INDEX

Page numbers with t and f indicate table and figure respectively A American Burn Association ABC of emergency care, 215 guidelines, 270 Abdominal aortic aneurysm, 12 Amitriptyline (Elavil), 130 Acetaminophen, 92Ð93 Amoxicillin-clavulanate, 257 with codeine, 273 ANA, see Antinuclear antibody Achilles tendonitis, 68 Ancillary tests, 8 ACL, see Anterior cruciate Anesthetic methods Acromioclavicular separation field blocks, 237 diagnosis of, 220 infiltration blocks, 237 management of, 220 nerve blocks, 238 Activities of daily living (ADL), 181 Anesthetization, of wounds Acute disc herniation, clinical injectable agents, 236Ð237 diagnosis of, 6 methods in, 237Ð238 Acute phase of CRPS, 133 topical agents, 235Ð236 Adam’s testing, 175 Angle of gait, 148, 150 Adaptive mobility aids, 92 Angular abnormalities, of Addison’s disease, 182 Adhesives, 254Ð255 Blount’s disease, 154 β-Adrenergic aerosols, 263 bowlegs, 154 Adrenocorticotropic hormone knock , 155 (ACTH), 201 injuries Advanced cardiopulmonary life diagnosis of, 210 support (ACLS), 262Ð263 management of, 210Ð211 Alcohol, 182, 186 orthopedic referral, 211 Alendronate (Fosamax), 190Ð191 Ankle Allopurinol, 201Ð202 Achilles tendon ruptures, 76Ð77 side effects of, 202 , 76 Ambien (Zolpidem), 130 talar dome fractures, 77Ð78 American Association of Clinical tibial plafond fractures, 77 Endocrinologists Clinical Ankylosing spondylitis, 11Ð12, Practice Guidelines, see Bone 121 mineral density (BMD) treatment of, 122 screening Anterior axillary nerve, 38 282 Index

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) management of, 275Ð277 injury pathophysiology, 274Ð275 diagnosis of, 213Ð214 prevention of, 277 management of, 214 Aspirin, 139, 201Ð202 Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), Assessments, of osteoporosis 68, 70 bone densitometry assessment, Anterior drawer test, 213 183Ð185 Antibiotics, 256Ð257, 266 bone remodeling assessment, Antidepressant(s), 188 185Ð186 low-dose tricyclic, 134 laboratory assessment, 183 therapy, 20 risk factor assessment, 182Ð183 AntiÐdouble-stranded DNA Asymmetric polyarticular antigens, 113 arthritides, 97Ð98 Antihistamines, 266 Athletic activity, effects of excess, Antimalarials see Apophyseal injuries; Spine, for psoriatic arthritis treatment, problems of 122 Athletic injuries for SLE treatment, 118 at risk population, 205, 207 Antinuclear antibody (ANA), 102 common injuries and injury rates, Anti-Ro (Robert antigen) 206 antibodies, 113 mechanisms of, 205Ð207 Anti-Sm (Smith antigen) antigens, overuse injuries, see Specific 113 overuse injuries, in athletes Apert syndrome, 160 prevention of, 229 Aphasia, 267 traumatic injuries, see Traumatic Apophyseal injuries injuries, in athletes OsgoodÐSchlatter disease, 170 Atlantoaxial (C1-2) subluxation, Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD), 101 170Ð172 Atrophic phase of CRPS, 133 Sever’s disease, 170 Avascular necrosis, 163 SindingÐLarsenÐJohansson syndrome, 168 B Apophysitis, of , 168 Baciguent, see Bacitracin ointment Aristocort (triamcinolone diacetate), Bacitracin ointment, 273 107 Back disorders Arthralgias, 114 background, 1Ð4 Arthritis Self-Help Course, 105 chronic low back pain, 20 Arthritis, 114 clinical presentation, 4Ð6 psoriatic, 122 diagnosis, 6Ð8 rheumatoid, see Rheumatoid , 9Ð13 arthritis herniated intervertebral disc, Arthroplasty patients, 94 16Ð19 Aspirated or swallowed foreign management, 13Ð16 body prevention, 20Ð21 clinical manifestations in, 275 Balloons, 274 Index 283

Barlow maneuver, 166 parathyroid hormone (PTH), 191 Barotitis, 267 Bone mineral density (BMD), 61, Battery ingestion, see Aspirated or 183Ð184 swallowed foreign body assessment indications, 185 “Bean-shaped ”, 151 screening, 186 Behavior modification in FM Bone remodeling assessment, for treatment, 130 osteoporosis, 185Ð186 Benadryl, see Diphenhydramine Bony hypertrophy, 90 Benemid, see Probenecid Boston-type spinal orthosis, 174 Benign tumors, of bone Bowlegs, see Angular chondromas, 139 abnormalities, of knee giant cell tumor, 139Ð141 “Boxer’s fracture,” 48 osteochondroma, 138Ð139 Brachial plexus injury osteoid osteomas, 139 diagnosis of, 221 osteomas, 139 management of, 221 Benzodiazepines, 188, 239 “Bridge therapy,” 107–108 Betadine, see Povidone-iodine Bronchoscopy, 271, 275 Biceps tendon, 40 Bupivacaine, 237 Bicipital tendonitis, 40Ð41 Burns Biobrane, 273 causes, 268 Biofeedback theory, 132 classification, 269Ð270 Biomechanical factors of OA, hospitalization, 270 89Ð80 management of, 270Ð273 Bisphosphonates pathophysiology, 268 Alendronate (Fosamax), 190Ð191 prevention of, 273Ð274 Risedronate (Actonel), 191 Bursitis, 67Ð68 Blount’s disease, see Angular abnormalities, of knee C BMD, see Bone mineral density C- telopeptide, 185 Bone Caffeine, 120 benign tumors of, 138Ð141 Calcific tendonitis, 40, 222Ð223 densitometry assessment, for Calcitonin, 191 osteoporosis, 183Ð185 for Paget’s disease treatment, malignant tumors of, 141Ð142 143, 145 mineral density, see Bone mineral Calcium, 183, 186, 189 density (BMD) optimal intake of, 187 miscellaneous conditions of, see pyrophosphate deposition disease Bone conditions, miscellaneous (CPDD), see Pseudogout stimulators for formation of, see pyrophosphate dihydrate, 203 Bone formation stimulators Canard’s test, 223 Bone conditions, miscellaneous Capsaicin cream, 134 nonossifying fibroma, 142Ð143 Carbocaine, see Mepivacaine Paget’s disease of bone, 143Ð145 Carpal bones, 47 Bone formation stimulators Cartilages in OA, degeneration of, fluoride, 191Ð192 90 284 Index

Cauda equina syndrome, 4, 12 Club foot, see Feet problems, Cavus foot, 156 pediatric Ceftriaxone, 257 Cobb method, 174Ð175 Central hip dislocations, 64 Coin ingestion, see Aspirated or Cerebral edema, 262 swallowed foreign body Cerebral hypoxia, in liquid medium, Colchicine, 200Ð202 see Near drowning Colles’ fracture, 46 Cervical collar, 27 Collision sports, 206 Cervical myelopathy Complete blood count (CBC), 183 clinical presentation, 24 Complex regional pain syndrome diagnosis, 24 (CRPS) management, 24 clinical criteria for diagnosis of, Cervical radiculopathy, 21 133 clinical presentation, 22 family issues for, treatment, 135 diagnosis, 22 invasive treatments for, 134 management, 22Ð23 noninvasive medications for, Cervical spine injury, 215 treatment, 134 Cervical spondylosis, radiologic phases in, 133 diagnosis in, 24 physical therapy for, treatment, Cervical , 25 134 clinical presentation, 26 prevention for, 134Ð135 diagnosis, 26Ð27 psychotherapy for, treatment, 134 management, 26Ð28 Compression fracture, plain prognosis, 28Ð29 radiograph demonstrating, 7f CharcotÐMarieÐTooth disease, 156 Computed axial tomography (CAT) Chem panel, 183 scan, 216 Chemonucleolysis, 18Ð19 Computed tomography (CT), 62, 91 Chemoprophylaxis, 272 for low back pain, 8 Chemo-therapeutic agents, 118 in SLE treatment, 117 Chlorhexidine gluconate, 241, 272 Concomitant anxiety, 104 Cholestyramine, 111 Concurrent therapy, 256Ð257 Chondrocalcinosis, 203 Contusions, 66 Chondroitin sulfate, 93 Cord tumor, 157 Chondromas, 139 Corticosteroids, 183 Chordoma, 142 injection, 48 Chronic impingement, 39 Cortisol, 183 Circulatory shock, 12 Cosmetic deformity, 176 Clavicle COX-1, 107 AC arthritis, 36 COX-2, see Cyclooxygenase-2 AC joint dislocations, 36 inhibitors clavicular fractures, 35Ð36 C-reactive protein, 162 Closed head injuries Crepitance, 90 diagnosis of, 216 CREST syndrome, 120 grading of, 217 CRPS, see Complex regional pain management of, 216, 218 syndrome Index 285

Cushing’s syndrome, 182 chronic low back pain, 20 Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) clinical presentation, 4Ð6 inhibitors, 92, 107 diagnosis, 6Ð8 Cyclophosphamide, for SLE differential diagnosis, 9Ð13 treatment, 118 herniated intervertebral disc, 16Ð19 Cyclosporine, 201 management, 13Ð16 Cytokines, 90 prevention, 20Ð21 Disorders of the D cervical myelopathy, 23Ð25 DC, see Dupuytren’s contracture cervical radiculopathy, 21Ð23 De Quervain’s tenosynovitis, 48 cervical whiplash, 25Ð29 Debridement process, 241 Distal interphalangeal (DIP) , Decadron-LA (dexamethasone 51Ð52, 101, 221 acetate), 107 Diuretics, 201 Decompression sickness DMARD, see Disease-modifying prevention, 267 antirheumatic drugs treatment of, 267 Dog ear, 251 Decompressive laminectomy, 9Ð10 Doxycycline, 257 Decongestants, 266 Dual-energy x-ray absortiometry Deep venous thrombosis (DVT), 75, (DEXA), 184 227 Duoderm, 273 Depo-triamcinolone, 107, 201 Dupuytren’s contracture (DC), 50, Dermabond, see Histoacryl Blue 136Ð137 Derotational osteotomy, 152 Dystrophic phase of CRPS, 133 Developmental dysplasia, of hip (DDH) E clinical signs, 166 Ear and sinus barotrauma diagnosis of, 163 barotisis media, 265 etiology of, 163 external barotitis, 264Ð265 treatment of, 163 inner ear barotrauma, 265 Dexa scanning, 61 management of, 265Ð266 Dexamethasone acetate (Decadron- sinus barotrauma, 265 LA), 107 Early menopause, 182 Dietary therapy, for RA treatment, EhlersÐDanlos syndromes, 157 104 Elavil (amitriptyline), 130 Digital nerve block, 238f DIP, see Distal interphalangeal epicondylitis, 43 joints fractures of radial head, 43 Diphenhydramine, 237 olecranon bursitis, 44Ð45 Diphosphonates, for Paget’s disease radial head subluxation, 43Ð44 treatment, 143, 145 Elbow-radial head subluxation Disease-modifying antirheumatic classification, 160 drugs (DMARDs), 108Ð110 diagnosis, 159 Disorders of the back epidemiology, 158Ð159 background, 1Ð4 treatment, 159Ð160 286 Index

Electromyography (EMG), 9, 26 differential diagnosis of, 129 Ely’s test, 66 exercise for treatment of, EMLA, 236 130Ð131 Endometrial cancer, risk of, 190 medication for treatment of, 130 Endotracheal intubation, in prognosis of, patients, 131 hospitalized patients, 263 Fibrous cortical defect, see Epidemiology of OA, 89 Nonossifying fibroma Epidural corticosteroid injection, 17 Finger Epidural hematoma, 216 fractures, 50Ð51 Erythrocyte sedimentation rate gamekeeper’s thumb, 54Ð55 (ESR), 91, 102Ð103, 160, 183, infections, 55Ð56 199 PIP joint dislocations, 51 Esophagogastroscopy, 275 tendon injuries, 51Ð54 ESR, see Erythrocyte sedimentation trigger fingers, 54 rate Finkelstein test, 48 Estrogen, 182, 190 Fish hook injuries Ethyl chloride, 236 advance and cut technique, 278 Ewing’s sarcoma, 141 needle cover technique, 278 Exercise simple retrograde pull, 277 for FM treatment, 130Ð131 string-yank technique, 277 importance of, 188 Flash burns, 268 Exogenous thyroid hormone, 183 Flat foot Exostosis, see Osteochondroma flexible, 157 Experimental therapies for RA rigid, 158 treatment, 111 Flexeril (cyclobenzaprine), 130 Flexion of elbow, 159 F Flexor retinaculum, 81 Factor V Leiden mutation, 166 Fluoride, 191Ð192 Feet problems, pediatric FM, see Fibromyalgia cavus foot, 156Ð157 Food and Drug Administration clubfoot, 155Ð156 (FDA), 184, 190Ð192 toe walking, 155 Food impaction, see Aspirated or Femoral anteversion, 147Ð148, 152 swallowed foreign body Femoral head, superoanterior Foot, 151 dislocation of, 64 anterior tarsal tunnel syndrome, Fentanyl, 240 82 Fibrocartilaginous glenoid labrum, axis, 149 37 Forefoot injuries, 84 Fibromyalgia (FM) Haglund’s deformity, 81 behavior modification for interdigital neuritis, 86 treatment of, 130 metatarsals, 84Ð86 characteristics of, 127 midfoot injuries, 82Ð83 clinical features of, 129 plantar fasciitis, 78Ð81 diagnosis of, 130 progression angle, see Angle of diagnostic criteria of, 128 gait Index 287

Tarsal tunnel syndrome, 81Ð82 H Forefoot injuries Haemophilus influenzae, 162 sesamoids, 84 Hamstring, 65Ð66 turf toe, 84 reflex, 6 Fractures, in fingers , 67 distal tip fractures, 50 Hand middle and proximal phalangeal infections, 49Ð50 fractures, 51 metacarpal fractures, 48Ð49 Friedreich’s ataxia, 157 OA, 91 Full-thickness burns, 270 Heberden’s nodes, 91 Hematologic disorder in SLE G patients, 117Ð118 Gait abnormalities Hemogram, 91 clinical patterns and management Hemostasis, 242, 250, 254 of, 151Ð153 Herniated lumbar disc, 3 evaluation and interpretation of, Hexachlorophene (pHisoHex), 241 149Ð151 HeymanÐHerndon soft tissue terminology of, 148Ð149 releases, 152 Gamekeeper’s thumb, 221Ð222 Hibiclens, see Chlorhexidine Ganglion cysts, 137Ð138 gluconate Gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity, Hip 107 dislocation, types of, 62Ð63 Gastroprotective therapy, 92 fractures, risk factors, 60Ð62 Genu valgus, see Knock knees fractures aging, 59Ð60 Giant cell arteritis, see Temporal and lower extremity, problems of, arteritis see Hip and lower extremity, Giant cell tumor, 139Ð141 problems of Glenohumeral disorders OA, 90Ð91 adhesive capsulitis, 41 pain, 4 osteonecrosis, 41 rotation, 150Ð151 Glenohumeral joint, 37, 39Ð40 Hip and lower extremity, problems Glucocorticoids, 107 of long-term systemic, for JRA apophyseal injuries, 168Ð172 treatment, 112 developmental dysplasia of hip, for SLE treatment, 118 163Ð167 systemic, for RA treatment, Legg–Calvé–Perthes disease 107Ð108 (LCPD), 166Ð168 Glucosamine sulfate, 93 septic hip, 161Ð162 Gonadotropin releasing hormone slipped capital femoral epiphysis, (GnRH) analogues, 183 162Ð163 Gout disorder transient synovitis of hip (TSH), diagnosis, 198Ð199 160Ð161 diagnostic studies, 199 Histoacryl Blue, 254 management of, 201 Hormone Replacement Therapy treatment of, 199Ð200 (HRT), 187, 189Ð190 288 Index

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)- IP, see Interphalangeal joint B27, 12 Isolated low back pain, 6 Human tetanus immune globulin (TIg), 257 J , 42 Joint deformity, 90 Hyaline cartilages, 139 Joint instability, 98 Hypercortisolism, 182 Joint pain Hyperextension lateral films, use of, differential diagnosis of, 97Ð98 176 physical examination in, patients, Hyperparathyroidism, 182, 185 98Ð99 Hyperreflexia, 24 Joint stiffness, 98 Hyperthyroidism, 182 Joints in OA, symptoms of affected, Hyperuricemia, 197 90Ð91 causes of, 198 Jones’ and sesamoid bone fractures treatment of, 201Ð203 diagnosis of, 227, 229 Hypothermia, 262 management of, 229 Hypoxia, 262 JRA, see Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis I Juvenile kyphosis, see Idiopathic scoliosis, 174Ð175 Scheuermann’s disease Imaging studies for RA, 103 Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA), Immersion syndrome, 261 111 Immunosuppressive agents, 121 clinical manifestations of, 112 Indocin, see Indomethacin NSAIDs for treatment of, Indomethacin, 200 112Ð113 Infections, in fingers felon, 56 K paronychia, 55Ð56 Kenalog, see Depo-triamcinolone tenosynovitis, 56 Ketamine, 239 Infections, in hand Kite’s angle, 156f dorsal hand infections, 49Ð50 Knee braces, 211 palmar hand infections, 49 Knee extension, 5 Inflammatory arthritis, see Psoriatic Knee pain arthritis; Rheumatoid arthritis anterior cruciate ligament tear, Interdigital neuritis, 86 70Ð72 Internal and external femoral causes of, 69 rotation, 149 chondral fractures, 74 Interphalangeal (IP) joint, 54 , 69Ð70 Intervertebal discs, degenerative ligamentous knee injuries, 72Ð73 changes in, 3 meniscal injuries, 68Ð69 In-toeing, see Metatarsus adductus osteochondral fractures, 74 Intraarticular corticosteroid osteochondritis dissecans (OCD), injection, 28 73Ð74 Intravenous antibiotics, 162 , 74Ð75 Invasive treatments, for CRPS, 134 posterior cruciate ligament tear, 72 Index 289

Knee radiographs, 211 treatment of, 167Ð168 Knock knees, see Angular Lidocaine, 107, 134, 236 abnormalities, of knee Light touch, sensation to, 5 Kyphosis, 176 Lisfranc injury, 82Ð83 Low back injury, prevention of, L 20Ð21 Lacerations Low back pain beveled, 250 with cough, 4 care of, see Laceration care demographic characteristics, 3 complex, 251Ð252 epidemiology, 1Ð2 dog ears, 251 natural history, 2Ð4 finger injuries, 252Ð253 psychosocial factors, 3Ð4 across landmark, 250 risk factors, 2 Laceration care Lower extremity variations, in alternative techniques, to sutures, pediatric groups; see also Hip 253Ð255 and lower extremity, problems anesthetization of wounds, of 235Ð238 angular abnormalities, of knee, concurrent therapy, 256Ð257 153Ð155 instructions for patients, 256 feet problems, 155Ð157 postrepair management of, flat foot, 157Ð158 255Ð256 gait abnormalities, 147Ð153 sedation, 238Ð240 Lower leg skin anatomy of, 233Ð234 plantaris tendon, 75 specific circumstances in, stress fractures, 75 250Ð253 Lumbar spine suture techniques, 245Ð250 surgery, 17 wound closure, 243Ð245 symptomatic cancer of, 11 wound healing process, 234Ð235 Lupus anticoagulant antigens, 113 wound preparation, 240Ð243 Lymphomas, 142 Lachman test, 213 Lactated Ringer’s solution, 271 M Lateral collateral ligament (LCL), Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 70 91, 163, 216 Lateral epicondylitis, see Tennis for cyst detection, 138 elbow for low back pain, 8 Leflunomide, 111 in SLE treatment, 117 Left slipped capital femoral Malar rash, 115 epiphysis, 164f Malignant bone tumors Legg–Calvé–Perthes disease chordoma, 142 (LCPD), 161 Ewing’s sarcoma, 141 Catterall classification of, 167 metastatic malignant tumors, classification of, 167 142 diagnosis of, 167 osteosarcoma, 141Ð142 early stages, 167 primary chondrosarcoma, 141 290 Index

Management of FM metatarsalgia, 84 behavior modification, 130 Metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint, medication, 130 84 patient education, 130 Metatarsus adductus, 147 water exercise, 130Ð131 and femoral anteversion, 153 Management of OA and tibial torsion, 152Ð153 goals in, 91 treatment of flexible, 151Ð152 nonpharmacologic management treatment of rigid, 152 strategies for, 91Ð92 Metatarsus varus, 151 pharmacologic approaches in, Microdiscectomy, 18 92Ð93 Midazolam, 239Ð240 surgical approaches for, 93Ð94 Milwaukee brace, 176 Management, back pain Moll’s lateral flexion test, 121 acupuncture, 16 Monsel’s solution, 254 back school, 16 Morning stiffness, 98, 100Ð101 bed rest, 13 Morton’s neuroma (MN), see exercise, 16 Interdigital neurities; Neuroma medications, 13 MPS, see Myofascial pain nonspecific low back pain, 13 syndrome spinal manipulation, 16 Multimodal treatments, 28 unproven treatment, 13Ð16 Multiple myeloma, 10 Marcaine, see Bupivacaine Muscle Marginal osteophyte formation, 91 relaxants, 13, 22 McMurray’s test, 212 strain, 65Ð67 MCP, see Metacarpophalangeal Musculoligamentous injuries, 3 joints sprains, 25 Medial collateral ligament (MCL) Myelogram for low back pain, 8 Myelography, 8 diagnosis of, 212 Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS), management of, 213 131 Medial femoral torsion, 153 clinical features of, 131Ð132 Medial knee taping, 92 treatment of, 132 Mediastinal emphysema, 266Ð267 Meniscus flaps, 211 N Meniscus injuries N- telopeptide, 185 diagnosis of, 212 Nail bed injuries, 252Ð253 management of, 212 Narcotic analgesics, 16Ð17 Mepivacaine, 237 National Health and Nutrition Mesenchymal cells, 141 Examination Survey Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints, (NHANES I) study on OA, 89 49, 101 National Osteoporosis Foundation Metastatic malignant tumors, 142 guidelines, see Bone mineral Metatarsals density (BMD), screening bunion, 85 Near drowning fracture of the fifth metatarsal, 85 clinical presentation, 261Ð262 Index 291

management of, 262Ð264 Novocain, see Procaine prevention of, 264 NSAID, see Nonsteroidal anti- Neck disorders inflammatory drugs cervical myelopathy, 23Ð25 Nursemaid’s elbow, see Elbow- cervical radiculopathy, 21Ð23 radial head subluxation cervical whiplash, 25Ð29 Nystagmus, 265 Neck immobilization, 22Ð23 Neck injuries O diagnosis of, 215 OA; see also Osteoarthritis management of, 215 and RA, differences between, 103 Neonates nosocomial infection, 161 Occupational therapy, 28 Neoplasia, 10 Open reduction with internal Neo-Synephrine, see Phenylephrine fixation (ORIF), 77 Nephrolithiasis, 202 Opsite, 273 Neurologic disorders, in SLE Orthotics, 229 patients, 117 Ortolani’s reduction test, 165 Neuroma OsgoodÐSchlatter disease, 170 diagnosis of, 135 Osteitis deformans, see Paget’s prevention of, 136 disease of bone treatment of, 136 Osteoarthritis (OA), 9 Niacin, 201 affected joints in, 90Ð91 Nifedipine, 120 chondrocytes, 90 Nitrous oxide, 240 epidemiology of, 89 Nondisplaced fractures, 36 hand, 91 distal radial, 46 hip, 90Ð91 Noninvasive medications, for CRPS management, goals of, 91 treatment, 134 nonpharmacologic management Nonossifying fibroma, 142Ð143 strategies for, 91Ð92 Nonpharmacologic treatment of RA pain, 90 dietary therapy, 104 patellofemoral, patients, 92 psychological support, 105 pathophysiology of, 89Ð90 resting, 104 pharmacologic approaches for water exercise, 104 treatment of, 92Ð93 Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory prevention, 94 drugs (NSAID), 13, 22, 27, 36, radicular symptoms of, 90 68, 92Ð93, 106, 199, 223Ð224, radiographic features and 227 laboratory findings of, 91 for ankylosing spondylitis , 90Ð91 treatment, 122 systemic factors of, 89 for CRPS treatment, 134 Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD), for JRA treatment, 112Ð113 73, 170Ð172 for Paget’s disease treatment, 143 Osteochondroma, 138Ð139 side effects of, for RA treatment, Osteochondromatosis, 138 107 Osteochondrosis deformans tibiae, for SLE treatment, 118 see Blount’s disease 292 Index

Osteoid osteomas, 84, 139, 161 Pathophysiology of OA, 89Ð90 Osteomas, 139 Patient education for FM treatment, Osteomyelitis of ileum, 161 130 Osteoporosis, 4, 10, 60 Pauciarticular-onset JRA, 112 assessments of, 182Ð186 Pavlik harness, 166 bone formation stimulators, Pelvic avulsion injuries, 64Ð65 191Ð192 Pelvic fractures, 61Ð62 bone resorption inhibitors of, Percutaneous discectomy, 18 189Ð191 Perforation, 274 clinical consequences of, 181 Periostitis, 207Ð208 and fractures, 181 Peroneus tendon, avulsion fracture prevention and treatment of, of, 85 186Ð189 Pes cavus, see Cavus foot Osteoporotic fracture, 8 Phalangeal joint injuries, 221 Osteosarcomas, 141Ð142 Pharmacologic approaches of treatment of OA, 92Ð93 P Pharmacotherapy, for RA, 105 PAC (Pontocaine/Adrenaline/ cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) Cocaine), 235 inhibitors, 107 Paget’s disease of bone DMARDs, 108 complications of, 143 glucocorticoids, 107Ð108 diagnosis of, 143 NSAID and aspirin, prognosis of, 145 106Ð107 treatment of, 143Ð145 Phenylephrine, 266 Pain Physical therapy control, 134 for CRPS treatment, 134 differential diagnosis of joint, for MPS treatment, 132 97Ð98 PIP, see Proximal interphalangeal perception in FM, 129 joints physical examination of patients Pittsburgh decision rules, 211 with joint, 98Ð99 Pivot shift test, 213 Pain, OA Placebo effect, 11 of hip, 90 Plain radiographs, 9, 22 of spine, 90 for low back pain, 6Ð8 Palindromic attacks, 102 Pneumothorax, 267 Palmar aponeurosis, 136 Point tenderness, 170 Palpable “click,” 43 Polyarticular-onset JRA, 112 Pannus, 99 Polymyalgia rheumatica, 122 Parathyroid hormone (PTH), 183, 191 treatment of, 123 Patellar dislocation Positive end-expiratory pressure diagnosis of, 214 (PEEP), 263 management of, 214Ð215 Postconcussion syndrome, 216 Patellofemoral OA patients, 92 Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), Patellofemoral, see Retropatellar 69Ð70 pain syndrome Posterior facet syndrome, 11 Index 293

Postmenopausal women, 183Ð184, Radiographic features and 191 laboratory findings of OA, Povidone-iodine (Betadine), 241, 90Ð91 272 Prednisone for Paget’s disease, 143 for polymyalgia rheumatica for primary chondrosarcoma, 141 treatment, 123 Radiology, of low back pain, 6Ð8 for RA treatment, 107Ð108 Raloxifene, 190 for SLE treatment, 118 Range of motion (ROM) exercises, Primary chondrosarcoma, 141 43 Primary OA, 90 Raynaud’s disease, 119Ð120 Probenecid, 201Ð202 Reiter syndrome, 119 Procaine, 237 Relaxation therapy, 132 Proprioception, 76 Renal biopsy, 117 Prosorba, 111 Renal disease, in SLE patients, 117 Proximal femur, fractures of, 61 Respiratory distress syndrome, 262 Proximal fifth metatarsal fractures, Resting, 104 see Jones’ and sesamoid bone Retropatellar pain syndrome (RPPS) fractures diagnosis of, 225Ð226 Proximal interphalangeal (PIP) management of, 226 joints, 101 Reverse squeeze, 264 Pseudoclaudication, 9 RF, see Rheumatoid factor Pseudoephedrine, 266 Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 158 Pseudogout, 203 classification of, 100 Psoriatic arthritis, 122 clinical course of, 102 Psychological support, for RA clinical presentations of, patients, treatment, 105 101Ð102 Psychotherapy, for CRPS treatment, diagnosis of, 99Ð101 134 experimental therapies for, Pulled elbow, see Elbow-radial head treatment, 111 subluxation extraarticular manifestations in, Pulmonary barotraumas, see 101 Decompression sickness imaging studies for, treatment, 103 juvenile (JRA), 111Ð113, 160 Q laboratory studies for, treatment, Quadriceps, 65, 67 102Ð103 tendon rupture, 66 nonpharmacologic treatment for, 104Ð105 R NSAIDs for treatment of, RA, see Rheumatoid arthritis 106Ð107 Radial head, radiologic examination and OA, differences between, 103 of, 43 pharmacologic treatment for, Radicular symptoms, 21 105Ð111 in OA, 90 surgery for, treatment, 111 Radiographic abnormalities, 8 systemic symptoms of, 101 294 Index

Rheumatoid factor, 12, 102 , see Tibial periostitis Rheumatologic disorders, see Shoe selection, 136 Systemic lupus erythematosus RICE protocol, 210Ð211, 223 composition of, 37 Rigid pes planus, 158 dislocation of, see Shoulder Risedronate (Actonel), 191 dislocation Risk factor assessment, of glenohumeral disorders, 41 osteoporosis immobilizer, 42 endocrine factors, 182 impingement syndromes, see lifestyle issues, 183 Shoulder impingement genetic issues, 182 syndromes medications, 183 periarticular shoulder problems, Robert antigen (Anti-Ro) 39Ð41 antibodies, 113 stabilization, 38 Rockwood technique, 218 traumatic dislocation of shoulder, Rolando’s fracture, 49 see Shoulder, traumatic Rotator cuff injuries, 39Ð40 dislocation of Rule of nines, 269 Shoulder dislocation Running stitch, see Suture diagnosis of, 218 techniques management of, 218Ð219 Shoulder impingement syndromes S diagnosis of, 222 Sacroiliac joint infection, 161 management of, 223 Salicylates, 92 Shoulder, traumatic dislocation of Salmonella spp., 162 anterior dislocation, 37Ð38 Scapula, 37 posterior dislocations, 39 Scheuermann’s disease, 176 subluxation, 38Ð39 Schober’s flexion test, 121 Signs and symptoms, of OA, Sciatica, 2 90Ð91 Scleroderma, 121 Silvadene, see Silver sulfadiazine histopathologic features of, 120 cream “Scotty dog’s neck,” 174 Silver sulfadiazine cream, 272 SCUBA divers, 267 SindingÐLarsenÐJohansson Secondary drowning, see Near syndrome, 168 drowning Sjögren syndrome, 121 Secondary OA, 90 Skin staples, 253Ð254 Selective estrogen receptor Skin, anatomy of, 233Ð234 modulators (SERMs), 190 SLE, see Systemic lupus Septic arthritis, of hip, 161Ð162 erythematosus Septic bursitis, treatment for, 44Ð45 Slipped capital femoral epiphysis Seronegative spondyloarthropathy, (SCFE) see Ankylosing spondylitis classification of, 162 Serositis, in SLE patients, 114Ð115 clinical diagnosis of, 163 Serum protein electrophoresis, 183 etiology, 163 Sever’s disease, 171 symptoms of, 162Ð163 Index 295

Smith antigen (anti-Sm) antigens, Surgery 113 for DC treatment, 137 Specific overuse injuries, in athletes for RA treatment, 111 Jones’ and sesamoid bone Suture techniques fractures, 227, 229 intracuticular running suture, lumbar spondylolysis/ 248 spondylolisthesis, 224Ð225 materials used in, 244 retropatellar pain syndrome running stitch, 249Ð250 (RPPS), 225Ð226 simple interrupted stitch, shoulder impingement 245Ð248 syndromes, 222Ð223 three-point mattress suture, staging and rehabilitation of, 228 248Ð249 tennis elbow, 223Ð224 vertical or horizontal mattress tibial periostitis, 226Ð227 suture, 248 Spinal claudication, 4 Symmetric arthritis, 100 Spinal stenosis, 9 Sympathetic nervous system, 133 Spine, problems of Synovial fluid analysis, 203 idiopathic scoliosis, 174Ð175 in RA, 103 Scheuermann’s disease, 176 Synovial joints, 99 spondylolisthesis, 172Ð174 Synovitis, 199 spondylolysis, 172Ð174 Systemic factors, of OA, 89 Spondylolisthesis, 172Ð174, Systemic lupus erythematosus 224Ð225 (SLE) Spondylolysis, 172Ð174, 224Ð225 arthritis in, patients, 114 Standard discectomy, 17 classification of, 115Ð116 Staphylococcus spp., 162 hematologic disorders in, Steri-strips, 255 patients, 117Ð118 Steroids, 138, 271 laboratory findings of, 113Ð114 Subacromial bursitis 40 mucocutaneous manifestations in, Subacute symptoms, neck disorders, patients, 114 21 neurologic disorders in, patients, Subchondral bone cysts, 91 117 Subchondral bony sclerosis, 91 serositis in, patients, 114Ð116 Subcutaneous emphysema, treatment, 118 266Ð267 Systemic sclerosis, see Scleroderma Subcutaneous nodules, 101 Systemic-onset JRA, 112 Sudafed, see Pseudoephedrine Sulfasalazine, for JRA treatment, T 112 T score, 184, 188 Sunburn, 273 TAC (Tetracaine/Adrenaline/ Super Glue, 254 Cocaine), 235 Superficial burns, 269Ð270 Tamoxifen, 190 Superficial partial-thickness burns, Tarsal tunnel syndrome, 82 270 Task Force on Sedation and Surgeon’s knot, 247 Analgesia, 238 296 Index

Teardrop distance, significance of, Traumatic injuries, in athletes 161f acromioclavicular (AC) Technetium bone scan, 10Ð11, separation, 220 26Ð27 ankle injuries, 209Ð211 Te-99, 223 anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) Temporal arteritis, 123 injury, 213Ð214 Tendon injuries brachial plexus injury, 220Ð221 central slip injuries, 54 closed head injuries, 216Ð218 mallet finger injuries, 51Ð54 knee injuries, 211 Tennis elbow medial collateral ligament (MCL) diagnosis of, 223 sprain, 212Ð213 management of, 224 meniscus injuries, 211Ð212 Tetanus prophylaxis, 257 neck injuries, 215 TFCC, see Triangulofibrocartilage patellar dislocation, 214Ð215 complex shoulder dislocation, 218Ð219 ThighÐfoot angle, 149 thumb and finger injuries, Three-point mattress suture, see 221Ð222 Suture techniques Triamcinolone acetonide (Kenalog), Thrombocytopenia, 117 107 Thumb and finger injuries Triamcinolone diacetate diagnosis of, 221 (Aristocort), 107 management of, 221Ð222 Triangulofibrocartilage complex Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TFCC), 47 (TSH), 183 “Trigger points,” 131–132 Tibial periostitis Trochanteric bursitis, 67 diagnosis of, 227 T-shaped repair, 252 management of, 227 Tumor(s) Tibial rotation, 151 benign bone, 138Ð141 Tibial torsion, treatment for, 152 malignant bone, 141Ð142 Tibialis posterior tendonitis, 227 necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors, Tinel’s sign, 81 108Ð111 Tinnitus, 265 Turner’s (45,X0) syndrome, 182 Tophi, 202Ð203 Topical analgesics, 92 U Topical capsaicin, 92Ð93 U.S. Preventive Services Task Torsional deformities, see Lower Force, 183Ð184 extremity variations, in Ultrasound techniques, for cyst pediatric groups detection, 138 Traction, 13 Unintensional injuries Transcondylar femoral axis (TFA), barotraumas, 264Ð267 149f, 151 burns, 267Ð274 Transcutaneous electrical nerve fishhook removal, 277Ð278 stimulation (TENS), 16 near drowning, 261Ð264 Traumatic anterior dislocation, of suffocation by foreign bodies, hip, 64 274Ð277 Index 297

Upper respiratory infection (URI), diagnostic criteria, for 265 osteoporosis, 184t Uric acid nephropathy, 203 Wound Uric acid precipitation disorders, closure of, 243Ð245; see also see Gout disorder; Suture techniques Hyperuricemia; Uric acid healing phases of, see Wound nephropathy healing phases Urine N-teloptide, 183 preparation techniques, 240Ð243 Wound healing phases V fibroblastic phase, 234 Vapocoolant spray, 132 inflammatory phase, 234 Vasoconstrictive drugs, 120 maturation phase, 235 Vastus medialis obliquus (VMO), Wrist 226 carpal fractures, 46Ð47 Versed, see Midazolam carpal tunnel syndrome, 48 Vertigo, 265 de Quervain’s tenosynovitis, 48 Viral upper respiratory infection, Dupuytren’s contracture, 50 160 fractures of distal radius, 45Ð46 Viral-immune response disorder, infections, 49 160 TFCC injuries, 47 Visceral diseases, 12 wrist instability, 47 Vitamin D, 183, 186, 188Ð189 Y W Yellow eschar, 272 Warm socks, 120 Water exercise, 104 Z Weight reduction, 94 Z score, 184 White blood cell (WBC) count, 103, Zolpidem (Ambien), 130 198Ð199 Zyloprim, see Allopurinol World Health Organization (WHO), 183