How Are They Doing? J-Turns in the Wild STEW 218CD 9:00 – 9:50 AM Taylor Ruble P.E. INDOT & Alan Holderread P.E. INDOT

r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA First a Quote “Nothing can be said to be certain, except death and taxes … .

r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA First a Quote (2) “Nothing can be said to be certain, except death and taxes … and the public’s resistance to alternative intersections” – Benjamin Franklin 1789

r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA

Source Public Perception / Common Fears • What concerns do you have, or have you heard? • Trucks cannot use them • Farm equipment cannot use them • Will cause more crashes • They work in other states but not in my community • People won’t be able to figure them out • They divert to local • They don’t address the problems, they just move them • They don’t actually make the any safer (they make it worse) • The travel time is increased (especially for emergency vehicles)

Many concerns are rooted in r.,...n Nextlevel FEAR OF CHANGE ~INDIANA Outline • J-Turn Intersection Overview • INDOT J-Turn Locations and Overall Crash Statistics • Site Specific Statistics • US 30 at SR 101 • SR 25 at CR 800 W • US 41/US 150 at Old US 41 and Freelandville Rd. • US 41 at SR 114 • US 231 at SR 68 • US 231 at SR 62 (S Jct) • Conclusion

r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA What is a J-Turn? • An alternative intersection on a divided where the side ’s left turns and through movements are rerouted to a U-turn downstream of the intersection.

r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA What is a J-Turn?

r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA What is the correct name? • What is it actually called? • J-Turn – Through movements and left turns from side street are rerouted to U-turn (Generic/Common name) • RCut – Restricted Crossing U-Turn Intersection (Basically a J-Turn but signalized) • RCI – Reduced Conflict Intersection (Basically a J-Turn but not signalized) • Left– Through movements allowed from all approaches, left turns from all approaches rerouted to U-turns, main intersection and possibly U- turns are signalized • MUT – Median U-Turn Intersection – Whole J-Turn family, including RCut, RCI, and Boulevard Left • Left – (Nickname for a Boulevard Left) r.,...n Nextlevel • – (Nickname for a J-Turn) ~INDIANA BOLD – INDOT Preferred names Median U-Turn Intersections

NORTH DAKOTA Q

7 Montreal ' ® 0 OttSWVJ:l---'---- SOUTH WISCONSIN DAKOTA V ERM• Toron:to 0

I HA WYOM NG ) NEW YORK MASS IOWA .- NEBRASKA ' CT York 0 ILLINOIS OHIO phl ra United Sta.tes NJ Kansas Cilty 0 ! ' COLORADO WEST KANSAS : MISS URI VIRGINIA' KENTUCKY v Nas~,vi'll'e ' OKLAHOMA TENNESSEE

ARKANSAS -( ARIZONA NEW MEXICO Mlanta 0 M SSISS PPI v Pho~n9' GEORGIA :--_~ .---_,,-El Paso . _ ---'--~ ~ EXAS r.,..._n Nextlevel ~INDIANA J1ackso nvillle SONORA \ 0 . __\ ~,in 0 CHIHUAHUA_ ),-._,,_ ' \ San A~tonlo Orl~ndo National Crash Reduction Factors • 44% Reduction in All Crashes - Convert Unsignalized Rural Intersection to Unsignalized J-Turn (Inman and Haas, 2012) • 46% Reduction in All Crashes - Convert Unsignalized Rural Intersection to Unsignalized J-Turn (Hummer Et Al., 2010) • 63% Reduction in Fatal and Injury Crashes - Convert Unsignalized Rural Intersection to Unsignalized J-Turn (Hummer Et Al., 2010) • 35% Reduction in all Crashes – Install Rural J-Turn Intersection (Edara Et Al., 2013) • 54% Reduction in Injury Crashes – Install Rural J-Turn Intersection (Edara Et Al., 2013) • 15-22% Reduction in All Crashes – Convert Signalized intersection to Signalized r.,...n Nextlevel Superstreet (Hummer & Rao, 2017) ~INDIANA Link Crash Patterns Addressed • “Far Side” right angle (Main Crash Pattern) • “Near Side” right angle

r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA Not All Vehicles can use “Two-Stage Crossing” • Semi Trucks do not fit in most medians (72’ Example)

49 ft Crash Patterns Addressed (2) • “Far Side” left turn • “Near Side” left turn

r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA Crash Patterns Addressed (3) • Signal related rearends

r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA Conflict Point Diagram

J-Turn Conflict Points

• Reduce Conflicts = Reduce Crashes • 4Crossin,g ,e ,10Merge C,o vent1ona 11 ntersectio n Conflict Poi n s 10Diverge

• 24 Cr,ossi ng ,e 10 Merge 8 Diverge

r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA

Link Where does INDOT already have RCIs? • US 41 at SR 114 – Newton County (Open 2015) • US 231 at SR 68 – Spencer County (Open 2016) • US 231 at SR 62 (S Jct) – Spencer County (Open 2016) • US 30 at SR 101 – Allen County (Open 2018) • US 41/US 150 at Old US 41 – Knox County (Open 2019) • US 41/US 150 at Freelandville Rd – Knox County (Open 2019) • SR 25 at CR 800 W – Carroll County (Open 2019)

r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA How are Indiana RCIs Operating Overall? • Using simple before and after comparison of crashes • Equal number of before years and after years at each site • Based on 4 sites with a total of 11 site-years before and after • Each site has been installed for at least a year

66% Reduction in 78% Reduction in Fatal All Crashes and Injury Crashes

r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA Overview of Each Indiana RCI

US 30 at SR 101

r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA US 30 at SR 101 – Fort Wayne, Allen County • Contract R-39636 • CN $890,683 • First Day of Work 5/11/18 • Substantially Complete 12/19/18

r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA

Link US 30 at SR 101 – Fort Wayne, Allen County (2)

■ 0 1ctober 2017 SR 101 AADT: 1,775

us 30

AADT: 15,650 r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA

Link US 30 at SR 101 – Fort Wayne, Allen County (3)

r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA

Link Overview of Each Indiana RCI (2)

US 30 at SR 101 Crashes

r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA US 30 at SR 101 – Fort Wayne, Allen County (4) • Initial Concerns • Long Delays (Semis) • Crash Pattern for Crossing Traffic • Semis stopping in median and blocking US 30

r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA

Link US 30 at SR 101 – Fort Wayne, Allen County (5) • Crash History 2011-2017 R 101 • 32 Total Crashes • 16 Injury Crashes • 19 Right Angle Crashes • 12 Far Side Right Angle Side Right Angle Coll'sions

Link US 30 at SR 101 – Fort Wayne, Allen County (6) • Crashes before and after the J-turn was installed

Number of Inc. Injury Number of Non-Inc Injury Year Total Number of Crashes Number PDO Crashes Crashes Crashes

2017 5 1 2 2

2019 1 0 0 1

Reduction 4 1 2 1

% Reduction 80.00% 100.00% 100.00% 50.00%

r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA Overview of Each Indiana RCI (3)

US 30 at SR 101 Traffic Volumes

r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA US 30 at SR 101 – Fort Wayne, Allen County (7) • Traffic Volumes • -19% in ADT on side street from April 2018 to December 2018 • -11.5% in AADT on side street from April 2018 to December 2018 (Control for Seasonal Factors) • Possible diversion? Possible count too close to end of project?

r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA Overview of Each Indiana RCI (4)

US 30 at SR 101 Public Comments

r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA US 30 at SR 101 – Fort Wayne, Allen County (8) • Public comments • Very negative initial responses • No negative comments after • Some positive feedback after

AftAr Before After

I use, it a few times a day in a semi he,re, is not sufficient roo1m for a sem1i 1d with no issues. It sav,es. me at l,east to without both make a u turn using 10 minut,es. a day by not having to 1 and causing traffic to slow to wait for both lanes of traffic to be avoid acddents clear. 51 w Like Reply 2m ike Reply Message r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA Overview of Each Indiana RCI (5)

US 30 at SR 101 Design

r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA US 30 at SR 101 – Fort Wayne, Allen County (8) • Design– Takeaway (Dana Plattner, INDOT Fort Wayne DTE) • Engage Stakeholders Early • Side street traffic should turn straight into left turn lanes for U turns • 10’ inside adjacent to left turn for U turn (for farm equipment)

r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA US 30 at SR 101 – Fort Wayne, Allen County (9)

r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA

Link Overview of Each Indiana RCI (6)

SR 25 at CR 800 W

r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA SR 25 at CR 800 W– Delphi, Carroll County • Contract R-41036 • CN $1,288,300

Cal • First Day of Work 3/20/19 Brookston (ill) Springboro@ &ill Delphi @ • Substantially Complete 9/7/19 @ @ ,A,~ Q: ~ @ill ,w>f .. Ash Grove ® ...... w Americus - @ Colburn Battle Ground ® Radnor SouthSouth ofof Delphi Delphi @ Buck Cree k Ockley

Pyrmont @ Owasco @ cm West Lafayette Lafayette w @ Pettit Edna Mills ® Rossville @:

cm @ @ @ill Shadeland Dayton @ Cambria www..com/maps Wv::iinnnt F!..t i 1lh.or-n• ho'! SR 25 at CR 800 W– Delphi, Carroll County (2)

r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA www.google.com/maps Overview of Each Indiana RCI (7)

SR 25 at CR 800 W Traffic Volumes

r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA SR 25 at CR 800 W– Delphi, Carroll County (2)

Traffic Volumes [ ] 8GD res • - ota_ : • -42% in ADT on side street from October I n : 2 Ou.a; : 538 2016 to February 2020 ...... • -26% in AADT on side street from October I 2016 to February 2020 (Control for Seasonal 34 Factors and Neg Growth) ,-I s:tr' N <:II s:tr' ., 23 <:J.I' \ \ E-< a (") E-< \0 <:II ~ e:li' .•. 32 +J i:::: ;:1 a

..... N C!J c-1] N

Ou-: ::: 5 _ _ n : 3 T <;al : 733 Link [SJ OOCl :11 est Overview of Each Indiana RCI (8)

SR 25 at CR 800 W Crashes

r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA SR 25 at CR 800 W– Delphi, Carroll County (3) • Before 13-18 • 2.5 Injuries + Fatalities per year avg • 3.8 crashes per year avg • After (5 months) (Didn’t include in statewide total) • 0 Crashes

Type of 2013- Yearly 5 Month Yearly Reduction Crash 2018 Average After Average Total Total After

PDO 8 1.33 0 0 100% Non-Inc 4 0.67 0 0 100% Injury Inc Injury 8 1.33 0 0 100% r.,...n Nextlevel Fatal 3 0.5 0 0 100% ~INDIANA Total 23 3.83 0 0 100% Overview of Each Indiana RCI (9)

SR 25 at CR 800 W Public Comments

r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA SR 25 at CR 800 W– Delphi, Carroll County (3)

CARR'OLL CO U TY, Ind. (WLFI) - The Ca rroll Co unt y fu.he11iff is by ing to stop a J-turn!from being i 1s all ed at a dangerous int ersect" on.

Howeve.-; many peop le, including Sherif Tobe Leazenby, are aga·nst i . They believe Ia J-h m co ulld add con usiion~o wha is already a dangerous int e.-sec ion.

~I've had a son-in-law hat was involved in an accident at t ha iin ersection and to me, I just don' feel like a J-t um is t he answer for hat int eirsectio 1, said Chuis Nipple told

Locall res ide t Mike Harbeck, who is opposed to IN DO T's plan, said it i~ a te mi ble idea I and the state would bel"settling" drive rs "up for more crashes'I at the intersection. Another local resident, Jonella Beal,e said she has lkept statistics by just watching the traffic fmm her deck which has a view oft e intersecro . She said 011e out of five drivers do 11ot stop when they are traveling ~rom Dellphi to Lafayette.

Seward, who was the only rep resentative from the City of Delphi at the mee ing1, said the J-Tum wou ld be bad for fa rmers and!bad for the community. ~ ,e said ev,ery intersection has crashes. Seward said growth ca11 happen for Delphi near the area and indicated the sollution o ~he situation at the intersection must tie done correctly.

was true I cou ldn't see and I can. They want to make this Rita Wiseman 2 years ago intersectio~ more dangerous and cause more fatal crashe3 And I th ink this is al....va -s-te_o_f m- o-n-ey.... ~ nd youfvill have people con fused. tt will alt restrict fa rmers and bus I do unnecessary roa k construction to ta ke money out of Carroll drivers from using it... counties residents pockets. Please help me stop theJ turn. STOP

Q1 THE J TURNl!!!!l! https://www.wlfi.com/content/news/Carroll-County-sheriff-tries-to-stop-J-turn-installation-at-dangerous-intersection-484918601. Overview of Each Indiana RCI (10)

US 41/US 150 at Old US 41 and Freelandville Rd

r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA US41/US150 (2 Locations)– Oaktown, Knox Co. • At Old US 41 and Freelandville Rd • Contract R-38708 • CN $1,235,532 • First Day of Work 6/3/19 • Substantially Complete 9/9/19 Locations Locations 150'

E Freelal'lllv Rd Oaktown

www.google.com/maps US41/US150 (2 Locations)– Oaktown, Knox Co. (2)

www.google.com/maps Overview of Each Indiana RCI (11)

US 41/US 150 at Old US 41 and Freelandville Rd Crashes r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA US41/US150 (2 Locations)– Oaktown, Knox Co. (3) • Before 14-18 • 5 Injuries + Fatalities per year avg • 11.6 crashes per year avg • After (5 months) (Didn’t include in statewide total) • 2 Crashes

Type of 2014-2018 Yearly 5 Month Yearly Reduction Crash Total Average After Total Average After PDO 33 6.6 1 2.4 64% Non-Inc 4 0.8 1 2.4 -200% Injury Inc Injury 19 3.8 0 0 100% r.,...n Nextlevel Fatal 2 .4 0 0 100% ~INDIANA Total 58 11.6 2 4.8 59% Overview of Each Indiana RCI (12)

US 41/US 150 at Old US 41 and Freelandville Rd Volumes r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA US41/US150 (2 Locations)– Oaktown, Knox Co. (4)

"Cl Ir 0 ~ l ~ i ...344 :z: - ~• 0 ~ \

SI

z

m~ .,3 %1 0.. E Free lancfvme Rd

r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA Overview of Each Indiana RCI (13)

US 41/US 150 at Old US 41 and Freelandville Rd Public Comments r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA US 41/US150 Oaktown

"I said if you guys were going fo go ahead with it I'd move! Just so you now I sold my house! I am moving because I do n't want my ids crossing that," Brandon Grotegudh, an 0 a fown resident said.

He's just one of t he many people who spoke Wednesday at he public hearing.

He says the intersection is dangero us and something should be don4, but t he plan INDOT has made isn"t t he '1ight t hing.j

"It's not very good " Grotegudl1 said. "We t hin we're just jmoving t he kill zo ne f rorn one place to another.'1

lost of the people liiving t her,daren' l1appy abou the change but almost everyo ne who spo e said they eel llike t hey don't have a say if it happens or not "

r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA

Link US 41 at SR 114 – Morocco, Newton County

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50

r.,...n Nextlevel t ~INDIANA Interstate Highways

D 50Miles US 41 at SR 114 – Morocco, Newton County (2)

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r.,...n Nextlevel I rI , ~INDIANA I t= ~ ,141 j, f- ~ US 41 at SR 114 – Morocco, Newton County (3) • Contract T-33906 • CN $427,193 • April-June 2015 Construction

r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA US 41 at SR 114 – Morocco, Newton County (4)

US 41 5035 40% HV 2015 AADTs

CR 400 S 1474 12% HV SR 114 2720 40% HV

US 41 4803 r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA 31% HV US 41 at SR 114 – Morocco, Newton County (5)

r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA Overview of Each Indiana J Turn

US 41 at SR 114 Before Crashes

r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA US 41 at SR 114 – Morocco, Newton County (6) • Sustained Public Concerns • Narrow Median • Slotted Left Confusion • 2008 through Mid-2015 Crashes • WB hit by SB • Scarce Mainline-Left Crashes • Scattered by Approach/Trend • 7 of 12 injury/fatal crashes were farside • 32 Crashes Total

r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA Overview of Each Indiana J Turn (2)

US 41 at SR 114 After Crashes

r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA US 41 at SR 114 – Morocco, Newton County (7)

r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA US 41 at SR 114 – Morocco, Newton County (8) • Mid-2015 through Mid-2019 Crashes • WB Right-Turn Rearends • SB Left-Turn (only injury crash) • NB to SB U-Turn • 7 Crashes Total • Checked Adjacent Intersections • No Trend

r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA US 41 at SR 114 – Morocco, Newton County (9)

ANNUAL CRASH RATE, 4 years before and after June 15, 2015

ALL CRASHES Before J-Turn 5.5 Reduction

After J-Turn 1.75 68%

INJURY CRASHES Before J-Turn 2.25 Reduction

After J-Turn 0.25 89%

r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA Overview of Each Indiana J Turn (3)

US 41 at SR 114 Traffic Volumes

r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA US 41 at SR 114 – Morocco, Newton County (10) • Traffic Volumes, Entering AADTs • Overall Increase 18% • Decrease in WB Entering

ENTERING TRAFFIC 2011 2015 2017 EB 706 722 780 + WB 1314 1270 980 - NB 2359 2396 3391 + SB 2467 2567 2946 +

SUM 6846 6955 8097 + r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA US 41 at SR 114 – Morocco, Newton County (11) • Traffic Volumes • Decrease in WB Entering the Intersection • Decrease in WB AADTs Along the Corridor

2011 1314 1427 1346 1627 2015 1270 1185 1219 1421 2017 980 978 975 1270

301 ■ Morocco 6 49r2 1 493 ■ ■ County Rll-400 S

t r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA Overview of Each Indiana J Turn (4)

US 41 at SR 114 Public Comments

r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA US 41 at SR 114 – Morocco, Newton County (12)

• Public comments –2015 Opening

“I see how these could work, but not here.”

“You will have blood on your hands.”

r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA US 41 at SR 114 – Morocco, Newton County (13)

• Public comments – 2016 One Year of Operations • Phil If you like to see people scratching their heads. Making errors. And laughing their heads off. It is great. The only people that would like that would be the three stooges. Who probably designed it • Debbie We call those Michigan turns up here! Better than the round abouts they are now doing! • Regina wish they would have kept them i Michigan ! lol • Debbie Regina I hear ya! When I get to the stupid round abouts here, I close my eyes, hold my breath, grip the steering wheel, say a prayer and hope for the best! • Melanie Worse engineer idea ever! • Jackie I think it works fine. r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA US 41 at SR 114 – Morocco, Newton County (14)

• Public comments – 2018 Three Years of Operation

D e le-..--..-- Sadly t e lanes a 1 · nd 114 a~e to s ort to se th em prope ly a · there a re sti II lanes through · e · ed ia n c · co ses eqple ho are unfan1ir r it the ·ntersec tion. This leads to · 1a y . re g way dri e . an t c 6';tks . p hen t ere is ore ·than 2 sem· ·• · ing to tu

· e n1udh :·ails : : · to eople neeci lQ to learn1ho to se em. I have see some ·ratty da rLQ1e UiS miai eu · ers fro 1 car: · and semis a 4 1 and 114s j tum Peo. Ie i · ra rs that just seem com · etely confused a rt · t ck d ·i vers who s · ou:I ·. o pulling out i · runt of 'Ir ·

r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA US 41 at SR 114 – Morocco, Newton County (15)

• Public comments – 2018 Three Years of Operation

JT__ Yes. .,, thank you'~llhey haVie those all over Mltchiga n a rtd 1hey el ssa INJow thalt I have beet11 fa i liariz.ed lh file ideology rarely. if ever have a crasM Easy breezy turning_ Now. Let's i nstaU behind this interned-on II LOVE itl~ ~I literally O:NLY have to pay them oo US JO i 1· erril lv.i 1,e to, help flll,e traffic ftow11! !I!! Thos,e traffic atterrfiion 'to ONE direction of ·traffic a1: a 'time as o . posed to trying to ffights are b3dly timed and arefll't in sync fur smoolli flo of traffic .. time out the ,gap af!ld ho;pc g so· eorte isn't ,go-ng faster than 8 Like - Repty· - 1y ___ See More

lau ___ I drive in Michigan a(I the time and they ~ k great. li"ve beerri saying for years, that they need them ,on 30 from va~po, to the Hlinois line on 30 ..

Like · Reply - 1y

eremy l..... --- ~I agr1ee 100%, EVier sinoe I l,eam,ed of th,ese types of turns in colleg,e II i mn ediately lhoug ht of !Route 30 3 Like · Rep ny - 1Iy

Steve D I totally agree ... 2 Like · Rep ny · 1Iy r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA Terri I.... __> ____ I Agree !! Like - Re US 41 at SR 114 – Morocco, Newton County (16)

• Public comments – 2018 Three Years of Operation

Corrie ...... ,..,,..,,.....-11 will sa y, as the fir,e chief of t he fir,e departm ent and I would also sup port a J turn at SR 1-4 and US 41 as the n umber of the oounl)r coroner th at covers th e SR 1114 an d US 4'1 J tu rn , that I serious in jury- crashes 11as increased at th at locamo n _

\ 1.ras initi a Il y sk,epti cal t o J turn effec Uve n ess an d oo noerne d that it y concern is t he '!illro ng way- driv,e,rs . The number of wro ng way­ would ca use mor,e crashes. drive rs has in cr,ease di through t he i ni ers,e.otion which will ,even tu a Il y Sin oe the J turns have been added, the re h av,e been l\ivo person a I msu It in the death of trave Iers on 41. injury eras hes. One min or an d one \lvit:h serious in juries as result I What I think would benefit is to force traffic e right ,di rection with a can honestly say both crash es th at occu rre di th ere \lvould have u, divider on -400 S turning south bound and 1' 14 t u ming o ccu rre d reg a rd less of the int,ersection sty Ie or type, more than like~r northbound. May be ev,en painted arrows an d in stru oti ons on the would have occurred whether it was the old in erseciion ro adway. The sign ev,en th ough is huge, alone is not efifeotive. confi guration, new configurat ion or if th ere we re a stop Ii g hrt at the People don't pay attention to it or t he right turn only signs. intersection_ ID rainag e of he median needs to be addressed as water rap idly Sin oe their p Ia cement I have been on zero fat a I a cd dents to the pools ti, ere and is deifi n ite ly- a hazard in w·i nt,er and ra in conditions. intersection_

From \1i1 hat I've seen semi's an d larger vehicles only· get stuck when The sudden ,drop of crashes there is not co incidental. ifs obviously­ they- cross t he i n~ers,eotion in th e wrnn g crossovers . I th e''.l read an di effecitive. follow the sign th ere is pl enrty of room to ma k:e the tu ms. A ..._, 5 Northbo un d and Southbo un d drivers need to a pprieciate the spe e.d Uke - Repri,r · 1y .._,_,, limit decre ase andl I am in favor of the speed lirnit being dropped through t he inters,eotion fo r traffi c on US 4'1_ Actu ally a drop in speed limits fro m North of 30 0 West to 500 South wou Id improve the ov,erall r.,...n Nextlevel safety of that st retch of (with mor,e crashes occurrin g north of ~INDIANA the overp ass and at 350 South). Overview of Each Indiana J Turn (5)

US 41 at SR 114 Design

r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA US 30 at SR 114 – Morocco, Newton County

Z22S e ..- 1 '.ml ffil.J. fill - ~ I

- ---- ■ __J .

...... -111•1! 1© - ® ® ➔• RH ~ @, ...,_,.,,,,.,., = 0, ® ~ !16'1 Hl

r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA US 41 at SR 114 – Morocco, Newton County (18)

r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA US 231 at SR 62/68 – Dale, Spencer County

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r.,...n Nextlevel t ~INDIANA Interstate Highways

D 50Miles US 231 at SR 62/68 – Dale, Spencer County (2)

1 "

,, ERRY~ ' ,·,, ~• 'l/

~ -~ ' & j ~ - //0},~ '

r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA US 231 at SR 62/68 – Dale, Spencer County (3) • Contract R-38236 • CN $2,498,885 • Construction • November 2015-June 2016

r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA US 231 at SR 62/68 – Dale, Spencer County (4)

SR 62/68 SR 68 2794 1448 4% HV 2011 8% HV AADTs

US 231 5754 29% HV Washington St 1900 4% HV

SR 62 r.,...n Nextlevel 1207 ~INDIANA 7% HV US 231 at SR 62/68 – Dale, Spencer County (5)

Thermwood

LJ r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA Overview of Each Indiana J Turn (6)

US 231 at SR 62/68 Before Crashes

r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA US 231 at SR 62/68 – Dale, Spencer County (6) • High-Profile Crashes • Urgent Public Concerns SR 62/Washington St • 2012-2014 Crashes • 5 Crashes Total • 4 were injury

r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA US 231 at SR 62/68 – Dale, Spencer County (7) • High-Profile Crashes • Urgent Public Concerns SR 62/68 • 2012-2014 Crashes • 22 Crashes Total • 13 were injury

r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA Overview of Each Indiana J Turn (7)

US 231 at SR 62/68 After Conditions

r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA US 231 at SR 62/68 – Dale, Spencer County (8)

r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA US 231 at SR 62/68 – Dale, Spencer County (9) • 2017-2019 Crashes SR 62/Washington St • 1 Crash Total, 0 Injury

r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA US 231 at SR 62/68 – Dale, Spencer County (10)

SR 62/Washington St

ALL CRASHES Before J-Turn (2012-2014) 5 Reduction

After J-Turn (2017-2019) 1 80%

INJURY CRASHES Before J-Turn (2012-2014) 1 Reduction

After J-Turn (2017-2019) 0 100%

r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA US 231 at SR 62/68 – Dale, Spencer County (11) • 2017-2019 Crashes • 7 Crashes Total, 4 injury SR 62/68

r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA US 231 at SR 62/68 – Dale, Spencer County (12)

SR 62/68

ALL CRASHES Before J-Turn (2012-2014) 22 Reduction

After J-Turn (2017-2019) 7 68%

INJURY CRASHES Before J-Turn (2012-2014) 13 Reduction

After J-Turn (2017-2019) 4 69%

r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA Overview of Each Indiana J Turn (8)

US 231 at SR 62/68 Traffic Volumes

r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA US 231 at SR 62/68 – Dale, Spencer County (13)

AADTs ENTERING - - TRAFFIC 2011 2019 EB 724 662 - WB 1424 1186 - + EB 630 732 +

r.,...n Nextlevel WB 923 1056 + ~INDIANA + Overview of Each Indiana J Turn (9)

US 231 at SR 62/68 Public Comments

r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA US 231 at SR 62/68 – Dale, Spencer County (14)

• Public comments –Prior to Opening

“spoke about the difficulties navigating a j-turn would present for large and slow-moving farm machinery to get to fields during planting and harvesting seasons” “cost shouldn’t be a consideration when it comes to saving lives…he didn’t believe that the j-turn configuration was the best choice after listening to the presentation”

“the community deserves a strong, proactive approach from INDOT and I’m just not seeing this from this proposal”

“I don’t like them. I think it’ll be more of a confusion for people”, the fire chief said…”in an emergency situation, every second counts”

• “Residents have proposed other plans in lieu of the J- r.,...n Nextlevel turn…constructing an or an …they’re ~INDIANA effectively putting a price on a human life and obviously we have a problem with that.” US 231 at SR 62/68 – Dale, Spencer County (15)

• Public comments –Six Months of Operation

“"As far as I know, there haven't been any serious accidents at that intersection," Spencer County Sheriff Jim McDurmon said. "It really did the trick for what the state designed it to do."

“When you come up to make that U-Turn, you have to stop and look again and you're facing that traffic, you don't have to worry about the left and the right.“ Overall, McDurmon thinks the J-Turn intersections work, but there have been a few reports of people still going straight through the intersections. He does think the J- Turn intersection style can be inconvenient, though.”

“By implementing the J-Turn intersections, it's brought a lot of awareness to the intersection," Sgt. Phillip Hensley said. "(The locals) are on to it, and they've been doing a good job and staying r.,...n Nextlevel safe with it. ... The goal of it is kind of coming through."” ~INDIANA US 231 at SR 62/68 – Dale, Spencer County (16)

• Public comments –Three Years of Operation

“From my position as the Transportation Director, I feel it is much safer. I don’t think there’s any doubt that J-turns improve the safety of a certain area. I haven’t heard any concerns from the bus drivers. That small amount of inconvenience is not even a question of the fact that they’ve improved our area. We used to have a big problem in this area with frequent accidents and several fatalities but now accidents are rare and to my knowledge we have not had a fatality since the J-turns were installed. I think this was a big improvement for our community.” – Marc Schum, Transportation and Facilities Director for North Spencer County School Corp.

“The Town Of Dale have two J-turns on State Highway 231. Before installing the J-turns there were several fatalities and a large number of wrecks. Since the installation, thankfully we have not had any fatalities. When first introduced to the J-turns there was much concern and opposition toward them. We have become accustomed to the J-turns. We believe they have r.,...n Nextlevel improved the safety of the 231 highway.” – Cindy Morrison, Town of Dale Clerk Treasurer ~INDIANA Overview of Each Indiana J Turn (10)

US 231 at SR 62/68 Design

r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA US 30 at SR 62/68 – Dale, Spencer County

U.S. 2Jl (Soolhb:,und 1Lzn15), {O>n(J

r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA US 30 at SR 62/68 – Dale, Spencer County (17)

r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA

.a a. J 1850N How Are They Doing?

J-Turns in the Wild Wrap-Up

r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA Public Perception / Common Fears (2) • Common Concerns…Debunked?

• Trucks cannot use them • Farm equipment cannot use them • Will cause more crashes • They work in other states but not in my community • People won’t be able to figure them out • They divert traffic to local roads • They don’t address the problems, they just move them • They don’t actually make the intersection any safer • The travel time is increased (especially for emergency vehicles)

r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA Indiana Reduced Conflict Intersections: J-Turns

78% Reduction Fatal and Injury Crashes

66% Reduction All Crashes

r.,...n Nextlevel ~INDIANA