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Ignacy Jan Paderewski Maja I Jan Łozińscy

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Ignacy Jan Paderewski Maja I Jan Łozińscy Ignacy Jan Paderewski Maja i Jan Łozińscy Ignacy Jan Paderewski 6 „[...] ten Polak “[...] this Pole będzie oceniony will be judged przez historię by history as nie tylko jako jeden one of the greatest z największych representatives reprezentantów not only swojego narodu, of his nation, ale również but also swojego stulecia”. of his century.” Gabriel Hanotaux Gabriel Hanotaux Prolog Prologue 7 Ignacy Jan Paderewski Maja Łozińska „Nie przyszedłem po dostojeństwa, “I have not come for titles, fame or sławę i zaszczyty, lecz aby służyć, ale recognition, but to be a servant, yet nie jakiemuś stronnictwu. Szanuję not of a political party. I respect all wszystkie stronnictwa, lecz nie będę parties, but shall be a member of należał do żadnego. Stronnictwo none. There should be only one party: powinno być jedno: Polska, i temu Poland, and I shall serve it until my jednemu służyć będę do śmierci”. last days.” This was Ignacy Jan Pa- Tę podniosłą deklarację Ignacy Jan derewski’s declaration to his country- Paderewski złożył rodakom, stojąc men, which he made while standing na balkonie hotelu Bristol w mroźny on a balcony of the Bristol Hotel on dzień 2 stycznia 1919 roku. Dopiero a frosty day on 2 January 1919. He co przyjechał do zasypanej śniegiem had just arrived to snow-covered Warszawy witany przez rozentuzja- Warsaw, greeted by cheering crowds. zmowane tłumy. Kilka dni później A few days later, Chief of State Józef naczelnik państwa Józef Piłsudski Piłsudski entrusted him with the mis- powierzył mu misję utworzenia sion of forming a new government. nowego rządu. Nazwisko Paderew- The name of Paderewski — globally skiego – uwielbianego i szanowanego admired and respected as a great na całym świecie wielkiego muzyka – musician — was bound to calm the miało uspokoić napięcie polityczne political storm in the country, win w kraju, zagwarantować przychyl- sympathy for Poland at the upcom- ność dla Polski podczas zbliżającej ing Versailles Peace Conference, and się konferencji pokojowej w Wersalu, ensure economic assistance. Her- a także zapewnić pomoc gospodarczą. bert Hoover, who came to Poland Według relacji Herberta Hoove- together with the American Relief ra, który zjawił się w Polsce wraz Mission at the beginning of January z Amerykańską Misją Żywnościową 1919, reported that the condition of w pierwszych dniach stycznia 1919 the country, which was recovering roku, sytuacja państwa odradzającego from over a century of partitions and się po przeszło stu latach zaborów the horrors of the Great War, was i straszliwej wojnie światowej przed- deeply disturbing: “Here were about stawiała się zatrważająco: „Żyło tu 28 million people who had for four około 28 milionów ludzi przez cztery years been ravaged by four separate lata szarpanych przez cztery różne in- invasions during this one war, where wazje w ciągu tej jednej wojny, której battles and retreating armies had de- bitwy i cofające się armie wielokrot- stroyed and destroyed again… in parts nie siały zniszczenie. Na pewnych seven invasions and seven destruc- terenach było tych inwazji siedem tive defeats. Many thousands died i siedem niszczycielskich odwrotów. of starvation. The homes of millions Wiele setek tysięcy zmarło z głodu. destroyed….” Miliony straciły zniszczone domy…”. When Ignacy Jan Paderewski Kiedy Ignacy Jan Paderewski obej- took office as prime minister of the mował urząd premiera niepodległej independent Republic of Poland, he 8 s. 6. Ignacy Jan p. 6. Ignacy Jan Rzeczypospolitej, miał pięćdziesiąt was fifty-eight. In his Memoirs, he Paderewski, 1883 Paderewski, 1883 osiem lat. W Pamiętnikach przy- recalled his childhood dreams that pomniał swoje chłopięce marzenia, he followed throughout his life: “My którym podporządkował dalsze życie: great hope was to become some- „Miałem nadzieję, że zostanę kimś, body, and so to help Poland. That kimś wybitnym, aby w ten sposób was over and above all my artistic pomóc Polsce – i to było ponad moimi aspirations.” He was born in No- artystycznymi aspiracjami”. Urodził vember 1860 in Podolia in a small się w listopadzie 1860 roku na Podolu, wooden manor house in the village w niewielkim drewnianym dworku we of Kuryłówka near Żytomierz, wsi Kuryłówka nieopodal Żytomierza, where his father, an impoverished gdzie jego ojciec, zubożały szlachcic nobleman, Jan Paderewski, was Jan Paderewski, zarabiał na utrzyma- earning a living as the administra- nie rodziny jako administrator majątku tor of an estate. The boy’s mother, ziemskiego. Matka chłopca, Poliksena Poliksena née Nowicka, died a few z Nowickich, zmarła kilka miesięcy months after he was born. She po jego urodzeniu. Osierociła także also left an almost three-year-old niespełna trzyletnią córkę Antoninę. daughter, Antonina. The January Trudną lekcję patriotyzmu przyniosło Uprising in 1863 came as a difficult rodzeństwu powstanie styczniowe lesson in patriotism for the siblings. 1863 roku. Jan Paderewski wspierał Jan Paderewski supported the oddziały powstańcze, przechowywał insurgents, kept weapons and food broń i aprowizację. Pewnego dnia dom supplies. One day, the house was otoczyła setka konnych kozaków. Jana surrounded by a hundred mount- Paderewskiego, na oczach przerażo- ed Cossacks. Jan Paderewski was nych dzieci, zakuto w kajdany i wywie- handcuffed and taken out in front ziono. Kiedy mały Ignacy próbował of his terrified children. When little pytać o los ojca, w odpowiedzi otrzy- Ignacy wanted to inquire about his mał jedynie kilka uderzeń kozacką father’s fate, all he got in response nahajką. „To pierwsze zetknięcie się were a few strikes with a Cossack z władzą rosyjską wstrząsnęło mną knout. “That first encounter with głęboko i na całe życie – wspominał the Russian authorities came as a po latach. – Razy były bolesne, przecię- shock to me and has stayed with ły skórę, ale poza tym uważałem je za me forever”, he recalled years later. wielką zniewagę mej chłopięcej dumy, “The wounds were painful, my mimo że nie miałem jeszcze czterech skin was cut, and besides I found lat! Zraniły moją duszę”. it deeply insulting to my pride, al- Jan Paderewski pozostał rok w ki- though I was barely four years old! Norbert Schrödl, Norbert Schrödl, jowskim więzieniu. Dzieci przygarnęła They hurt my soul.” Portret młodej Portrait of a Young jego siostra, mieszkająca niespełna sto Jan Paderewski was imprisoned kobiety z różami – Lady with Roses, zapewne matki most probably the kilometrów od Kuryłówki. Dopiero in Kiev for a year. His children were Ignacego Jana Pade- mother of Ignacy Jan w 1867 roku Jan znalazł nową po- taken care of by his sister, living less rewskiego, Polikseny Paderewski, Poliksena sadę administratora i nowy dom dla than a hundred kilometres away z Nowickich, 1864 née Nowicka, 1864 swojej rodziny w Sudyłkowie, małym from Kuryłówka. Only in 1867, did miasteczku na Wołyniu, zamieszkanym Jan find a new administrator job niemal wyłącznie przez ubogą ludność and a new home for his family in żydowską. „Była to bardzo smutna Sudyłków, a small town in Volhynia miejscowość” – wspominał Ignacy inhabited solely by poor Jews. “It Paderewski. Zaledwie kilka kroków was a very gloomy town”, recalled od domu znajdował się żydowski Ignacy Paderewski. A few steps cmentarz. „Musiałem teraz co najmniej away from the house, there was a dwa razy w tygodniu patrzeć z nasze- Jewish cemetery. “At least twice a go ogródka na pogrzeby tamtejszych week, from our garden, I now had biednych Żydów i słuchać zawo- to watch a funeral of some poor dzenia” – dodawał. Chłopiec, dotąd local Jew and heard the lamenting”, zwykle wesoły i pełen energii, popadł he added. Usually cheerful and 9 s. 20–21. p. 20–21. uciekać przed natarczywością najbar- Adored by women, the pianist re- Odsłonięcie pomnika The unveiling of the dziej rozentuzjazmowanych fanek. ceived heaps of love letters, requests Grunwaldzkiego Grunwald Monument na placu Jana on Matejko square Inteligencja, wytworny styl bycia, for his photographs; sometimes, he Matejki w Krakowie. in Kraków. The a przede wszystkim szczególny „ma- even had to escape the overly enthu- Przemawia Ignacy monument sponsor, gnetyzm” – wspominany przez wszyst- siastic, insistent female fans. Paderewski, fundator Ignacy Paderewski, kich, którym było dane osobiście ze- His wit, sophisticated style, but monumentu, 1910 giving a speech, 1910 tknąć się z Paderewskim – zjednywały most of all “magnetism” — noticed mu przyjaciół wśród światowych elit. by everyone who had the chance W Ameryce poznał wielu ważnych to meet him in person — won him polityków i mężów stanu, z wielo- friends among world elites. In the ma przyjaźnił się przez długie lata. USA, he met a number of high-level Spotykał się z Williamem McKinleyem politicians and statesmen and made i Groverem Clevelandem, w Białym long-lasting friends. He would Domu grał dla Howarda Tafta i Theo- spend time with William McKin- dore’a Roosevelta, który uwielbiał ley and Grover Cleveland; in the powieści historyczne Henryka Sienkie- White House, he played for Howard wicza i bardzo interesował się Polską. Taft and Theodore Roosevelt, who Herbert Hoover jeszcze jako student enjoyed Henryk Sienkiewicz’s his- Uniwersytetu Stanforda został „dłuż- torical novels and took a particular nikiem” Paderewskiego. W 1895 roku interest in Poland. As a student at the organizował jego koncert w San José. Stanford University, Herbert Hoover Zbiegiem niepomyślnych okoliczno- incurred a debt to Paderewski. In ści przyszły amerykański prezydent 1895, he organised his concert in nie zdołał jednak uzyskać docho- San José. Unfortunately, the future
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