAÑO PALMA, NORTHEAST COSTA RICA 1 LUIS M. FERNÁNDEZ , MANUEL ARIAS, AND EMILY S. KHAZAN Caño Palma Biological Station, Canadian Organization for Tropical Education and Rainforest Conservation (COTERC), Tortuguero, Limón, Costa Rica 1Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] Abstract.—In nearly all ecosystems, top predators play a key role, influencing communities by driving top down effects. The Spectacled Caiman (Caiman crocodilus), one of two species of crocodilians in Costa Rica, plays this role in many Neotropical rivers. As a long-lived top predator, it can be used as environmental sentinel to help assess ecosystem conditions of inhabited areas. Here, we assess the population size of C. crocodilus in a canal in Northeast Costa Rica and the distribution and clustering of age classes throughout the canal. We conducted weekly surveys between May 2012 and April 2015. We estimated the relative age of the caimans as either juvenile, sub-adult, adult, or eyes only, and we recorded GPS coordinates for each individual. We estimated the total population size using the visible fraction (VF) method. The overall VF was 45.09% and the population was estimated at 32.39 caimans (6.48 caimans/km). The abundance of juveniles decreased over the study period while sub-adults and adults increased over time. Local Moran’s I and Hot-Spot analyses demonstrated that caimans are clustered within the canal with juveniles showing the highest levels of clustering in discrete areas, followed by adults.