1 Annotated Bibliography Primary Sources AARP
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1 Annotated Bibliography Primary Sources AARP. "Motown's Fabulous Rise." AARP, American Association of Retired People, 28 Nov. 2018, www.aarp.org/entertainment/music/info-2018/motown-history-photo-gallery.html. This article from AARP provides a photo gallery/timeline of Motown's events throughout the years. I used some of the pictures provided for visuals in my project. All Star Tribute “What’s Going On” What’s Going On. Columbia Records, 2001, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d4KN-bIcdBs I used this video as an example of the influence Motown had on R&B music. Bledsoe, John T. "Little Rock, 1959. Rally at State Capitol." Library of Congress, 1959, www.loc.gov/item/2009632339/. I used this source about the Little Rock Nine protests to show an example of segregation in my project. Britt, Jim. "Motown - Jim Britt Photography." Jim Britt - Photography/Jazz, jimbrittphoto.com/wordpress/motown/#prettyPhoto. Accessed 21 May 2020. This source is a portfolio of Jim Britt's Motown artists photographs he took during his career. I used some images within this source to add visuals to my website, and display artistic photographs of the singers. 2 Egere-Cooper, Matilda. "Berry Gordy: The Man Who Made Motown." Timeout, Time Out Group Pic., 7 Mar. 2016, www.timeout.com/london/music/berry-gordy-the-man-who-made-motown. This is an interview with Berry Gordy provided by Timeout. In this interview, he talks about misconceptions many people had about his company, Motown's progress throughout the years and his experiences with the artists. With this, I can analyze his work ethic and why he was so successful. Ellen, Barbara. "Mary Wilson of the Supremes: 'Motown was like into Disneyland.'" The Guardian, Guardian Media Group, 29 Sept. 2019, www.theguardian.com/music/2019/sep/29/mary-wilson-interview-supremes-glamour-bo ok. In this interview, Mary Wilson, former band-member of The Supremes, talks about the girl group's relationship with each other, as well as their influential fashion and disagreements within the Motown Family. This helps me with my project because I can now compare the artists experiences to put more emphasis into my project. "Elvis Presley - That's All Right/ Blue Moon of Kentucky." Discogs, July 1964, www.discogs.com/Elvis-Presley-Thats-All-Right-Blue-Moon-Of-Kentucky/release/1204 770. Accessed 2 May 2020. One of these tracks, 'That's All Right Mama', was originally written and performed by black guitarist Arthur Crudup. I used the picture of the record that was released by Elvis to show an example of how songs by black artists were re-recorded by white artists and sold more copies. 3 Gordy, Berry. To Be Loved: The Music, the Magic, the Memories of Motown. New York, Warner, 1994. This book written by Berry Gordy himself is a memoir about his life, from his beginnings to his experience founding Motown. I used this source to learn more about Berry Gordy's motivations and beginnings in the context of racism and lack of economic opportunity. Harvers, Richard. "Classic Motown Photo Exhibition - Rare and Unseen Images." UDiscoverMusic, uDiscoverMusic, 27 June 2014, www.udiscovermusic.com/stories/classic-motown-photo-exhibition-rare-unseen-images/. This is an online photo exhibition from uDiscoverMusic about Classic Motown. This provides pictures from the Motown archive of EMI Records. This contributes to my project by helping me obtain more visuals for my project, and to also emphasize on their accomplishments. Hendin, Jim. "'Ain't Too Proud to Beg' - Motown Photography." Hendin Photo Fine Art and Motown Photography, Hendin Photo, 25 Nov. 2012, hendinphoto.com/motown-photography/. This is the official website from Jim Hendin, one of the official Motown Photographers. In this site, he publishes exclusive pictures from when he was the official photographer. I used few of these pictures for visuals in my project 4 "In Pictures: Motown Turns 50." The Guardian, Guardian Media Group, 9 Jan. 2009, www.theguardian.com/music/gallery/2008/dec/23/motown-50. Digital newspaper company The Guardian provides photographs from Motown's artists. This will help my project by adding more visuals. "The Isley Brothers - This Old Heart of Mine." Discogs, Oct. 1966, www.discogs.com/The-Isley-Brothers-This-Old-Heart-Of-Mine/release/659031. Accessed 10 Mar. 2020. This album is an example of Gordy trying to fit in within the white audience by choosing not to put a picture of the artist, instead putting a white couple. J.H, Lawson. People Marching with Signs to Protest Segregation in Education at the College and Secondary Levels. 1939. Library of Congress, Congress, www.loc.gov/item/96515747. Accessed 25 Jan. 2020. This picture from Library of Congress shows black people protesting segregation. I used this to emphasize the racial segregation at the time, to also show that this was also happening with black entertainment. Martha and The Vandellas. “Dancing in the Street” Dancing in the Street. Motown Records, 1965. I used this song to present the quality and skill of Motown Records artists, as well as the use of their platform to show their everlasting talent. 5 Marvin Gaye. “What’s Going On” What’s Going On. Tamla Records, 1972, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fPkM8F0sjSw I used this song to show how some Motown artists used their platform for activism, as well as to showcase their talent. McCann, Ian. "How Motown Broke Racial Barriers like No Other Record Label." uDiscoverMusic, Universal Music Group, 21 Feb. 2019, www.udiscovermusic.com/stories/how-motown-broke-racial-barriers-like-no-other-recor d-label/. uDiscoverMusic provides a source on Motown breaking racial barriers in the music industry. From this I was able to get pictures showing that being overcome in my project Records, Okeh. "Okeh Race Records Form No. 2566." Library of Congress, 1930, <www.loc.gov/item/ihas.200049069/>. This picture from Library of Congress is a picture of a race record cover by Okeh Records around the 1930. With this, I can show an example of African-American music that white people ignored. Stevie Wonder. “Signed, Sealed, Delivered.” Signed, Sealed, Delivered. Tamla Records, 1970. I used this song to give my Resources page multimedia to make it more interactive. The Four Tops. “I Can’t Help Myself (Sugar Pie, Honey Bunch)” Second Album. Motown Records, 1965 I used this song to give my Berry Gordy page some multimedia 6 interaction. I picked this song because it’s a common song that matches with Gordy’s page. The Jackson 5. “I Want You Back” I Want You Back. Motown Records, 1969. I used this to show the talent Motown artists used to overcome the racial barrier. I picked this song for the Impact page because The Jackson 5 were very successful and made an impact on the Pop industry. The Supremes. “Baby Love” Where Did Our Love Go. Motown Records, 1964. I used this song to add multimedia to my Breaking Barriers page, as The Supremes were one of Motown’s most successful girl groups. The Temptations. “My Girl” The Temptations Sing Smokey. Motown Records, 1964. This song, shown in the Thesis page, was used to add multimedia interaction. ‘My Girl’ is one of Motown’s most remembered songs, written by Smokey Robinson. Secondary Sources Armstrong, Don. "The Onyx Story: How an Upstart Music Publisher Advanced the First Rhythm and Blues Aesthetic Part 1." Music Journalism History, WordPress, 27 Apr. 2019, www.donaldearmstrong.com/2019/04/27/the-onyx-story-how-an-overlooked-magazine-p ublisher-shaped-the-reception-of-rhythm-and-blues-and-rock-and-roll/. Although this 7 article is not as relevant to my topic, I did not cite this source for informational purposes. However, it does show how Billboard had also used the term "race music", and made an individual chart for songs over that category. This shows how the music industry did not consider race music to be good enough to put within white songs. "Berry Gordy Jr." Classic Motown, Universal Music Enterprises, classic.motown.com/artist/berry-gordy-jr/. Accessed 24 Aug. 2019. The Classic Motown website is made by Universal Music Enterprises and it includes a timeline about the artists and music's success inspired by Motown music throughout the years. This source includes detailed facts about Berry's accomplishments while he was at Motown. This made me aware of Motown's success and how much recognition it received over time. "Berry Gordy - Motown's Hit-Making Songwriter." Motown Museum, www.motownmuseum.org/story/berry-gordy/. Accessed 15 Aug. 2019. This source is a website coming from the Motown Museum in Detroit, Michigan. It provides a biography about Berry Gordy, founder of Motown Records Corporation and how the company went from just being a record label to being the most successful African-American-owned business in America. This helped me explore and look through Motown's music history. Blakemore, Erin. "How 'Race Records' Turned Black Music into Big Business." History, A Maven Channel, 7 Aug. 2018, www.history.com/news/race-records-bessie-smith-big-bill-broonzy-music-business. This 8 source from History defines race records, a term used for rhythm and blues in the 60s to refer black music. This helps me by understanding why black music was underappreciated by white producers. Boyd, Brian. "Motown Magic Broke Racial Barriers - but at a price ." The Irish Times, Irish Times, 30 Jan. 2009, www.irishtimes.com/culture/motown-magic-broke-racial-barriers-but-at-a-price-1.12380 93. This source from The Irish Times explains how breaking color barriers was a tough challenge for Motown. This helps me by determining the major background details that I can use to elaborate on black artists' struggle to succeed in the music industry.