Hydrology-geomorphology links in the Kapuas River System
A.J.F. Hoitink1, R.M. Delinom, R.J. Labeur, H.J.A van Lanen, A.J. Teuling, G.S. Haryani, N.S. Ninghih, G.Z. Anshari and Hidayat1,2 1Hydrology and Quantitative Water Management Group, Wageningen University 2Indonesian Institute of Sciences/LIPI
1/20 Motivation Project outline Overview per subproject Outline
Motivation and overview • Outcome East Kalimantan Project • MSc study focussing on the Kapuas • Key topics
Project outline • Overall objective • Partnership • Structure of the project
Overview per subproject • Project 1: terrestrial water cycle • Project 2: hydrological drought and subsurface water • Project 3: channel network modelling • Project 4: river morphology
2/20 Motivation Project outline Overview per subproject Outcome East Kalimantan Project
Study of free morphological behavior
unconstrained rivers of Indonesia
river morphology still poorly understood
progress needs to establish hydrology-geomorphology links
3/20 Motivation Project outline Overview per subproject Outcome East Kalimantan Project Land-ocean interactions
4/20 Motivation Project outline Overview per subproject Outcome East Kalimantan Project Radar-based hydrology mapping
116°E 117°E Open water flood frequency 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0° 8 0° 9 Flood under vegetation flood frequency 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 km 9 0 5 10 20 116°E 117°E
5/20 Motivation Project outline Overview per subproject MSc study focussing on the Kapuas Relation between meandering behavior and land cover
6/20 Motivation Project outline Overview per subproject Elevation map of the Kapuas
7/20 Motivation Project outline Overview per subproject Key topics
Scientific niches and societal relevance
morphology of tropical rivers
drought vulnerability of wetlands: Kapuas Hulu reserve
drought in peat swamp forests resulting in wild fires
river sediment transfer in coastal plains, related to navigation
salt intrusion and flood hazards in channel networks
8/20 Motivation Project outline Overview per subproject Overall objective
Establish and understand the interlinked processes governing the hydrology and geomorphology of the river Kapuas, its delta, the Kapuas Hulu wetland areas and the peatlands connected to the river.
9/20 Motivation Project outline Overview per subproject Partnership
Wageningen University (Hoitink, Van Lanen, Teuling): hydrology, geomorphology
LIPI (Delinom, Haryani, Hidayat): hydrogeology, lake hydrology, aquatic ecology
Institute of Technology Bandung (Ningsih): hydrodynamic modelling
TU Delft (Labeur): hydrodynamic modelling
Tanjungpura University (Anshari): wetland studies and biodiversity
10/20 Motivation Project outline Overview per subproject Project components and timeline
11/20 Motivation Project outline Overview per subproject Project 1: terrestrial water cycle
Main objective Quantify the resilience of the hydrological regime of the Kapuas catchment to changes in land cover and the climate. specific objectives
Collect data on temperature, precipitation, soil moisture dynamics, runoff, lake levels
Achieve a coupled terrestrial hydrology/biogeochemistry model (Community Land Model)
Understand water level dynamics of the Lake Sentarum area
Identify the potential for shifts in the terrestrial hydrological cycle by land cover change / climate change
Identify relations with aquatic ecology
12/20 Motivation Project outline Overview per subproject Workplan
setup Community Land Model
field campaign
model calibration/validation assessment climate/land use change impacts on:
• CO2 balance • water quality • sediment transport
13/20 Motivation Project outline Overview per subproject Project 2: hydrological drought and subsurface water
Main objective Better understand processes of subsurface water dynamics, both at the river basin scale and at the scale of a sub-basin, to find causes of hydrological drought.
Research questions
Which are the factors controlling hydrological drought in the Kapuas basin?
Do peatland forests act as a buffer avoiding low flows?
Can potential conditions for peat fires be expressed in terms of ground water levels?
Which are the key recharge-discharge mechanisms rendering a peatland forest prone to fire?
14/20 Motivation Project outline Overview per subproject Workplan
222 measurement of Radon Rn, rainfall, temperature, water levels, streamflow and conductivity
development of spatially-distributed transient groundwater model investigate recharge-discharge mechanisms governing hyrdrological drought and peat fires at two scales: • locally, at the scale of a peat dome • regionally, at the scale of the river basin
15/20 Motivation Project outline Overview per subproject Project 3: channel network modelling Main objective Increase understanding of processes controlling the division of water and sediment over distributaries impacted by tides, and establish the consequences for delta geomorphology and hydrological extremes.
Research questions
Which mechanisms take control over the division of water and sediment discharge over distributaries in the Kapuas?
Which are the hydro-physical causes of salinity intrusion in the Kapuas lowlands?
Can extreme water level events be predicted from combined hydrodynamic-hydrological modelling?
How will increased sediment loads be distributed over the two main channel junctions in the Kapuas?
16/20 Motivation Project outline Overview per subproject Workplan
measurements of flow, salinity, suspended sediment and bathymetry
development of a multi-scale hydrodynamical model
investigate physical mechanisms under hydrological extremes
development of a local morphodynamical model of a channel junction
reproduce local channel junction morphology
17/20 Motivation Project outline Overview per subproject Project 4: river morphology
Main objective Identify the key environmental factors and hydrodynamic processes controlling changes in meander behaviour apparent in the Kapuas River
Research questions
How does the Kapuas river planform relate to river bed morphology?
Which are the environmental factors causing planform regime changes?
Which are the fluid mechanical processes leading to scour formation in sharp river bends?
How can zigzag behaviour of river planform be explained?
18/20 Motivation Project outline Overview per subproject Workplan
measurements of flow, turbulence, suspended sediment and soil properties
geographical analysis using remote sensing data to understand meandering behavior
reveal physical mechanisms causing sharp bend formation
develop a local morphodynamical model
19/20 Thank you for your attention.
c Wageningen UR
20/20