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Université Du Québec Mémoire Présenté À L'université Du Québec À Trois-Rivières Comme Exigence Partielle De La Maîtri

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Université Du Québec Mémoire Présenté À L'université Du Québec À Trois-Rivières Comme Exigence Partielle De La Maîtri UNIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC MÉMOIRE PRÉSENTÉ À L' UNIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC À TROIS-RIVIÈRES COMME EXIGENCE PARTIELLE DE LA MAÎTRISE EN ÉTUDES QUÉBÉCOISES PAR ÉLYSE MARCHAND LA REPRODUCTION SOCIALE D'UNE FAMILLE DE L'ÉLITE POLITICO­ JUDICIAIRE AU XIXE SIÈCLE: LES BOWEN DES CANTONS DE L'EST MARS 2019 Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières Service de la bibliothèque Avertissement L’auteur de ce mémoire ou de cette thèse a autorisé l’Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières à diffuser, à des fins non lucratives, une copie de son mémoire ou de sa thèse. Cette diffusion n’entraîne pas une renonciation de la part de l’auteur à ses droits de propriété intellectuelle, incluant le droit d’auteur, sur ce mémoire ou cette thèse. Notamment, la reproduction ou la publication de la totalité ou d’une partie importante de ce mémoire ou de cette thèse requiert son autorisation. RÉSUMÉ Notre travail de recherche porte sur la reproduction familiale de l'élite politico­ judiciaire, groupe constitué de personnes œuvrant dans l'administration judiciaire, politique et dans certaines professions libérales, au XIXe siècle. Nous avons choisi de faire l'analyse de cette reproduction sociale en privilégiant une approche sur la longue durée et avons opté, pour ce faire, pour une étude de cas. Nous avons étudié la famille du juge Edward Bowen, à partir du moment où celui-ci est admis à la pratique du droit, en 1803. Nous avons examiné sa lignée sur trois générations, en fonction des données disponibles. Notre principale interrogation est de savoir comment les familles de l'élite politico-judiciaire, dont les assises financières peuvent être précaires, ont été capables, ou non, de se maintenir au sein de l'élite du XIXe siècle. Nous présumons que les Bowen ont usé, notamment, de pluriactivité économique pour réussir à rester au sein de l'élite ainsi que de leur réseau de sociabilité, notamment pour conclure des unions matrimoniales avantageuses. Pour en venir à nos résultats, nous avons analysé le fonds privé de la famille Bowen qui se trouve à Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec (BAnQ) à Sherbrooke. Ce fonds est constitué de la correspondance que les membres de la famille ont échangée entre eux ainsi qu'avec leurs connaissances. On y retrouve également des documents en lien avec les diverses instances liées à leurs occupations professionnelles. S'y trouve aussi des actes notariés et plusieurs documents faisant état de leurs affaires personnelles et de leurs activités économiques. Les documents qui ont été exploités sont les lettres échangées ainsi que tous les documents en lien avec la constitution de leur patrimoine, sa transmission dans la famille ainsi que ceux traitant des alliances matrimoniales. Afin de s'assurer d'avoir toutes les informations possibles en main, d'autres pièces se trouvant dans différents greffes de notaires (eN) disponibles à BAnQ ainsi que dans d'autres centres d'archives ont été consultées. Au cours de nos recherches, certaines stratégies utilisées par la famille pour conserver une place dans l'élite ont été identifiées. On a décelé la présence de pluriactivité chez les Bowen, ce dont témoigne leur implication simultanée dans plusieurs domaines d'activités: les secteurs foncier, minier, ferroviaire, financier. Il y a également les alliances nouées par la famille, qu'elles soient de nature matrimoniale ou professionnelle. Nous allons aussi présenter les analyses circonstancielles qui nous ont permis de faire ressortir les tensions et les conflits qui ont pu avoir lieu entre les membres de la famille et avoir un effet sur le maintien de leur statut social. ii REMERCIEMENTS Je tiens d'abord à remercier mon directeur de maîtrise, Thierry Nootens, d'avoir cru en moi tout au long de ce travail de recherche. Il m'a ouvert la porte d'un monde passionnant et m'a laissé m'y engouffrer tête première, tout en s'assurant que je n'y suis pas complètement engloutie. Il a su me laisser réfléchir par moi-même et m'a guidé d'une main habile dans mes interrogations. Je veux également remercier le Centre interuniversitaire d'études québécoises (CIEQ) ainsi que les professeurs du département des sciences humaines pour leur enseignement et l'expérience qu'ils m'ont transmise, et pour le temps qu'ils ont passé avec moi à m'aider à avancer dans mes recherches. Pour terminer je tiens particulièrement à remercier mon mari, David, d'avoir cru en moi, de m'avoir permis de retourner sur les bancs d'école et de toujours m'encourager à pousser plus loin ma passion pour l'histoire. Un immense merci aussi à mes enfants, Rosaly et David-Alexandre. Vous êtes ma plus profonde source d'inspiration et vous me faites grandir un peu plus chaque jour. TABLE DES MATIÈRES ' . RÉSUME .............................................................................................. 1 REMERCIEMENTS .............................................................................. iii TABLE DES MATIÈRES ......................................................................... iv LISTE DES TABLEAUX .............................................................................................. vi LISTE DES FIGURES ........................................................................... vii ABBRÉVIATIONS ............................................................................... viii INTRODUCTION .................................................................................. 1 CHAPITRE 1-PATRIMOINE ET ACTIVITÉS ÉCONOMIQUES ................... 30 1.1 Patrimoine ............................................................................ 31 1.1.1 Le testament d'Edward Bowen ............................................................ 32 1.1.2 Le patrimoine dujuge Edward Bowen ................................................ 35 1.1.3 La transmission .................................................................................... 37 1.2 Activités économiques ................................................................. 42 l.2.1 Le domaine foncier et immobilier .................. .................... ......... 43 l.2.2 Le domaine minier ................................................................ 48 1.2.3 Le domaine ferroviaire ........................................................... 50 1.2.4 Le prêt à intérêt ...................................................................... 51 1.3 Alliances professionnelles et entreprises .................................................... 52 1.3.1 Le Sherbrooke Grist Mills : George F. Bowen et Edward Hale .......... 52 Conclusion .................................................................................................... 53 CHAPITRE 2 - POSTES PROFESSIONNELS ET POLITIQUES .................... 55 2.1. L'éducation et les apprentissages ................................................ 56 2.2. Les postes administratifs: notaire, protonotaire, shérif, avocat, juge .................................................................................... 58 2.3. Les postes politiques: maire, présidence d'associations, député, officier dans la Milice ........................................................................................ 61 Conclusion .................................................................................................... 64 CHAPITRE 3 - LES RESSOURCES DE LA VIE PRIVÉE ET DE LA SOCIABILITÉ FAMILIALE ................................................... 65 3.1. Réseaux de sociabilité ................................................................ 65 3.1.1 Les visites et la correspondance ........................................................... 66 3.1 .2 Un lien symbolique: le choix du parrain ............... .. ....... ....... .............. 69 3 .1.3 L'entraide et le patronage .................................................................... 80 3.2. Les alliances matrimoniales ...................................................... 83 3.2.1 Les unions de la seconde génération des Bowen ................................ 83 3.2.2 Les unions de la troisième génération des Bowen .................. .............. 89 3.3. Les échecs d'établissement et les atteintes à la réputation ..................... 94 3.3.1 Faillite et revers professionnels .............. ...... ............. .... ...................... 94 3.3.2 Les autres insuccès financiers ..................................... ......................... 96 Conclusion .................................................................................................... 97 CONCLUSION .................................................................................... 99 BIBLIOGRAPmE ............................................................................. 104 ANNEXE 1 ................................................................................................................... 115 ANNEXE 2 ................................................................................................................... 129 ANNEXE 3 ................................................................................................................... 130 v LISTE DES TABLEAUX Tableau 1 : Parrains: deuxième génération, 1808-1828 .................................................... 70 Tableau 2 : Parrains: Bowen et Bell ................................................................................. 75 Tableau 3 : Parrains: Bowen et Wyatt .............................................................................. 76 Tableau 4: Parrains: Bowen et Hale ................................................................................ 76 Tableau 5 : Parrains: Bowen
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