Volume 56, No. 1 Fall/Winter 2016 Pull Together Newsletter of the Naval Historical Foundation

Voices from Pearl Harbor The Perfect Holiday Stocking Stuffer!

2017 Navy Calendar Get yours today!

Find all your holiday gifts at the Navy Museum Store including: • Annual White House ornament • Nautical themed gifts • Plane and aircraft carrier models

Go to http://museumstore.navyhistory.org or call 202-889-2212.

2 Naval Historical Foundation Table of Contents

4 Chairman’s Message By Adm. William J. Fallon, USN (Ret.) 5 From the Deckplate 6 Rediscovering USS Independence By Rear Adm. Arthur “Bud” Langston, USN (Ret.) “Navy Museums” Central 8 Introducing usnavymuseums.org By David F. Winkler, Ph.D. The Naval NHF’s Speakers Bureau Historical 9 Cover Story: Foundation 10 Voices from Pearl Harbor preserves and honors Commemorating the 75th Anniversary the legacy of those By David F. Winkler, Ph.D. who came before us NHF Distinguished Service Award 13 Recipient Announced while inspiring the Dr. J. Phillip London is 2017 Recipient generations who will 14 STEM-H Update follow. We focus on By Capt. John Paulson, USN (Ret.) educating and creating 15 NROTC Essay Award Recipients global public interest Passing the Watch about the importance 16 NHF Bids Farewell & Welcomes New Executive Director of our rich naval Naval History Book Review history and linking it to 18 Hornfischer’sThe Fleet at Flood Tide By Rear Admiral W. J. Holland, Jr. USN (Ret.) today’s challenges and Almanacs and the Navy of the opportunities in the 20 maritime domain. By Vice Adm. George W. Emery, USN (Ret.) www.navyhistory.org COVER PHOTO: The destroyer Shaw exploding as a result of a bomb hit of a magazine during the Japanese , December 7, 1941. PHOTO COURTESY U.S. NAVY Pull Together • Fall/Winter 2016 3 Chairman’s Message ★ ★ ★ ★

Season’s Greetings! these programs in the pages that follow. As 2016 comes to a close, it’s a We also said farewell to Todd Creekman and good time to reflect on where we’ve welcomed Clair Sassin as NHF’s new executive director. been and where we are headed. This The transition has been incredibly smooth and we are year has been a time of celebration, excited to have Clair on board. As we head into 2017, change and program expansion for we will focus on growing our membership and continue the National Historic Foundation. to highlight the importance of the maritime domain. As you know, this year marked We appreciate your support over the last year and the 90th anniversary of NHF. To celebrate, we’ve embarked on new initiatives to make NHF’s mission more relevant to current events and better link today’s chal- lenges in the maritime domain with our rich at-sea history. At our 90th celebration, Dr. Bob Ballard shared a compel- ling presentation about the opportunities in the maritime domain and how his Ocean Exploration Trust, in partner- ship with the National Oceanic & Atmospheric Admin- istration, is conducting undersea explorations to expand our still limited knowledge of the oceans. NHF joined the OET-NOAA partnership to provide the historical perspec- tive and unique content to these undersea explorations. The first exploration took place in August (see story on page 6) and planning has begun for operations next spring in the eastern Pacific Ocean. This partnership provides us with a Dr. Robert Ballard new and exciting forum to educate and create global inter- est from the broader public about the importance of naval history. look forward to your continued involvement as we sail Recently we rolled out www.usnavymuseums.org, a into 2017. On behalf of the board and staff, best wishes site that connects naval museums, historical ships and to you and your families for a happy, healthy and pros- STEM-H (history) programs. In addition, we have perous new year. expanded our STEM-H program by providing support for 24 Navy and historic naval ship museum educators to attend U.S. Naval Academy STEM Center workshops. We’ve tied these two programs together by posting all the lesson plans created by these educators on www. usnavymuseums.org by state. You can read more about Admiral William J. Fallon, USN (Ret.)

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4 Naval Historical Foundation From the

P-8ADECKPLATE Poseidon Model Dedicated

United States Pacific Command inside the Cold War Gallery. As Commander Adm. Harry B. of today, 44 models are on display, Harris, Jr., USN, joined NHF including models of the planes Chairman Adm. William J. piloted by the four naval aviators Fallon, USN (Ret.), and a awarded the Medal of Honor. group of distinguished guests Fallon weighed in on the on August 30 for the dedica- importance of these planes in the tion of a Maritime Patrol and history of the U.S. Navy, noting Reconnaissance Aircraft display that these aircraft were “absolutely case, including a P-8A Poseidon essential to the successful outcome model, at the National Museum of the Cold War.” of the Navy’s Capt. Mike Boyle, USN; Capt. Ted Bronson, USN All of the aircraft were Cold War Gallery. Others in (Ret.); and Admiral Harry B. Harris, USN, in front of constructed and personalized attendance included Vice Chief the newly placed P-8A Poseidon Model by Lt. Cdr. Michael “Pyscho” of Naval Operations Adm. Bill McLeod, USN (Ret.), a former Moran and Capt. Fred Smith, F/A-18 pilot. For this P-8A USN (Ret.) of the Boeing Company, whose gracious dona- Poseidon model, he visited P-8 squadrons in Jacksonville, tions paid for the display case that houses the five models FL, to get all of the antennas properly set in place. As currently on display. Capt. Ted Bronson, USN (Ret.) noted in his introduction NHF made a commitment to the Navy over a decade of Admiral Harris, “there are even ejection seats inside the ago to build exhibits highlighting Cold War-era aircraft models!”

HELP WANTED: Docents

If you have a passion for naval history or want to learn about it, we need you! The National Museum of the (NMUSN) is looking Matt Eng for volunteers to serve as docents. As a docent Receives you will have the opportunity to learn about Navy HNSA award history, the different exhibits and the many artifacts Eng Earns Award throughout the museum and share this knowledge with children and adults from all over the world. Dr. William Cogar, executive director of the Historic Docents will go through a newly-developed training Naval Ships Association (HNSA), presents Matt Eng, program. Active duty Sailors are welcome and will NHF’s digital content manager, the Dr. John C. Fakan earn volunteer service hours. Communication Award in recognition of his efforts to Questions or to sign up, contact Thomas support the www.hnsa.org website and the Anchor Watch Frezza, NMUSN’s Director of Education, at (202) newsletter. The Naval Historical Foundation is an Associ- 433-4995 or [email protected] ate member of HNSA. Pull Together • Fall/Winter 2016 5 Independence survived two atomic bomb tests. The second “Baker” test conducted on July 27, 1946 involved the under- water detonation of a weapon, creating a huge radioactive mushroom cloud.

eep sea adven- atic site investigation tures, real time and video survey Dscientific quests of the Independence and a love for rediscov- wreck to identify ering naval history are vessel construction all part of the NHF new details and artifacts vector. Through part- and document site nerships with undersea formation processes exploration, NHF is for future study. The attracting and inspiring information gathered a new generation of will allow scientists maritime enthusiasts to study the radioac- while rediscovering and Rediscovering tive contamination keeping naval history levels still present on alive. USS Independence the ship as mandated The first of these by Congress for new explorations took By Rear Adm. Arthur “Bud” Langston, USN (Ret.) NOAA’s stewardship place this past August of sanctuary areas when NHF partnered and respective wreck with Dr. Bob Ballard’s Ocean Exploration Trust (OET) sites such as Independence. when he kicked off their multi-year Pacific Ocean “Victory NHF provided new and in-depth content related at Sea” exploration. First on the list – the Navy’s sunken to the history of Independence and Operation Cross- aircraft carrier Independence (CVL 22) located near the roads online, which served as a companion piece to the Farallon Islands off the coast of San Francisco. Indepen- live feed from E/V Nautilus. We used social media to dence served during World War II and the Bikini Atoll support the exploration during key moments of discov- atomic bomb testing in 1946, codenamed Operation ery. This included oral histories, historical timelines and Crossroads. articles provided by volunteers throughout the country. Members of Ballard’s OET team and underwater History came to life when NHF conducted an inter- archaeologists from the National Oceanic & Atmospheric view with Rear Adm. Dick Van Orden, USN (Ret.), a Administration (NOAA) spent four days aboard OET’s former gunnery officer aboard Independence during World Exploration Vessel (E/V) Nautilus studying the Indepen- War II. Van Orden, who is in his mid-90s, spoke of his dence for the first time since its sinking in 1951. Using experiences serving aboard the first carrier to perform

Remotely Operated Vehicles the team conducted a system- nighttime fighter operations and the harrowing experience COMMAND HERITAGE AND HISTORY NAVAL THE OF COLLECTIONS THE FROM PHOTOGRAPH, NAVY U.S. OFFICIAL

6 Naval Historical Foundation USS Independence (CVL 22)

of being attacked by Japanese towards the end of the war. NHF also conducted an interview with Naval The fourth Independence which began as the History and Heritage Command’s (NHHC) light USS Amsterdam (CL 59), was launched atomic-era historian Dr. Frank Blazich. Both the Van Orden and Blazich interviews can be found in August 1942 and commissioned in January 1943. on NHF’s YouTube page at www.youtube.com/ Independence represented the first of a new class of user/NHFNavalHistory. carriers built on converted cruiser hulls. She joined the Pacific Fleet in June 1943 and participated in attacks on Rabaul, Tarawa, Luzon and Okinawa. Here she is seen in San Francisco Bay on July 15, 1943. Most notably, Independence was part of the carrier group that sank the last remaining vestige of the Japanese Mobile Fleet at the Battle of Leyte Gulf. Assigned as a target vessel for the Bikini atomic A mount remains intact on the bomb tests in 1946, Independence was placed within port side of Independence. This and other images may be found at www.nautiluslive.org. one-half mile of ground zero for the July 1 Test Able explosion. The ship survived and also remained afloat NHF remains committed to the preserva- after the July 25 Test Baker detonation. Subsequently, tion, education and commemoration of naval history and looks forward to continuing to she was taken to Kwajalein and decommissioned leverage technology and undersea exploration August 28, 1946. The highly radioactive hulk was later to reach a larger global audience. We will also taken to Pearl Harbor and San Francisco for further continue to partner with NHHC, NOAA’s Office of National Marine Sanctuaries, Library tests, and was towed and sunk off the coast of Califor- of Congress’s Veterans History Project, Office nia near the Farallon Islands in 1951. For more infor- of Naval Research, the Naval Meteorology mation on Independence visit www.navyhistory.org/ and Oceanography Command and others to rediscovering-uss-independence. provide individuals of all ages and backgrounds

COURTESY OF WWW.NAUTILUSLIVE.ORG; OFFICIAL U.S. NAVY PHOTO NAVY U.S. OFFICIAL WWW.NAUTILUSLIVE.ORG; OF COURTESY a front row seat to history and new discoveries. Pull Together • Fall/Winter 2016 7 A Virtual Visit to Navy Museums: usnavymuseums.org By David F. Winkler, Ph.D.

he Naval Histor- virtual tours. Additions ical Foundation to the site include more Tis pleased to tours and content, such as announce the latest World War I and World addition to its family of War II commemorative websites that support the events, the latest Navy naval history and heri- and NHF news, digital tage community, www. art, artifact spotlights usnavymusems.org. The and highlights of World concept behind this site War II ship explorations came from a realization across the Pacific Ocean that due to heightened with Dr. Robert Ballard. security at military bases “The Tawani grant around the country, enabled us to do a lot public access to the of neat things and National Museum of the test several concepts,” United States Navy and said Matt Eng, NHF’s others is a challenge. digital content devel- A solution? Create oper. For example, NHF a virtual experience by teamed with Empire integrating resources Physically gone, Display Ship Barry remains virtually berthed at the Media Group, Inc. to offered by museums Washington Navy Yard and ready to host your tour. create a virtual walking within the naval history tour of the display enterprise – those operated around the nation by the ship Barry. Although the former Forrest Sherman-class Navy’s Naval History and Heritage Command (NHHC) destroyer left the Washington Navy Yard last Spring for and others, such as historic ships, that are maintained by eventual dismantling, visitors to www.usnavymuseums. fellow non-profit organizations. org will still be able to look from its bow down upon The Tawani Foundation provided NHF a four-year the Navy Yard’s Willard Park to see artifacts, such as grant to create a one stop location for those interested the 14-inch World War I naval rail battery, or go below in learning and appreciating naval history as offered in decks to view dozens of compartments and spaces of the museums and on ships throughout the country. The initial Cold War-era warship, embellished with a wide-variety site provides visitors naval heritage resources in the 50 of virtually-linked enhancements. states, historical content on ships named for each state and Also available on the site are STEM and STEM-H

8 Naval Historical Foundation NHF’s Speaker Bureau

On October 13 the Naval Criminal Investigative Service hosted Dr. Edward J. Marolda, former senior historian of the Navy. Arranged through NHF’s Speaker Bureau, Marolda recognized the contributions of enlisted Sailors on the occasion of the 241st birthday of the U.S. Navy. He described the leadership and bravery in battle of Boatswain’s Mate 1st Class James E. Williams in the War; Mess Attendant 3rd Class Doris Miller during the World War II Pearl Harbor attack; and the courage and self-sacrifice of Chief Aviation Boatswain’s Mate Gerald Farrier during a fire on board aircraft carrier Forrestal.

USNavyMuseums.org website hosts the latest NHF news.

(history) lesson plans developed by museum educators across the country. For this program, which is funded by a federal grant, NHF partners with the U.S. Naval Academy and the USS Hornet Museum to provide training for museum educators at the USNA STEM Center. So in addition to being a “tourist site,” www.usnavymuseums. org also serves as a home for educational resources for STEM-H teachers. For more information on this program Dr. Marolda at his October 13 Naval Birthday presentation at see the story on page 14. Quantico. NHF envisions the site maturing to provide the visitor an even greater immersive experience. “Imagine visiting Marolda detailed the dedication to service of several the site’s Navy Museum World War II gallery and you other American Sailors including: come across the exhibit detailing the capture of U-505… • Joy Bright Hancock, who served in World War I in a you click on it and suddenly you are on the actual U-boat yeoman billet and became the highest ranking woman at the Chicago’s Museum of Science and Industry,” said in the Navy in the early 1950s. Clair S. Sassin, NHF’s new executive director. “The oppor- • Carl Brashear who overcame racial discrimination tunities for this site are endless and we are most apprecia- and a serious injury to earn the billet of Master Diver tive of the support provided by the Tawani Foundation to of the Navy. make these resources available to a broader audience,” said • Seaman Apprentice Douglas Hegdahl who provided Sassin. “With initiatives such as these, Americans will have naval intelligence with vital information on the plight an even greater appreciation of the maritime domain,” she of American POWs during the . continued. • Senior Chief Radarman Larry Nowell whose profes- sional skill contributed to the shootdown of 12 enemy A Growing Family fighter planes in the Vietnam War. The inauguration of www.usnavymuseums.org further cements NHF’s commitment to provide outreach oppor- Finally, Marolda credited the teamwork of Damage tunities to the American public on behalf of the National Controlman 1st Class Ernesto Garcia, Hull Maintenance Museum of the United States Navy and NHHC. The Technician 2nd Class Christopher Regal, and Hospital- new site joins www.navyhistory.org, which serves NHF man 3rd Class Tayinikia Campbell for providing medical members with a directory of services, publications and help to injured shipmates in the destroyer Cole after a updates on activities; and www.ijnhonline.org, which terrorist attack on the ship in October 2000 off . targets a global academic audience, providing a publishing Need a naval history speaker, contact Dr. Winkler at

COURTESY NAVAL CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIVE SERVICE INVESTIGATIVE CRIMINAL NAVAL COURTESY venue for peer-review articles and book reviews. [email protected]. Pull Together • Fall/Winter 2016 9 Voices from Pearl HarborBy David F. Winkler, Ph.D.

vent anniversaries and commemorations provide opinion led to NHF hosting a colloquium on the 58th opportunities to connect and provide mean- anniversary of the attack in 1999. Titled “Pearl Harbor and ingful content to inform the public dialogue. the Kimmel Controversy: The Views Today,” the all-day Such is the case with the 75th anniversary of the program brought together may of the nation’s top Pearl Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. With national Harbor scholars to discuss command responsibility and Eattention drawn to commemoration events in Hawaii accountability. during the first eleven days of December (visit http:// pearlharbor75thanniversary.com/), cable history channels Destroyers at Pearl Harbor have been re-running documentaries on the attack and With Fitzgerald’s financial support, NHF hired a part- aftermath since early October. NHF is providing new time oral historian who managed a volunteer interviewer insights to this pivotal day in American history. network and solicited memoirs and diaries. Among the Sadly due to the ravages of time, few veterans were accounts collected were several from destroyer Sailors. on hand at Pearl Harbor to share their recollections. Except for Ward sinking a Japanese midget that Fortunately, two decades ago, Ambassador William H.G. attempted to enter the harbor before the air attack, the role Fitzgerald, a board member, graduate of the U.S. Naval of destroyers at Pearl Harbor is often overlooked. On that Academy (’31) and a veteran of World War II, recognized “Day of Infamy” 30 destroyers and a dozen former flush the need to capture the recollections of fellow servicemen. deck destroyers that had been converted to minelayers With his support, NHF embarked on an oral history and fast minesweepers were present. Other than Cassin, collection effort. Downes, and Shaw, the destroyers suffered minimal damage At the same time, another board member and deco- and would go on to play important roles in forthcoming rated World War II submariner, Capt. Edward “Ned” battles. NHF’s collection captures some of the “Tin Can Beach, Jr., had long argued that the naval commander at Sailor” experiences. Pearl Harbor, Adm. Husband Kimmel, had been unfairly The first Pearl Harbor account came in a career inter-

blamed for losses in Hawaii on December 7, 1941. That view of Chief Warrant Officer Steve Yorden conducted COMMAND HERITAGE AND HISTORY NAVAL THE OF COLLECTIONS THE FROM PHOTOGRAPH, NAVY U.S. OFFICIAL

10 Naval Historical Foundation in November 1998 by volunteer interviewer David Majeski. A Pennsylvanian, Yorden tried to join the Navy in 1940. He failed his phys- ical the first time because of a tooth cavity and flunked a second time due to wax build up in his ear. Finally allowed to join, Yorden slept in late one Sunday morning in Dewey, which was within a nest of destroyers tied up alongside destroyer tender Dobbin moored The gun crew off the destroyer Ward that scored a direct hit on a Japanese mini-sub- northeast of Ford Island. A shipmate shook marine attempting to enter Pearl Harbor the morning of December 7, 1941. The gun is now on display on the grounds of St. Paul’s capital as the gun crew consisted him: “Steve, Steve, the Japs are bombing the air of naval reservists from Minnesota. station.” Annoyed with the disruption, Yorden responded: “The hell with them, let them bomb it.” With that a bomb landed “about thirty feet from us on the ship to get underway. There were reports of midget the stern and it picked us out of the water.” After the first . Crewmembers of the seaplane tender Curtis wave, Dobbin cut the Dewey loose so she could provide tossed a smoke bomb at a spot where they thought they better defense. That afternoon Dewey saw a periscope. Phillips and an got underway to conduct anti-sub- enlisted Sailor loaded the forward marine patrols. four inch gun and trained it on the A more recent interview smoke. Looking through the gun conducted in 2011 by volunteer sight ashore in the background, Rear Adm. Oakley Osborn covered Phillips noted the Naval Hospi- the experience of retired Capt. tal. They did not take the shot. As Douglas G. Phillips. A graduate Ramsey steamed to clear the harbor, of the New York State Merchant she took one of the attacking aircraft Marine Academy, Phillips received under fire and claimed to have shot a naval reserve commission in 1939 USS Ramsey seen here in San Diego prior to her it down. and applied for active duty a year conversion to a mine-layer. In 2001, retired Capt. Robert H. later. After duty on the East Coast, Dasteel shared his journal with NHF Phillips received orders to USS Ramsey, a World War detailing his experience as an ensign on destroyer Selfridge, I-vintage destroyer that had been converted to be a mine- which was the outboard ship in a nest of five destroyers layer. Arriving to his new ship on December 6, Phillips alongside destroyer tender Whitney moored in East Loch. had his first breakfast in the wardroom the next morning Dasteel’s ship had joined the nest the previous day having and stepped out to admire the Hawaiian scenery from the towed an army barge to Oahu from Palmyra Atoll. Thus ship’s mooring off the main channel. Observing a wave of the ship was fully operational and combat-ready as the planes, he realized from their markings they were Japa- ship’s ammunition had yet to be stowed below. nese and he watched them drop torpedoes that scored Dasteel, a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy (’39), hits on the target ship Utah. Phillips described how the was the duty officer that morning and stood with the former battleship quickly rolled over, throwing planking gangway watch to receive the report from the signal bridge and crewmembers into the channel. Because Ramsey had “preparatory to colors.” Chatting with the duty petty offi- been designated to serve as the “Ready Duty” ship that day, cers at about 0757, “I saw an explosion on a light cruiser her propulsion plant had full steam pressure up, enabling Continued on next page Pull Together • Fall/Winter 2016 11 Witness to history…

moored at Ford Island his assignment to Conyn- in the East Channel,” gham. In contrast to said Dasteel. He further Dasteel, Hammer spent described the attack in his the night ashore and journal, having ordered was riding a bus to a taxi the ship to General stand at Pearl Harbor Quarters. Within two when a bomb exploded minutes, Selfridge began a block away. Catching firing at the attacking a cab to the officers’ boat aircraft with its starboard On October 27, 2016, David Winkler and Matt Eng, NHF historians, landing, Hammer and 50 . interviewed Rear Adm. Ted Walker, SC, USN (Ret.). Walker, a young others were summoned As other crewmembers boy in Hawaii at the time of the attack, witnessed the event from atop a by Vice Adm. William rushed to their general Banyan tree. His interview can be seen at www.usnavymuseums.org. Pye to hop on his barge. quarters stations, Dasteel As damaged ships noted a Japanese aircraft blazed around them, the dropping a torpedo that commander of the Pacific would hit Raleigh portside Battle Force forged ahead amidships. Wondering into the harbor. Fearing the reason for Dasteel’s that the sinking cruiser orders below to ready Raleigh would capsize, the propulsion plant to Pye stopped the barge to get underway, the chief direct the movement of engineer came topside to topside weight to balance ask, “What’s happening?” the ship. Pye eventually Dasteel responded: “If dropped Hammer off at you don’t think this is Conyngham, the inboard serious look at the battle ship of the destroyer line.” As those words nest berthed alongside came out of his mouth the Whitney. Though her DESTROYERS AT PEARL HARBOR: View taken around Arizona exploded. “The engineering plant was 0926 on the morning of December 7 from an automobile on the road heat from the burning in the Aiea area; in the center destroyer tender Dobbin with destroyers out of commission, the hulk could be felt where Hull, Dewey, Worden, and MacDonough alongside. The ship just to destroyer’s crew valiantly I was standing…a mile the left of that group, destroyer Phelps, got underway on two boilers fired their guns on the away.” Reflecting on the at this time. The group further to the right consisted of destroyer tender attackers and, along with crew’s handling of the Whitney, with destroyers Conyngham, Reid, Tucker, Case, and other destroyers tied in guns, Dasteel wrote: “We Selfridge alongside. the nest, accounted for were functioning better several Japanese losses. than they had previously done during practice firings.” Throughout the rest of the day, the crew hustled to reas- Dasteel observed one of the gunner’s mates score hits with semble the engineering equipment and that evening the a machine gun on a Japanese plane, forcing it to crash in ship joined Ramsey, Selfridge, Dewey and other destroyers a nearby cane field. After the second wave of Japanese underway guarding the approaches to Oahu. aircraft departed, Selfridge refueled and departed for patrol More detailed passages from these interviews and offshore at noon. others including veterans who served on West Virginia, In a memoir submitted to NHF in 2000, Alexander California, San Francisco, and a patrol squadron can be Hammer discussed earning his officer’s commission in found at NHF’s newest website, www.usnavymuseums.org

February 1941 through the Navy’s V-7 program prior to (see story on page 8). COMMAND HERITAGE AND HISTORY NAVAL THE OF COLLECTIONS THE FROM PHOTOGRAPH, NAVY U.S. OFFICIAL NHF; ENG, MATT

12 Naval Historical Foundation Dr. J. Phillip London to Receive NHF’s 2017 Distinguished Service Award

NHF’s Distinguished Service Award will be network communications. He currently serves as presented to Dr. J. Phillip London at the National executive chairman. Though his corporate leader- Maritime Awards Dinner on April 4, 2017 in ship has earned him much well-deserved recog- Washington, DC. The award recognizes an indi- nition in the business sector, the Naval Historical vidual’s or institution’s contributions to benefit the Foundation will recognize him for his long-stand- overall naval historical enterprise through phil- ing interest in promoting naval heritage. anthropic or individual initiatives. The National London has received a number of other awards Maritime Awards Dinner is co-hosted by the for his maritime advocacy including the Navy National Maritime Historical Society (NMHS), League’s Fleet Admiral Chester W. Nimitz Award who will present their Distinguished Service and the Naval Order of the U.S. Admiral of the Award to Conservation International and its Navy George Dewey Award. London, an inductee founder and CEO Peter Seligmann. to the Naval Postgraduate School’s Hall of Fame, Following nautical family tradition, London serves on the boards of NHF, the U.S. Naval Insti- graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1959 tute, and the Navy Memorial Foundation. and served 12 years on active duty as a naval Conservation International has had a major aviator and carrier pilot, serving with U.S. Navy impact on the health of the world’s oceans and “hunter-killer” task forces arrayed against the shorelines. The organization spearheads the Ocean ’s strategic nuclear submarine threat. Health Index; Defining Ocean Health, an Agenda He saw service in the Cuban Missile Crisis, the for Action in ocean conservation; and the Deep “thirteen days” of October and November of Sea Conservation Coalition, a union of 60 plus 1962. His numerous at-sea deployments include international organizations. the North Atlantic, the Mediterranean, and the Gary Jobson, world-class competitive sailor, tv Caribbean. Embarked on the carrier Randolph on commentator, author, president of the National February 20, 1962 in the Caribbean, he was with Sailing Hall of Fame and vice president of the the airborne recovery team for Col. John Glenn’s International Sailing Federation, will be the space flight in Friendship 7. Master of Ceremonies. Entertainment will be London left active duty in 1971 and joined the provided by the United States Coast Guard U.S. Naval Reserve and CACI International as Academy Cadet Chorale and award-winning a program manager. In 1983 he retired from the cinematographer Rick Lopes will produce videos Naval Reserve as a captain and a year later was about the honorees. appointed CACI’s president and CEO. Holding For information on sponsorships or tickets, that position for the next 23 years he oversaw the visit www.seahistory.org or contact Burchenal growth of the company that became a leader in the Green at 914-737-7878, ext. 223, or fields of intelligence, information technology and [email protected].

Pull Together • Fall/Winter 2016 13 STEM-H Update: Now, a History of Its Own By Capt. John Paulson, USN (Ret.)

hanges in national science, this workshop. technology, engineering, In September, NHF conducted Cand mathematics (STEM) a program for more than 60 education methods and prior- attendees at the Historic Naval ities since the inception of our Ships Association conference at the STEM-H (history) education effort USS Lexington Museum in Corpus in 2010 by NHF board member Dr. Christi. A hands-on STEM-H Barbara Pilling, Capt. Pete Boyne, activity was conducted, plus attendees USN (Ret.), and NHF’s staff have received a package of STEM-H strengthened and broadened our materials and learned about NHF’s program. The good news is we program to support their museum started with the correct vision. educator’s STEM training by the Also constant since the two-day USNA STEM Center. Naval STEM Forum in 2011, which Our compendium of lesson plans NHF attended, has been the U.S and activities, the inspired work of Navy’s tiered STEM program goals 26 STEM-H teacher fellows, tran- to inspire, engage, educate, and attract sitioned to Next Generation Science a future Navy workforce. NHF’s Standards and Common Core State STEM-H program, partnering with Standards, while relocating to the top secondary school teachers, has new website www.usnavymuseums. focused on hands-on activities to USS Turner Joy Museum STEM educators org (see page 8). meet established learning standards. participated in the USNA STEM two-day This program has been in-step with workshop at Port Hueneme, CA in August. Looking Ahead the Navy’s goals, even though the Grant funding will support addi- Navy’s program changed its name tional USNA STEM workshops from STEM2STERN to Naval this coming year, enabling many STEM. more historic naval ship museum and new Navy museum educators to Program Updates attend. Planning has begun for next Our STEM-H program began its summer’s teacher fellowships at naval seventh year with a strong start. We museums. merged with Naval STEM through The 2017 Naval Future Force a three-year federal grant awarded Science & Technology (S&T) EXPO on August 1, 2015 and continued to is scheduled for July 20-21 in the efficiently execute the joint USNA STEM Center, USS Washington, DC area. It was during the 2015 EXPO Hornet Museum, and NHF submitted proposal. when NHF finalized its quest for a STEM grant. Inter- Thanks to NHF coordination and funding, 17 addi- estingly, Dr. Ballard was the 2015 EXPO keynote speaker, tional museum educators from our Navy and Marine following the Chief of Naval Research and CNO. After his Corps and historic naval ship museums have attended keynote speech, Dr. Ballard enjoyed a standing-room-only USNA STEM Center workshops since June. One was crowd of nearly 500 students, midshipmen, teachers, scien- held in Port Hueneme, CA and other three were held at tists, engineers, and naval officers at a follow-on seminar. the U.S. Naval Academy. New STEM-H programs have This session included STEM best practices, student been started or expanded at historic naval ship and Navy perspectives, an ONR STEM grants panel, and one-on- museums. one follow-up discussions with Naval STEM represen- A new USNA STEM workshop, “Cyber Operations,” has tatives, “Doing Business with ONR.” The USNA STEM been developed to address an important and timely topic. Center, USS Museum Hornet, and NHF look forward to

To date, seven NHF-sponsored educators have attended highlighting our program’s success at the 2017 EXPO. ACADEMY NAVAL STATES UNITED COURTESY PHOTOS

14 Naval Historical Foundation Essay Prizes Awarded NHF Recognizes Budding Midshipman Scholars

idn. Ryan P. Smith was presented and aspires to become a Surface Warfare HAPPY 90th the Vice Adm. Robert F. Dunn Officer. NROTC: MEssay Contest Grand Prize by Regional First Prize recipients include Capt. Stephen Gillespie, Commanding Midn. Karthik Harihara of the University As with the Naval Officer of the University of North Caro- of Minnesota, Midn. Joshua Little of Point Historical Foundation, lina at Chapel Hill Naval Reserve Officers Loma Nazerine University and Midship- the Naval Reserve Training Corps (NROTC), on September man Aidan Judd of The George Washing- Officer Training Corps 22, 2016 during the Naval Science Leader- ton University. (NROTC) was estab- ship Laboratory, at the UNC Chapel Hill Regional Second Place winners include lished in 1926. The ROTC Armory. Midn. Amy Wikle of Duke University, A native of Waxhaw, North Carolina, Midn. Slawomar Jozwik of Iowa State first campuses to host Midshipman Smith is an outstanding University and Midn. Samuel Melin of San units were Northwest- student who sets an example for his peers Diego State University. ern, Harvard, Yale, with superior academic performance. His Honorable mention certificates were Tech, Univer- essay was titled “Argumentative Analysis sent to the NROTC units at the University sity of Washington, of the Canal Treaties of 1977.” of Idaho and Tulane University for presen- and University of He plans to graduate in May, 2019 with tation to Midn. Matthew Hurd and Midn. California at Berleley. a degree in Business Administration, Anna Louise Dahl. PHOTO COURTESY NROTC UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA UNIVERSITYNORTH OF NROTC COURTESY PHOTO

Pull Together • Fall/Winter 2016 15 Passing the Watch! Saluting Seventeen Years of Service

Admiral Fallon presented Captain Creekman the “Admiral DeMars Chairman’s Award,” which recog- nizes individuals who have made significant contributions to benefit either or both NHF and the Navy’s History and Heritage Command. Senator John W. Warner was the first to receive this award.

ong-time NHF Execu- of collecting, to proper tive Director Capt. Todd repositories within the LCreekman, USN (Ret.) Navy or to outside institu- passed the watch to his relief, tions such as the Library of Clair Sassin, at a Hail and Congress. Creekman was Farewell on September 26. NHF honored by many of the members, friends and family young professionals who were in attendance to applaud worked under him over the Creekman’s accomplishments years; and Dr. Bill Dudley, a during his tenure and welcome board member of both NHF Sassin. At the board meeting NHF President Rear Admiral Langston presents and the National Maritime prior to the celebration, board Creekman with a pen, pencil and specially designed Historical Society, presented members unanimously passed case, all of which were made with wood removed from Creekman with a lifetime a motion granting Creekman the USS Constitution during her many overhauls, on membership certificate. the title of “Executive Director behalf of the board. Sassin comes to NHF Emeritus,” in recognition of his from the Association of service and commitment to NHF. the United States Navy. She has significant experience Under his leadership, Creekman oversaw the transfer of with associations, international partnerships and start-up a large number of art pieces, prints, ship models, personal companies. Her background includes marketing, commu-

papers, documents and artifacts from NHF’s eight decades nications, fundraising, special events and operations. NHF ENG, MATT BY PHOTOS

16 Naval Historical Foundation Clair Sassin (l), NHF’s newest executive director, joins Creekman Dr. David Winkler presented Creekman a painting of “New Years and his wife, Debbie, in slicing the ceremonial cake using NHF’s in Hong Kong Harbour – 1924” on behalf of the staff. The painting, 1917 Navy Cutlass. which portrays ships of the Asiatic squadron with Christmas trees mounted on their masts, was a reproduction of the original.

History of NHF’s Executive Directors

During a good portion of NHF’s 90 year history, was Capt. Kenneth L. Coskey USN (Ret.), who had the organization benefitted from the services of also served as the deputy director of naval history. active duty and government employees who took Coskey, a naval aviator who had been a prisoner of time from their day jobs to handle correspondence war in North Vietnam, served as executive director and other NHF business. In addition, the retired flag for a dozen years, turning over the job to yet another officers who served in NHF leadership positions former deputy director of naval history, Capt. Charles scheduled office hours to manage the affairs of the T. “Todd” Creekman, Jr. organization. This ad-hoc management arrange- Creekman served as NHF’s executive director for ment ended in 1979 when NHF President Vice Adm. the next 17 years, guiding the organization into the Walter S. DeLany led the board to an agreement that 21st century, taking on challenges such as a capital hiring a full-time executive was in the best interest campaign for the Navy Museum’s Cold War Gallery, of NHF. outreach to allied organizations and publishing and In December 1979, Capt. David A. Long, USN supporting the publication of new works in naval (Ret.) became NHF’s first executive director having history. completed a naval career with the surface navy The hiring of Clair Sassin as NHF’s fourth execu- starting in World War II, and with a final active duty tive director opens a new chapter for the organiza- assignment as the deputy director of naval history. tion. Sassin comes to NHF with a passion for history Long served in this position until 1987. His relief and a wealth of business experience.

Pull Together • Fall/Winter 2016 17 NAVAL HISTORY BOOK REVIEW The Fleet at Flood Tide, James D. Hornfischer, Bantam, New York, 2016

Reviewed by Rear Admiral W. J. Holland, Jr., USN (Ret.)

Editor’s Note: Last Winter’s Pull Together featured “A Conversation with Jim Horn- fischer” who touted his forthcoming book Crescendo. He spoke too soon. Follow-on discussions with the publisher led to a new title. Former NHF Vice President Rear Adm. “Jerry” Holland received an advance copy and shares his thoughts below.

ornfischer has done it again! Crafting a historical ashore on Saipan defy easy comprehension because the narrative that is a “page turner” featuring person- topography was so difficult, the unit integrity muddied Halities and decisions as well as crisp commentary even before completion of the landing phase, and the that is not always complimentary to his subjects, he brings Japanese resistance skillful and desperately fanatical. the scenes of battle to life. Using the The fighting in the central highlands Marianas Campaign as the canvas, he of Saipan was platoon based, hand to paints portraits not just of flag offi- hand, with little room for maneuver cers but of individual officers, Sailors, or deception. This was a battle, not of Marines and Soldiers on both sides generals and colonels, but according to with a singular skill in this overarching Hornfischer, of “Second Lieutenants and tale of the end of the war in the Pacific. sergeants pushing their men forward His focus is limited: starting on how into caves.” Tinian and Guam were not the Marianas were targeted in the first so hard and though not so bloody were place – to provide a base for the Army easier to describe. Air Forces to bombard the Japanese The air bombardment of Home Islands – through the opening based in the Marianas is the end point phases of the occupation of Japan. of the story of Paul Tibbets – eventu- The narrative is salted with personal ally pilot of Enola Gay, the Hiroshima recollections and impressions of bomber. Tibbet’s story starts with individuals on both sides. The charac- being fired in North Africa for facing ters chosen reflect the wider attitudes down and embarrassing then Colonel and behaviors of the compatriots. Lauris Norstad over bombing a heavily The centerpiece is the fanaticism of protected port at low level. Saved from the Japanese. The battle ashore was dirty, ferocious and court martial by General Jimmy Doolittle, Tibbets was difficult against an enemy that neither gave nor asked summarily dispatched to create and lead a squadron of for quarter. Inoculated with a fear and hatred of their B-29 bombers dedicated to delivery of the atomic bombs. enemy with their military leadership projecting their own This part of Hornfischer’s story details aviation technology misconduct in the Rape of Nanking onto the Americans, and development, bureaucratic maneuverings and expands many Japanese civilians preferred suicide over surrender. into a discussion of the reasoning behind the use of the The shock of witnessing “…the horror of women, children, bomb against Japan on one side and the insistence of the whole families leaping to their death from high cliffs into Japanese military clique to fight to the last person on the the sea” directly influenced American decisions leading to other. His report of these discussions, set against the back- using the atomic bombs. drop of the slaughter on Saipan arising from the Japanese This is history focused on people and tactics, both at suicidal mindset cemented the decision to use every means sea and on land: all fought for the strategic aim of bring- possible to avoid the planned invasion of the Japanese ing Japan’s Home Islands under aerial bombardment home islands. by long range bombers built for that purpose. The naval Throughout the campaign submarine reconnaissance maneuvers are straightforward and easy to follow. Those played a more significant role than usually portrayed

18 Naval Historical Foundation by those books documenting submarine operations during the war. By mid-1944 U.S. submarines regu- larly reported Japanese fleet movements. These reports became the basis for Spruance’s battle plans in the First Battle of the Philippine Sea. At the same time, subma- rine sinkings in other histories have generally been portrayed without the context of on-going campaigns NHF in Brussels by other forces. Hornfischer cites several that had an Dr. Winkler, NHF’s historian, traveled to Brus- immediate effect on Saipan’s defense. Trout ambushed sels, , in September to participate in a convoy bringing combat regiment from Manchu- an “Avoidance of Hazardous Military Incidents” ria – only 1720 of 4000 Japanese soldiers made it to workshop. With the relations between Russia shore. Pintado and Shark sank three large cargo ships and the NATO alliance in decline, the London- with terrible losses of embarked troops. Hornfischer’s based think- European Leadership Network analysis, “All the air forces available to Admiral Nimitz gathered leading experts in the field to discuss couldn’t have done as much in three days against a current mechanisms to address conflict manage- division of soldiers entrenched ashore as Lockwood’s ment and whether the current arrangements are wolfpacks did in three hours against their transports sufficient to handle ongoing tensions. afloat.” Winkler, whose dissertation on the Incidents Professional military men will enjoy the author’s at Sea Agreement signed by the U.S. and the views on the spiteful criticism by aviation admirals of Soviet Union was published by the Naval Institute Spruance’s decision not to pursue the Japanese carriers Press in 2000 under the title, Cold War at Sea: High after the Marianas Shoot and the contretemps Seas Confrontation between the United States and around the relief of the Army’s division commander on the Soviet Union, has stayed abreast of the topic Saipan by Marine General Holland Smith for lack of following developments in Asia with the signing aggressiveness and inability to control his forces. Older of a Maritime Military Consultative Agreement in navalists will be warmed by the continual reference by January 1998 and the Memorandum of Under- name to individual ships, especially those of the old standing On the Rules of Behavior for the Safety battleships of the pre-war battle line. of Air and Maritime Encounters in November No matter how many histories of the Western 2014 between the United States and China. The Pacific campaigns one has read, this one should not Naval Institute Press plans to publish an updated be missed. Hornfischer has written with insight and version of Winkler’s book in 2017. understanding that makes the campaigns at sea and “We benefitted a lot from having Dr. Winkler ashore real, the choices on ending the war stark and the come to Brussels. His knowledge of both the Cold decision to use the atomic bomb more merciful than War origins of the agreements and current devel- continued sacrifice not only of American but Japanese opments brought significant added value to the civilian lives. workshop,” said event organizer Lukasz Kulesa. Naval History Book Reviews is digitally sent to NHF members on average eight times a year. Pull Together • Fall/Winter 2016 19 The Joy of Finding Almanacs Almanacs and the Navy of the War of 1812 By Vice Adm. George W. Emery, USN, (Ret.)

Almanack 1814 My life-long avoca- tion has been to seek and find contempo- rary writings about the Federal Navy, i.e., the Navy signed into being by George Washington on March 27, 1794. Almanacs, however, had not crossed my mind. But here was Benjamin Franklin, Junior’s Almanack, and on unnumbered pages 22 and 23 was the prize: “A Complete List of the American Navy (Corrected from the latest authorities.) Shewing the Name, number of Guns, Commanders’ names, and station of each Vessel, in December 1813.”

don’t remember how I discovered my first almanac that printed a contemporary report of the Navy of the War of 1812. My notes Isay I acquired many years ago from a bookseller in New York, but little else. It is entitled The Genuine New-England Almanack, or Gentleman’s and Lady’s Diary for the Year of Our Lord 1814…Contain- ing, Besides what is Customary for an Almanack, A Complete List of the AMERICAN NAVY. By Benjamin Franklin Jr. A.M. (, 1813).

20 Naval Historical Foundation United States Almanac This was a wonderful find. Lengthier than most almanacs of its day (44 pages), unnumbered pages 31 through 43, under the banner “NAVAL VICTORIES,” printed copies of official correspon- dence of the naval actions of 1812 and 1813. Included were victorious American commander’s official after-action reports of engagements between Constitution and Guerriere, Wasp and Frolic, United States and Macedonian, Constitution and Java, Hornet and Peacock, Enterprize and Boxer, as well as Perry’s report following his victory on Lake Erie. In New York, John Nathan Hutchins published Hutchins Improved: Being an Almanack and Ephemeris…for 1814. It didn’t match Robert Porter’s effort, but he did devote three pages to short Complete list image Beers’ Almanack, for the Year of descriptions A note at the end of the list told our Lord 1814…Calculated for the of several of me that the almanac went to Meridian of New-Haven (New the same naval press on December 10, 1813, and Haven, 1813) turned up a little actions as well as with one exception it reflected later. Although the title gave An Account of the its title accurately. The exception no hint of the Navy in the text, Action between lay with the Lake Erie squadron unnumbered page 18 yielded the the Chesapeake where Oliver Hazard Perry was “NAVAL WAR, to Oct. 1, 1813.” and Shannon. still inked as commander of the Unlike Franklin’s list this one A year brig Lawrence. Lawrence had included names of vessels taken later in his been no more than a floating and lost. 1815 almanac, wreck since its mauling three Not to be outdone, Stoddard Hutchins, appar- months earlier during Perry’s Capen, Jun. in his New England ently motivated victory on Lake Erie. Ariel had Almanack for 1814 published by the exploits been his flagship since September in Boston, printed his own of David Porter in the Essex, printed a 11. By December 10, Perry had two-page “List of the American six-page extract from Captain Porter’s offi- returned to his home to Newport, Navy” including those “Now cial report of his voyage to the Pacific and RI and resumed his duties with Building” and those “Authorized the loss of his ship under the title Gallant the local gunboat flotilla. Word by law, but not laid down.” defence of the ESSEX. traveled slowly in those days. At about the same time in Andrew Beers of New Haven returned Well, I assumed, if there was Wilmington, Delaware, Robert to a naval theme in his Almanack for 1815, one almanac speaking to the Porter printed and sold The featuring the poem “The Battle of Lake contemporary Navy, there were United States Naval and Miscel- Erie,” borrowed from the Analectic Maga- surely others. Over the last 40 laneous Almanac, for the Year of zine of January 1814, printing it in its years I paged through many Our Lord, 1814…Containing, in entirety across the tops of the 12 monthly examples from the last decade of addition to the usual astronomical calendar pages. the eighteenth century to the first calculations, a Record of the Naval Perhaps no printers of almanacs few of the nineteenth. Pickings Wonders Performed by our Infant displayed more pride in the new Navy were slim, but with persistence Navy. than R. & T. DeSilver of Philadelphia. they were there to find. Continued on next page Pull Together • Fall/Winter 2016 21 While I have yet to lay my eyes on a complete copy of his with the 12 July 1812 departure of Constitution, Isaac Hull 64-page American Naval Almanac for the Year of our Lord commanding, from Chesapeake Bay enroute, eventually, 1815, I have 48 pages of an incomplete copy and of these to his 19 July rendezous with HMS Guerriere. Nearly an alone the DeSilver brothers devoted 27 pages to the Navy. entire page of the chronology is devoted to the action Included are five full-page wood engravings of between the Chesapeake and Shannon. actions of the war. The engravings are unattributed, but the The New York Farmer’s Almanac for 1817 printed in American Antiquarian Society claims they were accom- by Charles Baldwin included three and one plished by Mason after Woodside. A comparison with half pages of naval action anecdotes extracted from Niles’ the four engravings executed by Mason and Woodside in Weekly Register. Thomas Palmer’s The Victories of Hull, Jones, Decatur, Bain- bridge…(Philadelphia, 1813) confirms their assessment. Battle of Lake Champlain Four of the five engravings in the DeSilver almanac are Still later, in his Almanack for 1818, Hosea Stafford, line-by-line reproductions of four engravings in Palmer’s of New Haven, printed the Battle of Lake Champlain. A work and below each the names Mason and Woodside are song, sung in the character of a Negro Sailor, on the New-York printed. Theatre. Tune – “Boyne Water.” The words of this song match those of The Siege of Plattsburg, sung in the Character of a Constitution & Java Black Sailor. Tune: Boyn (Sic)-Water recorded by Robert DeSilvers’ naval content begins with an article entitled W. Neeser in his American Naval Songs & Ballads (New “Macdonough’s Victory” and continues with descriptions Haven, 1938), pages 233 & 234. The writer was Micah of the actions between Constitution and Guerriere, Wasp Hawkins (1777-1825), a New York poet and playwright. and Frolic, United States and Macedonian, Constitution and The song was first performed in Albany on 15 February Java, and Hornet 1815 as “Backside and Peacock, each Albany,” a black- report accompanied face song ridicul- by its associated ing British forces full-page wood following their engraving of the defeat on Lake action. The reports Champlain and are followed with at Plattsburg by a letter from Lieu- Macdonough and tenant George Budd Macomb respec- to the Secretary of tively. It is the the Navy reporting earliest known black the action between dialect song written the Chesapeake and by an American. Shannon, a sketch As late as 1828 of the life of James New Haven’s Elijah Lawrence, and a List Middlebrook in his Constitution & Java of the American Nany Almanac for 1829 (sic) of the United was still printing States as of July, 1813. The Navy segment closes with seven about the Navy that had inspired so many Americans pages of anecdotes of the Continental Navy under the title more than a decade earlier. On unnumbered pages 21 Naval Victories during the American Revolution. and 22 Middlebrook printed A History of the U. S. Frigate Constitution, commonly called ‘Old Ironsides’.” His histori- Chronological table cal synopsis reports her launching in Boston, her success Not surprisingly, the Navy of the War of 1812 does not under Commodore Edward Preble during the wars with disappear from almanacs with the signing of the Treaty of the Barbary powers, and her extraordinary achievements Ghent. Stevens’ improved Connecticut Calendar, or Almanack during the War of 1812. for 1817, printed in New Haven, devotes 10 pages to the ------navy, seven of these in “A Concise Chronological Table Unquestionably there are more unusual sources of of the Naval Events of the Late War between The United naval anecdotes of the War of 1812 out there. They’re just States and Great-Britain.” The chronology commences waiting to be found!

22 Naval Historical Foundation The Admiral James L. Holloway III Society

The Admiral James L. Holloway III Society is a group of benefactors who strongly support the goals and mission of the Naval Historical Foundation through a pledge of support of at least $100,000 over five years. Dr. Dean C. & Mrs. Connie Allard Jr. Dr. J. Phillip & Dr. Jennifer London Mr. Robert C. Jr. & Mrs. Terrye Bellas Mr. Corbin A. McNeill Mr. Martin J. Bollinger Amb. J. William Middendorf II Mr. John K. Castle Rear Adm. John T. Mitchell Jr., USN (Ret.) Adm. & Mrs. Bruce DeMars, USN (Ret.) Mr. Mandell J. Ourisman Adm. Thomas B. Hayward, USN (Ret.) Mr. Michael J. & Mrs. Victoria Wallace Adm. & Mrs. James L. Holloway III, USN (Ret.) Mr. William H. White Mr. David T. Leighton

Members of the Society receive invitations to special events and other opportunities to engage in naval history. If you are interested in discussing membership in the Holloway Society with Admiral Fallon, please contact the Executive Director, Clair Sassin at [email protected].

The Naval Historical Foundation Preservation. Education. Commemoration. Since 1926 Leadership Directors Chairmen Emeritus Adm. William J. Fallon, USN (Ret.) RAdm.John D. Butler, USN (Ret.) Adm. James L. Holloway III, USN (Ret.) Chairman Dr. William S. Dudley Adm. Bruce DeMars, USN (Ret.) Vice Adm. Robert F. Dunn, USN (Ret.) RAdm. Arthur N. Langston, USN (Ret.) Capt. Maurice A. Gauthier, USN (Ret.) Directors Emeritus Acting President RAdm. William J. Holland, USN (Ret.) The Honorable Steven S. Honigman Ambassador J. William Middendorf II Mr. Martin J. Bollinger Dr. J. Phillip London VAdm. William H. Rowden, USN (Ret.) Vice President The Honorable Franklin C. Miller RAdm.John T.Mitchell, USN (Ret.) RAdm. Larry R. Marsh, USN (Ret.) Capt.James A. Noone, USNR (Ret.) Treasurer RAdm. Kathleen K. Paige, USN (Ret.) The Honorable B.J. Penn Dr. Barbara Pilling Dr. David A. Rosenberg Virginia S. Wood

Pull Together • Fall/Winter 2016 23 Naval Historical Foundation 1306 Dahlgren Ave, SE Washington Navy Yard, DC 20374-5055

In Memory of: Lt. Cdr. George W. Glover; Capt. James F. Brooke; Mr. Willis H. Ricco

YOU MAKE A DIFFERENCE Preserving and Honoring the Legacy of Those Who Came Before Us; Educating and Inspiring the Generations Who Will Follow

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Student/Teacher/Active Duty - $25 ______Individual - $35 Street Address/Duty Station Fellowship - $75 Sustaining - $150 ______Organizational - $250 City/State/Zip Life - $500 ______Patrons - Individuals who donate $1,000 and up per year are recognized email in the annual report as NHF Patrons. Members of the Holloway Society ($100,000 and up) are recognized in This is a gift from: ______every edition of Pull Together. Members receive NHF’s publication Pull Together and are entitled to Membership application and renewal may be also accomplished online at receive electronic publications Naval History Book Reviews and Daily Muster. www.navyhistory.org Help make a difference! Please consider giving a gift membership to a friend or associate. Each person to whom you give a membership will receive Dues and other monetary contributions to NHF are tax deductible. Please NHF’s publications for a year, plus a personal letter from the Rear Adm. Arthur make check payable to the Naval Historical Foundation and mail to NHF, 1306 N. Langston, NHF’s president, noting the membership was given from you. Dahlgren Ave, SE Washington Navy Yard, DC 20374-5055.

Pull Together is published by the Naval Historical Foundation. Address submissions and correspondence to Executive Editor, Pull Together, c/o NHF, 1306 Dahlgren Ave. SE, Washington Navy Yard, DC 20374-5055. Editorial Board Phone: (202) 678-4333. E-mail: [email protected]. Subscription is a Executive Director: Ms. Clair S. Sassin benefit of membership in the Naval Historical Foundation. Advertisement Executive Editor: Dr. David Winkler inquiries for future issues and digital content are welcomed. Opinions Designer: Marlece Lusk expressed in Pull Together are those of the authors and do not necessarily relect the views of the Naval Historical Foundation. © 2016