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Schnellrecherche Der SFH-Länderanalyse Vom 7

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Schnellrecherche Der SFH-Länderanalyse Vom 7 Schnellrecherche der SFH-Länderanalyse vom 7. Oktober zu Irak: Sicherheitslage im Distrikt Zakho Frage an die SFH-Länderanalyse: Wie ist die aktuelle Sicherheitslage im Distrikt Zakho? Die Informationen beruhen auf einer zeitlich begrenzten Recherche (Schnellrecher- che) in öffentlich zugänglichen Dokumenten, die uns derzeit zur Verfügung stehen. 1 Sicherheitslage im Distrikt Zakho Unzumutbarkeit des Wegweisungsvollzuges in die KRG-Region (Nordirak). Wie in der Auskunft der Schweizerischen Flüchtlingshilfe (SFH) zur Sicherheitssituation in der KRG-Region vom 28. Oktober 2014 und dem Update zur Sicherheitssituation in der KRG-Region vom 28. März 2015 beschrieben, ist die dortige humanitären Lage weiterhin äusserst prekär und die Sicherheitssituation nach wie vor instabil. Die Posi- tion der SFH bleibt unverändert. Sie hält an den von ihr geforderten Massnahmen fest: «In der neuesten und am 27. Oktober 2014 publizierten Position zu Rückführungen in den Irak empfiehlt das UNHCR klar und unmissverständlich, von Rückführungen in den Irak generell abzusehen, bis sich die Sicherheitslage nachhaltig verbessert hat. Die SFH schliesst sich – auch aufgrund eigener Recherchen und Einschätzung – die- ser Position an und fordert speziell für den Nordirak (KRG-Region), dass betroffene Personen angesichts der angespannten und unsicheren Situation zumindest eine vor- läufige Aufnahme wegen Unzumutbarkeit des Wegweisungsvollzugs erhalten. Für ab- gelehnte Asylsuchende aus dem Irak fordert die SFH zumindest ein Moratorium für zwangsweise Rückführungen» (SFH, IRAK: Sicherheitssituation in der KRG-Region, 28. Oktober 2014; SFH, IRAK: Update: Sicherheitssituation in der KRG -Region, 28. März 2015; SFH, Dramatische Lage Irak, 12. November 2014). Politische Krise in der KRG-Region seit August 2015. Wie schon in der Auskunft zur Sicherheitssituation in der KRG-Region vom 28. Oktober 2014 beschrieben, neh- men Spannungen zwischen kurdischen Parteien zu. Verschiedene neuere Quellen be- richten, dass sich die Region Kurdistan seit dem offiziellen Ende der Amtszeit von Präsident Masoud Barzani am 19. August 2015 in einer politischen Krise befindet. Laut Informationen der International Crisis Group vom 1. September 2015 stellten sich zwei der stärksten Parteien der Region, Gorran und die Patriotische Union Kurdistans (PUK), gegen eine dritte Amtszeit Barzanis. Sie entwarfen ein Gesetz, welches dem Parlament erlauben würde, einen neuen Präsidenten zu wählen. Radio Free Eu- rope/Radio Liberty berichtete am 21. August 2015 ebenfalls, dass Barzanis Mandat ohne die Zustimmung der rivalisierenden Parteien seine Amtszeit zu verlängern ab- gelaufen ist. Zwar schlug keine der Parteien einen Alternativkandidaten vor, mehrere Faktionen weigerten sich jedoch einer Verlängerung zuzustimmen, solange Barzani keine Veränderungen im politischen System umsetzt, wodurch seine Macht reduziert würde. Diese Veränderungen hat Barzanis Demokratische Partei Kurdistans jedoch bislang verweigert. Türkische Angriffe gegen die Kurdische Arbeiterpartei (PKK) in der KRG-Region seit Juli 2015. Laut verschiedenen Quellen fliegt die türkische Armee Luftangr iffe in der KRG-Region gegen die PKK seit im Juli 2015 der historische Konflikt zwischen der Türkei und der PKK erneut eskaliert ist. Auslöser war ein Selbstmordattentat in der Grenzstadt Suruç (Türkei), welches der Terrororganisation Islamischer Staat (IS) zugeschrieben wird. Laut eines Berichts von Amnesty International vom 11. August 2015 begann die türkische Armee am 24. Juli 2015, Luftangriffe gegen die PKK in der KRG-Region zu fliegen. Auch weitere Quellen wie Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty und BGN News berichten von im Norden des Irak durchgeführten türkischen Luftan- griffen gegen die PKK, welche viele Todesopfer gefordert haben. Zivile Opfer bei türkischen Luftangriffen gegen die PKK. Gemäss eines Berichts vom 1. August 2015 von Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty hat Präsident Masoud Barzani die PKK-Kämpfer schon kurz nach Beginn der Angriffe dazu aufgerufen, die Region zu verlassen, damit es durch türkische Luftangriffe nicht zu Opfern unter der Zivilbevölkerung kommt. Das Kurdische Mediennetzwerk Rudaw zitiert in einem Arti- kel vom 13. August den kurdischen Aussenminister Ibrahim Jaafari, wonach die türki- schen Angriffe ohne Einverständnis der irakischen Regierung geflogen worden seien. Die Angriffe verbreiteten Angst und Schrecken in der Bevölkerung der Zielgebiete und würden Todesfälle in der Zivilbevölkerung und grosse Schäden verursachen. Amnesty International (AI) berichtete am 11. August 2015 von acht getöteten und acht verletzen Personen nach türkischen Luftangriffen im Kandil-Gebirge. Die getroffenen Personen unterhielten laut Informationen von AI keine Verbindungen zur PKK. Laut Zeugenaus- sagen trugen die Opfer zivile Kleidung und es wurden keine Waffen am Zielort gesich- tet. Ausserdem seien viele Verwandte und Ersthelfer, welche nach de m ersten Angriff zu Hilfe eilten, durch weitere Attacken getötet oder verletzt worden. Die zehn von AI gesichteten zerstörten Häuser seien von Peschmerga-Kämpfern oder Zivilisten be- wohnt gewesen. Reuters berichtete am 20. August 2015 ebenfalls über viele zivile Opfer, welche die türkischen Luftangriffe gegen die PKK in der KRG-Region forderten. Wegen der weitgespannten Präsenz der kurdischen Kämpfer im Norden Iraks, die sich gemäss deren eigener Aussage «überall zwischen dem Schwarzen Meer und Sinjar» aufhalten, ist die Zivilbevölkerung oft Gewalt ausgesetzt. So berichtet Reuters über einen 42-jährigen Familienvater, der auf dem Nachhauseweg von den Bergen durch einen türkischen Luftangriff getroffen und schwer verletzt wurde. PKK im Distrikt Zakho präsent. Auch wenn die Hauptlager der PKK sich im Kandil- Gebirge an der Grenze zu Iran befinden, birgt der Distrikt Zakho wie auch andere Distrikte der Provinz Dohuk ebenfalls PKK-Lager. Von der starken Präsenz der PKK in der Provinz Dohuk wird in einem am 9. September auf BGN News erschienenen Artikel berichtet. Gemäss dieser Quelle sagte Khalil Mohamed, der Gouverneur des Zakho Distrikts, dass 115 der 184 Dörfer seines Distrikts aufgrund der errichteten PKK-Lager «nicht mehr zugänglich» seien. Verschlechterte Sicherheitslage in Zakho wegen Luftangriffen der Türkei gegen die PKK. Gemäss verschiedenen Quellen ist die Region Dohuk Ziel von türkischen Angriffen gegen die PKK geworden. Nalia Radio and Television, ein unabhängiges und von freiberuflichen Journalisten gegründetes Mediennetzwerk, berichtete am 2 9. Juli 2015, dass mindestens sieben türkische Jets Gebiete rund um Zakho bombardiert Irak – Sicherheitslage im Distrik Zakho – Schnellrecherche – 7. Oktober 2015 Seite 2 von 11 hätten. Bewohner der Stadt berichteten, dass die durch die Angriffe verursachten Er- schütterungen bis auf zehn Kilometer Entfernung zu spüren gewesen seien. Rudaw, ein kurdisches von der Rudaw Company gestütztes Mediennetzwerk, berichtete am 13. August 2015, dass laut eines kurdischen Parlamentsausschuss, welcher die von türkischen Luftangriffen betroffene Region besucht hatte, die grössten Schäden in den Distrikten Zakho und Amedi in der Provinz Dohuk und in einigen Städten in der Provinz Erbil entstanden seien. Laut eines am 10. September 2015 erschienenen Artikels auf Basnews, einer unabhängigen, in Erbil stationierten Nachrichtenagentur, haben die türkischen Behörden aufgrund der jüngsten Gewaltausbrüche in den kurdischen Ge- bieten beschlossen, den sich im Distrikt Zakho befindenden Ibrahim Khalil-Grenzüber- gang zwischen 18 Uhr abends und 7 Uhr morgens zu schliessen, bis sich die Sicher- heitslage wieder verbessert hat. Gemäss Lageberichten des Institute for the Study of War zu Irak von September und Oktober 2015 werden weiterhin Luftangriffe gegen die PKK in der Provinz Dohuk geflogen (so fanden Luftangriffe am 18., 19., 20., 23. und 26. September sowie am 4. und 5. Oktober 2015 statt). International Crisis Group, 1. September 2015: «Kurdistan region also experienced political crisis: regional President Barzani’s term formally ended 19 Aug; Gorran and Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK), two of region’s largest political parties, challenged Barzani’s wish to serve third term, drafted law that would empower region’s parliament to elect new president.» Quelle: Interna- tional Crisis Group, Crisis Watch Database: Iraq, 1. September 2015: www.crisisgroup.org/en/publication-type/crisiswatch/crisiswatch-data- base.aspx?CountryIDs=%7b18CB966A-0073-4264-B3F5-ED0472ED975C%7d#re- sults. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, 21. August 2015: «Political uncertainty hung over Iraq's Kurdistan region after President Massoud Barzani's mandate expired without rival factions agreeing to extend his term. Weeks of wrangling between the autonomous region's parties failed to produce a compromise before Barzani's tenure officially ended at midnight August 19, despite a last-minute intervention by U.S. and British diplomats. The stalemate over the pres- idency, which Barzani has held for more than a decade, is testing Kurdish unity at a time of acute economic hardship and a debilitating war with the Islamic State. No party presented an alternative candidate for the position, but several factions none- theless refused to prolong Barzani's mandate unless changes were made to the political system that would reduce the powers of his office. Barzani's Kurdistan Democratic Party, which is the largest in the region, has so far rejected that. Now that the deadline has passed, members of the Gorran party, which has pushed for the system to be changed, say that by law the speaker
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