DOCSLIB.ORG

Organized Hate – Part 9

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Organized Hate – Part 9 Organized Hate – Part 9 The Racist Militia Movement The Racist Militia Movement Often adhere to the principles of racial supremacy and embrace antigovernment, antireggyulatory beliefs Aryan Nations, World Church of the Creator Patriot /Militia movement Tax Protesters Sovereign Citizen Movement Militia Movement What is a “militia”? There are several references to militia in the US Constitution 2nd Amendment “A well regulated militia, being necessary for the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed.” Article II. Section 2 “The militia is a voluntary force not associated or under the control of the States except when called out” Hamilton, Federalist Papers under No. 69 1 Militia Movement (cont.) US Code, Title 10 – Armed Forces, Subtitle A – General Military Law, Part I – Organization and General Military Powers, Chapt. 13 – The Militia Sec. 311. Militia: composition and classes (a) The militia of the United States consists of all able -bodied males at least 17 years of age and, except as provided in section 313 of title 32, under 45 years of age who are, or who have made a declaration on intention to become, citizens of the United States who are members of the National Guard. (b) The classes of the militia are – (1) the organized militia, which consists of the National Guard and the Naval Militia; and (2) the unorganized militia, which consists of members of the militia who are not members of the National Guard or Naval Militia Militia Movement (cont.) Right–wing paramilitary organizations have a long history in the US Klan Pre-WWII fascist groups Anticommunist groups during the Cold War Modern militia groups began their rise to prominence in the 70s and 80s Ideology tends to be: Anti-government and conspiracy-oriented in nature Prominent focus on firearms Some have white supremacist beliefs Militia Movement (cont.) Several factors led to the popularity of the militia movement Ruby Ridge, ID - 1992 Waco, TX - 1993 Rise of political conservatism and religious fundamentalism Brady Bill – 1993 Assault Weapons Ban - 1994 2 Militia Movement (cont.) Fascinated with conspiracies Federal government deliberately murdered people at Ruby Ridge and Waco Imminent gun confiscation The fear of a “New World Order”, under the guise of the United Nations, whose goal is the creation of a one-world socialist government The “vast Jewish conspiracy” fit well into the militia movement Militia Movement (cont.) Engage in paramilitary training Weappgons training Patrolling/ambushes Guerrilla operations/sabotage Often organized and equipped along the lines of US military units Militia Movement (cont.) The militia movement grew rapidly throughout 1994 Alleged links between militia groups and the 1995 OK Cit y bom bing resu lte d in publicity for the militia movement and drew the scrutiny of law enforcement The attention caused some groups to disband and others to splinter, but also led to an increase in numbers and activity 3 Militia Movement (cont.) By 1996 , nearly every state had at least one militia group; most states had several Increased scrutiny by law enforcement resulted in numerous arrests, usually on illegal weapons, explosives, and conspiracy charges Militia Movement Plots/Arrests April 1996: Several members of the Georgia Republic Militia are arrested for possessing bombs July 1996: 12 members of the Arizona Viper Militia are arrested for conspiring to blow up federal and sta te bu ildings July 1996: Members of the Washington State Militia are arrested for possessing bombs/explosives October 1996: Members of the West Virginia Mountaineer Militia are arrested for conspiring to blow up an FBI fingerprint records facility Militia Movement – The Decline These arrests had a negative impact on the movement Other events in 1996 and 1997 also weakened the movement Tri-State Militia collapse Montana Freemen standoff with the FBI in March 1996 Militia groups failed to come to their aid Republic of Texas standoff in April 1997 Militia groups again failed to come to their aid 4 Militia Movement – The Decline (cont.) Lack of response on the part of the militia movement caused a number of radicals to splinter away and start their own organizations Attempts at establishing militia umbrella organizations were usually short-lived Militia Movement – Arrests Continued 1998: Five members of the North American Militia are arrested and convicted of building pipe bombs and plotting to assassinate government officials Leaders Brad Metcalf and Randy Graham receive 40- and 50-year sentences respectively 4 July 1997: Bradley Glover and a friend are arrested for plotting to attack a Fort Hood, where they believe that New World Order troops were being trained Eventually a total of seven people are arrested in the plot Militia Movement – Status The number of militia groups declined after 1996, as did their activity The failure of a Y2K crisis also contributed to their decline But, in many areas of the country, the militia movement has remained strong, or nearly as strong as it was during its height Strongest in the Midwest – MI, OH, IN, IL, KY Most active group in the country recently has been the KY State Militia 5 Militias in New England 2010 NH: NH Patriot Militia US Constitution Rangers ME: Maine Constitutional Militia Sovereign Citizen Movement Origins: Circa 1970; fully formed by early 1980s Ideology: Anti-government, some white supremacist views Outreach: Vigilante courts , seminars , shortwave radio, the Internet, “schools of common law” Tactics: “Paper Terrorism”, including frivolous lawsuits/liens, fictitious financial instruments, fictitious automobile-related documents, and misuse of genuine documents such as IRS forms; various frauds and schemes Sovereign Citizen Movement (cont.) A loosely organized collection of groups and individuals Members often refer to themselves as: Sovereign citizens Constitutionalists Freemen Preamble citizens Common law citizens Non-foreign/non-resident aliens 6 Sovereign Citizen Movement (cont.) Believe that virtually all existing government in the US is illegitimate Seek to restore an idealized, minimalist government that never actually existed In order to do this, sovereign citizens wage war against the government and other forms of authority via “paper terrorism” harassment and intimidation Occasionally resort to violence Sovereign Citizen Movement – Posse Comitatus Originated in California and Oregon around 1969/1970 Grew out of right-wing tax-protest movement Name means “power [or force] of the county” in Latin Members believed that the county was the true seat of government Sovereign Citizen Movement – Posse Comitatus (cont.) Did not deny the legal existence of the federal and state governments; rather claimed that the county level was the highest authority of government as it was closest to the people Believed that there had been a “subtle subversion” of the Constitution by various arms and levels of the government, especially the judiciary Believed that there was a “criminal conspiracy to obstruct justice, disenfranchise citizens and liquidate the Constitutional Republic of the United States” 7 Sovereign Citizen Movement – Posse Comitatus (cont.) Goal of the Posse was to reverse this “subversion” and restore the Republic through: 1) Unilateral actions by the people (i.e., the Posse) 2) Actions byyy(gy the county sheriff (recognized by the Posse as the only constitutional law enforcement officer) Most important role of the county sheriff was to protect the people from the unlawful acts of government officials like judges and government agents Should a sheriff refuse to carry out such duties, “the people” had the right to hang him Sovereign Citizen Movement – Posse Comitatus (cont.) The Posse reached its peak in the early 1980s Farm crisis in the Midwest provided many new recruits Posse ideology had developed into an elaborate theory invo lv ing the concep t o f an or ig ina l u top ian government based upon “common law” Believed that the original government had been subverted and replaced with a tyrannical government and that Americans had been tricked into believing that it was legitimate Sovereign Citizen Movement – Posse Comitatus (cont.) Although originally anti-government in philosophy, many leaders of Posse groups were racists and Christian Identity adherents By the early 1980s, Posse members and sympathizers had become involved in a number of shooting, standoffs, fraud schemes, and other criminal activities 8 Sovereign Citizen Movement – Posse Comitatus (cont.) 1983: Gordon Kahl - ND Posse leader, CI adherent, and activist in the “township movement” Opened fire on US Marshals when they attempted to arrest him for violating his parole; killing two and wounding three others Tracked to an AK farmhouse four months later Died in a shootout in which a sheriff was also killed Sovereign Citizen Movement – Paper Terrorism “Common Law Courts” Used as a forum for grievances against the government and issued threats to public officials Filing of frivolous lawsuits and liens against public officials, law enforcement officers, and citizens Intimidated targets and clogged up the “illegitimate courts” Became such a problem that many states were forced to pass new laws to make filing them illegal Sovereign Citizen Movement – Paper Terrorism (cont.) Fictitious financial instruments Phony money orders, sight drafts, and comptroller’s warrants Believe that paper
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Center for American Progress Action Fund
    CENTER FOR AMERICAN PROGRESS THE TRAGEDY OF OKLAHOMA CITY 15 YEARS LATER AND THE LESSONS FOR TODAY WELCOME: AL FROM, FOUNDER, DEMOCRATIC LEADERSHIP COUNCIL JOHN PODESTA, PRESIDENT AND CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER, CENTER FOR AMERICAN PROGRESS ACTION FUND INTRODUCTION: MICHAEL REYES, FORMER EMPLOYEE, ALFRED P. MURRAH FEDERAL BUILDING SPEAKER: PRESIDENT WILLIAM J. CLINTON MODERATOR: RON BROWNSTEIN, POLITICAL DIRECTOR, ATLANTIC MEDIA PANELISTS: REP. KENDRICK MEEK (D-FL) MARVIN “MICKEY” EDWARDS (R-OK), FORMER U.S. REPRESENTATIVE MICHAEL WALDMAN, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, BRENNAN CENTER FOR JUSTICE, NEW YORK UNIVERSITY LAW SCHOOL MARK POTOK, DIRECTOR OF INTELLIGENCE PROJECTS, SOUTHERN POVERTY LAW CENTER JAMIE GORELICK, CHAIR, DEFENSE, NATIONAL SECURITY AND GOVERNMENT CONTRACTS PRACTICE GROUP, WILMERHALE BRADLEY BUCKLES, FORMER DIRECTOR, U.S. BUREAU OF ALOCHOL, TOBACCO AND FIREARMS FRIDAY, APRIL 16, 2010 WASHINGTON, D.C. Transcript by Federal News Service Washington, D.C. JOHN PODESTA: Good morning, everyone. I’m John Podesta. I’m the president of the Center for American Progress Action Fund. I want to thank you for joining us here today to remember and to reflect on the tragedy that occurred in Oklahoma City nearly 15 years ago. There are days that punctuate all our memories, collectively and as a country, and April 19, 1995 is most certainly one of them. So despite the somberness of this occasion, I’m honored to co-host this important event today and I’m grateful to those who were affected for taking the time to share their experiences, as we look both backwards to remember what happened and forward to draw lessons. We can now see more clearly from today’s vantage point.
    [Show full text]
  • Rodney S. Webb: United States Attorney for the District of North Dakota from 1981 to 1987
    North Dakota Law Review Volume 78 Number 2 Article 12 2002 Rodney S. Webb: United States Attorney for the District of North Dakota from 1981 to 1987 Lynn E. Crooks Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.und.edu/ndlr Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Crooks, Lynn E. (2002) "Rodney S. Webb: United States Attorney for the District of North Dakota from 1981 to 1987," North Dakota Law Review: Vol. 78 : No. 2 , Article 12. Available at: https://commons.und.edu/ndlr/vol78/iss2/12 This Comment is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Law at UND Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in North Dakota Law Review by an authorized editor of UND Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. RODNEY S. WEBB: UNITED STATES ATTORNEY FOR THE DISTRICT OF NORTH DAKOTA FROM 1981 TO 1987 LYNN E. CROOKS* I. INTRODUCTION Rodney S. Webb served as the United States Attorney for the District of North Dakota from 1981 until he was appointed by President Reagan to be a United States District Court Judge for the District of North Dakota in 1987. During his term as United States Attorney, the State of North Dakota experienced one of the highest profile murder cases in its history. The reports of the murders and the subsequent trial became one of the most intense news events in modern North Dakota history. Indeed, the intense news coverage became one of the principal issues on appeal and was the subject of a dissent by Chief Judge Lay from the opinion affirming the convictions.
    [Show full text]
  • Officer Safety- Sovereign Citizens- Supplemental Information
    Officer Safety- Sovereign Citizens- Supplemental Information Domestic Terrorism The Sovereign Citizen Movement 04/13/10- FBI Domestic terrorism—Americans attacking Americans because of U.S.-based extremist ideologies—comes in many forms in our post 9/11 world. To help educate the public, we’ve previously outlined two separate domestic terror threats—eco- terrorists/animal rights extremists and lone offenders. Today, we look at a third threat—the “sovereign Some examples of illegal license plates citizen” extremist movement. Sovereign citizens used by so-called sovereign citizens. are anti-government extremists who believe that even though they physically reside in this country, they are separate or “sovereign” from the United States. As a result, they believe they don’t have to answer to any government authority, including courts, taxing entities, motor vehicle departments, or law enforcement. This causes all kinds of problems—and crimes. For example, many sovereign citizens don’t pay their taxes. They hold illegal courts that issue warrants for judges and police officers. They clog up the court system with frivolous lawsuits and liens against public officials to harass them. And they use fake money orders, personal checks, and the like at government agencies, banks, and businesses. That’s just the beginning. Not every action taken in the name of the sovereign citizen ideology is a crime, but the list of illegal actions committed by these groups, cells, and individuals is extensive (and puts them squarely on our radar). In addition to the above, sovereign citizens: Commit murder and physical assault; Threaten judges, law enforcement professionals, and government personnel; Impersonate police officers and diplomats; Use fake currency, passports, license plates, and driver’s licenses; and Engineer various white-collar scams, including mortgage fraud and so-called “redemption” schemes.
    [Show full text]
  • Involvement with Law Enforcement
    Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Master's Theses Graduate College 8-1989 A Comparison of Selected Old and New Right Wing Groups: Involvement with Law Enforcement Elvin W. Keith Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses Part of the Criminology Commons, Political Science Commons, and the Social Psychology Commons Recommended Citation Keith, Elvin W., "A Comparison of Selected Old and New Right Wing Groups: Involvement with Law Enforcement" (1989). Master's Theses. 1095. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses/1095 This Masters Thesis-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A COMPARISON OF SELECTED OLD AND NEW RIGHT WING GROUPS: INVOLVEMENT WITH LAW ENFORCEMENT by Elvin W. Keith III A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of The Graduate College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Department of Political Science Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, Michigan August 1989 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. A COMPARISON OF SELECTED OLD AND NEW RIGHT WING GROUPS: INVOLVEMENT WITH LAW ENFORCEMENT Elvin W. Keith III, M.A. Western Michigan University, 1989 This study has determined that current right wing extremist groups in the U.S. have no greater propensity for damage to the national security than older right wing groups. Although rig h t wing groups are dangerous due to the popularity of conservative causes and the proliferation of modern weaponry, an examination reveals that dedicat­ ion and increased military capability are offset by more efficient law enforcement response and lack of support by the general populace.
    [Show full text]
  • the Lawmen: United States Marshals and Their Deputies
    If you have issues viewing or accessing this file contact us at NCJRS.gov. - . - --- ,-. - .- I. '. ., ~ ., •• ~~~'r,I. ... ... " \~\~"5cc .. ,.~ . The Lawmen: ~~ United States Marshals j, and Their Deputies hIt " " '0 1789 to ,the. Present L· -r = - t~. ' - -~ The Lawmen: United States Marshals t"" <t I .. " • I " and Their Deputies Ne3RS by \ MAR 12 1981 Frederick S. Calhoun, Historian, U.S. Marshals Service ACQUISHT10NS An overview of the origins and colorful history of the Nation's oldest, most distinguished federal law enforcement organization "For more than a century after the establishment of the fed­ eral government in 1789, U.S. Marshals provided the only nationwide civilian police power available to the president, Congress, and the courts. For two hundred years now, U.S. Marshals and their deputies have served as the instruments of civil authority used by all three branches of government. Marshals have been involved in most of the major historical episodes in America's past. The history of the marshals is. quite simply, the story of how the American people govern themselves. " This is an excerpt from the forthcoming official history of the U. S. Mar­ shals by Frederick S. Calhoun, Historian, U.S. Marshals Service. Mr. Calhoun, who received his Ph.D. from the University of Chicago, is the author of Power and Principle: Armed Intervention in Wilsonian Foreign Policy. 104856 J u.s. Department of JUstice National Institute of Justice This document has been reproduced exactly as received from the person or organization originating it. Points of view or opinions stated in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the National Institute of Justice.
    [Show full text]
  • WAR in the WEST the Bundy Ranch Standoff and the American Radical Right
    WAR IN THE WEST The Bundy Ranch Standoff and the American Radical Right A Special Report from the Southern Poverty Law Center Montgomery, Alabama JULY 2014 southern poverty law center WAR IN THE WEST The Bundy Ranch Standoff and the American Radical Right THE SOUTHERN POVERTY LAW CENTER is a nonprofit organization that combats hate, intolerance and discrimination through education and litigation. Its Intelligence Project, which prepared this report and also produces the quarterly investigative magazine Intelligence Report, tracks the activities of hate groups and the nativist movement and monitors militia and other extremist antigovernment activity. Its Teaching Tolerance project helps foster respect and understanding in the classroom. Its litigation arm files lawsuits against hate groups for the violent acts of their members. MEDIA AND GENERAL INQUIRIES Mark Potok or Heidi Beirich Southern Poverty Law Center 400 Washington Ave., Montgomery, Ala. (334) 956-8200 www.splcenter.org This report was prepared by the staff of the Intelligence Project of the Southern Poverty Law Center. The Center is supported entirely by private donations. No government funds are involved. © Southern Poverty Law Center. All rights reserved. southern poverty law center about the report Written by Ryan Lenz and Mark Potok Edited by Heidi Beirich Designed by Russell Estes, Shannon Anderson and Sunny Paulk Cover photos by Jim Urquhart/Reuters/Corbis and Ryan Lenz southern poverty law center table of contents Executive Summary 5 Guns of April: The Bundy Standoff 8 Backgrounding Bundy: The Movement 18 Land Use and the ‘Patriots’: A Timeline 22 southern poverty law center After the climbdown: Militiamen and other support- ers of Cliven Bundy head for the corral where govern- ment agents were holding the Nevadan’s cattle.
    [Show full text]
  • Mango Languages
    Connections VOLUME 2 ∙ NUMBER 7 ∙ JULY 2019 MANGO LANGUAGES Not-So-Frequently Asked Questions 2 Submitted by Angie Houser New E-Books and E-Audiobooks 3 New Titles Available 3 Mango Languages is the newest database added to our online Book Review 5 library resources. It is also one of the most fun and interactive Universal Class Course of the Month 5 databases! Mango is a language learning database that can be used on both a desktop and through an app. There are 75+ languages to choose from, but the user doesn’t have to pick only one. Multiple languages can be set up in the Subscribe account at one time. Each language comes with a set number of to our newsletter! units, chapters, and lessons that will take the user from the basics of the language to the more advanced part. Each lesson begins with the goals for the lesson in both conversation and grammar. Some languages just have the basics (i.e. “hello”, “my name is…”, etc.) available while others have robust units that will help you gain fluency. Not only does it have what you need for using the language, many languages also have specialty courses that give you a lesson on specific subjects like slang, superstition, or English loan words. Every language is different, and all lessons are learned at your own pace. Sign up for a The second great part of Mango languages is the English Library Card! Language Learning courses. When choosing these courses, the user chooses what their native language is in order to learn English.
    [Show full text]
  • The Posse Comitatus and the Office of Sheriff: Armed Citizens Summoned to the Aid of Law Enforcement
    Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology Volume 104 Article 3 Issue 4 Symposium On Guns In America Fall 2015 The oP sse Comitatus And The Office Of Sheriff: Armed Citizens Summoned To The Aid Of Law Enforcement David B. Kopel Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/jclc Part of the Criminal Law Commons Recommended Citation David B. Kopel, The Posse Comitatus And The Office Of erSh iff: Armed Citizens Summoned To The Aid Of Law Enforcement, 104 J. Crim. L. & Criminology 761 (2015). https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/jclc/vol104/iss4/3 This Criminal Law is brought to you for free and open access by Northwestern University School of Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology by an authorized editor of Northwestern University School of Law Scholarly Commons. 0091-4169/15/10404-0761 THE JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL LAW & CRIMINOLOGY Vol. 104, No. 4 Copyright © 2015 by Northwestern University School of Law Printed in U.S.A. THE POSSE COMITATUS AND THE OFFICE OF SHERIFF: ARMED CITIZENS SUMMONED TO THE AID OF LAW ENFORCEMENT DAVID B. KOPEL* Posse comitatus is the legal power of sheriffs and other officials to summon armed citizens to aid in keeping the peace. The posse comitatus can be traced back at least as far as the reign of Alfred the Great in ninth- century England. The institution thrives today in the United States; a study of Colorado finds many county sheriffs have active posses. Like the law of the posse comitatus, the law of the office of sheriff has been remarkably stable for over a millennium.
    [Show full text]
  • DOJ Press Release
    United States Attorney’s Office Eastern District of Michigan Barbara L. McQuade United States Attorney PRESS RELEASE FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Contact: Gina Balaya - (313) 226-9758 March 29, 2010 www.justice.gov/usao/mie/index.html Sandra Berchtold - FBI (313) 237-4218 NINE MEMBERS OF A MILITIA GROUP CHARGED WITH SEDITIOUS CONSPIRACY AND RELATED CHARGES Six Michigan residents, along with two residents of Ohio and a resident of Indiana, were indicted by a federal grand jury in Detroit on charges of seditious conspiracy, attempted use of weapons of mass destruction, teaching the use of explosive materials, and possessing a firearm during a crime of violence, United States Attorney Barbara L. McQuade and FBI Special Agent in Charge Andrew Arena announced today. The five count indictment, which was unsealed today, charges that between August 2008 and the present, the defendants, David Brian Stone, 45, his wife, Tina Stone, 44, his son, Joshua Matthew Stone, 21, of Clayton, Michigan, and his other son, David Brian Stone, Jr., 19, of Adrian, Michigan, Joshua Clough, 28, of Blissfield, Michigan, Michael Meeks, 40 of Manchester, Michigan, Thomas Piatek, 46, of Whiting, Indiana, Kristopher Sickles, 27, of Sandusky, Ohio, and Jacob Ward, 33, of Huron, Ohio, acting as a Lenawee County Michigan militia group called the Hutaree, conspired to oppose by force the authority of the U.S. government. According to the indictment, Hutaree members view local, state, and federal law enforcement as the “brotherhood”, their enemy, and have been preparing to engage them in armed conflict. The indictment further alleges that the Hutaree planned to kill an unidentified member of local law enforcement and then attack the law enforcement officers who gather in Michigan for the funeral.
    [Show full text]
  • Government Power and Rural Resistance in the Arkansas Ozarks
    Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports 2014 Dynamics of Defiance: Government Power and Rural Resistance in the Arkansas Ozarks J. Blake Perkins Follow this and additional works at: https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd Recommended Citation Perkins, J. Blake, "Dynamics of Defiance: Government Power and Rural Resistance in the Arkansas Ozarks" (2014). Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports. 6404. https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/6404 This Dissertation is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by the The Research Repository @ WVU with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Dissertation in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you must obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Dissertation has been accepted for inclusion in WVU Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports collection by an authorized administrator of The Research Repository @ WVU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Dynamics of Defiance: Government Power and Rural Resistance in the Arkansas Ozarks J. Blake Perkins Dissertation submitted to the Eberly College of Arts and Sciences at West Virginia University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History Kenneth Fones-Wolf, Ph.D., Committee Chairperson Elizabeth Fones-Wolf, Ph.D. Joseph Hodge, Ph.D. James Siekmeier, Ph.D. Brooks Blevins, Ph.D. Department of History Morgantown, WV 2014 Keywords: Ozarks; Arkansas; rural; government; liberal state; populism; resistance; dissent; smallholder; agrarianism; industrialization; agribusiness; liberalism; conservatism; economic development; politics; stereotypes Copyright 2014 J.
    [Show full text]
  • Reference Aid
    UNCLASSIFIED//LAW ENFORCEMENT SENSITIVE Reference Aid (U) Militia Extremist Movement 1 August 2011 IA-0449-11 Office of Intelligence and Analysis UNCLASSIFIED//LAW ENFORCEMENT SENSITIVE UNCLASSIFIED//LAW ENFORCEMENT SENSITIVE (U) Militia Extremist Movement 1 August 2011 (U) Prepared by the Office of Intelligence and Analysis (I&A), Homeland Counterterrorism Division, Homegrown Violent Extremism Branch. Coordinated with the FBI Directorate of Intelligence, Domestic Terrorism Analysis Unit, Domestic Terrorism Operations Unit. (U) Scope (U) Homeland Security Reference Aids, prepared by I&A, provide baseline information on a range of homeland security issues. This product is one in a series of reference aids on violent domestic and foreign extremist groups that assess the nature and scope of the threat they pose to the Homeland. This product is intended to support federal, state, local, and tribal agencies and authorities with responsibilities relating to homeland security to assist in the deterrence, prevention, preemption of, or response to terrorist attacks against the United States. To maintain timely and accurate intelligence, DHS encourages state and local law enforcement to respond with any updated information they may have concerning the status, composition, or activities of violent extremist groups in their jurisdictions. (U) LAW ENFORCEMENT SENSITIVE: The information marked (U//LES) in this document is the property of FBI and may be distributed within the Federal Government (and its contractors), U.S. intelligence, law enforcement, public safety or protection officials, and individuals with a need to know. Distribution beyond these entities without FBI authorization is prohibited. Precautions should be taken to ensure this information is stored and/or destroyed in a manner that precludes unauthorized access.
    [Show full text]
  • S:\KOMIVES\Eddrey Butts\Stone.Brian.Crim.Suppress(278285337)
    2:10-cr-20123-VAR-PJK Doc # 391 Filed 08/03/11 Pg 1 of 28 Pg ID 2586 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT EASTERN DISTRICT OF MICHIGAN SOUTHERN DIVISION UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Plaintiff, CASE NO. 2:10-CR-20123 v. JUDGE VICTORIA A. ROBERTS MAGISTRATE JUDGE PAUL J. KOMIVES DAVID BRIAN STONE, et al., Defendants. / REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION ON: (1) DEFENDANT DAVID STONE JR.’S FRANKS MOTION TO SUPPRESS (docket #278) AND RELATED JOINDERS (docket #279-84, 287, 339, 341); (2) DEFENDANT PIATEK’S MOTION TO QUASH SEARCH WARRANT (docket #285) AND RELATED JOINDERS (docket #288, 291, 296, 340); and (3) DEFENDANT JOSHUA STONE’S MOTION TO SUPPRESS (docket #337) AND RELATED JOINDERS (docket #338, 343, 346, 357) I. RECOMMENDATION ................................................................ 1 II. REPORT ........................................................................... 2 A. Background .................................................................. 2 1. The Case in General and the Instant Motions ................................. 2 2. The Search Warrant Affidavit ............................................. 5 C. Probable Cause .............................................................. 13 1. Legal Standard ....................................................... 13 2. Analysis ............................................................. 15 C. The Franks Issue ............................................................. 19 1. Legal Standard ....................................................... 19 2. Analysis ............................................................
    [Show full text]