The Kuznets Curve and Inequality
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Human Ecology Review
HUMAN ECOLOGY REVIEW Volume 22, Number 1, 2015 RESEARCH AND THEORY IN HUMAN ECOLOGY Introduction: Progress in Structural Human Ecology 3 Thomas Dietz and Andrew K. Jorgenson Metatheorizing Structural Human Ecology at the Dawn of the Third Millennium 13 Thomas J. Burns and Thomas K. Rudel Animals, Capital and Sustainability 35 Thomas Dietz and Richard York How Does Information Communication Technology Affect Energy Use? 55 Stefano B. Longo and Richard York Environmental Sustainability: The Ecological Footprint in West Africa 73 Sandra T. Marquart-Pyatt Income Inequality and Residential Carbon Emissions in the United States: A Preliminary Analysis 93 Andrew K. Jorgenson, Juliet B. Schor, Xiaorui Huang and Jared Fitzgerald Urbanization, Slums, and the Carbon Intensity of Well-being: Implications for Sustainable Development 107 Jennifer E. Givens Water, Sanitation, and Health in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Cross-national Analysis of Maternal and Neo-natal Mortality 129 Jamie M. Sommer, John M. Shandra, Michael Restivo and Carolyn Coburn Contributors to this Issue 153 Research and Theory in Human Ecology 1 Introduction: Progress in Structural Human Ecology Thomas Dietz1 Environmental Science and Policy Program, Department of Sociology and Animal Studies Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States Andrew K. Jorgenson Department of Sociology, Environmental Studies Program, Boston College, Boston, United States Abstract Structural human ecology is a vibrant area of theoretically grounded research that examines the interplay between structure and agency in human– environment interactions. This special issue consists of papers that highlight recent advances in the tradition. Here, the guest co-editors provide a short background discussion of structural human ecology, and offer brief summaries of the papers included in the collection. -
NATURE, SOCIOLOGY, and the FRANKFURT SCHOOL by Ryan
NATURE, SOCIOLOGY, AND THE FRANKFURT SCHOOL By Ryan Gunderson A DISSERTATION Submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sociology – Doctor of Philosophy 2014 ABSTRACT NATURE, SOCIOLOGY, AND THE FRANKFURT SCHOOL By Ryan Gunderson Through a systematic analysis of the works of Max Horkheimer, Theodor W. Adorno, Herbert Marcuse, and Erich Fromm using historical methods, I document how early critical theory can conceptually and theoretically inform sociological examinations of human-nature relations. Currently, the first-generation Frankfurt School’s work is largely absent from and criticized in environmental sociology. I address this gap in the literature through a series of articles. One line of analysis establishes how the theories of Horkheimer, Adorno, and Marcuse are applicable to central topics and debates in environmental sociology. A second line of analysis examines how the Frankfurt School’s explanatory and normative theories of human- animal relations can inform sociological animal studies. The third line examines the place of nature in Fromm’s social psychology and sociology, focusing on his personality theory’s notion of “biophilia.” Dedicated to 바다. See you soon. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I owe my dissertation committee immense gratitude for offering persistent intellectual and emotional support. Linda Kalof overflows with kindness and her gentle presence continually put my mind at ease. It was an honor to be the mentee of a distinguished scholar foundational to the formation of animal studies. Tom Dietz is the most cheerful person I have ever met and, as the first environmental sociologist to integrate ideas from critical theory with a bottomless knowledge of the environmental social sciences, his insights have been invaluable. -
Edward S. Shaw* Simon Kuznets Remarked in His Capital in The
Edward S. Shaw* Simon Kuznets remarked in his Capital in rate. There is physical wealth, its ownership The American Economy, " ... extrapolation of represented by an homogeneous financial asset inflationary pressures over the next thirty in the form of common stock or "equity," and years raises a specter of intolerable conse there is wealth in the form of real money bal quences.... "1 Fifteen of the thirty years are ances. Accumulation of physical and monetary over, and inflation has accelerated. The central wealth derives from a constant rate of saving concern of this paper is whether Kuznets' pre for the community. Inflation occurs because the diction of "intolerable consequences" for capital growth rate of nominal money exceeds the markets and capital accumulation is on track or growth rate of real money demanded. patently wrong. 2 The inflation is immaculate because its pace Monetary theory distinguishes between "im is constant and perfectly foreseen and because maculate" inflation, "clean" inflation, and the inflation tax on real money balances is com "dirty" inflation. It is the last of these that pensated precisely by a deposit-rate of interest Kuznets dreaded and that we have endured. The on money. It is fully anticipated, and it does not first section below deals very briefly with dif impose a relative penalty on the money form of ferences between the three styles of inflation. wealth. Money-wage rates rise faster than out The second section is a catalogue of ways in put prices in the degree that labor productivity which dirty inflation may obstruct and distort is growing. -
Trends in Factor Shares: Facts and Implications
A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Karabarbounis, Loukas; Neiman, Brent Article Trends in factor shares: Facts and implications NBER Reporter Provided in Cooperation with: National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), Cambridge, Mass. Suggested Citation: Karabarbounis, Loukas; Neiman, Brent (2017) : Trends in factor shares: Facts and implications, NBER Reporter, National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), Cambridge, MA, Iss. 4, pp. 19-22 This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/178760 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. www.econstor.eu systematically benefit firstborns and help 2 S. Black, P. Devereux, and K. Adolescent Behavior,” Economic Inquiry, Trends in Factor Shares: Facts and Implications explain their generally better outcomes. -
Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis? Or Pollution Haven Hypothesis? a Comparison of the Two
1 Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis? or Pollution Haven Hypothesis? A Comparison of the Two With the world becoming a global economy and global trade necessary, the concern for environmental quality has increased. There are an increasing amount of empirical studies devoted to the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) theory, to determine the relationship between a country’s income and its pollution levels. The EKC theory basically states that initially as a country’s income increases its pollution increases, but at a certain level of income its pollution levels will start to decrease. The existence of the EKC hypothesis that has been shown through empirical studies raises one main question. Should the evidence supporting the existence of the EKC be used to set policy measures? Or, does it just show a relationship that should have no impact on policy decisions? One explanation for the existence of the EKC is the pollution haven hypothesis. It basically states that when countries start to import more goods the industries they used to produce these goods have moved to other countries taking the pollution created by them to those countries. I will first determine if the EKC hypothesis holds true for CO2 emissions related to income in a cross sectional data set for 156 countries. Second, I will narrow the field to two countries, the U. S. and Mexico, to see if evidence can be found to support the EKC hypothesis. I will use CO2 emissions related to GNP that is matched for each of the countries. Comparing each of the data sets for each of these two countries may offer insight to the pollution haven hypothesis as well. -
Econometrics As a Pluralistic Scientific Tool for Economic Planning: on Lawrence R
Econometrics as a Pluralistic Scientific Tool for Economic Planning: On Lawrence R. Klein’s Econometrics Erich Pinzón-Fuchs To cite this version: Erich Pinzón-Fuchs. Econometrics as a Pluralistic Scientific Tool for Economic Planning: On Lawrence R. Klein’s Econometrics. 2016. halshs-01364809 HAL Id: halshs-01364809 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01364809 Preprint submitted on 12 Sep 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Documents de Travail du Centre d’Economie de la Sorbonne Econometrics as a Pluralistic Scientific Tool for Economic Planning: On Lawrence R. Klein’s Econometrics Erich PINZÓN FUCHS 2014.80 Maison des Sciences Économiques, 106-112 boulevard de L'Hôpital, 75647 Paris Cedex 13 http://centredeconomiesorbonne.univ-paris1.fr/ ISSN : 1955-611X Econometrics as a Pluralistic Scientific Tool for Economic Planning: On Lawrence R. Klein’s Econometrics Erich Pinzón Fuchs† October 2014 Abstract Lawrence R. Klein (1920-2013) played a major role in the construction and in the further dissemination of econometrics from the 1940s. Considered as one of the main developers and practitioners of macroeconometrics, Klein’s influence is reflected in his application of econometric modelling “to the analysis of economic fluctuations and economic policies” for which he was awarded the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel in 1980. -
ΒΙΒΛΙΟΓ ΡΑΦΙΑ Bibliography
Τεύχος 53, Οκτώβριος-Δεκέμβριος 2019 | Issue 53, October-December 2019 ΒΙΒΛΙΟΓ ΡΑΦΙΑ Bibliography Βραβείο Νόμπελ στην Οικονομική Επιστήμη Nobel Prize in Economics Τα τεύχη δημοσιεύονται στον ιστοχώρο της All issues are published online at the Bank’s website Τράπεζας: address: https://www.bankofgreece.gr/trapeza/kepoe https://www.bankofgreece.gr/en/the- t/h-vivliothhkh-ths-tte/e-ekdoseis-kai- bank/culture/library/e-publications-and- anakoinwseis announcements Τράπεζα της Ελλάδος. Κέντρο Πολιτισμού, Bank of Greece. Centre for Culture, Research and Έρευνας και Τεκμηρίωσης, Τμήμα Documentation, Library Section Βιβλιοθήκης Ελ. Βενιζέλου 21, 102 50 Αθήνα, 21 El. Venizelos Ave., 102 50 Athens, [email protected] Τηλ. 210-3202446, [email protected], Tel. +30-210-3202446, 3202396, 3203129 3202396, 3203129 Βιβλιογραφία, τεύχος 53, Οκτ.-Δεκ. 2019, Bibliography, issue 53, Oct.-Dec. 2019, Nobel Prize Βραβείο Νόμπελ στην Οικονομική Επιστήμη in Economics Συντελεστές: Α. Ναδάλη, Ε. Σεμερτζάκη, Γ. Contributors: A. Nadali, E. Semertzaki, G. Tsouri Τσούρη Βιβλιογραφία, αρ.53 (Οκτ.-Δεκ. 2019), Βραβείο Nobel στην Οικονομική Επιστήμη 1 Bibliography, no. 53, (Oct.-Dec. 2019), Nobel Prize in Economics Πίνακας περιεχομένων Εισαγωγή / Introduction 6 2019: Abhijit Banerjee, Esther Duflo and Michael Kremer 7 Μονογραφίες / Monographs ................................................................................................... 7 Δοκίμια Εργασίας / Working papers ...................................................................................... -
Environmental Kuznets Curve Revisit: Role of Economic Diversity in Environmental Degradation
Environmental Kuznets Curve Revisit: Role of Economic Diversity in Environmental Degradation Raza Ghazal University of Kurdistan Mohammad Sharif Karimi ( [email protected] ) Razi University of Kermanshah: Razi University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5967-6756 Bakhtiar Javaheri University of Kurdistan Research Keywords: Economic complexity, Structural change, Environmental Kuznets curve, Environmental degradation Posted Date: February 22nd, 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-213429/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License 1 Environmental Kuznets Curve Revisit: Role of Economic Diversity in Environmental 2 Degradation 3 Raza Ghazal1 4 Mohammad Sharif Karimi2 5 Bakhtiar Javaheri3 6 7 8 Abstract 9 Background: Unlike the classical view, a new path of economic growth and development among 10 the emerging and developing nations seems to have distinct impact on environment. Customary 11 patterns of production and consumption have undergone significant changes and the new “growth 12 with non-smoke-staks” has put the developing economies on a path that can change Environmental 13 Kuznets Curve (EKC) fundamentally. With this view, the current study attempts to examine how 14 these growth patterns among developing world have impacted the degradation of environment. We 15 argue that including income per capita and share of manufacturing would not capture the full 16 growth dynamic of developing and emerging countries and therefore it masks the real impacts on 17 environmental degradation. To this end, we introduce the Economic Complexity Index (ECI) to 18 the model to reflect the full impacts of new growth approaches on CO2 emission levels by using a 19 panel data analyses of 100 emerging and developing countries over 1963-2018 period. -
Simon Kuznets [Ideological Profiles of the Economics Laureates] Daniel B
Simon Kuznets [Ideological Profiles of the Economics Laureates] Daniel B. Klein, Ryan Daza, and Hannah Mead Econ Journal Watch 10(3), September 2013: 411-413 Abstract Simon Kuznets is among the 71 individuals who were awarded the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel between 1969 and 2012. This ideological profile is part of the project called “The Ideological Migration of the Economics Laureates,” which fills the September 2013 issue of Econ Journal Watch. Keywords Classical liberalism, economists, Nobel Prize in economics, ideology, ideological migration, intellectual biography. JEL classification A11, A13, B2, B3 Link to this document http://econjwatch.org/file_download/738/KuznetsIPEL.pdf IDEOLOGICAL PROFILES OF THE ECONOMICS LAUREATES Simon Kuznets by Daniel B. Klein, Ryan Daza, and Hannah Mead Simon Kuznets (1901–1985) was born in Russia. In 1922, Kuznets emigrated with his family to the United States. He earned his Ph.D. from Columbia University in 1926 and started working at the National Bureau of Economic Research the following year. Between 1930 and 1971, Kuznets taught at the University of Pennsylvania, Johns Hopkins University, and then Harvard University (Kuznets 1992a/1971). His ideological views do not seem to have changed significantly during his adult life. Kuznets won the Nobel Prize in Economic Science for “for his empirically founded interpretation of economic growth which has led to new and deepened insight into the economic and social structure and process of development.” In a speech at the award ceremony, Bertil Ohlin praised Kuznets for having “consistently addressed himself to giving quantitative precision to economic magnitudes which seem [to] be relevant to an understanding of processes of social change. -
Social Metabolism, Ecologically Unequal Exchange and Resource Extraction Conflicts in Latin America. Analytical Framework and Case Studies
Social metabolism, ecologically unequal exchange and resource extraction conflicts in Latin America. Analytical Framework and Case Studies Analytical Framework Report D.WP7 1 Deliverable WP7 1 – Analytical Framework Report Project Nº: 266710 Funding Scheme: Collaborative Project Objective: FP7‐SSH‐2010‐3 Status: Final version, 27/01/2012 Due date of delivery: 29/01/2012 Work Package: WP7 – Resource Extraction Conflicts Compared Leading Author: Mariana Walter and Joan Martinez Alier Co‐author(s): FP7 –SSH – 2010 – 3 GA 266710 Social metabolism, ecologically unequal exchange and resource extraction conflicts in Latin America. Analytical Framework and Case Studies Analytical Framework Report D.WP7.1 Table of Contents Summary & Key Words ........................................................................................................................... 3 Analytical Framework .............................................................................................................................. 4 Social Metabolism: A Biophysical Approach to the Economy ............................................................. 4 Material Flow Analysis ......................................................................................................................... 6 Ecologically Unequal Exchange ........................................................................................................... 7 Ecological distributive conflicts .......................................................................................................... -
Front Matter In" Wesley Clair Mitchell: the Economic Scientist"
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from the National Bureau of Economic Research Volume Title: Wesley Clair Mitchell: The Economic Scientist Volume Author/Editor: Arthur F. Burns, ed. Volume Publisher: NBER Volume ISBN: 0-87014-052-3 Volume URL: http://www.nber.org/books/burn52-1 Publication Date: 1952 Chapter Title: Front matter in "Wesley Clair Mitchell: The Economic Scientist" Chapter Author: Arthur F. Burns Chapter URL: http://www.nber.org/chapters/c3093 Chapter pages in book: (p. -14 - 0) We Clair Mitchell The Economic'Scientist.' Edited by ARTHUR F. BURNS NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH, INC. NEW YORK 1952 S Copyright,1952, by Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. 1819 Broadway, New York 23 All Rights Reserved Typography by Oscar Leventhal, Inc. Presswork and binding by H. Wolff Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 52-6013 PUBLICATIONS OF THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH, INC. NUMBER 53 WESLEY CLAIR MITCHELL THE ECONOMIC SCIENTIST '•1 OFFICERS 1952 Harry Scherman, Chairman C. C. Balderston, President Percival F. Brundage, Vice-President George B. Roberts, Treasurer W. J. Carson, Executive Director DIRECTORS AT LARGE Donald R. Beicher, American Telephone and Telegraph Company Oswald W. Knauth, Beau fort, South Carolina Simon Kuznets, University of Pennsylvania H. W. Laidler, Executive Director, League for Industrial Democracy Shepard Morgan, New York City C. Reinold Noyes, Princeton, New Jersey George B. Roberts, Vice-President, National City Bank Beardsley Rumi, New York City Harry Scherman, Chairman, Book-of-the-Month Club George Soule, Bennington College N. I. Stone, Consulting Economist J. Raymond Walsh, New York City Leo Wolman, Columbia University Theodore 0. -
Income Inequality Revisited 60 Years Later: Piketty Vs Kuznets ✩ Ivan Lyubimov
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Russian Journal of Economics 3 (2017) 42–53 www.rujec.org Income inequality revisited 60 years later: Piketty vs Kuznets ✩ Ivan Lyubimov Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia Abstract This paper compares two popular views on the evolution of income inequality. The article by Simon Kuznets, which was published in American Economic Review in 1955, considers inequality as a byproduct of economic growth and suggests that a rela- tively rich economy should also be less unequal. In contrast, Thomas Piketty indicates that inequality is progressing, and an internationally coordinated policy is required to bring inequality under control. My paper applies the arguments of Kuznets and Piketty to the problem of income inequality in modern Russia. © 2017 Non-profit partnership “Voprosy Ekonomiki”. Hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. JEL classification:D63, I24, O47. Keywords: income inequality, economic growth, labor income, economic rents, CEOs. 1. Introduction The study of the evolution of income and capital inequality is important not only because of the need to control poverty but also due to the potential influence inequality has on economic growth rates. Economists have long believed that economic growth alone would suffice to resolve the problems of inequality and poverty. For example, Simon Kuznets (1955) assumed that sustainable economic growth would ultimately lead to a lower level of inequality. Similar concepts regarding the correlation between in- equality and economic growth have dominated international financial institutions for a long time, including the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. ✩ The updated English version of the article published in Russian in Ekonomicheskaya Politika, 2016, No.