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[email protected] FORT WORTH, TX Department of Journalism PERMIT 2143 Texas Christian University 2805 S. University Drive TCU Box 298060, Fort Worth Texas, 76129 USA Indexed and e-distributed by: EBSCOhost, Communication Source Database GALE - Cengage Learning International Communication Research Journal Vol. 54, No. 2 . Fall 2019 Research Journal Research Communication International ISSN 2153-9707 ISSN Vol. 54, No. 2 54,No. Vol. Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication inJournalismandMass Education for Association A publication of the International Communication Divisionofthe Communication of theInternational A publication . Fall 2019 Fall International Communication Research Journal A publication of the International Communication Division, Association for Education in Journalism & Mass Communication (AEJMC) Editor Uche Onyebadi Texas Christian University Associate Editors Editorial Consultant Ngozi Akinro Yong Volz Wayne Wanta Website Design & Maintenance Editorial University of Florida Texas Wesleyan University Missouri School of Journalism Editorial Assistant Book Review Editor Jennifer O’Keefe Zhaoxi (Josie) Liu Texas Christian University Editorial Advisory Board Jatin Srivastava, Lindita Camaj, Mohammed Al-Azdee, Ammina Kothari, Jeannine Relly, Emily Metzgar, Celeste Gonzalez de Bustamante, Yusuf Kalyango Jr., Zeny Sarabia-Panol, Margaretha Geertsema-Sligh, Elanie Steyn Editorial Review Board Adaobi Duru Gulilat Menbere Tekleab Mark Walters University of Louisiana, USA Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia Aoyama Gakuin University, Japan Ammina Kothari Herman Howard Mohamed A. Satti Rochester Institute of Technology, USA Angelo State University, USA American University of Kuwait, Kuwait Amy Schmitz Weiss Ihediwa Samuel Chibundu Nazmul Rony San Diego State University USA Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Slippery Rock University, USA Anantha S.