Spatholobus parviflorus LC Taxonomic Authority: (DC.)Kuntze Global Assessment Regional Region: Global Endemic to region Synonyms No common names available Butea parviflora DC. Butea sericophylla Wall. Spatholobus Benth. Upper Level Taxonomy Kingdom: PLANTAE Phylum: TRACHEOPHYTA Class: MAGNOLIOPSIDA Order: Family: LEGUMINOSAE Lower Level Taxonomy Rank: Infra- rank name: Hybrid Subpopulation: Authority:

General Information Distribution This species has a wide geographic range from Nepal, Bhutan and India through south-east Asia to southern China and Indonesia.

Range Size Elevation Biogeographic Realm Area of Occupancy: Upper limit: 2000 Afrotropical Extent of Occurrence: Lower limit: 200 Antarctic Map Status: Depth Australasian Upper limit: Neotropical Lower limit: Oceanian Depth Zones Palearctic Shallow photic Bathyl Hadal Indomalayan Photic Abyssal Nearctic Population This species has a wide geographic range and is found in a variety of habitats. It tolerates some disturbance, as it is reported from secondary forest. The population is inferred to be large and stable.

Total Population Size Minimum Population Size: Maximum Population Size: Habitat and Ecology This large climber is found in mixed deciduous and dry evergreen forests on slopes and along riverbanks, and also in forest clearings, secondary forest and thickets.

System Movement pattern Crop Wild Relative Terrestrial Freshwater Nomadic Congregatory/Dispersive Is the species a wild relative of a crop? Marine Migratory Altitudinally migrant

Life History Age at Maturity Female: Units for Male: Size at Maturity (in cm) Female: Male: Longevity: Units for Averate Reproductive Units for Reproductive Age: Maximum Size (in cm): Size at Birth (in cm): Gestation Time: Units for Gestation: Generation Length: Justification: Reproductive Periodicity: Average Annual Fecundity or Litter Size: Annual Rate of Population Increase: Annual Rate of Population Increase: Natural Mortality:

Growth From Definition Shrub - large Perennial shrub (>1m), also termed a Phanerophyte (>1m) Tree - size unknown Tree (any size), also termed a Phanerophyte (>1m) Vines Vines, lianas and creepers Threats This is a widespread species with no major threats identified at present. Past Present Future 13 None Conservation Measures No specific conservation measures are in place for this widespread species. It may benefit from existing protected areas, for example, it is listed as common in the Royal Chitwan national park in Nepal (Green 1993). It was not found in available lists of seed bank or botanic garden species.

In Place Needed 4 Habitat and site-based actions 4.4 Protected areas 5 Species-based actions 5.7 Ex situ conservation actions

Countries of Occurrence PRESENCE ORIGIN Year Breeding Non- Passage Possibly Extinct Presence Native Introduced Re- Vagrant Origin Round Season breeding migrant extinct uncertain Introduced uncertain only season only Bangladesh Bhutan Cambodia China India Indonesia Lao People's Democratic Republic Myanmar Nepal Sri Lanka Thailand Viet Nam

General Habitats Score Description Major Importance 1 Forest 1 Suitable Unset 1.5 Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Dry 1 Suitable Unset 1.6 Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland 1 Suitable Unset 1.9 Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane 1 Suitable Unset 3 Shrubland 1 Suitable Unset 3.5 Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry 1 Suitable Unset 3.6 Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical Moist 1 Suitable Unset

Ecosystem Services Insufficient Information available Species provides no ecosystem services

Species Utilisation Species is not utilised at all Purpose / Type of Use Subsistence National International 3. Medicine - human and veterinary 5. Manufacturing chemicals 6. Other chemicals 8. Fibre In northern Thailand the leaves and stems of this species are boiled, with Dicranopteris, and used as a liquid to apply to broken bones as an analgesic (Anderson 1986). In Kerala a leaf paste is used to treat conjunctivitis (Vijayan et al. 2007). Gum extracted from the wood, fibre from the bark and oil from the seeds is reputed to have economic use in Bangladesh (Rezia Khatun 2009)

Trend in the level of wild offtake/harvest in relation to total wild population numbers over the last five years: Trend in the amount of offtake/harvest produced through domestication/cultivation over the last five years: CITES Not listed

IUCN Red Listing Red List Assessment: (using 2001 IUCN system) Least Concern (LC)

Red List Criteria: Date Last Seen (only for EX, EW or Possibly EX Is the species Possibly Extinct? Possibly Extinct Candidate? Rationale for the Red List Assessment The extent of occurrence (EOO) for this species greatly exceeds the critical threshold. The estimated area of occupancy (AOO) and inferred population also exceed the thresholds. It is assessed as Least Concern (LC). Reason(s) for Change in Red List Category from the Previous Assessment: Genuine Change Nongenuine Change No Change Genuine (recent) New information Taxonom Same category Genuine (since first assessment) Knowledge of Criteria Criteria and criteria Incorrect data used Other Same category but previously change in criteria Current Population Trend: Stable Date of Assessment: 24/08/2010 Name(s) of the H.Chadburn Evaluator(s): Notes: % population decline in the past: Time period over which the past decline has been measured for applying Criterion A or C1 (in years or generations): % population decline in the future: Time period over which the future decline has been measured for applying Criterion A or C1 (in years or generations): Number of Locations: Severely Number of Mature Individuals:

Bibliography Anderson, E.F., 1986, Ethnobotany of Hill Tribes of Northern Thailand. II. Lahu Medicinal , Economic Botany4, 442- Green, M.J.B., 1993, Nature Reserves of the Himalaya and the Mountains of Central Asia HKH Conservation portal, 2008, HKH Conservation portal, International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development5 August, Information resource, , Nguyen van Thuan., 1979, Leuminosae () papilionoideae () , Flore du Cambodge, du Laos et du Vietnam., Aubreville, A. & Leroy, J-F, , Museum national D'Histoire Naturelle, Paris Pullaiah, T. and Sri Ramamurthy, K., 2001, Flora of Eastern Ghats, , Regency Publications, New Delhi Rezia Khatun, B.M., 2009, Spatholobus parviflorus, Encyclopedia of Flora and Fauna of Bangladesh, Ahmed, Z.U., , Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Dhaka Ridder-Numan, J.W.A. & Wiriadinata, H, 1985, A Revision of the Genus Spatholobus, Reinwardtia2, 139-205, , Vijayan, A. et al., 2007, Traditional Remedies of Kani tribes of Kottor reserve forest Agasthyavanam, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge4, 589-594, , Wu, Z.Y., Raven, P.H. and Hong, D.Y., 2010, Flora of China Vol. 10 Fabaceae27 July, , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St Loius