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Ernesto 'Che' Guevara: the Existing Literature
Ernesto ‘Che’ Guevara: socialist political economy and economic management in Cuba, 1959-1965 Helen Yaffe London School of Economics and Political Science Doctor of Philosophy 1 UMI Number: U615258 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U615258 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 I, Helen Yaffe, assert that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Helen Yaffe Date: 2 Iritish Library of Political nrjPr v . # ^pc £ i ! Abstract The problem facing the Cuban Revolution after 1959 was how to increase productive capacity and labour productivity, in conditions of underdevelopment and in transition to socialism, without relying on capitalist mechanisms that would undermine the formation of new consciousness and social relations integral to communism. Locating Guevara’s economic analysis at the heart of the research, the thesis examines policies and development strategies formulated to meet this challenge, thereby refuting the mainstream view that his emphasis on consciousness was idealist. Rather, it was intrinsic and instrumental to the economic philosophy and strategy for social change advocated. -
The Embattled Political Aesthetics of José Carlos Mariátegui and Amauta
A Realist Indigenism: The Embattled Political Aesthetics of José Carlos Mariátegui and Amauta BY ERIN MARIA MADARIETA B.A., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2012 THESIS Submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Art History in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Chicago, 2019 Chicago, Illinois Defense Committee: Blake Stimson, Art History, Advisor and Chair Andrew Finegold, Art History Nicholas Brown, English Margarita Saona, Hispanic and Italian Studies TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………………………...1 BEYOND THE “SECTARIAN DIVIDE”: MARIÁTEGUI’S EXPANSIVE REALISM………..9 TOWARD A REALIST INDIGENISM: PARSING MARXISM, INDIGENISM, AND POPULISM………………………………………………………………………………………33 “THE PROBLEM OF RACE IN LATIN AMERICA”: MARIÁTEGUI AND INTERNATIONAL COMMUNISTS…………………………………………………………...53 “PAINTING THE PEOPLE” OR DEMYSTIFYING PERUVIAN REALITY?: AMAUTA’S VISUAL CONTENT…………………………………………………………………………….65 CONCLUSION…………………………….…………………………………………………….88 BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………………………………………………………………..92 ii SUMMARY This thesis focuses on José Carlos Mariátegui (1894-1930), a Peruvian critic and Marxist political activist who founded the Peruvian Socialist Party. Mariátegui also edited the journal Amauta, which featured literature, visual art, and theoretical and political texts from 1926 to 1930. This project aims to contribute an original understanding of the thought and editorial practice of this historically significant figure by recuperating his endorsement of realist -
Che Guevara's Final Verdict on the Soviet Economy
SOCIALIST VOICE / JUNE 2008 / 1 Contents 249. Che Guevara’s Final Verdict on the Soviet Economy. John Riddell 250. From Marx to Morales: Indigenous Socialism and the Latin Americanization of Marxism. John Riddell 251. Bolivian President Condemns Europe’s Anti-Migrant Law. Evo Morales 252. Harvest of Injustice: The Oppression of Migrant Workers on Canadian Farms. Adriana Paz 253. Revolutionary Organization Today: Part One. Paul Le Blanc and John Riddell 254. Revolutionary Organization Today: Part Two. Paul Le Blanc and John Riddell 255. The Harper ‘Apology’ — Saying ‘Sorry’ with a Forked Tongue. Mike Krebs ——————————————————————————————————— Socialist Voice #249, June 8, 2008 Che Guevara’s Final Verdict on the Soviet Economy By John Riddell One of the most important developments in Cuban Marxism in recent years has been increased attention to the writings of Ernesto Che Guevara on the economics and politics of the transition to socialism. A milestone in this process was the publication in 2006 by Ocean Press and Cuba’s Centro de Estudios Che Guevara of Apuntes criticos a la economía política [Critical Notes on Political Economy], a collection of Che’s writings from the years 1962 to 1965, many of them previously unpublished. The book includes a lengthy excerpt from a letter to Fidel Castro, entitled “Some Thoughts on the Transition to Socialism.” In it, in extremely condensed comments, Che presented his views on economic development in the Soviet Union.[1] In 1965, the Soviet economy stood at the end of a period of rapid growth that had brought improvements to the still very low living standards of working people. -
Communist Parties Have Inherited from Lenin and Other Great Bolsheviks an Ideal-Logical Paradigm
The Bolshevik Ideal-logical Paradi!! Communist parties have inherited from Lenin and other great bolsheviks an ideal-logical paradigm. In terms of this paradigm the bolsheviks understand themselves and the world, which they try to disqualify ideologically and to change through revolutionary activity. Apart from the ideal of a communist society, the following ideas exerted key influence on the Bolsheviks' (self)understanding: proletarian revolution; a party of (professional) revolutionaries organized in a democratic-centralist manner; dictatorship of the proletariat; the party as the representative of the objective and historical interests of the proletariat; the transition period between capitalism and communism. As Marxists the Bolsheviks faced the problem of how to explain to them selves and others the possibility of proletarian, socialist revolution in backward Russia. The idea of a centralized party of professional revolution aries did not suffice; they needed a radical revision of the Marxist vision of revolution. This revision transformed a revolutionary philosophical-social theory into a revolutionary ideal-logy. Admittedly, Marx himself was ambivalent: He'saw a real chance for the revolution and the subsequent development of a new society in developed capitalism, but from time to time he lost his patience, hoping that the revolution would soon break out even though capitalism was still i rather undeveloped. Characteristically, Bolshevik ideal-logues believed tliat Marx's goals could be achieved under radicallY changed conditions and through radically 1 2 Changed means.* One could almost say that revolution sets only those goals it cannot aChieve. Two ideas were of key import~nce for the Bolshevik ideal-logical revision of Marx's concept of revolution: the weakest link of imperialism and the permanent revolution. -
Marxism and the Solidarity Economy: Toward a New Theory of Revolution
Class, Race and Corporate Power Volume 9 Issue 1 Article 2 2021 Marxism and the Solidarity Economy: Toward a New Theory of Revolution Chris Wright [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/classracecorporatepower Part of the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Wright, Chris (2021) "Marxism and the Solidarity Economy: Toward a New Theory of Revolution," Class, Race and Corporate Power: Vol. 9 : Iss. 1 , Article 2. DOI: 10.25148/CRCP.9.1.009647 Available at: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/classracecorporatepower/vol9/iss1/2 This work is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Arts, Sciences & Education at FIU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Class, Race and Corporate Power by an authorized administrator of FIU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Marxism and the Solidarity Economy: Toward a New Theory of Revolution Abstract In the twenty-first century, it is time that Marxists updated the conception of socialist revolution they have inherited from Marx, Engels, and Lenin. Slogans about the “dictatorship of the proletariat” “smashing the capitalist state” and carrying out a social revolution from the commanding heights of a reconstituted state are completely obsolete. In this article I propose a reconceptualization that accomplishes several purposes: first, it explains the logical and empirical problems with Marx’s classical theory of revolution; second, it revises the classical theory to make it, for the first time, logically consistent with the premises of historical materialism; third, it provides a (Marxist) theoretical grounding for activism in the solidarity economy, and thus partially reconciles Marxism with anarchism; fourth, it accounts for the long-term failure of all attempts at socialist revolution so far. -
Georg Lukács and Organizing Class Consciousness / by Robert Lanning
Georg Lukács and Organizing Class Consciousness Georg Lukács and Organizing Class Consciousness by Robert Lanning MEP Publications MEP Publications University of Minnesota 116 Church Street S.E. Minneapolis, MN 55455-0112 Copyright © 2009 by Robert Lanning All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Lanning, Robert. Georg Lukács and organizing class consciousness / by Robert Lanning. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 978-0-930656-77-5 1. Lukács, György, 1885-1971--Criticism and interpretation. 2. Philosophy, Marxist. 3. Social conflict. 4. Class consciousness. I. Title. B4815.L84L36 2009 335.4’11 -- dc22 2009015114 CONTENTS Chapter One Class Consciousness and Reification 1 Chapter Two Historical Necessity as Self-Activity 31 Chapter Three The Concept of Imputed Class Consciousness 55 Chapter Four Common Sense and Market Rationality in Sociological Studies of Class 77 Chapter Five Being Determines Consciousness 109 Chapter Six Consciousness Overemphasized? 125 Chapter Seven Class Experience, “Substitution,” and False Consciousness 143 Chapter Eight Imputed Class Consciousness in the Development of the Individual 165 Conclusion 193 Reference List 197 Index 205 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank David S. Pena for his thorough editing of the manuscript, and Erwin and Doris Grieser Marquit for seeing this project through its stages of development. I would also like to acknowledge Erwin’s editing of twenty volumes of Nature, Society, and Thought (1987–2007), a journal that exhibited an important balance between politics and scholarship. Chapter One Class Consciousness and Reification To be scientific, sociologists must ask not merely what some member of a social group thinks today about refrigerators and gadgets or about marriage and sexual life, but what is the field of consciousness within which some group can vary its ways of thinking about all these problems. -
Karl Marx's Changing Picture of the End of Capitalism
Journal of the British Academy, 6, 187–206. DOI https://doi.org/10.5871/jba/006.187 Posted 30 July 2018. © The British Academy 2018 Karl Marx’s changing picture of the end of capitalism Master-Mind Lecture read 21 November 2017 GARETH STEDMAN JONES Fellow of the Academy Abstract: This essay examines three successive attempts Marx made to theorise his conception of the ‘value form’ or the capitalist mode of production. The first in the 1840s ascribed the destruction of an original human sociability to the institution of private property and looked forward to its destruction and transcendence in the coming revolution. This vision was shattered by the disenchanting failure of the 1848 revolutions. The second attempt, belonging to the 1850s and outlined in the Grundrisse, attempted to chart the rise, global triumph, and the ultimate destruction of what Marx called the ‘value form’. Its model of global triumph and final disintegration was inspired by Hegel’s Logic. But the global economic crisis of 1857–8 did not lead to the return of revolution. Marx’s disturbed reaction to this failure was seen in his paranoia about the failure of his Critique of Political Economy (1859). Marx’s third attempt to formulate his critique in Das Kapital in 1867 was much more successful. It was accompanied by a new conception of revolution as a transi tional process rather than an event and was stimulated by his participation in the International Working Men’s Association and the accompanying growth of cooper atives, trade unions, and a political reform movement culminating in the Reform Bill of 1867. -
A. the First Theoretical Generation After Marx and Engels
1 Prepared by Richard D. Wolff for Democracyatwork.info July, 2019 [For a brief biography of names and definitions of terms that may be unfamiliar, refer to T. Bottomore, Ed., A Dictionary of Marxist Thought.] A. The first theoretical generation after Marx and Engels 1. Austro-Marxism: Marxism in the Vienna of Freud, Carnap, Wittgenstein, and Strauss T. Bottomore and P. Goode, Austro-Marxism, Ch. 1,2, and 7 (first Adler piece) R. Hilferding, “Bohm-Bawerk’s Criticism of Marx” and P. Sweezy, “Introduction” both in P. Sweezy, ed., Karl Marx and the Close of his System. 2. Russian Marxism: Russian Social Democratic Party, Lenin, Bolshevism V.I. Lenin, Materialism and Empirio-Criticism, Ch 2, 6 “Conspectus on Hegel’s Book, The Science of Logic” in Collected Works, vol. 38 (especially Book 3) “On the Question of Dialectics” in Ibid. State and Revolution Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism The Emancipation of Women Left-wing Communism: An Infantile Disorder G. Plekhanov, Socialism and Political Struggle The Role of the Individual in History Essays in the History of Materialism Marxism’s Theoretical Tradition After Marx. Reading list compiled by Richard D. Wolff for Democracyatwork.info 2 G. Lukacs, Lenin: A Study on the Unity of his Thought L. Althusser, Lenin and Philosophy (especially the essays “Lenin and Philosophy” and “Lenin Before Hegel”) 3. The Struggle in Germany: Reform or Revolution R. Luxemburg, Social reform or Revolution The Accumulation of Capital, Section 3 K. Kautsky, The Road to Power E. Bernstein, Evolutionary Socialism, especially the Introduction and the Conclusion 4. The larger context: imagining and constructing transitions from capitalism to communism F. -
THE PEASANTS AS a REVOLUTIONARY CLASS: an Early Latin American View
University of South Florida Scholar Commons Government and International Affairs Faculty Government and International Affairs Publications 5-1-1978 The eP asants as a Revolutionary Class: An Early Latin American View Harry E. Vanden University of South Florida, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/gia_facpub Part of the Government Contracts Commons, and the International Relations Commons Scholar Commons Citation Vanden, Harry E., "The eP asants as a Revolutionary Class: An Early Latin American View" (1978). Government and International Affairs Faculty Publications. 93. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/gia_facpub/93 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Government and International Affairs at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Government and International Affairs Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. HARRY E. VANDEN Department of Political Science University of South Florida Tampa, Florida 33620 THE PEASANTS AS A REVOLUTIONARY CLASS: An Early Latin American View We do not regard Marx's theory as something completed and inviolable; on the contrary, we are convinced that it has only laid the foundation stone of the science which socialists must develop in all directions if they wish to keep pace with life. V. I. Lenin (Our Program) The peasant is one of the least understood and most abused actors on the modern political stage. He is maligned for his political passivity and distrust of national political movements. Yet, most of the great twentieth-century revolutions in the Third World have, according to most scholars, been peasant based (Landsberger, 1973: ix; Wolf, 1969). -
Was Karl Marx an Ecosocialist?
Fast Capitalism ISSN 1930-014X Volume 17 • Issue 2 • 2020 doi:10.32855/fcapital.202002.006 Was Karl Marx an Ecosocialist? Carl Boggs Facing the provocative question as to whether Karl Marx could be regarded as an ecosocialist – the very first ecosocialist – contemporary environmentalists might be excused for feeling puzzled. After all, the theory (a historic merger of socialism and ecology) did not enter Western political discourse until the late 1970s and early 1980s, when leading figures of the European Greens (Rudolf Bahro, Rainer Trampert, Thomas Ebermann) were laying the foundations of a “red-green” politics. That would be roughly one century after Marx completed his final work. Later ecological thinkers would further refine (and redefine) the outlook, among them Barry Commoner, James O’Connor, Murray Bookchin, Andre Gorz, and Joel Kovel. It would not be until the late 1990s and into the new century, however, that leftists around the journal Monthly Review (notably Paul Burkett, John Bellamy Foster, Fred Magdoff) would begin to formulate the living image of an “ecological Marx.” The most recent, perhaps most ambitious, of these projects is Kohei Saito’s Karl Marx’s Ecosocialism, an effort to reconstruct Marx’s thought from the vantage point of the current ecological crisis. Was the great Marx, who died in 1883, indeed something of an ecological radical – a theorist for whom, as Saito argues, natural relations were fundamental to understanding capitalist development? Saito’s aim was to arrive at a new reading of Marx’s writings based on previously unpublished “scientific notebooks” written toward the end of Marx’s life. -
The Ba'th Party in Iraq: from Its Beginning Through Today
Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive Theses and Dissertations Thesis Collection 1993-12 The Ba'th Party in Iraq: from its beginning through today Cabana, Joel L. Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School http://hdl.handle.net/10945/39665 NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA AD-A276 153 ~TC T'-7'CTE S•,AR 0 11994 S"'•THESIS THE BA'TH PARTY IN IRAQ: FROM ITS BEGINNING THROUGH TODAY by Joel L. Cabana December 1993 Thesis Advisor: Ralph H. Magnus Second Reader: Kanil T. Said Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited 94-06643 - 2• R 068 REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE form Approved ,~or~aI OMB NO 0704-0ie8 PNX ow i~ngDW,•aeA for this colloc'uoo of ml/oenatiort ,s "i,ritlgdlq 1o ever&"l~ i hour per respo)nse. inc4ludin t"• tirrf/ ltO reviewing instructios, searching eqwvfing dat|al 10.rc Silow:;• and mai4ntaiin the data needed. and coring tin and reviewing the ci'linoft of *focqlOna- Send commients re~rtdig th~tslovitat"q estionte or &nv olne, #%we(t Of lZi ,~ont~o of nfm4( , *•llh! v•t~n ~ N ,Wc this for~e o oh•O , ur*.trs rtv Clit, 0'rectOrate vof infoitnotO O,rotno era , tiona I l Dnd ,. ii is iteltrTion 04..S "h.y. Suite 14. 47lo n. 9Vr•i , PO214 the OUf O ie f Management and Budgt I'iaPrwoki d01 .on Project (004-014) Washington. OC 20503 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 12. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED 11993 December Masters Thesis 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE S. FUNDING NUMBERS The Ba'th Party in Iraq: From Its Beginning Through Today 16. -
SOCIALISM Socialism SOCIALISM Hoffman and Graham Emphasize the Diversity of Socialist Thought
SOCIALISM Socialism SOCIALISM Hoffman and Graham emphasize the diversity of socialist thought. They ask: Can socialism be defined? Is it an impossible dream? Do more “realistic” forms of socialism sacrifice their very socialism when they become more pragmatic? And do the diverse kinds of socialism have anything in common? SOCIALISM They also point out the difference between what they call “social democracy” or “democratic socialism” and “Marxism” or “scientific socialism.” What are the differences? SOCIALISM Social Democracy / Marxism / Democratic Socialism Scientific Socialism Moderate classes Eliminate classes Utilize the state Go beyond the state Parliament (Congress) Worker’s councils Ethically desirable Historically inevitable Nation as a whole Workers and their allies The distinction between Marxism and social democracy is the major fault line among socialisms SOCIALISM In defining socialism, the authors note that all socialists share these common features… SOCIALISM a) An optimistic view of human nature – it is changeable and not a barrier to social regulation or ownership. SOCIALISM b) A stress on cooperation – competition exists, but is not the guiding principle. SOCIALISM c) A positive view of freedom – Freedom to, not just freedom from (a material basis of freedom) SOCIALISM d) Support for equality – A basic value in any imaginable or feasible socialist society SOCIALISM The problem of Utopia SOCIALISM All socialists are vulnerable to the charge of utopianism – trying to realize a society that is contrary to human experience and historical development SOCIALISM Socialists disagree as to whether utopianism is a good or bad thing. SOCIALISM While some socialists see Utopia as a good thing, liberals and conservatives regard the notion of Utopia as negative – an irresponsible idealism that is contrary to reality, leading to regimes of a highly oppressive and totalitarian kind.