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Compte-Rendu Du 19Ème Congrès De La Caribbean Food Crops Society

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Compte-Rendu Du 19Ème Congrès De La Caribbean Food Crops Society INSTITUT FRANCAIS DE RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE POUR LE DEVELOPP9ENT EN COOPERATION CENTRE ORSTOM DE CAYENNE CCi'1P1E RENDU DU XIXÈME CONGRES DE LA CARIBPEAN FOOD CRePS SOCIE1Y TENU A PORTO RICO DU Il AU 17 SEPTEMBRE 1983 PAR J.F. SILVAIN CHARGÉ DE RECHERCHES LABORATOIRE D'ENTOMCl.OGIE APPLIQll~E JUILLET 1984 SOMMAIRE 1) INTRODUCTION p. 2) FROGRAl1jIJE DU CONGRES p. 2 j) LISTE DES CO>l:,:Ul;I CATIONS PRESE::TEES p. 4 Il) THEEES EVOQ!- ES L011S DU SEIHNAlr~E SUR LA DI FFUSION DES p. 17 NOUVELLES TECW:OLOGIES f\GRICOL:::S. EECOH~,ANDATIOl\S PROPOSEES AU TERME DE CE SEMI~AIRE. :;) UN AP[RCU D;~ L1\ l~.EC::ERCHE ENTŒ':OLOGHiUE ft. PORTO RI CO p. '::'2 G) BILAN ET CONCLUSION p. 24 ANNEXE 1: Création d'une Association Guyanaise pour le Développe~ent des plantes alimentaires. ANNEXE ? Communication présentée par le laboratoire. 1) INTRODUCTION Du 11 au 17 septembre 1983 s'est tenu dans l'île de Porto Rico le XIX ièmecongrès de la Caribbean Food Crops Society, sous la présidence du Dr. Alejandro AYALA,doyen et directeur du Collège des Sciences Agricoles du Centre Universitaire de Mayaguez (Université de Porto Rico). La C.F.C.S., en français Société Caraïbe des Plantes Alimentaires, est une société professionnelle internationale et pluridisciplinaire qui vise à intensifier les échanges entre les différentes personnes susceptibles d'apporter une contribution au développement de la science, de la technologie et de la production des plantes alimentaires dans la Caraïbe. Elle regroupe plus de 350 membres individuels appartenant à 21 nations,îles ou entités territoriales. L'activité principale de cette société consiste en un congrès annuel qui se tient depuis 1963 chaque année dans une île ou un territoire différent de la Caralbe. Pendant ces congrès, les universitaires,agronomes, agriculteurs et industriels de la zone caraïbe peuvent présenter les résultats de leurs travaux de recherche ou de développement, nouer de nombreux contacts et découvrir la situation et les problèmes de l'agriculture du pays invitant. Les communications peuvent être présentées dans l'une des trois langues officielles de la Société, l'anglais, le français ou l'espagnol. Les chercheurs du Centre OHSTOM de Cayenne participent aux congrès de la C.F.C.S. depuis 1967. Ayant pris le relais des pédologues, les entomologistes s'y rendent depuis lS78. Le XIX ième Congrès a réuni 68 participants provenant de 14 pays (Aruba:1, Barbade:4, Colombie:1, Costa Rica:2, Guadeloupe :l,Guyane française: 1, Halti:1, Iles Vierges américaines:8, Jamalque:2, Porto Rico:37, st Lucie:1, Surinam:1, Trinidad:3, U.S.A.:4). On a pu noter,en particulier l'absence des représen­ tants du Vénézuéla et de st Domingue. Au cours des sept sessions techniques, 39 communications ont été présentées: 14 concernaient l'agronomie, 9 la phytopa­ thologie, 4 l'entomologie et les insecticides, 4 les collections vivantes et la culture des tissus, 3 la technologie alimentaire, 3 le problème du transfert des nouvelles technologies agricoles et 2 l'aquaculture. En ce qui concerne les cultures ètudièes, 4 communica­ tions se rapportèrent aux pois et haricots, 3 à la culture des bananiers, 3 à celle des ignames,3 aux Araceae commestibles, 2 à la culture de l'ananas, 2 à celle de la patate douce et 2 à celle du sorgho. Les autres communications portèrent sur les cultures associées, le mals, le riz, la canne à sucre, le café, le tournesol, le poivron, la tomate, l'''apio''(Arracacia xantho­ rrhea )et les Tilapia. Un séminaire sur le transfert des technologies agricoles s'est tenu l'avant dernier jour du congrès. Cinq communications furent présentées, suivies de discussions. Un certain nombre de recommandations furent édictées à la suite de ce séminaire. 2) PROGRAMME DU CONGR~S A- Qniv~r~i!é_d~ Eo~tQ Bi~o~ ~a~p~s_d~ ~aLaEu~z - Dimanche 11 septembre Soir : kéception et inscription des participants - Lundi 12 septembre Matin Ouverture officielle du XIXième Congrès de la C.F.C.S. - Introduction du Dr Ayala,Président de la Société. - Allocution de bienvenue du Prof. Alemany , Hecteur du campus de Mayaguez CU.P.R.). - Allocution de Mr. Carlos Lopez, Secrétaire par intérim à l'Agriculture du Commonwealth de Porto Rico. Première session technique. Aprés-midi Deuxième et troisième sessions techniques Soir Réception à la résidence du Chancellier de l'Universitè. 2 - Mardi 13 septembre Matin Quatrième et cinquième sessions techniques. Après-midi Sixième et septième sessions techniques. - Mercredi 14 septembre Visites sur le terrain + Circuit de la côte nord: Projets rizicoles et agro­ alimentaires de la région d'Arecibo. - Visite du centre de recherches et de développement, station expéridlentale de l'UPR â Isabela. - Visite d'une exploitation rizicole et d'une unité de décorticage et de conditionnement du riz. - Visite d'une usine d'aliments pour le bétail. - Visite de champs d'ananas. + Circuit de la côte sud: Projets agro-inaustriels de la région de Ponce. - Visite des Jardines Eneida, à Cabo Roja. - Visite du centre de recherches et de développement, station expérimentale de l'UPR de Fortuna à Juana Diaz. - Visite d'exploitations horticoles à Santa Isabel et d'une unité de transformation et de conditionne­ ment. - Visite de l'unité de transformation de Pollos Picu à Coamo. - Jeudi 15 septembre Matin Séminaire sur le transfert des technologies agricoles. Après-midi Poursuite du séminaire ou visite des labora­ toires de la station expérimentale agricole de l'UPR à Rio Piedras ( en particulier: le labo­ ratoire de culture de tissus végétaux et le département de protection des cultures). - Vendredi 16 septembre Matin Synthèse des travaux du séminaire sur le transfert des technologies agricoles. 3 Session de travail: Assemblée Générale de la C.F.C.S. Soir Banquet de cloture du Congrès. 3) LISTE DES COKMUNICATIONS PRESENTE~S Nous donnons ci-dessous la liste des communications présentées au cours du congrès. Elles ont été classées par grands thèmes et les titres ont été traduits en français. Un court résumé est donné pour la plupart des com;nunications. + BRAKN (H.I.),MORRIS (G.). D.S.D.A. , Houston, Texas. "Progrès technologiques et production agricole en Jamalque" L'augmentation de la productivité sur une longue période est utilisée comme critère d'évaluation des progrès tech­ nologiques intervenant dans la production agricole en JamaIque. Les auteurs étudient les causes de la diminution de la productivité observée dans le domaine agricole au cours des dernières années. + FORSYTHE (W.). Inter-American Institute for Cooperation in Agriculture (IICA), Port of Spain, Trinidad. "Caractéristiques des systèmes de transfert de technologies agricoles ayant donné des r8sultats positifs dans les pays de la CARICOM". Pour l'auteur,un processus de diffusions des nouvelles technologies agricoles ne peut réussir que si cinq conditi­ ons sont remplies: - Liaison étroite entre la recherche et l'application aux niveaux administratifs et opérationnels. - Prises en compte des besoins de l'agriculteur. - Les services chargés de la diffusions des nouvelles techniques doivent être orientés principalement vers l'enseignement. 4 - Il doit y avoir des démonstration dans la zone visée par le programme. - Le service chargé de la diffusion des nouvelles tech­ niques doit être responsable vis à vis des producteurs. + }'ADO VAN ICI. ), Vl GO (L• /, .) Library , U.P.R. ,Mayaguez Campus. "Informatisation de l'information dans le domaine agricole". + RAO (r!;.::.) , ED!UNDS (J.E.) Windward Islands Banana Growers Association, Research and Development Division, Castries, St.Lucia, W.I. "Etude de systèmes culturaux associant bananiers et cultures alimentaires dans les petites Antilles." Comparaison,sur le plan ces rendements et de l'intérêt économique, de différents systèmes de culture associant bananiers, madère (Colocasia esculenta) et pois chez des agriculteurs de l'île de St.Lucie pratiquant habituellement une association bananiers-madère. + MONRCIG (M.), PE~EZ (A.) College of Agricultural Sciences, U.P.R., Mayaguez Campus " Utilisation du son de riz et des résidus de la récolte du café pour améliorer la croissance des plants de café en pépinière. " L'utilisation de ces deux éléments permet d'améliorer significativement les qualités du sol et d'augmenter le temps nécessaire au flétrissement des feuilles. + IRIZARRY (H.), CHANDLER (J.V.), RIVERA (E.) Agricultural Research Service, USDA , Rio Piedras , P.R. "Prélèvements nutritifs causés par cinq plantes vivrières tropicales cultivées de façon intensive." 5 Les auteurs ont déterminé les quantités de N, P, K, Ca et Mg prélevées par les plantes suivantes: Choux caralbe (Xanthosoma sp.), manioc, pois d'angole (Cajanus cajan), banane plantain (Musa acuminata et Musa balbisiana)et igname. Les matières sèches produites par Kg de NPK consommés par ces plantes sont indiquées. + GONZALEZ (A.), BEALE (A.J.) College of Agricultural Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, ~ayaguez Campus. "Réponse du poivron (Capsicum annuum L.)à différents niveaux de fumures (N et P) sur oxisol." Des quantités variables de N et P et une quantité constan­ te de K sont apportées à des cultures de poivrons. Cette plante répond significativement à l'application de 300 kg/ha de N, cependant la production obtenue avec ce traitement ne diffère pas beaucoup de celles obtenues avec les applications de 75, 150 ,~25 et 373 kg/ha de N. Il n'y a pas d'augmentati- on significative de la production en liaison avec l'apport de P. Il n'y a pas un ajustement satisfaisant entre l'équation fumure/rendement et les résultats obtenus avec différentes applications de N et P dans le cas du poivron. + RAMCHAI~AN (C.) Virgin Islands Agricultural Experiment Station, College of the Virgin Islands, st Croix, U.S.V.I. "Etude des méthodes de conditionnement et de fortification des jeunes plants de bananiers introduit à St.Croix." + CLARKE (B.f,.) Central Agronomie Research Station, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Consumers Affairs, Barbados.
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