THE

QUARTERLY JOURNAL

OF THE

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.

EDITED BY

THE ASSISTANT-SECRETARY OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

Quod si eui mortalium cordi et cur~e sit non tantum iaventis h~erere, atque iis uti, sed ad ulteriora penetr~re ; atque non disputando adversarium, sed opere naturam vincere ; deaique non belie et probabiliter opinari, sed certo et ostensive seire; tales, tanquam veri scientiarum filii, nobis (si videbitur) se adjungant. --Novum Organum, Pr~fatio.

VOLUME THE FIFTY-FOURTH.

1898.

LONDON : LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO. PARIS : FRIED. KLINCKSIECK, 11 RUE DE LILLE ; F. SAVY, 77 BOULEVARD ST. GERI~IAIN LEIPZIG T. O. WEIGEL.

SOLD ALSO AT THE APARTMENTS OF THE SOCIETY.

~DCCCXCVIII. OY TK]~

OFFICE.RS

OY TH~ GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON

Elected February 18th, 1898.

~re~t~r W. Whitaker, Esq., B.A., F.R.S.

Prof. T. G. Bonney, D.So., LL.D., F.R.S. ~ J. J. H. Teall, Esq., M.A., F.R.S. Prof. J. W. Judd, C.B., LL.D., F.R.S. I Rev. H. H. Winwood, M.A.

R. S. Herries, Esq., M.A. I Prof. W. W. Watts, M.A.

.~ord~n ~crttarp. Sir John Evans, K.C.B., D.C.L., F.R.S., F.L.S.

W. T. B1anford, LL.D., F.R.S.

W. T. Blanford, LL.D., F.R.S. J. E. Mart, Esq., M.A., F.R.S. Prof. T. G. Bonney, D.Sc., LL.D., F.R.S. Prof. It. k. Miers, M.A., F.R.S. Prof. W. Boyd Dawkins, M.A., F.R.S. H. W. Monckton, Esq., F.L.S. Sir John Evans, K.C.B., D.C.L., F.R.S., E. T. Newton, Esq., F.R.S. F.L.S. Prof. H. G. Seeley, F.R.S. F. W. Harmer, Esq. Prof.W. J' Sollas, M.A.,D.Sc.,LL.D.,F.R.S. R. S. Herries, Esq., M.A. A. Strahan, Esq., M.A. Henry Hicks, M.D., I~.R.S. J. J. H. Teall, Esq., M.A., F.R.S. Rev. Edwin Hill, M.A. Prof. W. W. Watts, M.A. G. g. Hinde, Ph.D., F.R.S. W. Whitaker, Esq., B.A., F.R.S. W. H. Hudleston, Esq., M.A., F.R.S.,F.L.S. Rev. H. H. Winwood, M.A. Prof. J. W. Judd, C.B., LL.D., F.R.S. A. S. Woodward, Esq., F.L.S.]

~i6tant-becr~tarp, ~EItt~, Kibrarian, an~ Curator' L. L. Belinfante, ~[.Sc.

A~aiatanta in OHio,, ~(brar~, an~ :~ua~um. w. Ruper[~ Jones. [ Clyde H. :Black. TABLE OF CONT.ENTS.

]Page ACLAND, H. D., Esq. On a Volcanic Series in the Malvern Hills, near the Herefordshire Beacon ...... 556 ARNOLD-BEMROSE, H. H., Esq. On a Quartz-rock in the Carboni- ferous Limestone of Derbyshire. (Plates XI & XII.) ...... ]69 BARROW, G., Esq. On the Occurrence of Chloritoid in Kincardine- shire ...... 149 BATH~I% F. A., Esq. Petalocrinus, Weller & Davidson. (Plates XXV & XXVI.) ...... 401 BLAir,, Rev. J.F. The Laccolites of Cutch and their Relations to the other Igneous Masses of the District. (Abstract.) ...... 12 BonNIlY, Prof. T.G. The Garnet-Actinolite Schists on the Southern Side of the St. Gerhard Pass.. : ...... 357 BVC•MAN, S. S., Esq. On the Groupin~ of some Divisions of so- called ' ' Time. (Tables I & II.) ...... 442 CALLAWAu Dr. C. On the Metamorphism of a Series of Grits and Shales in Northern Anglesey ...... 374

CARTER, the late J. A Contribution to the Paleeontology of the Decapod Crustacea of England. (Plates I & II.) ...... 15

C~A~A~, F., Esq. On the Foraminifera from Bissex Hill and Bowmanston ...... 550

COI)RI~GTON, T., Esq. On some Submerged Rock-valleys in South Wales~ Devon, and Cornwall ...... 251 CU~NINGTON, W., Esq. On some Pal~eolithic Implements from the Plateau-Gravels, and their Evidence concerning ~Eolithic ' Man. 291 D.~wso~, C, Esq. On the Discovery of Natural Gas in East Sussex. 564 DONALD, Miss J. Observations on the Genus Aclisi~a, De Koninck~ with Descriptions of British Species and of some other Car- boniferous Gasteropoda. (Plates III-V.) ...... 45 a2 lV T~BL:E OF CONTE'bTTS, Page ELLES, Miss G. L. The Graptolite-Fauna of the Skiddaw Slates. (Plate XXVII.) ...... 463 FOX-STRANGWAYS,C., Esq. Section~ along the Lancashire, Derby- shire, and East Coast Railway, between Lincoln and Chester- field. (Plate X.) ...... 157 FRAnXS, G. F., Esq., & Prof. J. B. HA~aISON. The Globigerina- Marls and Basal Reef-rocks of Barbados ...... 540 GAnDI~, C. I., Esq., & S. H. REYI~OLDS, Esq. The Bala Beds and Associated Igneous Rocks of Lambay Island, Co. Dublin. (Plate IX.) ...... 135

GARDINER, J. STANLEY, Esq. The Geology of Rotuma ...... 1

GARWOO~). E. J., Esq., & Dr. J. W. GREGORY. Cnntributions to the Glacial Geology of Spitsbergen. (Plates XIII-XIX.) .... 197 GR]~GORY, Dr. J. Vir., & E. :l. GA~woo~), E~cl. Contributions to the Glacial Geology of Spitsbergen. (Plates XIII-XIX.) .... 197 GRESLEY, W. S., Esq. Some New Plants, and how they contributed to the Formation of Coal-seams. (Abstract.) 196

- Cone-in-Cone : Additional Facts from Various Countries. (Abstract.) ...... 196 HAI~MER, F. W., Esq. The Pliocene Deposits of the East of England : The Lenham Beds and the Coralline Crag ...... 308 HARnISO.n, Prof. J. B., & G. F. F~ANKS, Esq. The Globigerina- Marls and Basal Reef-rocks of Barbados ...... 540 tIATC~, Dr. F.H. A Geolo~cal Survey of the Witwa~ersrand and other Districts in the Southern Transvaal. (Plate VI.) ...... 73 I-IEwITT, Dr. J.T. Note on Natural Gas at tteathfield Station (Sussex) ...... 572

JENNINQS, A. V., Esq. The Sgructure of the Davos Valley ...... 279

JcxEs-B~ow~, A. J., Esq. On an Outlier of Cenomanian and Turonian ~equivalent to Lower and Middle Chalk] near Honiton, with a Note on Holaster altus, Ag. (Plate XXIV.) ...... 239 K~TTLITZ~ Dr. R. Observations on the Geology of ...... 620 MADA~n, H. G., Esq. Note on an Ebbing and Flowing Well at Newton Nottage (Glamorganshire) ...... 301

MONCKTOI~, H. W.~ ]~sq. On some Gravels of the Bagshot District 184 MORTON, G. H., Esq. The Carboniferous Limestone of the Country around Llandudno (North Wales) ...... 382 TABLE OF CO~TEN~S. V

NEWTON, E. T, Esq., & J. J. H. TEALL, Esq. Additional Notes on P~ge Rocks and Fossils from Franz J osef Land. (Plate XXIX.) .. 646 PA~Kr~SO~, J, EscI. On the Pyromerides of Boulay Bay (Jersey). (Plate VII.) ...... I01 POLLgN, Rev. G. C.H. Explor~tion of Ty Newydd Caves, Tre- meirchion, North Wales. (Plate VIII.) ...... 119 READ~, T. M., Esq. Post-Glacial Beds exposed in the Cutting of the New Brugcs Canal ...... 575

~. High-level Marine Drift at Colwyn Bay. (Abstract.) .. 582 ]~EID, C, Esq. The Deposits of Devon ...... "234 RE:~OLDS, S. H, Esq., & C. I. GAI~DINER,Esq. The Bala Beds and Associated :Igneous Rocks of Lambay lsland~ Co. Dublin. (Plate IX.) ...... 135 SA~, T. B. F., Esq. On the Origin of the Auriferous Conglomerates of the Gold Coast Colony, West Af~ica. (Abstract.) ...... 290 SH~CBSOLE, O. A., Esq. On some High-level Gravels in Berkshire and Oxfordshire. (Plate XXVIII.) ...... 585 TEALL, J. J. H., Esq. A Phosphatized Trachyte from Clipl~erton Atoll~ Northern Pacific. (k'la~e XXIII.) ...... 280 & E. T. NEWTON, Esq. Additional Notes on Rocks and Fossils from Franz Josef Land. (Plate XXIX.) ...... 646 WEDD, C. B., Esq. On the Corallian Rocks of UpWare (Cambs) .. 601 W~ARTON, Adm. Sir W.J. Note on Clipperton Atoll~ Northern Pacific. (Plates XX-XXII.) ...... 228 WooDs, H., Esq. Notes on the ~Rotuman] Rocks collected by Mr. Stanley Ga~diner ...... 10 WOOLACOI"T, D., Esq. An Explanation of the Claxheugh Section, Co. Durham. (Abstract.) ...... 14

PROCEEDINGS. Proceedings of the Meetings ...... i, ciii Annual Report ...... ix List of Donors to the Library ...... xiii List of Foreign • ...... : ...... xxv List of Foreign Correspondents ...... xxvi Y1 TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page List of Wollaston Medallists ...... xxvii List of Murchison Medallists ...... xxix

List of Lyell Medallists ...... xxx

List of Bigsby Medallists ...... xxxi

Applications of the Barlow-Jameson Fund ...... xxxi

Financial Report ...... xxxii

Award of the Medals, etc ...... xxxix

Anniversary Address ...... li

BAUER~[AN, H., Esq. On the u International Geological Congress ...... iii BLAKE, Rev. J.F. A Revindication of the Llanberis Unconfor- mity. (Title only.) ...... v

HIcKs, Dr. H. On Pleistocene Deposits in North-western Mid- dlesex ...... ii

Announcement of Dr. C. Barrois's visit ...... viii

Jol~S, Prof. T.R. On Implements from Swaziland and Somali- land ...... cv JUDI), Prof. J.W. On Outline Geological Maps of England and Wales ...... vi

--. On Coral-Reef Boring at Funafuti ...... ciii

NEWTON, E. T., Esq. On Rhinoceros antz'quitatls & other Remains from Carshalton ...... ii

SEEL~Y, Prof. H.G. On an Opalized Plesiosaurian Humerus from New South Wales ...... cvi WATTS~ I)r0f. W.W. On a Pleistocene Deposit at Carshalton .. ii ~rHITA:K:E~ W.~ Esq. On a Pleistocene Deposit at Carshalton.. ii WOODWAI~D, H. B, Esq. On Fossil Mud-films in a Quartzite from Criccieth (Caernarvon) ...... iii LIST OF THE FOSSILS DESCRIBED AND FIGURED IN THIS VOLUME.

Name of Species. Formation. 1 Locality. Pag_e

~LANT~E.

Ginkgopolaris(?). Pl. xxix,~g. 3. I Oxfordian ...... I( FranzJ~Land ...... 649

GRAPTOLITOIDEA.

Azygograp~us cMebs ( Upper Skiddaw ~ EUergilI 514 ' " ...... Slates ...... "...... Lapworthi ...... ~ Middle Skiddaw i Portinseal~ ...... 513 BrY~ Text'" ~ Slates ...... "1 Keswick District 514 fig. 2 ...... [ Lower Skiddaw i 470 - Kjemdfi. Text-fig. 1...... [ Slates I" Barf ...... t 469 = ramosus var. c~?lSre~si8 nov ...... L Climacograptus Scharenbergi -{ )UpperSkiddaw Thornship Be&. 519 ...... Slates ...... Clonograptus flexilis ...... Skiddaw Slates. (?) 473 f Lower Skiddaw cf. &nellus ...... [ Slates j Barf ...... 474 -- sp. ~ Middle Skiddaw "] "'" ( Slates ...... 474 CryptograTtus (?) antennari~ 1 Upper Skiddaw i Text-fig. 31 ...... Slates ...... 519 .J_ ttoTkinson i ( Middle & Upper ...... Sk. SI ...... I' Keswiek dimqet 520 DicellograTtus moffatensis { UpperSlates Skiddaw ...... ] 516 Dichograptus octobrachiatus ..... l MiddIeslatesSkiddaw I i 483 seTaratus , sp. nov. Text-fig. r 10 ...... J ...... " "I Keswiok & Shap i,484 1)idymoyral)tus affinis ...... Skiddaw Slates. I districts ...... 503 bifidus ...... f[ UpperSlates Skiddaw ...... I Ellergill ...... 511

- extensus { Middle Skiddaw t Keswiok district 504 ...... Slates ..o Vlll FOSSILS DESCRIBED AND FIGURED.

:Name of Speeies. I Formation. Locality. I Page

(]RAeTOLITOn)EA (continued).

JDidymograptus fasciculatus. Text- 1 Upper Skiddaw 507 fig. 24 ...... Slates I} Ulleswater' ere" ~ gibberulus. Text-figs. 17 & 18 ] Middle Skiddaw 496 506 .. gracilis ...... f Slates ...... Keswick district indenlus ...... ] Upper & Middle 510 var. nanus ...... f SkiddawSlate~ 511 Keswiek & Shap s Text-fig. 21 ... ~ I districts ...... 502 nitidus. Text-figs. 19 & 20 . I, Middle Skiddaw Keswick district 499 patulus. Text-figs. 22 & 23/I Slates ...... Keswiek & Ulles- water districts 504 V-fraztus. Text-figs. 25-28. ) Keswick district 5O8 var. volucer ...... (?) ~ 510 JDiplograptusappendiculatus. Text. ] Upper Skiddaw Outerside ...... fig. 30 ...... f Slates ...... ( 518 l" Shap, Ulles- den~atus ! t water, ete .... 517 of. teretiusculus ...... Keswick district 518 Glossograptus armatus. Text- Upper Skiddaw / fig. 33 ...... Slates 'ti Thornship Beck 522 [ Keswick & Cross --fimbriatus. Text-fig. 32 ... I~ Fetl districts. 521

-- el. Hincksii Thornship Beck 522 Uppermost [ Ulleswater & LeTtograptus sp ...... Skiddaw Slates ~[ Bassenthwaite 516 Loqanograp~us Logani ...... / /'476 t)hyllograptus angustifolius .i I 496 Anna. Text-fig. 16 ...... i| Middle Skiddaw } 494 ? ], Keswiek district ilicifolius ...... I Slates ...... i ~ 493 -- var.grandis nov. Text- l fig. 15 ...... J 1 493 Pleurograp~us vagans. Text-fig. 8. Skiddaw Slates. Kcswick district "481 f Upper Skiddaw _Pterograptus (?J sp. Text-fig. 9 ... 1. Slates (?) ...... J Aik Beck ...... 482 8chizograptus reticulatus ...... ] Keswick district 480 -- tardifurcatus, sp. nov. Text- Skiddaw Slates . Carlside Edge... 480 fig. 7 ...... Temnograptus multiplex. Text- Peelwyke ...... 477 fig. 6 ...... Tetragraptus Bigsbyi ...... Middle Skiddaw Keswiek districl 488 c~uc~fer. Text-fig. 12 ...... Slates ...... "{ Barf ...... 488 Headi. Text-fig. 11 ...... Keswick district 486 pendens, sp. nov. Text-6g. 13 Barf ...... 491 Postlethwaitii, sp. nov. Text- 492 fig. 14 ...... } Skiddaw Slates. } Ttadribrachiatus ...... ~, Middle Skiddawl f Kcswick district 485 serra ...... ~ Slates ...... J 490 Thamnoffraptus 1)overt ...... Skiddaw Slates. l~ndal Crag ... 524 Trichograptus fragilis ...... iI I [ Shap district ... 476 TrigonograTtus ensiformis. Text- Upper Skiddaw / ...... 523 fig. 34 ...... Slates ...... ~ • JJeeK. = lanceolatus ...... I (_Ellergill ...... 5~ Middle Skiddaw 1 ...... Trochograptus diffusus. P1. xxvii Slates ...... [] a~cswm~ cussrms 479 FOSSILS DESCI~IBED AI~D FIGURED. ix

:Name of Species. Formation. Locality. L Pago

:EcHII~0IDEA.

Holaster altus. P1. xxiv ...... ]{Cenomanian [=

CYATHOCRINOIDEA. Petalocrinus angustus, sp. nov. Lower P1. xxv, figs. 26-32 ...... 1 425 I Wisby ...... ex29ansus , sp. nov. P1. xxv Upper Silurian figs. 33-36 & text-figs. 13, 14 .... 434 infe~qor, sp. nov. P1. xxvi 426 fig. 57 & text-fig. 10 ...... IOWa ...... longus, sp. nov. Pl. xxvi, i Niagara Lime- Indiana ...... 431 figs. 58-65 & text-figs. 11, 12 ... stone ...... -- mirabilis. P1. xxvi, figs. 37- Iowa ...... 427 56 ...... ,.. J i -- visbyeensis, sp. nov. PI. xxv, Wisby ...... 421 figs. 1-25 & text-fig. 8 ...... Lower Silurian. --~ (senior). P1. xxv, figs. Westergarn ... 424 12-15 & text-fig. 9 ......

~/~ACRURA.

fig. 2 '...... : ...... Northampton...[ 16 Nephrops Reedi, sp. nov. P1. i,/} Boyton 16 fig. 1 ...... j J"

]~RACHYURs Act~opsis Wiltshirei, sp. nov. P1. ii ] Lower Green- t Atherfield ...... fig. 3 ...... f sand ...... 35 Campylostoma ma~utiforme 30 London Clay .. i Various(?) ...... 26 C~/p]wnotus incertus ...... Chloritic Marl. Chard ...... 20 Cambridge ~iaulax Carterian~ ...... I (?) 19 k Greensand .. -- Oweni ...... Chalk ...... Kent ...... 20 f Middle Heador sp ...... Whitecliff Bay . 20 Beds ...... 1)romilites Bucklandi ...... ] Red Crag Suffolk ...... ( is -- .Lamarckii ...... (deriv.) ...... ~ 19 Cambridge Etyus Martini ...... (:) 36 Greensand ... ! F~ucorystes Broderi2ii ...... Gault ...... 25 Cambridge --- Car~eri ...... 25 Greensand .. i (~)D Gastrosacus Wetzleri. P1. i, fig. 3. Coral Rag ...... Upware ...... 18 Goniochele angulata. P1. i, fig. 6. London Clay ... if) 23 Goniocypoda sulcata, sp. nov. P1. Lower Green- ~ Shanklin ii, fig. l0 ...... sand ...... ~ " ...... 43 Homolo2sis depressa, sp. nov. P1. |Gault & Cam-| 1, rio.O" off~ ...... ~ bridge Green. Various ...... 22 Edwardsii. P1. i, fig. 4 ...... j sand ...... 21 FOSSILS DESCRIBED AND FIGURED.

Name of Species. ] Formation. Locality. ] Page

BRACH~Va~ (continued). )llithracia libinioides. P1. ii, fig. 8. London Clay ... Sheppey ...... 31 Cambridge oblita, sp. nov. P1. ii, fig. 4... } (.9) 31 Greensand ... Lower Green- Mithracites vectensis ...... Atherfield ...... 32 [ s~nd ...... f Cambridge lgecroec~rciuus Jgechei. P1. i, fig. 9. (.9) 27 Greensand tricarinatus ...... Do. & Gault ... (.9) 28 Cambridge Woodwardii. P1. ii, fig. 1 .. (.9) 29 I. Greensand ... Neptunus vectensis, sp. nov. P1. ii ] Hamstead Beds. Itamstead ...... 33 fig. 2 ...... Upper Green- Orithopsis JBonneyi ...... Various ...... 29 sand & Gault. _Palceocorystes Normani ...... Chalk ...... Dover ...... 24 Cambridge SLokesii. P1. i, fig. 8 ...... ] 24 Greensand ... (.9) I)lagioloThus Wetherellii. P1. ii ] London Clay ... Sheppey (.9) ...... 40 fig. 6 ...... Upper Green- Plagiophthalmus oviformis ...... Warminster ... 21 i sand ...... PodoTilumnus Fittoni. Pl.ii, fig. 7. ' Greensand' ... Lyme Regis ... 42 _Portunites incerta ...... London Clay ... (.9) 34 Ranina (Rauinella ?) atava, sp. nov. ~ Upper Greem Warminster ... 24 P1. i, fig. 7 ...... ) sand ...... Rhachiosoma bispinosum ...... London Clay .. Portsmouth ... 35 Upper Green- Trachs, notus su/catus ...... sand ...... Wiltshire ...... 33 Xanthili~es ~owerbankii ...... London Clay ... (?) 41 Xanthopsis bi~Tinosa ...... (?) (0 40 ~ Leachii ...... London Clay ... Various ...... 40 .Xanthosia gibbos(l ...... (.9) (.9) 37 flq'anulosa. P1. ii, fig. 5 ...... ] Cambridge (.9) 37 similis. P1. ii, fig. 9 ...... j~ Greensand ... 38

LAMELLIBRANCttIATA.

1 . . 650 I~wceramus (?9. P1. xxix, ..... | . Land ...... it 650

GASTEROPODA.

Aclisina aciculata, sp. nov. PI. iv "~ S. Scotland ...... 59 figs. 4-6 atte~uata, sp. nov. P1. iv, 1 Glencart ...... 58 figs. 2 &3 ...... costula~a. P1. iii, figs. 12--14 ] S. Scotland .... 56 I -- var. dubia nov. PI. iii Craige~glen .. 57 fig. 15 ...... i Carboniferous elegantula, sp. nov. PI. iv, Limestone. Law, Dairy ...... 62 figs. 13-13 c ...... -- elongata. P1. iii, fig. 6 ...... ] Penton ...... 54 -- vat. cingulata nov. 1-'1. t Various ...... 55 iii. figs. 7, 8 & 10 ...... I ~ vat. varians nov. P1. i (.9) 55 iii, fig. 9 ...... ) FOSSILS DESCRIBED AND FIGURED. xi

Name of Species. I Formation. 1 Locality. Page

GASTEROVOnA (continued). Aclisina grantonensis, sp. nov. P1. Calciferous I Woodhall 60 iv, figs. 7-9 ...... Sandstone ... ~ ...... ]mrvulc~, sp. nov. P1. iv, figs. ~ Lower Garb. [ S. Scotland ...... 64 1-2c ...... [ Limest. Cullion, Dra- polyg~/ra. P1. iii, fig. 11 ...... "..... [ perstown .. 55 ~-- pulehra var. intermedia nov. [ Dairy ..... 53 Pl. iii, fig. 5 ...... t Law, -- var. tenuis. Pl. iii, figs. Carboniferous... S. Scotland ...... 52 ]-4 ...... pu.~illa, sp. nov. P1. iv, figs. Carboniferous } Dah-y ...... 63 14 & 15 ...... Limestone. =- quadrata, sp. nov. P1. iv, fig. "] 11 I Lower Carboni- var. striatissimw nov. J Pl. iv, figs. 12-12 b ...... ~ ferous Lime- ~ Law, Dairy ...... ~similis, sp. nov. Pl. iii, fig. 16 I stone ...... i! P1. iv, ~g. 1 ...... ) J t, 57 -- sulcatulc~. P1. v, fig. 3 ...... ~ Lower CarbonL Carrickoughter. 64 tenuistriata, sp. nov. t)1. iv, [ ferous Penton ...... 60 fig. 10 ...... " ...... -- terebra, sp. nov. :P1. iv. figs. | Lower Garb. Crawfield, B eith. 63 16&16a ...... ] Limest ...... Mierentoma nancy, gem nov. P1. v ~ t~ettle & Park figs. 12 & 13 ...... Hill ...... 70 Murchisonia [Aclisoides] striatula. Settle & Craigen- P1. v, figs: 6-8 ...... Carboniferous glen ...... 67 [ ] ~ var. Armstrong- Limestone ... Law & Craigeu- iana nov. Pl. v, figs. 9 & 10 ... glen ...... 68 datr~jensis. P1. v. fig. tl ...... Dairy ...... 68 Rhabdospira comTacta, subgen. & Yoredale Rocks Hollin Gill ...... 66 sp. nov. P1. v, figs. 5 & 5 a ...... Selkirkii, sp. nov. Pl. v. fig. 4 i Lower Garb. } Braidwood 65 Limest ......

CEPHKLOPODA. Ammonites JLamberti. P1. xxix, ( Franz Josef Oxfordian ..... fig. 2 ...... Land ...... 649 Arietites Turneri, gen. emend ...... Lower Lias ...... 452 Franz Josef JBelemnites, sp. P1. xxix, fig. 5 ... Jurassic (?) ..... Land ...... 650 ,Brasilia bradfordensis, gen. nov .... Inferior Oolite. 458 Codoceras yettus, gen. emend ...... 454 Daretlia 8emicostat~, nom. nov .... 459 Jurassic ...... Emileia Broechi, gen. nov ...... 456 Graphoceras v-scripture, gem nov.. 458 Zioceras opaliniforme, sp. nov ...... Yeovil Sands ... f458 _Paltopleuroceras spinaSum, nom. Middle Lias ... nov ...... } 453 8tepheoceras, nora. nov ...... Oolite ...... 454 Uptouia jamesoni, gen. nov ...... Lower Lias ...... 453 EXPLAN.~TION OF THE PLATES.

PLATE PAGE I-II. ~ DECAPOD CRUSTACEA, to illustrate the late J. Carter's paper [ on Fossil Species of these from England ...... 1.5 ACLISINA, ]~,HABDOSPIRA, ~URCttISONIA, and MICRE~TO~A III-V. { from the Carboniferous Limestone of Britain, to illustrate Miss J. Donald's paper on those fossils ...... 45 ( GEOLOGICAL MAP OF TIIE SOUTHERN TRANSVAAL; SECTION I FROM THE MAGALIESBERG THROUGH JOIIANNESBURGAND THE I ~IGEL MINE; and SECTION FROM THE GATSRAND ACROSS vI.~ THE VAAL RIVER TO PARYS, to illustrate Dr. F. H. I I Hatch's paper on the Witwatersrand and other Districts (_ in the Southern Transvaal ...... 73 f MIcROSCOPB-SECTIONS OF PYROMERIDES OF BOULAY BAY vii. ~ (JERSEY),to illustrate Mr. J. Parkinson's paper OH those t rocks ...... 101 (~ONGITUDINAL SECTION OF THE WESTERN CAVE, TY ~EWYDD~ VIII. ~ to illustrate the Rev. (~. C. I~I. Pollen's paper on the t Exploration of the Ty l%wydd Caves ...... 119 GEOLOGICAL MAP OF LAMBAY ISLAND, to illustrate Messrs. C. IX. { I. Gardiner & S. H. Reynolds's paper on the Bala Beds and Associated Igneous Rocks of that island ...... 135

f VERTICAL ~ECTIONS IN BOLSOVER TUNNEL, and SECTION ACROSS THE ALLUVIUM OF THE TRENT VALLEY, to illustrate Mr. C. X. Fox-Strangways's paper on the railway between Lincoln and Chesterfield ...... 157 MAP OF DISTRICT NORTH-EAST OF BONSALL ; and MICROSCOPE- xI- XlI. SECTIONS OF (~UARTZ-ROCK AND QUARTZOSE LIMESTONE FROM DERBYSHIRE, to illustrate Mr. H. H. Arnold Bern- I rose's paper on those rocks ...... 169 I STRATIFIED AND CONTORTED MORAINIC MATERIAL IN ICE I FORMATION OF CRESCENTIC MORAINES; TERMINAL MORAINES~ ETC. OF iVORY (~LACIER ; ADVANCE OF iVORY (~LACIER; XIII- TERI~IINAL FRONTS OF BOOMING AND ]~ALDIIEAD (~LACIERS ; XIX. VIEWS OF BOOMING , SHOWING RAISED EDGE AND CENTRE SAGGING AWAY FROM SIDE OF VALLEY; and STARASH- Chin RIDGE, tO illustrate ~s E. J. Garwood & J. W. Gregory's paper on the Glacial Geology of Spitsbergen. 197 EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. xiii

PLATE PAc~ [MAP OF 0LIPPERTON ATOLL; VIEW OF [ROCK IBID., LOOK[NO xx-xxlI. 1 .o~.-w~sT: snd ~AR VIEW OF T~r SA~, to illustrate [ Adm. Sir W. & Wharton's paper on that atoll ...... 228

MICROSCOPE - SECTIONS OF ]PHosPHATIZED TRACIIYTE FROM XXIII. CL~ePERTO~ATOLL, to illustrate Mr. ft. J. H. Teall's paper on that rock ...... 230

~" I:~OL&STER ALTUS, Ag., to illustrate :Mr. A. J. Jukes-Browne's XXIV. L note on that fossil ...... 246

X~V-J 19E~L~ FROIg GOTLAND: and I-)ETALOCRINUS FROM XXVI. ~ NORTHAMERICA, to illustrate Mr. F. A. ]3ather's paper on 401 that genus ......

{ TROCHOORAPTITS DIFFIISU,U (Holm), to illustrate Miss C~. L. XKVII. Elles's paper on the Graptolite-Fauna of the Skiddaw Slates ...... 463

SKETCH-MAP OH I~[IGII-LEVEL GRAVELS IN T~E I~,EADING XXVlII. { I)~STRICT,to illustrate Mr. O. A. Shrubsole's paper on those deposits ...... 585

~XKIX. ~JURASSIC FOSSILS FROM FRANZ JOSE~ LAI~D, to illustrate [ Mr. E. T. 5Iewton's notes on the same ...... 648

TABLES [ ' JURASSIC ' TIME-DIVISIONS; and A.~IMOl~IT~.-Gm~EALO~Y, tO I & n. 1 illustrate Mr. S. S. Buekman's paper on the Grouping of some Divisions of so-called ' Jurassic' Time ...... 442 PROCESS-BLOCKS AND OTHER ILLUSTt~s FIGURES

BESIDES THOSE IN THE PLATES.

I~[G. PAGE Map of Rotuma Island ...... 3

1-3. Plan and sections of An Mafiri Cave ...... 8 l. Plan of Reef-outcrops in the Chimes District ...... 82 2. Upthrow-fault in the Crown Reef Mine ...... 83 Section through the Witwatersrand Beds, at the New Rand 3.( Mines borehole ...... 85 4. Reversed fault in the Witwatersrand Mine ...... 96 Reversed fault by the Great Simmer Dyke, in the Rose Deep, 5.{ Witwatersrand ...... 97 6. Reversed fault in the Crown Deep Mine ...... 98 1. Diagram [of pyromeride] ...... 108 2, 3. Pyromerides from Conway Mountain ...... 112 4. Diagram showing the relation of a nodule to flow-brecciation. 113 Diagram of fragment [of pyromeride] showing growth normal 5.{ to its sides ...... 115 6-8. Pyromerides from Boulay Bay ...... 117 ~Seetion of valley between Cae Gwyn Cave and Craig Tre- 1. t meirehion ...: ...... 121 2. Plan of Ty Newydd Caves ...... 124 3. Section in the Eastern Cave [Ty Newydd] ...... 125 4. Section X in the Western Cave [Ty Newydd] ...... 129 J" Section of Heath Hill, from near Kiln Point through Seal 1. [ Hole [Lambay I.] ...... 137 2. Microscope-section of Conglomerate from Kiln Point ...... 138 3. Microscope-section of vesicular andesite from Freshwater Bay. 144 Microscope-section of chloritoid from Friar Glen Burn (Kin- cardineshire) ...... 154 1. Section at Warsop Colliery Junction ...... 160 PI~OCESS-BLOCKS AND OTHER ILLUSTRATIVE FIGUR~So XV

:FIG. PAG~ 2. Section in Scarcliff cutting ...... 161 3. Do. at the western end of Bolsover Tunnel ...... 162 4. Do. at the western end of Duckmanton Tunnel ...... 165 5. Do. in railway-cutting west of Hady Plantation ...... 166 1. [View in gravel-pit] Easthampstead Plain, Gravel Hill ...... 185 2. Section on :Red Road, Chobham Ridges (Surrey) ...... 187 3. [View of] Gravel-pit with numerous sarsens, Chobham Ridges. 189 4. Section in Windsor Ride Gravel-pit ...... 190 1. Map of a portion of Spitsbergen ...... 201 j" Diagram showing travel of material up an inclined plane, and, 2. [ ultimately deposited in front of a glacier ...... : ...... 204 3. Section along the valley-floor from Sassendal to Agardh Bay... 206 4. Part of the eastern side of Booming Glacier ...... 207 5. Sketeh-planandsectionsofesker-likegravel-ridge[Spitsbergen]. 212 6. Diagram of the l=Iekla Hook Glacial Beds, Bell Sound ...... 216 1. Geological map of the country south-east of Honiton ...... 240 2. Section across the Widworthy outlier ...... 245 1. Do. across Neyland Pill ...... 252 2. Do. through entrance-lock, Milford Docks ...... 252 3o Do. across the Wye at Chepstow Railway-bridge ...... 256 4, 5. Do. in Chepstow Bridge cylinders ...... 258 6. Do. across the :River Severn, at Severn Bridge...... 260 7. Do. Do. at Gloucester ...... 260 8. Do. across the River Dart at Maypool ...... 262 9. Do. across Longwood & Noss Creeks ...... 263 10. Do. across the River Tavy ...... 266 11. Do. across Coombe Lake ...... 267 1. Map of the Dares Valley ...... 281 2. Longitudinal and transverse sections of the Dares Valley ...... 284 3. Views of the Dares Valley ...... 286 1,2. Palmolithic flint-implements from the Kentish plateau ...... 292 3. Do. Do. from Fakeham (KeIlt) ...... 294 4. Do. Do. from Maplescombe (Kent) ...... 296 Comparative Diagram of the tidal waves in the sea and the well at Eewton Eottage ...... 304 xvi PROC,ESS-BLOCKS AND OTHER ILLUSTRATIVE FI6URES.

( Map showing the probable western and southern limits of the l. ] German Ocean during the , and at the commence- L ment and towards the end of the Diestien period ...... 316 2. Rod-like bodies in Coralline Crag residues ...... 323 f Section showing the irregular surface of the London Clay 3. [ under the Coralline Crag at Ramsholt and Sutton ...... 324 4. Map of the main mass of the Coralline Crag ...... 326 .f Section showing the structure of the Coralline Crag and its 5. [ progressive dip N.I~.E. of its junction with the London Clay. 328 (Diagram showing the comparative positions of the supposed 6. ~ zones in the Coralline Crag, according to Prestwich ...... 329 Sections and borings in the Coralline Crag between Boyton 7( and Iken ...... 332 8. Section of the Comer pit ...... 335 9, 10. Sections of the Bullock-yard Pit, Iken ...... 340, 341 Hornblendic streaks in felspathic diorite, fringed with bristling 1.{ actinolite-crystals, or passing into a tangle of the latter ...... 361 2. Bunches of aetinolite on a block ...... 362 3. Tuft of hornblende-crystals ...... 362 f Diagrammatic sketch of a face of garnet-actinolite rock [St. 4. L G-othard] ...... 363 Microscope-section of biotite including a small flake of the 5' L green variety, with iron oxide, etc ...... ' ...... 365 f Microscope-section showing one end of a lancet-shaped crystal 6. [ of actinolite, tipped and fringed with flakes of biotite ...... 367 1-3. Microscope-sections of schist from Pant-y-GIG ...... 378-380 1. Plan of lodes at the Great Orme's Head ...... 384 2. Geological Map of the Great Orme's Head ...... 386 3. Section in quarry at the Little Orme's Head ...... 395 1. t)etalocrinus mirabilis ...... 401 2. -- ~, microscope-section of matrix ...... 404 3. -- --, diagram of tegmen ...... 409 ~--visbycensis, diagram showing branching of grooves in 4. ( arm-fan ...... 412 5. ~ , diagram of arm-facet ...... 416 visbycensis, series of sections across proximal end and 6, 7. horizontal section of arm-fan ...... 418 8. -- --, tracings of arm-fans, partly restored ...... 423

9. -- -- (senior), tracing of arm-fan ...... 424 PROCESS-BLOCKS AND OTHER ILLUSTRATIVE FIGURES. X~rii

FIG. PAGE 10. Petaloerinus inferior, restored tracing of an arm-fan 427

lon.qus, outline and branching of arm-fan, and hypo- 11, 12. thetical diagram of the same ...... 432

-- exTansus, tracing of arm-fan, and hypothetical diagram 13, 14. ( of the same..i .... ., ...... 435

15. Diagrams of Arachnocrinus bulbosus ...... 437

1. Bryograptus K31erulfi ...... : ..... 470

2. ---- Callavei ...... 470

3, 4. -- ramosus, var. eumbrensis nov ...... 471

5. , stages in the development of ...... 472

6. Temnogra~tus multiplex ...... 479

7. Schizograptus tardifurcatus , sp. nov ...... 481

8. Pleurograptus vagans ...... 481

9. Pterograptus (?) ...... 482

10. 1)ichograTtus separatus, sp. nov ...... 485

11. Tetragraptus Headi ... 487

12. -- crucifer...... 488

13. pendens ...... 491

14. -- Postlethwaitii, sp. nov ...... 492

15. PhyllograTtus ilic~olius, var. grandis ~ov ...... 493

16. - Anna ...... 494

17. Didymograptus gibberulus, variation in forms of ...... 498

--, reverse aspect ...... 499

19. -- nitidus ...... 500

20...... , diagram illustrating variations in form ...... 501

21. -- Nicholsoni ...... 502

22, 23. Tatulus ...... 506

0_4. -- J'asciculatus ...... 507

25. V-fractus ...... 508 26-28. , enlargements of various portions ...... 509

29. AzygograT~us suecicus ...... 515

30. 1)iplograptus aTpendiculat~s ...... 518

31. CryptograTtus antennarius ...... " ...... 520

32. GlossograTtus fi/mbriatus ...... 521

33. -- armatus ...... 523 VOL, LJV. b ,oo XVlll PROCESS-BLOCKS AND OTHER ILLUSTRATIVE FI(~URES.

l~xG. PAG~ 34. Trigonograptas ensiformis ...... 524 1. Sketch-map of Bissex Hill (Barbados) ...... 542 2. Section across Bissex Hill ...... 544 3. ~ Comparative views of the succession on Bissex Hill and Mount t Hillaby ...... 548 Sketch-map of the Herefordshire Beacon and its immediate 1. ( surroundings ...... 558 S Plan and section of the Reservoir [Herefordshire Beacon] and 2. ~ the neighbouring area ...... 560 1. ~ Section from Ashampstead Common to College Wood, Wood- t cote ...... 588 2. Do. in Tamer's Court gravel-pit, Wallingford ...... 596 Geological map of the neighbourhood of Upware ...... 612 1. Diagrammatic section through Cape Flora (Franz Josef Land). 622 2. f Do. sketch of the' Eastern Glacier,' flowing off Gully Rocks ...... 624 3, 4. [Views ofJ raised beaches 5 miles E. of Cape Gertrude ...... 626 View of headland at the N.W. extremity of , 5. L showing curved structure of columnar basalt ...... 627 6. Diagrammatic sketch of the surface of Windward Island ...... 628 7. Diagram to explain ice-hollow on Bruce Island ...... 629 8. Mabel Island, as seen from Cape Flora ...... 630 Section illustrating the probable relations of the ice-slope and 9. the true rock-surface, east of Gully Rocks and Cape Gertrude. 642

CORRIGENDUM.

Page 538. For ' Didymograpt,us o~obrachiatus,' lines 3, 10, & 17 from bottom, read ' f~ichograTtus octobrachiatus."