C O L L A ND T R E E

T H E I R P R E H I S T O R I C F O R T S

A N D E CC L E S I A S T I CA L A N T I Q U I T I E S

WITH NOT ICE S OF ANCIE NT RE MAINS I N

TH E TR ESHN ISH I SLES

E R S K I N E B E V E R I D G E

THE CHUROHYAR D HEHOBIALS OP CRLIL BTU.

W IT H SE VE NTY - S E VE N FU L L - PAG E I L L U ST R AT ION S

AND T W O H APS

E D INB U R G H N D BL BY T. A ST A. CO N A E TH E U NI VE RS I T Y PRESS

1 9 0 3

PR E FA CE

Tan primar y object of this vol ume is to describe the Pr ehistor ic

ns or r s of Coll and ir fr m ob r v ions ma u Du Fo t T ee, o se at de pon successive visits to these isl ands during the summers of l 896 to

1 901 . 0

is un r a in un s ial l in r s in and at Th de t k g has been fo d pec y te e t g,

same im m r dificult aus of its ealin i the t e the o e , bec e d g w th alm s vir in i e r u n our i o t g soil . The only authoritat v wo k po Scott sh

’ ” l uns is Dr . r is is n s Ear l For t cations in tScotland hi D Ch t o y ifi , w ch, in s r i i s not in l u an one of th e si s now the de c pt ve text, doe c de y te un r n si r a i n alt u a le n i l e Dun in is de co de t o , ho gh the T b e t t d Scott h

la - nam s num ra s fif n of m and a en e P ce e e e te tee the , the pp d d

Bibliographical List gives r efer en ces to paper s r ead befor e the

S i of An i uari s of lan in hi in i n al n i is oc ety t q e Scot d, w ch c de t ot ce

n of of d f r in Tir take two the Duns in Coll an o othe two es .

In his s lf- im s as r i r has f un no r in e po ed t k , the w te o d p ted

o a e a a n . . t pogr aphical matter so helpful as a p p r by C pt i F W. L

mas On the Duns o the Outer Hebr ides in Ar chwolo ia Scotica Tho f ( g ,

iii r l lla r al v l . ar n 1 i aid w as me o Ed i . 89 ilst th s v. p t , wh e y co te , its subject (as the title implies) being strictly con fined to the

n slan fr m arr a Lo g I d o B to Lewis .

1 — L Ar e olo or 1 894 Edin , l ass r ho mum: emm ato ch gyf . b vi PREFACE

As r al ssis an ra eful a n l m n is mad to o a t ce, g t ck ow edg e t e to

Dr . s An rs n for a i and in i the fur er Jo eph de o , dv ce h ts, w th th

favour of his consent to r ead the foll owing pages befor e they

w er u i e p t to pr ess. Par t of that advice w as to s mply descr ibe

a w as se n and lea infer n s al n . his w as f un wh t e , to ve e ce o e T o d

a r har sa in and an n s n a ur has to be ve y d y g, yet ho e t e de vo

n mad a it so far as w as f un ssi l Th am bee e to dopt , o d po b e. e s e

r ecommendation has since appear ed in print fr om another sour ce

Th e best thing to do is simply to describe the objects and place

’ fin il r s s a of in and let s ee es. his is d g, ph o ophe to the d t T

u edl a uns l of er f ti n b ut suc unsels are r o do bt y co e p ec o , h co p

ll in ra i ver bia y dificul t to p ut to p ct ce .

s u fr m a m ar a i ie of r his ri f r s in The t dy, o co p t ve v w, P e to c o t

en r al has r e i e d ue a n i n as ill r a l admitwd g e , ce v d tte t o , w p ob b y be upon th e gr oun d of special visits made to most of the Outer

e r i s—in l u in r an d u is arr is and is - as H b de c d g No th So th U t , H Lew ,

als Jur a l n sa na al l n l ai n ss and u er o to , Co o y, K pd e, G e e g, C th e , S th lan in a i i n a s m a la r i us r i in ris ars d, dd t o to o ewh t bo o d ve I h c

n l r ound the coast of Do ega .

One of the gr eatest dificul ties experienced has been to avoid ma in mu of s m of th e a l r s r v si s s iall k g too ch o e b d y p e e ed te , e pec y in islan of ll and sim l s ri e em as a ur a el the d Co , p y to de c b th cc t y

si l i u len in un u r min n ei r an as pos b e, w tho t d g d e p o e ce the to y

in i f a ur or r dist ct ve e t e theo y .

At m s nl nin uns in oll and r in Tir es out of o t, o y e D C th ee , PREFACE vii

si t - one in all lu in th e Tr eshnish Isl s ar e lass x y (exc d g e ), to be c ed — in the r eally unsatisfactor y categor y by no means a lar ge

r r i n il e of s el ar e so in lu e ause it p opo t o ; wh , tho e tw ve, two c d d bec w as not f un r a i a le amin e m r s nall r tw o o d p ct c b to ex the pe o y, othe

’ ar tradi i nal nam of D un and s ill an r air ar e be the t o e , t othe p l ll ’ d ’ oca y kn own as Car n an Car nan .

In Scotland the descr iptive ter m Dun appears to be simply

’ th e a li for a a a ill and n e a r r ia f r s G e c he p, h , he c pp op ted to the o t ,

i r alm s in ar ia l si ua u n an l a i n i er wh ch we e o t v b y t ted po e ev t o , e th na l r ifi ial is uri s n i a r r tur a o ar t c . It c ou to ot ce th t the wo d B och

(der ived fr om the An glo- Saxon bur h or Nor se bor g h as — exper ienced an almost diametr icall y Opposite tr ansition fir st

‘ ’ si nif in a f r ifi la and la rl a lie a n —our g y g o t ed p ce, tte y pp d to tow — burgh e vidently because these wer e originally placed within

The true Br ochs (as is elsewher e stated) have been assign ed to a per iod r oughly defin ed as lying between th e Roman invasion of lan in fir n r d s u A . D . an h e s n f Scot d, the t ce t y t ces atio o the

r n l of uns is m r m li a and as r e ar s The ch o o ogy the D o e co p c ted, , g d th e e r i s nl na l n l usi n a ar s a H b de , the o y te b e co c o ppe to be th t

hil ar e r his ori in r i in th e r i of eir er i n w e they p e t c o g , pe od th ect o cann la e l a r an th e nin th e ir n en ur ot be p c d te th th to th tee th c t y, some of them pr obably dating back even so far as the Chr istian — era or n it . Th e rue r hs of l n l ew is ai n ss beyo d t B oc ( G e e g, L , C th e , viii PREFACE

r ne etc . se m r tainl a n f un stan in O k y, ) e ce y to h ve bee o d d g by the Vikin gs when they invaded our shores in the nin th

c n ur . An d as r ar s sim l r uns it is si nifican e t y , eg d the p e D , g t that the Norseman of that period wer e not accustomed to

in Nor way the r emains of r ude stone forts upon hill - tops and

r s r n na ural si i ns but ar una ar t a an othe t o g t po t o , we e w e h t y

is in i e P t ri is a i n m. r oc Soc . d t c v pe od ss g ed to the The .

Anti . Scot. l . 2 1 u n nsus of ini n q (vo xn . p . 3 ) q otes the co se op o among Nor wegian ar chwologists (r egarding their ow n country) to

' the following efiect : As long as Paganism r eign ed thr oughout

lan all uil in r f im r On in ro s r e ns u o . the d, b d g we co t cted t be the t

u i n of r is iani t a is in th e innin of l v n d ct o Ch t ty ( h t , beg g the e e e th centur y) our for efather s first lear ned to employ lime and stone in

uil in but as the ar t f ll e in r ain of new rine b d g ; o ow d the t the doct , it w as for a long time only empl oyed in the ser vice ofth e Spiritual

r and u al n in c n f ur c s m nas i powe , sed o e the onstr uctio o ch he , o t c

’ uil in s and is s l is acc un a a es. b d g , b hop p c It will be seen that th o t takes no notice of the Nor wegian Borgs or Bygdeborge which

re uil i u lims and irr e ular in f rm. we b t w tho t , g o

As r ar s lan a as ma asi nal r ef r n s eg d Ice d, the S g ke occ o e e ce to str engths or borgs but these seem chiefly to have been of

ur f and sin i r n r in its t wood. A gle except on (and ve y otewo thy resemblance to a good specimen ofthe Hebridean Dun ) Still exists at Bor ar virki in es I lan and is fi ur e in A Pil r ima e to g w t ce d, g d g g PREFACE ix

the Sa a- Steads I celand is is r i g of . Th asc ibed (w th some pr o

’ ha ilit ar i of a - Sla in s and is eref r b y) to B d , the He th y g , th o e

onsi r e as a in fr m ar l in l n n ur n c de d d t g o e y the e eve th ce t y, ot

r or n ot ar i had isi e our e r i s and n Whethe B d v t d H b de , the ce

’ s en e fr m e il Flatnef of Sn r s his m r de c d d o K t the d ey , othe

Thur ida in a au r of laf a a ain w as ( ) be g d ghte O the Pe cock, who g

rea r ands n of rs in Bed a ran s n of K il g t g o Tho te the , g d o et , the

rli f all i in ea est o V k gs to appear by name in the Hebrides. Olaf

1 th e ac is r or a isi e Irelan and his sis r Pe ock ec ded to h ve v t d d, te

Hall e r da had h en f s r Thiostolf a South islander g o te ed by , by

or man of dr s ir ums an ar e ui stock the Su eys) . The e c c t ces q te

’ in n lusiv al u in th e li li of ardi s co c e, tho gh they po t to ke hood B indeed wer e car ried on with special vigour by (King) Olaf

r n a u th e ar 9 - 1 T yggwason betwee bo t ye s 90 000.

w ’ h him in Ir l n hi L B King o ned and a honnd whic had been given e a d. T s was in B. 9B , ’ din to a nt e Bum N l vol . i. . ccii 1 92 223. It is barel ossi le that accor g B se ja , pp , , y p b

or ar virki of roba le date 1 01 and ev n the or we ian ne- For t m B g ( p b ca. 3 e N g Sto ; y have been er ected afier the model of Duns in our own islands. There are tw o altsrm

— a tl l fives eith er that the case was vice ven d, which woul d hardly give suficien y ear y date

o i. . 30 Mn l . p . x PREFACE

m m r r c n im s it s ms c r ain a s me of To co e to o e e e t t e , ee e t th t o the an i n f r ts of ll and ir r u ilise if nl c e t o Co T ee we e t d, o y

r f h i l is ri er i n r t asi nal u es i in t e s in t . I occ o e g , w th d t c y h to c p od No h

is are s er al uns of m r la r a hi a ar U t ev D o e e bo te typ e , w ch ppe to — have been built in even mediaeval times ; and it is ther e upon — an island in Loch Car avat that th e writer found the solitar y

S o h n out of m r an a un r e amine in s r n p c e , o e th h d ed x d the We te

sl s in i m r ar h as n use in r i inal ns r u i n I e , wh ch o t bee d the o g co t ct o

In a few examples th e names of for ts in Coll and Tires occur as bi- lin gual pleonasms- both the Celtic and the Norse being — r epr esented in th e same title as Dun Boraige Mor and Dun

Borai e Be in ir e and D un Borbaidh r n un e Bon fir e in g g T e , (p o o c d )

C ll il u si the sc of r s n v lum Dun or e o ; wh e, o t de ope the p e e t o e , B v appear s at least thr ee times in the n omenclatur e of Hebr idean f r t i in s and n in i . o t , w ce Skye o ce Lew s The word Dun is widely spr ead throughout the topography of n r s Eur and a r e u li a e f rm s ms n o th we t ope, d p c t d o ee eve to exist in Le- Bourg- Dun (a hamlet n ear Dieppe) and Dun abur g

R ussia al u in a ins an e er is l s l ass iate a ( ) , tho gh e ch t c th e c o e y oc d — ' stream or r iver bear ing par t ofthe name the D un and th e Dmn a r i l er ma ir r iv es e e a a i n . p ct v y , wh tev y be the de t o

’ ' - - — Th e an i n Ear llin or Erd us ofl.en f un in c e t th Dwe g Ho e, o d

Hun ar Bosnia and Thessal as also of Lake - Forts in Ho g y, , y ; lland and Pr un is. PREFACE xi th r i s al u nl one is n n in islan s un er e Heb de , tho gh o y k ow the d d

n i ra i n— ul also s m a h ad i l n u co s de t o wo d ee to h ve w de y exte ded se.

r ecen visi or n a a Ba a r ad r s r i s th e Es im A t t to U g v y, L b o , de c be k o

llin s as of r in s th e ir or I loshualc in sim dwe g th ee k d , th d, g , be g my

un r r un c llar or il is im ssi l s an u r de g o d o t t. It po b e to t d p ight in su a r esi n but na i s in small in s a ur ch de ce, the t ve be g t t e

i difi o in A su n n a exper ence no culty n this po t . bterra ea pass ge a u tw l e f l n f r ms the rin i al n r an to us bo t e v eet o g o p c p e t ce the ho e , and it r equir es n o small amount of gymnastic agility to wend

’ n s w a u uar l in e r a li o e y thr o gh. A sq e ho e th r oof se ves ke

ur s his I lo lmalc a ar s s r n l to r esem l an E r p p o e. T g s ppe t o g y b e a th

use in siz and ar r an m n Ho , both e ge e t.

In r egar d to patter n ed potter y a far - away an alogy may al so

i In A Mound o Man Cities or Tell el Hes Exca be c ted. f y ; y d i . 2n 1 al s n l P . 9 e ti e E vated r . . l ss h . ed 8 8 P n i om , by F ed J B , D ( , g tion Fund ) are W sixty- seven fr agments of pottery bear ing sim l mar s man of m r a i all i n i al i se p e k , y the p ct c y de t c w th tho to

f un in uns or u n th e an hills of ll and ir be o d the D po S d Co T ee.

i l i n I bid h i l r a ass . 4 a of ca. To t ese s de be te y g ed ( p. 3) a d te

1 B c reachin ac th e Am r i or Pr —sraeli i o 600 . . e e s cc , g b k to o t I t h u pation of the Land of Can aan . It may be taken as axiomatic that such primitive types would per sist thr oughout many eu0 cessive a s so a a is u e not as an ar um n ge , th t the bove q ot d, g e t u n r n l but sh l r a im and s a ma e po ch o o ogy, p y to p ove th t t e p ce d

' li l difierence in the r u esi ns on r tt e de d g potte y. xii PREFACE

U n su c of San ill si s a fa i r po the bje t dh te , ct wh ch p esents a stron c n ras s las a u ma r e m n i n g o t t to tho e t dd ced y he be e t o ed. It is well known that the Gulbin sands (near the mouth of the r iver

in r n ra shir e a n f un r i in in arr - ea s F dho , Mo y ) h ve bee o d ch fl t ow h d , scra rs and ar i l s of r nz but man of la r s r i l pe , t c e b o e ( y the tte , t ct y

s akin of tr ees . s fiints s if a r earl c u a pe g, ) The e te t y to ve y y o c p

i n but th e S im ns in rass and ir n a ar n l l n a t o , pec e b o pp e t y be o g to

m ar a i l m rn r i so la as fr m ir n co p t ve y ode pe od , te o the th tee th to

s v n e n n ur i s ra in u s i n avin n the e e t e th ce t e , the t ct q e t o h g bee pr obably occupied until its complete devastation by blow n sand

r oc . nti cot vol i 1 P . Soc A . S . x i. u ar 695 . abo t the ye ( q , p

One fa i be sur u s a s mus a mi te ct (wh ch, to e, c t both w y ) t be d t d,

n r isitin n wn si s ur in a s ri s of ar s as that upo ev g k o te d g e e ye , both r egar ds Duns and Sandhills (which latter vary in confor mation

v r in a l s s m fl as inf r ma i n has alm st w ith e e y w d th t b ow ) , o e h o t o o

l n r invariab y bee gathe ed.

r III u n an i n Hut ir l es in ll is com Chapte . ( po c e t C c Co )

' pletely r e- wr itten upon ver y difier ent lin es fr om its fir st con ce tion and und u l i a r a r m asur of r re ness p , o bted y w th g e te e e co ct , al u ven as it stan s r a s nl two out of five tho gh, e d , pe h p o y , the

'

r uins m n i n afiord an s ri us basis for u i n . separate e t o ed, y e o ded ct o

Ch a r u n or ian u a i n of In pte X VI . po the N weg Occ p t o the

ri es th e aim has n f ll safes r n l firs Heb d , bee to o ow the t ch o o ogy ; t,

i n f a a n a s ar e r i n and the R olls edit o o the S g s (whe d te the e g ve ) ,

’ n l r i au r i i s as An r s n s Or kne in a Sa a seco d y, othe h gh tho t e , de o y g g , PR EFACE xiii

’ ’ Basen e Bur nt al and el c tl n a n s C ti Sco a d . es t M, Ske e The d t

’ n fr m am es ohn ton An ti uitates Cel to—Scan' dicae of oted o J J s e s q ,

1 786 al m st r ainl n r e isi n but fail in is an d th e , o ce t y eed v o , g th (

hi r s ur the l ss r ea il is a r i ar afiixed urin ghe the o ce, e d y p ec se ye d g

su ri s as i to n n ur i s no al r na i e has ch pe od the e ghth te th ce t e ) , te t v

been found.

’ un s The hr on M t r e s a mos alu C icle am. and he Sud M ch of y , t v

a l m n r a w as r in in 1 860 an d r r n r i r s as b e o og ph, p ted , whe e ece t w te ,

' Vi fusson Roll s di i n of a as and assn a e difier ed g ( e t o the S g ) D t, h v

u n hr n l ma h a e a it has n i po c o o ogy, we y be v th t bee w th good

r eason .

n f ur au ri i s last men i ne r a s th e Betwee the o tho t e t o d, pe h p

r egard to the date of death of Thorstein — th e R ed some four teen years ; another arm h as been th e battle

of Hafur si or d usuall i but er n ass n e A . D 8 2 j , y g d to . 7 , h e Ske e

Cel tic Scotland has ll u n f A D . 3 n i r . 88 ( ) bee o owed w th the yea , po

a a ar r un ds al u anf r una l in wh t ppe to be good g o , tho gh o t te y,

s a in t s a au r ha no s ifi ll i n his t t g he e, th t tho s t pec ca y g ve

Dr . h ns n an d his fai ful en man s ll cam Jo o th h ch , Bo we , be e i nvol untary visitors to the island of Coll during th e late autumn

- of 1 773 an d r r e st rm- s a f r ailin ficm , we e the o t yed o ten days. S g

nin of un a 3rd r and for a ee re the eve g S d y, Octobe , w k we enter tained in the moder n house of Breacacha by th e (younger ) c xiv PREFACE

air of 011 r i n l s L d 0 . Othe two nights wer e ev de t y pent at

Achamor e and G rishi ol and s of arr i al and th e of p , tho e v eve

e ar ur i. i d p t e ( e. the 3rd and 1 3th October) at an chor n s100 ps

' fi r o A inagour .

’ ‘ Dr oh n s w n u of . J nso o account ad er de ver y m ch less

’ topographical or other detail than is to be foun d in Boswell s

’ um al i la r dis in tl r f r wi u s ifi all Jo , wh ch tte t c y e e s ( tho t pec c y

namin m andhill s of To r nald and Trai h Foill and g the ) to the S t o g ,

s r i e at Trai h Feill th e l r ar of all s n still de c b d g , owe p t the w the

s an in a v r ift r f As s san hills but t d g bo e the d ed su ace . to the e d ( — also indefatigably upon almost ever y occasion ) Boswell to our

amus m n if not edification —in his usual nai e mann r r e r s e e t, v e , co d

’ th e rea l i ra r b t r dict g t ex cog phe s o i e a. I l t is all s a e a D r . hns n visiwd Dun A a hi oc y t t d th t Jo o ch , w ch

in s ms i l ro a l al u n o r ef deed ee h gh y p b b e, tho gh

i er in his own ur nal or a of s ll is or an e th Jo th t Bo we , to th y

In th e f ll in a s s ral var ia i ns of r t o ra o ow g p ge , eve t o o h g phy cer tainly occur ; but the system has been adopted of spelling each

wor d (so far as quotations ar e concer ned) exactly according to

au r i i e . a li lan ua v r has r ve the tho ty c t d The G e c g ge, howe e , p o d

ll unman a ea le in r ar la - m of s who y g b eg d to p ce names. So e the e ar e no u t iv n wi s r i t a ur a but m r ft n th e do b g e th t c cc cy, o e o e

r nan e ur Ma has n f ll e or in as o f O d c S vey p bee o ow d , the c e PREFACE xv

familiar nam s su for ins an as Afina our and Acha e ( ch , t ce , g ), the

n i or an li i f r s m is ad . In an e n it aff r s pho et c g c ed o opted y ve t, o d some consolation to r ecognise that th e Gaelic language is in de erminat ar in in iff r n l ali i s d als a r in t e, v y g d e e t oc t e an o cco d g to

In c n lusi n ar a n l m n is ma e of in alua l o c o , he ty ck ow edg e t d v b e

i n r n r ass sta ce e de ed by Mr . Angus MacIntyre (now United

r C ur issi nar at hma but f r merl s a i n in F ee h ch M o y Loc ddy, o y t t o ed

oll w i w m the ri er has isi e alm s all th e si es er e C ) , th ho w t v t d o t t h

es r i in th e islan of ll in a i i n man r for th e d c bed d Co , dd t o to y othe s ( sa e of om ar is n in r an k c p o ) both No th d South Uist.

’ This volume is now submitted as th e r esul t of six years in es i a i n of its su e and in th e e a it ill f un v t g t o bj ct, hop th t w be o d to con tain as few inaccur acies as may b e compatible with the

t an d ft n in r i a e na ur e of th e un r takin dificul o e t c t t de g.

E E ERSKIN BEVERIDG . CONTRACTIONS USED IN REFERRING TO AUTHORITIES UPON EARLY HEBRIDEAN HISTORY AND THE NORSE — S G S ESPECIALLY IN CHAPTE S . A A , R XIV XVI

Th eland at th Bwrn t N al . e Stor of Burn t N al or Life in c e end j y j ; , I

’ of th e Ten th Cen tur From th celandic of th e N ala Sa a y. e I j g ,

Sir G . . Da n in 1 861 . se t. 2 ols. d by ( ) W v E ,

’

C ltic r of i n t l an. B e Scotlan d . Celtic Scotland : a Histo y Anc e A b y

illiam F i h o mad . Skene LL D eference s th rou ut e W , . R g

to h - t e se ond dition ols 1 88 1 890. e 3 . din. 6 c . v E ,

Celto- o n - N m a . An tiquitates Gelto Normannicts ; con taining th e Ch r on

’ icle of Man h and th e sl dit d James Jo nstone. Co en I es. E e by p h a en 1 786 g , .

’ - - Gd to Scwnd . Anti uitates Oslto Scandi ls c d ited from rious q c ; et . E va Sa as James J C ohn stone. o enh a en 1 786. g by p g ,

’

Collectanea. Co ll ectsnea de e us Al banicis etc. dite d th e ona R b , E by I

Clu . din 1 847 b E .

’ ’ Fowl er s Adana/m m A an a Co m i l ai. damn i it S. u d te d fr om Dr V b E .

’

ee es te t . Fo r . o J T. M L C. xf 8 4 wl . D e A. . O rd 1 9 . R v x , by , , ,

’ enderson s I ccl r H amd . Iceland ; or th e Jou nal of 9. Residence in th at

sl and durin th e a 1 81 4 and enezer I g ye rs By th e Rev. Eb enderson DD . 2 ols. din . 1 81 8 H , v E , . CONTRACTIONS REFERRING TO AUTHORITIES xvn

‘ K r . Th e ikin m 8 D ew s in estern Ch ristendo an . 7 9 to A . y V g W , F B . K r o 8 C. ea . Lond n 1 91 . y y ,

. M . u Ch i i 8 nch . ania 1 P A r st , 60.

so LL D din 8 3 n 1 7 . , . E . ,

’ es A / m n Th e Life of Colum a found r of written ee dam w . St e R v . b , Hy ; by

’

Adamnan . B D D Du lin 1 857. illiam ee es . . y W R v , b ,

’ ’ eev s Mono r Th slan Tir il liam s D D h e d o B . e a f ee. ee e . R g p I y W R v , ,

in Th e Ul ster Journal of rch e olo No. 8 Octo er 1 854 A gy: , b ,

- . 2 3 244 pp 3 .

o o as celandi Sa as and o h er Histori or R olls editi n f th e Sag . I c g t cal Documents relating to th e Settlemen ts and Descen ts of th e

o th e British sl es. di i fusson ols Nor thm n n G . V . i e I E ted by g (v .

Sir Da n t ol lish und r th . . se iii . u ed e e and and by G W (v . ) P b

M o - c io h a r f ll don 1 887 1 8 4. dir t n oft e ste th e Be s 3 ols. Lon 9 e . v ,

' ’ a Li r a Mo / Th e Sa r di i iam an r ar . ted ll rr is d Saga. Inb y g b y. E by W

lrr Ma s n ols. Lo 8 - 8 5 Eir i nu so . 5 ndon 1 91 1 9 . g v ,

xx TABLE OF CONTENTS

C H A P T E R V I .

— - - N A E AND BU AL G R UNDS COLL PRE REFORMATIO CH P LS RI O ,

C H A E P T R V I I.

L — AN O Y 55- 60 CO L ITS CL HIST R ,

A E C H P T R V I I I .

T E TRESHNISH E —CAIRNB R E AIRNBURG H ISL S U G B G , C FLADDA LU GA AND BAC MOR, , N , MOR,

X C H A P T E R I .

R EE—GENE A T R L,

A C H P T E R X .

IREE— UN AN ENT 73- 1 1 9 T D S, OR CI FORTS,

S A THE EMI- BR K YPE CLAS . S OO T ,

- S B. Roux Four s CLAS ,

LASS 0 . L on on ARSH DUNS C o M ,

' - CLASS . ISe Fonrs D ,

H E C A P T R X I. — EE E AN IEN I LA D WE ING 1 2 - 22 TIR SIT S OF C T N N D LL S, 0 1

A I C H P T E R X I . — IREE AN I L DWELLINGS - T S DH L , 1 23 1 29

C H A P T E R X I I I . — EE E I RI BUR IAL- E 1 - TIR PR H STO C SIT S, 30 1 40 TABLE OF CONTENTS xxi

X V C H A P T E R I .

PAG E TIREE PRE - REFORMATION CHAPELS AND BURIAL

1 41 - 1 5 7

A E X V C H P T R .

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DUNS AND SANDHILL - SITES

AND EE 1 58- 1 77 OF COLL TIR ,

X V C H A P T E R I.

THE N WEG AN U A N THE EB ES 1 78- 1 98 OR I OCC P TIO OF H RID ,

N EX 1 99- 206 I D ,

L I S T O F I L L U S T R A T I O N S

MA P S.

O AND R EE REDU CED FROMBLu U’S AT A o 1 662 C LL TI , L S r ,

’ AND EE Bm THOLOMr w S MAP —SCALE Two COLL TIR , , ,

m m TO THE INCH to ace a e 206 , f p g

- A E A E F U L L P G P L T S.

A INAG UR m om NORTH R O , ,

DUN A A ROMNORTH CH , F , NE M E EN WE A N DUN A A STO I PL M T OR PO , CH ,

DUN BEI m om UTH- A T C, SO E S ,

m - DUN DUBH, m o SOUTH EAST,

DUN BORBAIDH, m om SOUTH,

m om W EST,

ISLA D DUN IN FADA FROMwnar N LOCH , ,

N RBHAIG m om SOUTH I LOCH U , ,

IN AN DUI n on EAST LOCH N, , IN THE UPPER MILL LOCH (LOCH

CINN HAN D ANLAIMH m om SOUTH EAC ) UN , , AGE AT G H L COTT RIS IPO , N C A ERS SANDHILLS FLI T S R P FROM COLL ,

FLINT AR ROW - HEADS AND IMPLEMENTS FROM COLL

AND S ONE m m Tran S HILL ( o ), LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

AN —I E NEA AIC FOILL S DHILL S T R TR H , AU EWAY (C S S), AN ING NES AT TOTRONALD ST D STO , BREA A HA A T C O C S LE,

TRESHNISH ISLES

u CAIRNBUBG BEG , m SOUTH,

EN AN E CAIRNBURG MOR FROMNORTH TR C TO , ,

T n on SO T - T DUN CRUI , U H EAS ,

FROMSOUTH DrsTANT ( ) ,

BAC n on SOUTH MOR, ,

TIREE

m om EAST SCAR INISH, ,

E - BUR NING KENAVARA K LP , , AGGAN OLD CR ,

— ’ - M HA LAIS SOUT SEMI BROCHS DUN OB A C O , H,

DUN VAU m om SOUTH MOR L, ,

HASON W ORK, NORTH

EX TER IOR,

TWEEN THE WALLS,

DUN D R FROMWEST HIA E , , m m H o SOUT , LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS X X V

KE - BUBNING AT DUN HIAD ER m om W EST LP , ,

DUN HEANIS FROMSO TH H, U ,

DUN NA G EI FROMsOUTH- IIAST L TE, ,

A E B NE ONE n on OLL see SH P D O S, ( C , p .

KENAVARA N DUN HIADER POI T, FROM ,

UAR "I E AND W R ETC Q T T DISC, HO LS, , DUN ON E EAN B IL DU H,

D N BEG VAU m m SOU TH- U L, o WEST, A A’ I E ‘ E LE NE ’ CL CH CO L , OR K TT STO , H U E ISLAND O S ,

A NI A B U m om WEST SC RI SH H R O R, , T A ’ H U E ARINIS CO T RS O S S, SC H, T NE E S O CIRCL , HOG H,

B NE IN ETC. O P S, , BR N"E AND B A AR E O R SS TICL S,

E 1 BU IAL AIRN BALAMEANACH SIT OF ( ) R C , ,

SOROBY WEST SIDE CROSS, ,

EAST SIDE , AE THE AR ANGEL SOR BY . I O CROSS OF ST M CH L CH , ,

’ R C APE AT KIRKAPOL 1 . U BA O K CH L ( ST COL M S), E AT KAP L TWO CHAP LS KIR O , xxvi LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

AB THE WE IG AN Y E KIRKAPOL SL S OF ST H HL D T P ,

TR ON R UBBINGS —SCAL E 1 IN ( , , K ENNE APE ILK TH CH L,

E E A FR OMNORTH T MPL P TRICK, , E AT E E A I CROSS S T MPL P TR CK,

COLL AND TIREE

PATTERNED POTTERY FROM DUNS N 1 5— OS. TO COLL,

NOS 6 TO 1 0— EE . TIR , TYPICAL HAMMER STONES FROM TIREE SAND HILLS

Nos ] 2 3 AND 4 , , , PATTERNED POTTERY FROM SANDHILLS

NO l — . COLL,

NO 2— . I EE T R ,

CHAPTE R I

COLL GENER AL

THE slan of C ll one of n ner e r i s is Si ua se n I d o , the I H b de , t ted ve

mil fr m n r in f ll Its r n is fr m es west o the ea est po t O Mu . t e d o the

n r - ast s u s full el e mil s in l n t i an o th e to o th we t, y tw v e e g h, w th

mil n sur fa ll i aver age breadth of about thr ee es. I ce Co s most ir r ular onsistin h i of r u s of small r ills r e eg , c g c efly g o p ocky h cove d

wi a scan a in of s il. Ben of 339 f n ar th ty co t g o Hogh, eet, e the

i l of its s r n s r is th e hi s le a i n il mdd e we te ho e, ghe t e v t o , wh e s ral ers e e 200 fe fr s wa er l s ar e numer us eve oth xc ed et ; e h t och o ,

s iall ar s n r t - as but all ar e small nl r e pec y tow d the o h e t, , o y th ee

n appr oaching half a mile in le gth .

r s n ul a i n is S ar s n ot mu in 400 a The p e e t pop t o p e, ch exceed g , con dition almost to be expected fr om the small pr opor tion of

r an u in fr m i man si ar a l il. n ts es b e so Upo the othe h d, j dg g o y t

of an ien a ls ll mus a e n m aris n i l c t ch pe , Co t h v bee , by co p o , th ck y

- peopled in p r e Reformation times.

In r a in of th e an i n r emain s in ll m n i n ma firs t e t g c e t Co , e t o y t

ma of an un r r un all r —a ar n l nl si in be de de g o d g e y pp e t y the o y te,

i r of islands now un r n i hi can lass as an e the the de ot ce, w ch be c ed

’ Sir ohn Sinclair s Statistical Account first edn . 1 794 uotes th e o ulation of Cell as J ( , ) q p p 1 1 93 in 1 55 and 1 041 in 1 n u of 1 901 ives onl 432 as a ain t 7 , 793. The latest ce s s ( ) g y , g s 522

in 1 891 . 2 COLL—EAR TH - HOUSE

r su r r n ellin is s r r is at Ear th House o bte a ean dw g. Th t uctu e 1 AR INABOST (two mil es north - west from the small vill age of Ar in agour only a few yar ds south fr om the point of jun ction of

r en r unnin s u - s and u - eas w as dis the oads th ce g o th we t so th t. It cover ed upon the l evellin g of the west (or Bal lyh ogh ) highway a u th e ar 1 85 5 n a i of w is l w as f un bo t ye , whe p ece t ted go d o d ,

f r i inal en r evidently par t o a brac elet. The o g t ance is believed to ha e n n r of th e a las men i n in a s n ow v bee to the o th ro d t t o ed, pot cover ed by th e dwelling (a for mer schoolhouse) which imme

in - diately adjo s. The passage still exten ds south eastwar d in a

f r a n e ar c for 38 ee f m en ea th e . r Of is use fl tte d t o b th po ch th , ho , un er th e r a and em r in in th e r emains of a r u l d o d, e g g to o gh y

ir ul ar am r 7 f in diame r n ow lai ar e in a r a el c c ch be eet te , d b g v

Th e r a es r sen in er i r ei of all er is 50 pit. g e t t p e t t o h ght the g y in s i a i of a u 2 in es an d alls ar e l ear l che , w th w dth bo t 7 ch , the w c y mor e under gr oun d linings ; th e r oof consists of br oad ston e lin tels at s r t in r al s un er n ar r r rans er se sla s ho te v , bo d togeth by owe t v b , ” ei er at r i an l e or in air s dia n all . Th e am er dis th ght g s p go y ch b ,

l e in th e ra l - it at th e s u - eas e r emi w as ar ial l c os d g ve p o th t xt ty, p t y

Derived fr om th e G aelic airidh na Shielin of h e and the N ome ( g t ), orse bolstadf (h

- d ein th us a h rid lace name. stea ) , b g yb p ’ Shielin of the oats th e onl villa e in 011 and the or t f th e isl n g g , y g 0 , p o a d .

3 Part of th e r oof is stated to have been of ood and the a a hav x w , p ss ge to e e tended

r t than the orch of th e old school u e E t - fitr ther no h p h o s . ar h Houses occur over a wid e area

d in the He rides alth ou h the r i kn th e west coast an b , g w ter ows of several in North and

uth i t Their date is attri uted to the eriod betw een the So U s . b p time of the general ’ establishment of Chr istianity and the departure of th e Romans from Scotland (Anderson s — l I r - S imes The on A e . 304 cot and Pa an T : sa A. D . 400 1 in g g , p ) y 000.

CHAPTE R II

LL— S OR I T RTS CO DUN , ANC EN FO

THE un s of ll ar e alm s i u e i n i r Of th e D Co , o t w tho t xcept o , e the r u e ill r e u in the ir r ul ar summi s of r s d H Fo t typ , occ py g eg t ock , s me im s r u in th e e r m or of ar tifi ial or s mi o t e gn xt e e , the c e

ar tificial sl . e i is Th reat r n . I et typ , wh ch he e well r epr ese ted e g majority ar e unmar ked upon the six in ch Or dnance Sur vey ma om il r s of a m ful r ha in vi en l p , the c p e th t ost use wo k v g e d t y paid far less attention to th e an cien t sites in Coll than to those in th e sist r islan Of ir e d T ee. — In Coll the semi Broch type described under Class A in

ir —s ms unr r sen unl ess in T ee ee to be ep e ted, deed the Loch

in ll nam B i m D un r o ostea O. 21 BREACACHA now co Po g (p , N , ), f l etel ac ma ssi l a en of i ar a t r . p y de ed, y po b y h ve be th s ch c e

CL ASS B

- - — R OCK OR TS OR HI FORTs u uall l s s r e . F , LL s y c o e to the ho

s a r ainl en f r ifi a i ns fen s invari The e h ve ce t y be o t c t o , the de ce

ably taking the form Of a str ong er i r dry - ston e r ampar t on th e .ext o Si of a ess hi w as r inar il at one in nl and un de cc , w ch o d y po t o y, bo d

ne of ar y walls ar oun d th e ir r egular summit of th e r ock itself. No

s all s now e 2 or 3 f in i and so far as can the e w exce d eet he ght, , be — LL N R - R CO DU S , OCK FO TS 5

u n r er e at all l ft nsi ar e m j dged, they eve w o y. I de co monly to be

ra f un a i ns of se ral s ar ate ellin s ften ir ul ar t ced the o d t o ve ep dw g , o c c in s a and es it ma n e ur ha e nsis e of but h pe, th e, y be co j ct ed, v co t d a few ur s s of st n —al a s un em n —at th e ase r a l co e o e w y c e ted b , p ob b y

n in ue i er ur f an d r f In i man e t . In co t d h gh by t , oo d w h wood y instan es the r mains of er small uildin s e i en l su si iar c e oth b g , v d t y b d y and of sam er i ur u si the un ar al ls u the e p od, occ o t de bo d y w , tho gh

mmen cin at n r - as end of ll and f ll in th e Co g the o th e t Co , o ow g

f uns of is ar r a ur s o sun e er en ume . co e the , the D th type h e ted ’l n th e eas as of islan a mil e s u of Sor isd al e Upo t co t the d, o th ,

’ an d imm ediately to th e south of Meall n a h Iolair e (25 9 feet) ar e ’ n r uin of DUN DU LORI H AN his na w as O ain e th e sca ty s C . T me bt d ’ ur s and s n o a ear u n r n from local so ce doe t pp po th e O dna ce map . Th e for t is 200 to 300 yar ds east fr om the small Loch Air idh

Raonuill and l ar l i in si ofth e sl an Dun in a a , c e y w th ght I d Loch F d ,

- f a mil due s T a r a n fr m thr ee quar ters o e we t. he pp o ch has bee o th e n r th e r in r i i us in er ir i ns an d o th, ock be g p ec p to the oth d ect o ,

h ill si ar e istin r mai fa fen all r ll u t e ns O e si . he e, we p h de, d ct e d ve w

n summi in in er i r Of th e D un ar e als foun da Upo the t , the t o , o the

’ ’ 2 otsd el oth evi en i ith th r a e ia Blaeu s Atlas of 1 66 S , b d tly dentical w e Te r d Sotesdal t

f Po e Innocent m . of ate un r o d t Dec. 1 20 M . mentioned in a char te p , 9 h 3 ( ch, p ‘ ’ - rha s D im orachain the for t of th e ewel. Th e mar inal num er as o l etc 1 Pe p , j g b s, , , + ,

which i a ende upon the map of Coll and Tires s pp d . 6 LL — S R - RTS CO DUN , OCK FO

i ns of small is la u s ile os of one or ers is t o o ted h t , wh th e two oth ex t u n th e l r r un n r - A fr m no as . ar o se po owe g o d to the o th e t p t the ,

h er Si n w to b f imd ofi s f r m r a ot g as e o t o e occup tion.

Between Dul or ich an and the n ext Hill - For t to the south - w est — (as at pr esent kn own to th e wr iter ) is a long distan ce near ly five l and a alf mil s a r i is r is u n th e summit h e s the c ow fl es. Th Fo t po ofDBU IMAN AI R I D H FH ADA a u 800 ar s fr m small c , bo t y d o the Lo h

- Boidh each and n ar l mil s s u s fr m Arina ur . Its , e y two e o th we t o go

si i n is r a i all in n r Of islan of ll of po t o p ct c y the ce t e the d Co ,

hi h m r r er a s no h r ill mman s so m l a w c , o eove , p h p ot e h co d co p ete

r ar r em f a m s in ir gener al view . He e e the ains o o t dist ct c cular m un 20 ar s a r ss and s m 1 0 fe in i a o d, y d c o o e et he ght, c pped by in n r st n all i a few lar e s n s in its as n l osin e o e w w th g to e b e , e c g area of a u 1 5 ar ds in iam r u n i lie man small r bo t y d ete , po wh ch y e s n In all e es ar e tw o ill o s i to es. the v y to the w t the M L ch w th

his Dun i r l mil th eir Island Dun s to be n oted later . T s nea y two es fr m th e n ar es s r and is t us mu m r r m from o e t ho e, h ch o e e ote the “ - r ll coast than any other Hill Fo t to be n oticed in Co .

in r er a u mil s th e s u st m s Next o d , bo t two e to o th we , co e

1 In all probability a Dun exists (or existed) near Sorisdal e at th e extr eme north - east of

ol] th ers ma erha s be discovered u on the com arativel unex lored east coast ofthe C . O y p p p p y p ’ i land et een Dulorichan and Loch Eatharna. CNOO NA D UIN NO. 1 7 at Ar ina our s , b w ( ) g

— N 25 6 2 d o indeed occur within th e ide inter venin s ace etween Nos. 1 and as. 23, , 2 , 7 w g p b

b ut th e e from th eir osition in h oll ows coul d not have carried on that visual connection 2, s , p ,

e sh r No l th n h The next in distance from th o e is Dun Acha ( . whi e o er three ear Hog

h 8 1 0 and 1 4 are a out halfamil e inland. and Gallanac (Nos. , , ) b

‘ LL — R - R CO DUNS, OCK FO TS 7

N H i h e ummi f i D U AC A. This occup es t s t o an isolated r dge — — long an d narr ow by the r oadside a little south of Acha

ill an d al m il s a m e fr m S r e. A a or fi l is M , o t o the ho ch ( e d

i n l mer el a lac - name and f ll l al r a i i n th e ev de t y y p e , to o ow oc t d t o , Dun ought to be kn own as Dun Bh orl um mhic An laimh r igh ’ Lochlinn m anin ei er Th e f rt of th e r i e of son of , e g th o dg the

’ laf in of r a or ssi ili f rt of Bor lum O , K g No w y, , by po b ty, The o ,

’ son of , etc . Th e stor y r uns that Dnu Acha w as the str onghold of a Norse man the son Of Anl aimh or laf an d a th e na i islan er s , ( O ), th t t ve d , in es air un er his r ann r s l e a a it in f r u d p d ty y, e o v d to tt ck o ce pon

i l i r i l th e fir st su tab e Oppor tun ty. Acco d ng y they on e night set

fir e Dun and us su e e in r u in f r i n e rs. to the , th cce d d o t g the o e g

is t s im n of f lkl r e seems hom e out as r ar d s Th e t o y o o to be , eg the

ur nin of f r t th e num r us i n es Of fir e s ill isi l b g the o , by e o ev de c t v b e — in its foun dations a fact specially n oted by the writer long befor e

n he hear d the tr aditio .

Dun A a is str n l si ua er in th e en r e of th e ch o g y t ted, cov g c t

r u r alrea es r i e at an ele a i n of a u 1 50 f ab pt ock dy d c b d , v t o bo t eet

- Th l r r i ns of its all s o e th e sea l el . e u ab v ev owe po t o w , tho gh

o in n o er lar e s nes ar e dis in l r a a le at man Sh w g v y g to , t ct y t ce b y

in s s e iall u n th e n r - s e and a r ss th e po t , e p c y po o th we t edg c o

n r an at the n r en d. Th e a e a is 33 in s i e t ce o th g t w y che w de,

lea s a small la eau s m 1 2 ar ds l n en and d to p t , o e y o g, wh ce — th e access to the main for t another plateau measur in g about 8 by 30 yar ds has been up a steep Slope ; acr oss th e gully

1 Bar ium is old Gaelic for a rid e and thus th orou hl descri tive of g , g y p Dun Acha. LL— R - R 8 CO DUNS, OCK FO TS immediately to the nor th w est ar e some very lar ge blocks of

s ne in r ular line i en l the r main of a f nsi all . to eg , ev d t y e s de e ve w

un A a u fr m th e na ur al s r n of its si i n D ch , to j dge o t t e gth po t o , an d the existen ce of numer ous exterior buildings upon the lower

r un b as an d s mus av en an im r tan g o d, oth to e t we t, t h e be po t

Th e urr n of a sla r l amon th e r is ma for t. occ e ce te who g deb y

i m ar a i l l a u a i n r also tend to Show ts co p t ve y te occ p t o . Potte y is plentiful (sometimes pattem ed an d one small plain ear then cu a u 4 in s i and n arl m le w as in p , bo t che h gh e y co p te , the

l f r a l fi‘a m s i n of Mr . arr a a t sma l cnt w as posse s o D och, the te c o ; g also found with a r oun d hol e pier ced thr ee - quar ters of an inch

’ a r n l for ur s ofth e ssel s s i n el th e r im a us ns . b ow , pp e t y the p po e ve pe o

rok n er is mm n imm ia l un r ur f n ot m r B e pott y co o ed te y de the t , o e

n than 3 inches below th e pr ese t surface. Many fr agmen ts of amm r - s n s or un rs r s n and a r h e to e po de we e to be ee , ve y few m l s ech ens in lu in an im l men or a n co p ete p , c d g p e t ( we po )

' bevelled ofl symmetr ically for an inch or mor e at both the lower

l n l war Of ll has a lis in s n i edges. Co o e Ste t Co po h g to e wh ch

f un er e and flint- i s al u in l s ar als w as o d h , ch p , tho gh exceed g y c ce, o occur .

n f r Of is e is DU N COIRBIDH a u a mil Th e ext o t th typ , bo t e to

u u n Ch oc Coir bidh l all ron un Cr the so th, po ( oc y p o ced oc

in w ad o e Th e t es obser in almost d h if systematic digg g ere pt d . yp ved in D un Acha ar e

ll characteristic includin a r aised aved attern cl ose under the rim and ver y genera y , g w p ,

— OLL DUNS R - RTS C , OCK FO 9

a round kn oll close to the shore at the east poin t of Frisland

Ba . This n ll is er r min n and u n i s summi s an y k o v y p o e t , po t t t d s

a sin l illar s ne— r a s r e e as a lan mar for fis r m n g e p to pe h p e ct d d k he e ,

alt u er e ar e ra es of a distin r in of nes ho gh th t c ct g sto . To the

sou - east n ear as er sand ill is r en r f un th , the b e wh e the h b ok , we e o d

a few small i es of r an d a sin l in sur f f p ec potte y g e fl t. The ace o the Dun consists Of smooth grass and does n ot ther efor e len d

its lf to fur er s r i i n b ut a ss w as erta fr m e th de c pt o , the cce c m o

the s re a all in in a is l ar l r a ea le u we t, whe w ed w d g p th c e y t c b p

- s si e. In r islan Ba is an an ien r ais sea a the teep d F d y c t ed be ch,

som 20 or 30 f a o r sen i - a r mar e eet b ve the p e t h gh w te k. 1 r isl an farm - us is a uar r Of a mil e th e n r t - w s F d ho e q te to o h e t,

and in the ill fi l l os th e fr n of us r e n i t ed e d, c e to o t the ho e, we ot ced

one or flints i ma fr s of old r his la r two w th ny agmen t potte y. T tte

an un e find an d fr m a r a l - it a u 200 ar s expect d , o g ve p , bo t y d

n r h Of fa - i o t r m us an r in a w as an . the ho e, othe fl t fl ke obt ed ’ DUN G OR TON near l a mil s is u n the as r n , y e to the we t, po e te

rom n or of G r n and n ar far m - us of sam p o t y Loch o to , e the ho e the e nam is f r u i a r r i i u e. Th o t occ p es ve y st ong pos t on pon over

an in r s imme ia l a sea but n o m r an its h g g ock , d te y bove the , o e th ou lin s ar e r a a le as it is om l tel er r n lar t e t ce b , c p e y ov g ow by ge and nac i us mass s of in te o e sea p k.

’ assin for mean im e ar n a Bh r ai h e u n th e ninsula P g, the t , C g ( po pe

of Fasachd i is dis in l of an r an d th e arsh ) wh ch t ct y othe type, M

Dun n ar Br eac acha our n si is a u tw o an d a half mil s e , ext te bo t e

‘ ’ r no an. ton i lic for asmall field or rd J Locally p o unced Gorsti Gor s Gae ga en. B — 1 0 LL S R C - RTS CO DUN , O K FO

1 n or th- w est fr om Dun Gor ton U pon the souther n cr est Of BEN

FOIL L er e ar e r mains of a is in D un i h w al ls at , wh the e d t ct w t

l a ar in i - - as s u east and n r as . e t y d w dth , both to the o th o th e t

Th e ur f is un r n e e at n r m s e er one t b oke xc pt the o th o t edg , wh e

Small i ce of r w as f un . n flattish r un n arl p e potte y o d Upo g o d, e y

alf w a n e li it ar e r air ns one of em a u h y dow the d c v y , th ee c , th bo t

1 5 fe in iam r but er nl 3 fee a r ss In et d ete , the oth two o y t c o . conn ection w ith these cair n s it may be n oted that the name of

’ is ea is Leac Cho aidh the flat s ne of s r ife or th h d g ( ) to t ,

r a th li i of s r if pe h ps e dec v ty t e.

r han a mil e n r - as fr m the las men i n u n Mo e t o th e t o t t o ed, po

' th e cr est of a lar ge j uttin g clifl on the r ocky coast west of

Totr onald is D U N BEI A r s its n ran war s C. os , c e t ce to d the

ast—str s a massi n a ur al r am ar i r has e etche ve t p t , wh ch, howeve ,

o r a l n ar ifi ial l ai si is a r s r n n t imp ob b y bee t c y ded. The te ve y t o g

one an d u n summi ar e s an r mains of se er al small , po the t c ty e v

se ar a b uildin s in the n r of s m s of hi a p te g , ce t e the we t o t w ch, by li l i in r u a umul a s il er f un numer us tt e d gg g th o gh the cc ted o , w e o d o

small r un or val s n s a r a in a u an in in l n o d o to e ve g g bo t ch e gth, such as occur plentiq y upon many of the Dun s in both 00 11

- - and ir ee. es a r w om e l s ar e f en flat si ile T Th e w te p bb e o t ded, wh

’ others r esemble chil dr en s mar bl es ; and it seems diflicult to

1 - — No Dun coul d be identified upon the south west extremity ofColl th e peninsula of

0110108.

‘ ’ ‘ ’ ‘ ’ unced e ik erha s th e Gaeli eak o i l r Pr ono V y , p p c p or beak ; or p ss b y a prope name.

Becc is menti n as th e h ead of a ranch of Cinel n who th uth half o ed b Gabhra , possessed e so

ofKint re He m killed A. D . 707 evidentl in battle with his ki en fthe in Loam y . , y nsm o C el ’ kene ltic Scotland second edition vol. i. 22 27 (S s Ce , , pp. 9, 3,

— LL R - R S CO DUNS , OCK FO T

A u alf a mil as u n r summi of BEN HOG H bo t h e e t, po the ve y t , is an er Dun m as urin a ou 1 8 2 1 fe i its f unds oth , e g b t by et, w th o

i ns ill in b w s a ut his as not isi ri r . t o t t ct, t v ted by the w te

l un r ar s n r - as fr m An aisteal u n an Twe ve h d ed y d o th e t o C , po isolated r ock Of n o gr eat Size and situated on the Shor e n ear the south point of Tr aigh G r ianaig (mar ked Bagh Cr aimneach on 1 r nan e Ma is D F n ilc A a UN OU LAG r n un F l . r the O d c p), (p o o ced ) p t from its tr aditional name and th e existence of slight walls to th e s u - eas w r are als man fall n s on at as o th t, he e o y e t es the b e,

is Dun is n ot a ell mar si e al u no m ans of th w ked t , tho gh by e

u ful ar a r . Th e r is m st a r u wi a sin l e do bt ch cte ock o b pt, th g h a ss t e as er e as n is r all a lim . cce to e t, wh the ce t e y c b

' n a clifi er Similar a at Dun i n ar l half Upo v y to th t Be c, e y a mil n r - as of Dun Foul a stan s im r an DUN e o th e t g, d the po t t

U BH. has n Of n si ra le siz and r s r n W ll D It bee co de b e ve y t o g, ho y in a ssi l e u n th e s and s u i ar e s r r ci cce b po we t o th, wh ch hee p e

ices. r r uns as and s al m s O sit S r r p The ock e t we t, o t ppo e the ke y

’ ’ A Mbu d u n u r an n th e as h as n ro a c, po e t bee p tected by o te ram ar e n i is s en ar of a aus a of lar p t, b yo d wh ch to be e p t c ew y ge

n w sto es by ay of appr oach . Within the en tr ance ar e the founds

— - tions of two small contiguous buildings probably guard r ooms and s ill s ar ra s of s r al r s al u s are t we tw d, t ce eve othe , tho gh the e

m r in is in . an lar e s nes a e fall n or a e n o e d t ct M y g to h v e , h ve b e

r n n in nar r ull s ut as als at th ow dow , to the ow g y to the o h, o the s n r si e i lat er not ein ui inacc ssi l has teep o th d , wh ch t , b g q te e b e,

a i i nal r ti n of an u r ll alf w a n had the dd t o p otec o o te wa h y dow ,

1 ‘ Facileag is Gselic for a see- gull)

LL— R C - R 1 CO DUNS, O K FO TS 3

r i n of ic s ill r mains r eli s f un r m r el a po t o wh h t e . The c o d we e e y

om oor amm r s n s an d fr a men s of ars o r s e p h e to e g t co e p tte y,

r i small r un les similar s at D un togethe w th o ded pebb , to tho e

Bei . In a ra in s m hir ar s the n r is a in rill c v e , o e t ty y d to o th, t y , w i in its ur s a a of lar s n s hi a all th, co e, he p ge to e , w ch h ve the

h Dun appearan ce ofhaving for med a well in conn ection with t e . The next site to be descr ibed is about two mil es far ther to ’ 1 - - the n r eas . er e u n R UD H AN T SEAN CH AISTIIIL r o th t H , po , th ee

uar er s of a mil es fr m allana h far m - use has n a q t e w t o G c ho , bee r - f r i hin si of o D un u s u - w s and ock o t, w t ght b th D bh to the o th e t

Dun Bor baidh th e n r - eas a u mid wa n to o th t , bo t y betwee the two, al u n r er D un f un a i ns of is old tho gh ea to Dubh. The o d t o th cas l can s ill be r a but s em nl to a n of a u t e t t ced, e o y h ve bee bo t

v r d i r n l r fi e ya s nte a diamete . 1 A mil as in se n fiel n G ALLANACH e to the e t, the co d d beyo d farm- use and half a mil e fr m th e near s s r a na ho , o e t ho e (B gh

l h r his w Trail eac ) ther e has evidently been anothe Dun . T as

1 ’ The Point of the old Castl e.

- name o i l refer t th e Earl G who resi ed in oll ca. A D 8 this may p ss b y o illi d C , . . 9 0 1 01 4, as

- ll for e th en Ear l rkne or to one of hi dan Th e illi scatt co ector th of O y, s descen ta name G ’ ’ would indicate that thp Jarl was descended on th e fath er s or more probably on th e moth er s h rti a li r whi h d b the f i n side fiom t at po on of th e G e c t ibes ch a been su jected to ore g rul e.

‘ ’ ‘ ’ a l i tim th eir e t in kn - noble fami y occupied th s part in ancient es, s a be g own as Dc clsch

i Dun - clach Two centuri the time of Earl Gilli anoth l ( ). es after er Norse chief, Reginad

‘ chief residsnm in ColL and was tmacherously slain in 1 229 (ses Chsptsr m on The — I 4 R K - R COLL DUNS , OC FO TS

- not a r f r t but u n m ara i el i ara l r un . ock o , po co p t v y h gh b e g o d It n ow consists of two en closur es of lar ge ston es (that to the west

m asur in s me 50 f e in iam e er n ain in f un a i ns e g o , e t d t ) co t g the o d t o

of a num er of small s ara e uildin s s m e ir ul ar b ut r s b ep t b g , o c c othe

a ar n l r an ul r i in m fiel a e r e n l pp e t y ect g a . W th the sa e d h v ce t y

een f un amm r - s nes on e of hem ar i ularl ll b o d two h e to , t p t c y we

mar but si i elf is a r am l al u of 9. ked ; the te ts poo ex p e, tho gh

n a r in on th e n r s r e of ll mil s Upo ocky po t o th ho Co , two e

n r - as fr llan i H is s llin is m a a s D N BOR BAID . o th e t o G ch, U Th pe g

a n fr m Eil ean Bor baidh an d Trai h Bh orbaidh mar l se t ke o g , ked c o to the Dun upon the Or dn ance map ; but th e local pr onunciation

' is Bor ow or Bomve iffer in ma r iall fr m th e ma - nam , d g te y o p e,

hi is r a l in r r n Bor i'va ars a er l os w ch p ob b y co ect. I deed be v y c e r esem lan la e - nam Bor ve hi is not un mm n b ce to the p c e , w ch co o in th e u r r i s a arin r to be m r l a r r u i n O te Heb de , ppe g the e e e y co pt o

’ of r se r and si nif a f r r r in the No bo g, to g y o t, the wo d b och be g

l s l all i c o e y ed.

Al u ofbut small t n Dun Bor baidh m s r tho gh ex e t, co e , togethe

i Dun A a Dun u and Dun Anl aimh in nan Ginn s w th ch , D bh, ( Loch

- a an am n f ur ll f r s of r a es r sen da in r es . ch ) , o g the o Co o t g e t t p e t y te t Fr om the south it has a long and str aight clear ed access (shown in a m an in la u n th e le l n r s at fir s the cco p y g p te) po ve betwee ock , t

D un rbaidh har in Bo s es the fate of many oth er Coll Dm of mmt distinct charac ter ,

ut the nv t ta th at nl f - and p matter co ersely, and o s te o y our (out of our twenty nine) Forts

— UN R K - F R 1 5 COLL D S, OC O TS

r r ul ar and a u i of a ar - r ad but nar r in ve y eg bo t the w dth c t o , ow g as D un is n ar e i s in - s n s f r it r ea s the e d, w th tepp g to e be o e che the

u r fen es m s of low r am ar s. r m th e i o te de c , co po ed two p t F o ex st ence of this evidently ar tificial appr oach and th e char acter of 1 much of th e potter y (with many good patter ns) to be foun d u n th e Dun i s lf it ul se m a his f r t al u n ot po t e , wo d e th t t o , tho gh l r has e n f ial im r tan m ll a e o s ce. a r un e l ge , b pec m S o d d pebb es ar e mm n and amm r - s nes al s l n iful man of co o , h e to o p e t , y them

r n an d i e i en mar s of avin n su e b oke , w th v d t k h g bee bj cted to fir e ; in this r espect notably r esemblin g the condition of th e f i ns of D un A a in s ems ur in D oun dat o ch . No fl t e to occ un

Bor baidh but a u a un r e ard s s u - as u n a san , bo t h d d y o th e t, po dy

fin l s a in ra r r in ur f w as f un a s . i hin b eak the t , o d e y h ped fl t c pe W t

u n ar i n r an ar e s me r emains of a itc n - mi the D n e ts e t ce o k he dden . Dun Bor baidh possesses n o tradition except in conn ection

i a ave enea it n rin fr m r s r and w th c b th , e te g o the ocky ho e

e en far inl an i is sai a n n r eputed to xt d d, wh ch d to h ve o ce bee the scene ofmassacr e 0

At OU SD a mil and a alf as of D un Bor baidh u n B , e h e t , po

n ll imme ia l ehin th e mission - r m ma be a sandy k o , d te y b d oo , y

- h f un a i ns of a r un u l f n r e i n . Th e tr aced t e o d t o o d, do b y e ced e ct o in terior cir cle is an en closur e of appar en tly I 7 feet in diameter ;

h a e i n l not en i an d ar e a u 40 in s t e walls h ve v de t y be th ck , bo t che

It is r a s r in r r i n if is si as apar t. pe h p , howeve , co ect to de t y th te 1 6 CO L— UNS R CK- RTS L D , O FO

at of a Dun al u si i n is ui suita le—u n a th , tho gh the po t o q te b po

r ian ular ill e een nar r w s r aml s hi t g h ock, b tw two o t e et w ch flow in r l r n ul li s uni in at th e s re and r ve y deep y wo g e , t g ho the e f r min als n r r n un ar n its surfa is at o g o the o the bo d y. Upo ce l as one i en - mi en fiint i s ar e c mm n e er e t k tch dd ; ch p o o , tog th

i a few s ra er s nd r is a un dan e of ru un laz w th c p , a the e b c de g ed

t r a li le of it a r n nerall of sim l san pot e y, tt p tte ed, ge y the p e d 1 an small i of m n hill type. M y p eces uch corr oded ir o ar e to be s n in lu in s m r i s of i in su as r ee , c d g o e vet the V k g typ e, ch we e

us for a s or sts. m ar s a o aft r a s er s rm ed bo t che So e ye g , e ev e to , at least on e br onze needl e with a ver y lar ge eye w as foun d

r and it is eli a er s of a simil ar r i he e, b eved th t oth object pe od

als r e wer e o discove d . Bousd will again be men tioned in conn ection with san dhill

llin s hi vi n l a is e s and als dwe g , w ch e de t y h ve ex t d to the we t, o

i a em r a ar en l r is ori a u 1 00 ar s w th c ete y ( pp t y p eh t c), bo t y d to

r the n o th .

f ll four i ms m r or l ss uzzlin in ara r Next o ow te o e e p g ch cte .

Of se fir s s ms a een an r inar Dun al u the , the t ee to h ve b o d y , tho gh

' it is so thor oughly efiaced as n ot to have been judged worthy

nn r m im an i n of in clusion in a definite ma e . The ost por t t ev de ce in its favour is th e name of the hill upon which it stands ’ ’ N NA UI N a sli l a i n 300 ar ds n r from Ar ina O oo D , ght e ev t o y o th

ur Inn and a u sam istan fr m the s l us go , bo t the e d ce o choo ho e

f e ir on al th ou h m el for th e eculiar rivets and not at all for th e int for much o th , g y p , fl

’ of the un l ural thus denotin more than one for t. The bill D s, p , g

— 1 8 GUN NA EARTH - WORKS AND FORTS

’ ‘ A BE aAI HE ildin in er i r G . his is a ll s ne u T ho ow to b g, the t o

nl a u s x f e in am r—fill ed l sel i lar e s n s o y bo t i e t di ete oo y w th g to e ,

’ l l ar n and the whole most luxur iant y over gr ow n with nett es. C

’ a Bhr aigh e seems too small to have been a D un (r esembling in his r es An ar nan and ma ssi l r ve be a t pect C ) , y po b y p o to

am r ir ch be ed ca n . Ther e r emain to be noticed two curious r idges of ear th and s on s u n islan ofG ON NA off the s u - s tremi t e po the d , o th we t ex ty

- of 0 011. ese ar e los mid s s r of un na at Th c e to the we t ho e G ,

ull Bagh Frachlan . Th e small er of th e two cr osses a g y (wher e th e s r am n ow is ts it a a u n ar s fr m th e ea t e b ec ) t bo t te y d o b ch, and is s m six f in i sl o in ar s sea b ut o e eet he ght, p g tow d the ,

h inl an i Th n u n l evel roun abr upt on t e d s de. e seco d is po g d a li le th e n r - eas a u 3 ar s in ei it e n s tt to o th t ; bo t y d h ght, xte d for n ar l 1 00 ar s n r an d s u th e n r end nar r e y y d o th o th, o th owed and r mina e a lar e er s ne but the s u r n te t d by g ect to , o th b oke

° away by a r ude car t- tr ack th e whole with the same char acteristic

l mall er s e m n A ou mi a u n th e l an s opes as the s p ci e . b t dw y po d

ar e e of his r i e is a ir ul ar f un da i n s me 20 f e w d dg t dg c c o t o , o e t li l in diameter over the wall s. A ver y tt e r ude potter y was f un but th e si can ar l s ri e as a Dun —r a er o d, te h d y be de c b d th

an r r i r a s of a f r n r i i as ea thwo k w th t ce o t ea ts m ddl e .

islan of unn a is a l a mil e in l en r u and The d G ex ct y gth, o gh

ill ar ds th e es le el in ar of the en r e and i h y tow w t, v p t c t , w th sandh ills to th e east ; n ow tenanted only by Highlan d cattle

’

and a few oa s. At its s end is MacNeil s Ba g t we t y, the ‘ 1 e cairn f th ’ Th o e brae. — COLL HILL- FORTS 1 9

r adi i nar landin - la of MacNeil s of arr a man of t t o y g p ce the B , y whom ar e said to have been ther e slain by th e MacLeans of

ll . ar is ba is a lar e air n i ma mar r a e Co Ne th y g c , wh ch y k the g v

of s MacNeil b s ut l i r i i is m r e r a of r e s r i n . the e , o p ob b y p h to c o g

r w as r a s a ill r r 0 er u n unn a—on The e , pe h p , H Fo t p p po G the

i r un imm dia l to n r of lan in - la e h gh g o d e te y the o th the d g p c ,

r na ill Po t C e.

As has en in i n all su s e is lis ann be c de t y gge t d , th t c ot be

e a i Al mos i u u r ill expect d to be exh ust ve. t w tho t do bt othe H .

r s exis e or ist n ear the n r t - eas s r e in th e Fo t t d ( yet ex ) o h t ho , l n s r e ch en Dulor ichan and Eatharn a and— o g t t betwe Loch , to — par ticul ar ise it seems highly pr obable that ther e wer e other s

imme ia el th e s u of lie Ba and the n r of d t y to o th C d y, to o th

i h - r is al r in ee s t e la nam Br aim nan ar n . So d e, whe e d d p ce e C

But on a un of th e m ar a i e a sen of r ads 0 0 11 is , cco t co p t v b ce o ,

a r a ar islan r and it ul r uir m r ve y wkw d d to wo k, wo d eq e o e than th e four visits paid to it to examin e all the localities

m l s a lik l i r m a which suggest the se ve s e y s tes. The e ay h ve

e n a Dun on islan of Or nsa a mile s u of Ar in b e the d y , o th a

ur u a s ial visi did n ot r v al it . go , tho gh pec t e e Th e wr iter has r ecently noticed (upon a lar ge map of

' n l D i fi S lan u li e A. a d . a un V nr i mar e cot d, p b sh d by C B ck) , k d

n h e n r ast of ll n Com ai Be and Com ai upo t o th co Co , betwee g g g

1 a Luin e of th e six- in r nan Ba n ar th e S 0 0 n ur . y, e g ch O d ce S vey

This is about half a mile n or th- east fr om Dun Bor baidh and

l s i n for a Dun b ut n in can a a ver y like y tat o , oth g be dded

i n for i th e in am l nal s r a a . fr om perso ob e v t o , wh ch h t c e too te COLL—LOCH DUNS

Cm ss C — OCH OB. ARS H U NS u on lar e m un s and ui is in L M D p g o d , q te d t ct

' fiom the Islet Duns ofth e n ext class.

is las s is r e r esen e in ll nl on e s im n hil Th c p t d Co by o y pec e , w e

in Tir ee four ar e to be foun d of man ifestly th e same type.

’ ll s sin l e am l e is n ar l a mil e s u of BR EACACH A in Co g e x p e y o th , 1 the middl e of a for mer loch (Poll nam Br oig ) which w as dr ain ed ’I r 1 Th e m un is s m 20 ar s in iame r a u ea 875 . e bo t the y o d o y d d te ,

i man s nes and als th e a ear an e of na ur al r o on w th y to , o pp c t ck

its sur fa e . r eli s er e n ow be seen nor e n th e sli s c No c w to , ve ghte t tr ace of any buil t footway for access fr om th e mar gin of th e loch

or marsh.

Cu es D

PON S ETS usuall ar ifi ial IN T D UNs U I L ( y t c ) Fas sn WA ER Loom .

ese are s me a numer us in ll b ut n ne ar e of an Th o wh t o Co , o y

lar ar ea an d of n n can th e r i er i e a e ail e a un . ge , o e w t g v d t d cco t 3 Al l have eviden tly possessed clachans or causeways for

a r a b ut of ese ver few ar e is in c l isi l e e pp o ch, th y d t t y v b , xcept

a D un Anl aimh in n an Cinneachan an d th e fir s th t to Loch , t

i of an er at th e n r end of liad nl sect on oth o th Loch C . O y two

1 n Evidently a modern ame.

Dur in th ese drainin o erations was discovered the u er half of a ron e sword g g p pp b z , ’ th four h oles in th e hil t. This s ord in Colonel pierced wi w is Stewart s possession, and is l ' . Soc. Anti . Scot vo . the r oc Jui. . mentioned in P q , p 686. ’ 3 Causeways may not be th e best term for these clachans in connection with the Loch

Th e ar e sim l massive dr - stone d kes ith flat to s a ard or more in id h Duns. y p y y y w p y w t .

22 COLL—ISLAND DUNS ‘ ur u l all ar in nam of OCH R ATE ILT S vey, tho gh oc y be g the e L .

ar its n r end is a l n r islan u n w ic ar e Ne o th o g ocky d , po h h the

unmis a a l r emains of a Dun . is is 25 f in diame r t k b e Th eet te ,

th e al l s in 42 in es hi i a caus a s w be g ch t ck, w th ew y to the we t

and the ac ual ran a r n l A r s t ent ce ppa e t y to the east . c os a small

in th e n r on th e si e s r e fa in th e Dun is a po t to o th oppo t ho , c g ,

turf- c over ed wall about 3 feet thick and th e same in pr esent

i er endi ul ar ar s th e Dun but sl in n r ar s he ght, p p c tow d , op g o thw d

—a ar en l an ar ifi ial s r en su as is aft r war s n e pp t y t c c e , ch e d ot d at h Loc Cliad .

In Loon U R BHAIG n ear Ar ivir i nl alf a mil e n r , g, o y h o th fr om Ar inagour acr oss th e long tidal inl et of Loch Eatham a

r n un e E mma is an slan r ar of its all s distin l (p o o c d ) I d Fo t, p t w ct y

r a n r - traceable thr ough the gr owth of b cko and oyal fem . Th er e

is said to be a causeway towar ds the n orth.

n r end of OCH AN U IN of th e D un Near th e o th L D (Loch ),

' a u mil e n r - s fr m Arin a ur is an er fini e bo t a o th we t o go , oth de t si f imilar ara r i has en en ir l sur r un e te o s ch cte , wh ch be t e y o d d by

ll s s u an d as in ar ti ular l is in . wa s, tho e to the o th e t be g p c y d t ct

in na ur al r and is s m 20 30 ar s This island conta s t ock, o e to y d

fr fr om th e n ear est shor e . The causeway can be traced om the

ar a low r an d n a s r in Dun to a sep te ock, the ce to teep ocky po t

- es s r of l t u it s not lan on the north w t ho e the och, ho gh doe d

er but n in u s al n as of a r l el th e, co t e o g the b e th t ock to the ev beach.

as th e native ter m for aDun or Fort ?

COLL—ISLAND DUNS 23

At h th e n r t and s ut en s of Loon CLI AD alf a bot o h o h d , h mil far er n r h - s ar e ra es of uil in s u n l ow natural e th o t we t, t c b d g po , islan ds in ea r a a Cli i ase a a use a . e , ch c pp o ched by c w y Loch d s a u alf a mil e l n b ut its l ev l and als ns u n l its bo t h o g, e ( o co eq e t y ar ea) has of late year s been somewhat r educed by dr ain in g

r ope ation s. The site at the n or th end of the loch is much the better of th e r th islan is a r oa e a ur w a two. He e e d pp ch d by c ved cause y some 3 ar ds w i e at th e s r e end and 25 ar s in l en y d ho y d gth.

Ei or ten ar ds out th e a ss is n ar r and at his ght y cce owed , t i l . in b 2 . o t 9 in . point a ver y lar ge b ock f stone (8 ft 6 . y by — 2 lies a i i n l la r e as a ar r i r . n ft. ) cr oss t ev de t y p ced the b e Upo

s r e er fen ause a or i e the ho , wheth to de d the c w y w th the obj ct of scr eening both th e flat islan d and th e Isl et Dun fr om the n i of enemi s ar e s ar a e ar r s in lin e eas ot ce e , two ep t e thwo k , t ’ and s but w i s me in r al e e n . Of es s we t, th o te v b tw e th e the we t m is a u 50 ar ds lon and 9 feet i in th e n r e a r u ost bo t y g h gh ce t , b pt

s u but sl in th e n r . Th e as rn m un to the o th, op g to o th e te o d

' or i nall uilt the did not uite reach the th en sur faceof th e ater ith the resul t that g y b , y q w , w i h tful occu ants of th e Dun ould ma e due allowance for the eccentricit whil e th e r g p w k y,

f the e a s o served oth in Coll and in Nor th and South i with the elevation o caus w y b b U st.

Add to this the statement mad e to th e writer when in North Uist, that the practice was

lar l oosel - oised stones on th e surface of th e cause a so a to place one or more ge y p w y, s to give timely warning (through the clattering prod uced) in case of an attempted surprise by night. 24 COLL—ISLAND DUNS is now n i r l d l s e a r n an not n ar so is in . co d b y b oke , e y d t ct The na ural islan i self is l n and l ow i r mains of a i t d t o g , w th the e th ck

u er all and n ar its n r th e f un a i ns of r al uil o t w , e ce t e o d t o seve b d in s—one of se a ar en l al an d s ill s in ur s s g the pp t y ov , t how g two co e in r 1 or 1 - pa ts. About 0 5 yar ds south west is a much small er isl of s ones all a ear an e en ir el ar ifi ial an d i en l et t , to pp c t y t c , ev d t y

n a e a f r the mmuni a i n i i has e n o ce c pp d by o t, co c t o w th wh ch b e

w a of lar e fiat isl an r r a es of a se n ause by y the g d, whe e t c co d c 1 w ay ar e to b e seen at the near est point to th e Dun . It is this small er isl an d for which th e west moun d no doubt mainly acted as a mask:

min the s u en d of lie ere is a mu Co g to o th Loch C d , th ch

r r r e e i i n of ause a an d na ur al islan r poo e p t t o c w y t d, togethe wi a sin l e ear r on si e s r e nl in is as th g thwo k the oppo t ho , o y th c e the moun d or scr een is in mor e per fect condition than either of

t n or end is as ma be e a r u those a the th . It ( y xpected) b pt to n r and sl in sou us r r sin the arran men i o th op g to th, th eve g ge t wh ch

ld r th e r cause a on a un of th e al ere r ela i e ho s n ea bette w y, cco t t d t v position s of islan d and moun d. Its measur ements ar e some 60 yar ds in len gth by 1 1 in width at th e centr e (in cluding the

of th e u er sl e but nar r in ar s ends th e whol e o t op ) , ow g tow d both ,

i a u 6 f r ar e but gr eatest height be ng only bo t eet. The e scanty

of a ause a th e flat islan i is s me a similar traces c w y to d, wh ch o wh t

in er me ia e one al r ea es ri at th e n r en d of to th e t d t , dy d c bed, o th

1 l ra In the t The protective arrangements are specially e abo te in this case. fir s place tw o rampar ts on th e shore ; then a cur ved causeway (with a huge stone obstr ucting it)

island.

COLL —ISLAND DUNS 25

l h r ar e f un a i ns of a ir ular uil in of th e oc . He e the o d t o c c b d g

in r i r diam er i inn r and u 2 f about 3 yards te o et , w th e o ter walls eet a ar an d a ain at an in er val of s m ar ds an er an d i er p t, g t o e y , oth w d

A li l e n r ar e fur r r f r al concentr ic wall . tt to the o th the t aces o seve

uil in s i s m lar s n s. An in er s in fea ur e is th e b d g , w th o e ge to e t e t g t

ur r en in a er off n r r mi of is islan occ ce, the w t the o th ext e ty th d, of lar r in s of s n s on e of em near l a inin two ge g to e , th y djo g the n r oint in th e h n l ow l e l of l an d th e s n o th p ( t e ve the och), eco d a u 2 ar ds fur er out i in th e a ar an e as if of a bo t 0 y th , g v g ppe c

s of f r s in th e mi dl e of l in a lin e n rt d ser ie o t d the och, o h an

u so th. — Each of the Upper an d Lower Mill Lochs mar ked upon the Or dnance map Loch nan Cin neach an and Loch Anl aimh

n ain an Islan D un. Th e aeli n ames of ese l s as co t s d G c th och , of isl s Eil an nan Cinn eachan an d Eilean Anl aimh ar e the et ( e ), mos su s i m anin th e l h an d islan of th e ea en t gge t ve, e g oc d h th ’ 1 or n il s an d of laf r s e i l . L all th e islan ( Ge t e ) O e p ct ve y oc y, d for t in Loch n an Cin n each an (the Upper Mill Loch ) is kn own

DU N M hi ma seem n r adi r al u as as , w ch y co t cto y, tho gh a matter of fact th e two lochs have pr obably on ce for med

ne nl an d in e en n ow ar e s ar l se ar a e e o o y, deed v c ce y p ted , xc pt

i r ais r a a hi r sses e n em for a h ghly ed o dw y w ch c o betw e th . The head of Loch nan Cinneachan is fully two miles west fr om Ar ina

ur and of nar r l hs a n e er ar e a ut go , both the ow oc t ke tog th bo

a mil in l en l in n r and s u . Dun Anlaimh is n e gth, y g o th o th ear

d of th e u r l an d er a s 20 th e n orth en ppe och, p h p to 30 yar ds ‘ 1 Norsemen are t l ’ In the Irish Annal s the s y ed Gentil es. D 26 COLL—ISLAND DUNS

.

fr m as s r n it is a r a e a ll - r ser o the e t ho e, whe ce pp o ch d by we p e ved

m r r A. rass un ns causew ay thr ough r ather deep w ate . g y o d c ow

l se s n s i f r m th e a ar n l ar tifi ial isl e and the oo to e wh ch o pp e t y c t, l the foundations of buildin gs ar e cl ear y traceable. Upon the — br ow of a hill which is close to the west of the loch Cn oc nan

a th e ill of th e ell in s —an d r l kin th e Dun Tot , h dw g ove oo g ,

ar e th e r emains of air s of ir ular er e i n s and a ain two p c c ct o ; g ,

on as si and far r s u — ust si e the le a the e t de, the o th j oppo t e v ted — roadway which n ow divides the upper and lower lochs is the

and l r r r un uil in site of an other a ge o d b d g .

In th e OW ER MI OCH a u alf w a n its eas si L LL L , bo t h y dow t de,

and n ot in s all a r is an h r i n l artifi ial islan h ow w te , ot e ev de t y c d

i n f a f r r is i an is a u wi with s g s o o me Dun . Th sl d bo t t ce as far

fi'om th e sh r as t a in th e u er l and no aus a o e h t pp och, c ew y

is isi l u one is sai is . v b e, tho gh d to ex t

n er nin fir s of es islan - f r s - Dun Anlaimh Co c g the t th e two d o t , , in the r il l — r n ms a s me a ail r a i Uppe M Loch, the e o wh t det ed t d tion to the effect that in it lived the Nor se chief who held Coll long after th e n eighbour ing islan ds had been abandon ed by

MacLean of uar his comr ades. It is said that D t alr eady possessed

Tir and a one of his s ns r min a ac th e ee, th t o dete ed to tt k Non e man resuma l eu Ola in his isl s r n l (p b y f t et t o gho d. The Nor w e ians fin in h emsel s er m th r ow ir a ns in g , d g t ve ov co e, the we po to

l ut se n r ea of ir i ors the och, to p the beyo d the ch the v ct . A

r is a ear 1 384 is e n a ta h th e s r al u p ec e d te, the y , ve t c ed to to y , tho gh it is well to confess that this chr onology is r eached fr om the fact that the MacLeans of Coll sold their possessions in that isl and

COLL—ISLAND DUNS 27

in l 856 and a rdin eir famil r r ds had n l , , cco g to th y eco , the he d 1 em for 4 2 r n nl m l r r s iv th 7 yea s. He ce the o y too si p e et o pect e

An oth er ver sion of evidently th e same in ciden t (not seen until after th e above had been r eceived viva w ee) is con tain ed ’ 1 in ll i and ular R ev. am s l Tr ad tions Po the J. G. C pbe Can p

Tales air of D ow r w n hi wa t a r (p . The L d a t as o s y o g the

r en in ir an d sen as r elis ll for m a . The t T ee t ho e to K , Co , e t woman of th e house told MacLean w as not wor th sendin g

m a an d D ow ar t in l am as r see w h sh e sai e t to, k d y c e ho e to y d

ll f r im lf. so. She said it because he w as n ot taking Co o h se 1 T r r n l Mor t rs fr m lin had ll at the ime An a h ee b o he o Loch Co t ,

in o Annl a an r in Dun Bithi in Totr onald and ir L ch , othe g , the th d

1 The tional date above uoted ma he suficientl ell found so far as concerns tradi q y y w ed, th e earliest historical record of a MacLean (In chlan Makgilleonc) h olding possession of

M and th e Treshnish

’ do Mm mwal lis ct dimedia Mata tam do Hindebollcc charters fr om his rother - in , ) by b

w Donal d second Lord of th e Isles of date 1 2th ul 1 390 hich ere confirmed la , , , J y , w w by

1 ut as r ds the island and in in ul 4 5 ames xv. R M. . B r ames L a a 9 a . a Bi e a J , g J y by J ( y g g ) g uth entic notice am o 1 409 of a MacLean nn tion that w e have een of Coll , the first a ( ) co ec b

r incl uded in th e same confirmation of 1 496 and mer el refers to term 6 ab le to discove is , y m m de i Mfw l fiz Ma Colq k w fid ual fim far fim d M al b dc Tr iage p r im ammatim dar t comm “?and this in connection with the constabulary of ‘ ’ ir nhur ohn MacLean sur named Gar h is said to have been the first of Coll and his Ca . g J ( b ) ,

‘ — ’ ‘ ’ ha t r v ll Ite Clan Histor and Cha ter vm . Th e Treshnish Th e in C p e n . , Co y, p , Isles.

Macl e ans did not hol d Tiree for uite three centuries that island assin in l 67tt e q , p g

who died in 1 891 . 28 COLL—ISLAND DUNS

in r i hi ol ill h ir men ers lf fit to ear ar ms . G s p h . She ad th ty h e b Dow ar t wen t to Loch Ann la for t late in th e evenin g alon e an d

’ w as os i a l r i nl ar r s re n ear fir e h p t b y ece ved. An as ow we the ,

‘ and Dow ar t gradually edged n ear th em till h e managed to

ma off m i l d a a r imsar i and is i he . s e fi t G ke w th t Th to ght , perhaps th e r eason w hy Dow ar t en couraged Iain Gar bh to make

’ himselfmaster ofColL The for ts her e men tioned ar e Dun Anl aimh (in th e Upper Mill

Dun i at Totr onald an d D un u in G r ishi ol . er e Loch), Be c , D bh p Th

r a l w as a a l e f u n ear Totr on ald and i in a mil e of p ob b y b tt o ght , w th

G r imisar th e la in s ill n n as Sr uthan nan eann or y, p ce be g t k ow C , ’ 1 The ur n of ea s e er or n ot h er e ma in es B the H d . Wh th t y be , th e

. s r ies a u D un An laimh s m nfusi n een the rs to bo t , o e co o betw No e

men and the MacNeils of arr a as th e n emies h m un B , e w o yo g

MacL l l ean of uar ef a ar efin and ell r e D t d e ted, the c e y d ed w p ser ved causeway (in deep water ) to this Dun in the Upper

ill ul lea th e n lusi n a it was one of M Loch, wo d d to co c o th t

islan r las a an n the d fo ts t to be b do ed.

Al though Kin g Magnus I v . of Norway sur r ender ed the

ri s lan in 1 266 aft r th e at l of Lar e it seems Heb de to Scot d ( e b t e g ), cer tain that man y of his vassal s an d their descendan ts would continue to occupy th eir pr operty (and al so their str ongholds) in se islan s far at l eas in o n en ur v n if the d t t the ext c t y, e e it is to b e supposed that th e Scottish Kings r eceived any r eal submission fr om th e aliens in r emote and (to this day) unfr e

1 This attle however seems not to have been f u h r b , , o g t until 1 696, two hundred yea s

ee osted . later . S p

CHAPTER III

COLL—HUT CI RCLES (INLAN D)

THI S is a type r epr esen ted by per haps four large specimens in

ll all si u e s m a inl an and r e of em at a Co , t at d o ewh t d th e th

nsi er a le is an fr m an ll - d efin ed f r hil e co d b d t ce o y we o t, w the absen ce of outer defen ces makes them appear to bear the 1 ar a r of na i llin e not a u ch cte t ve dwe gs. Th y do exceed bo t

’ 6 ar s in t ri r iame r i ur f or mi s n and ur f y d e o d te , w th t ( xed to e t )

w n v r r 4 in h i walls n o ot o e 3 o feet e ght.

By far the best example stands on a hill - slope thr ee- quar ters of a mil e n r of Ar ina ur on fur h r i f th s r am o th go , the t e s de o e t e

hi en r s Eatham a and a u 300 ar s eas fr m w ch te Loch , bo t y d t o the

- u r i on l ar r n l mission ho se . He e s e ge ou d and very gr een kn o l

smal l er m un s l se i n Th e lar r with two o d c o to t o the west. ge knoll is 1 0 or 1 2 feet high with th e r emains in its centr e of an

r i n 6 ar s in diam er sur r un e an u r all of e ect o y d et , o d d by o te w ( which onl y the foundations show) en cl osing atotal ar ea of some

Th mal l er n r r i l 6 1 8 yar ds acr oss. e s k oll s a e espect ve y about an d 4 ar s in iam r and fr m 3 or 4 fe alf of a d d ete , o et to h th t y . i h his r u is nl on e hi it w as a m in he g t. T g o p the o y w ch tte pted COLL—HUT- CI RCLES 31

m ans of a li l di in f r una l i h s m to test by e tt e gg g, o t te y w t o e

r In si f lar m definite (if slen der ) esul ts. the de o the gest oun d

is l s fra men s of r u e un laz er one iece w er e d c o ed g t d , g ed pott y ( p

t a sim l a r n and in small er n s i n - mi en wi h p e p tte ) the o e , k tche dd r fuse s ells fish - n s and la as es i a r few e , h , bo e , c yey h , w th ve y

ra m n s of in —all a u a f el the r s n sur fac f g e t fl t bo t oot b ow p e e t e . In deed it w as much like pr obing an in ferior specimen of the

ill - r s th e ief dis in i n s in al a sen of H Fo t , ch t ct o be g the tot b ce — — m r - s nes and an im ci an in sl en r na ur ham e to , p t t po t the de t e

r r i h n ir l s l r n l u i of th e outer ba ier wh c e c c e the arge k o l . J dg n g

n a ur of r etc. f un in it his r um ul by the t e the potte y, o d , t wo d appear to date fr om about th e same period as that of the later occupation of th e forts pr oper . Upon the point between Por t na Luinge and Cr ossapol Bay (some 200 yar ds south of the MacLean Mausoleum) ar e

nsi r a l m un s hi n o l al nam is a a e two co de b e o d to w ch oc e tt ch d. Flin t chips an d a few fr agmen ts of potter y wer e also foun d

' r e but the r mains ar e s an afior d an sa isfac or he , e too c ty to y t t y

About 400 yar ds south- east of Kil br ide farmhouse ar e the

n of one lar and re smaller r un r i n r ui s ge th e o d e ect o s. These

r n ot ssess the same n ll - li e arac r b u ha howeve do po k o k ch te , t ve

n all n d s an u n an ele a la au sto e w s a t d po v ted p te .

A ain u n as si of nan Cinneachan i g , po the e t de Loch , oppos te the raised r oadw ay which now divides the Upper an d Lower

ill s ar e f un a i ns of a lar e ir ul ar uil in M Loch , the o d t o g c c b d g.

n the s e ill - si 200 ards s u of a Mbill Upo t ep h de, y o th Loch 32 COLL—OLD CROFTS AND SHIELINGS

Air Be is a r u of f ur r un or al r i ns one of d g, g o p o o d ov e ect o ,

em n si ra l lar n r s th co de b y ger tha th e othe .

But in e i h e e i n of th e fir s m n i n n ar d ed, w t the xc pt o t e t o ed ( e

h Eatharna an d n e in e r a n ar nan Loc ) xt d g ee, th t e Loch

Cin neachan it ma saf r to assum a m s of s , y be e e th t o t the e

ul r mai ar m r el r uin f l f r f r al cir c ar e ns e e y s o an o d type o c o t. Seve small er r un er i n s er e n i s e iall ar s the o d ect o w ot ced, e p c y tow d eas end of ll in r r m ar s n ear Ghill e- Caluim t Co , ve y e ote p t Loch an d an t- Sa air t ur r in as dis in n lls an d in airs Loch g , occ g t ct k o p , or in r u s of r or f ur imil r l f ur er s of a li g o p th ee o . S a y o oth ke s a e al u n ot of n ll ar a r ar e f un on h p , tho gh the k o ch cte , to be o d

n r h sl o e of ar nan u a us a e h an uin and the o t p C D bh , j t bov Loc D ; at On ce n an Tota the hillock of th e dwellings immediately to th e west of Loch nan Cinn eachan an d lookin g down upon its islan f r Dun Anl aimh is an er r ow of f ur in air s d o t ( ) , oth o , p .

All ese r e r a l an earl of shielin th e aeli th we p ob b y y type g, G c — — wor d for this Air idh enter ing ver y lar gely in to the plac e

h n r th er n alf f l n Th ar i us names in t e o h o th e is a d. e v o Airidh s mar ked upon th e Or dn an ce map in Coll ar e literally too many

en umera al u it ul seem a it is man ear to te , tho gh wo d th t y y s

l li ar sin ce any wer e in actua occupation . Shie n gs e still in use in e is an d r i er un in 1 901 r a zen of L w , the w t co ted ove do ( oblong shape and tur f- r oofed) in view together at one point

el mil s fr m Stom ow a . u h of h R oa within tw ve e o y So t Loc g,

th e las - nam islan r u s of r uin e shielin s of upon t ed d, g o p d g ,

r f r m ar e n ot r ar but the dimensi ns of se amine cir cula o , e, o tho ex d

r n i r ran to only 8 or 9 feet ofin te al d amete .

CHAPTER IV

COLL—SANDHILL DWELLINGS

IN ll as in ir e an cien ear s and i c n - mi ns ur Co , T e , t h th k t he dde occ in man lar r u s and ar e alm s in ar ia l r a e y ge g o p , o t v b y to be t c d in an s er e th e san ills ar e mu l n a is to sa y pot wh dh ch b ow , th t y, as a en r al r ul e n ar th e n r r n and es r n s res of t g e , e o the w te ho bo h islan s d .

Hammer - ston es ar e al most as plentiful in conn ection with

is lass as in th e an cien r s an d th e same ma sai th c t Fo t , y be d

i r e r to th a n r Th w th ga d e bu dan ce of fr agments of potte y. e

ara er e er of th e er f un u on san dh ills ch ct , how v , pott y o d p the

’ usuall diflers ma eriall fr m ha iel e th e uns in y t y o t t y d d by D , be g alm s in ar ia l of a r u er or m r r a ell na ur e il e o t v b y d o e g v y t , wh the few pattern s to be obser ved upon it ar e small and simple in the

r eme in in is w a so is in i e as ma e it s m ext , be g th y d t ct v to k ee

easy to decide at sight whether a piece of patter n ed pottery

m s fr m a Dun or a An e en m r n e r co e o sandh ill . v o e ot wo thy

contrast exists in th e lar ge quan tities of flint- chips which ar e to

f un in nn i n wi th e r s n lass s iall as in be o d co ect o th p e e t c , e pec y fl t

i e e din l rar e in all th in s xc e g y e Duns that wer e exam ed. These fac ts would make it appear that th e san dhills wer e occupied either at a differ en t epoch or by an other people from

36 COLL—SANDHILL SITES of 1 6 — alr ea ri as si ua e u n a the D un (No. ) dy desc bed t t d po

r ian ular hil lo een ee l rn ull i s—is s r n t g ck, betw two d p y wo g e t ew a. uan i of er a li l of it at rn wi flin ts in lu q t ty pott y ( tt e p t e ed) , th , c d 1 - in s me s r a er s. r ar e v r no e l d efined si es g o c p The e , howe e , w l t ,

e se ral i n - mi ns i as es s ells and n s a exc pt ve k tche dde w th h , h , bo e ;

’ ra s of ir n m i few horses teeth an d sc p o ar e also et w th .

A u 1 00 ar s th e ast u n l r r un us a ve bo t y d to e , po owe g o d j t bo

lm r th e ea is a s a s e i l ar e s nes. r b ch, pot o t cov ed w th g to He e

was n i e one ammer s on but r li l r ot c d good h t e, ve y tt e potte y,

d n ssi l is has n an an i n me r . an o flin t. Po b y th bee c e t ce te y

ill f r er n r - as al a s near th e s r e a li l St a th to the o th e t, w y ho , tt e

’ potter y w as foun d at inter vals as far as the poin t R udh an

’ ' i At TonosrAN a u mil s s u - st of r idh . t Ard E , bo t two e o th we Bousd (passing on th e w ay a littl e potter y in br oken sandhills by

si e of r r u r a or rac is a mu m r e nsi th e d the ve y o gh o d t k) , ch o exte ve ser ies of sites scatter ed over a lar ge flat ar ea dotted with small

hi i a li le s u of Dun Bor baidh and imm di m unds. s s e o T tt o th ,

’ ately east of the bur n which flows out of Loch a Mbill Air d ’ a un ar e e n ll and Cornai a and forms bo d y b tw e the Co g est tes. ’ is U chd n a Cam m anin th e r as of Th e local name , e g b e t the

’ air ns and th e r main s ar e of a mi ara r r a s C , e xed ch cte (pe h p

llin s an d ur ials as in ee is ase i man both dwe g b ) , d d the c w th y

1 — — - d stone axe a l on oval was found h Half of a well shape g ere. Th e flint" are of

1 rtion far th e lar est division of ll th e for mer The central po , by g Co ( possession of the

MacLeans is o ned Colonel Ste ar t. The tw o ends of the island Caoles to the south ) w by w ,

d rnai to th e north - east n ow el on to the Buchanan famil althou west an Co g , b g y, gh these

l formed art ofth e lar e d omains of th e Dukes ofAr ll in termediate y p g gy .

— COLL SANDHILL SITES 37

of the san ill si s in ll an d ir his is s e iall dh te , both Co T ee . T e p c y

mar at us and Tor ostan in th e n r r n ar of ll ked Bo d , o the p t Co ,

as also at Cliad and Totr onal d er e ur ials and ellin , wh b dw g

i s ur r n ar ea r al u r esuma l of ui s te occ ve y e ch othe , tho gh p b y q te

' difler ent e s s ar a d in is r es e it ma man poch , ep te th p ct, y be , by y

c n ur i s. At Tor ostan for e am l is one lar e a a u e t e , x p e, g he p bo t

6 ar s in diam r at an d s me 1 5 fe i i y d ete the top, o et h gh, w th th e a ar an e of a ir ul ar l uil am r in its n r e th e ppe c c c y b t ch be ce t ,

of i in w as ar l en in the summer of 1 896 top wh ch, deed, p t y op ,

n l i although by n ext year it had bee c osed. This s te is evidently 1 — - — that of a ver y old burial a chamber ed cair n but onl y 40 yar ds

n r stan s a r eli of er differ en na ur e an to the o th d c v y t t ,

ce din l lar it n - mi n i is sim l a mass of ex e g y ge k che dde , wh ch p y lim s lls in r s r s a few ar s ri in l s n s pet he , te pe ed by co e pe w k e , bo e , and r n s n s i u a fr a men of er n b oke to e , w tho t g t pott y to be see .

Close to the chamber ed- cairn r ude potter y w as plentiful (some of it in lar e ie s b ut r li le a rn e i g p ce , ve y tt p tte ed) tog ther w th

- s eral hamm r st n s. lin is v r s ar b ut th e cast ev e o e F t e y c ce, to a few scr a er s r e f un als a l af- s a e arr - good p we o d, o e h p d ow head

of uil in s ar e mm n ar s th e s u an d as and er b d g co o tow d o th e t, th e

seem al s ha n som is s. A is of s n th e siz o to ve bee e c t d c to e , e

’ of ne s alm ui flat u n one si e was i e u th e o p , q te po d , p ck d p ,

i in n a if cen tr e ofth e flat s de de ted s by use.

u - s of Tor ostan u n AL A mile so th we t , po the G L ANAOH san d

ills n ill un ai ur ar a li l er w as se n h beyo d K g ch chy d , tt e pott y e ,

1 The chsmbmed - mim is s most m cient bufid typq dafing bsck to the m noto stone aga 38 COLL— SANDHILL SITES especially among the l ofty sand - sl oPes just to the west of th e

a l r ar e dis in as s in la al u si ch pe . The e t ct he one p ce ( tho gh the te is n ot other wise to be iden tified as a dwelling) with pottery

s me sim l a r n b ut amm r - s n s an d flints ar e har dl ( o p y p tte ed), h e to e y

f n ar s ll i in l n b e u . ut ar s Ga ana s a s O to o d So hw d , tow d ch , g e pe ed

is n ainin uman n es and near it fur er r emains of c t, co t g h bo , th what have pr obably also been cists ; others have cer tainl y been f ar r on ar e s er al a s of s n s i er un . o d F the ev he p to e , w th pott y sometimes n ear them but without doubt most of the ancient si s r e ar e er i san hills or hi n te he cov ed by the h gh d , dde by the

n r r un ear a str ongly growin g ben ts o lowe g o d. N this place h ve

n l e n f un a s r t ne in wi a lar r un a rece t y b e o d ho bo p th ge o d he d, a en - ann ular r nze r in and a. rass in of old u p b o g, b p (tho gh pr obably not an cient) make ; also a pin for med of br onze wir e

i a l s th e e of a with twin loops at ts he d . C o e to ast the p th

—f r i is har l a r oa — e n us an d Gall anach m r e o t d y d b twee Bo d , o

seen e r i r ro e ir n n ails and potter y is to be , tog the w th co d d o , ,

but mu ann b e ma of is ir n l in as it s r ivets, ch c ot de th o , y g doe f i so near the r egul ar tr ack to th e east end o th e sland.

f allan a an d r ina s am n CLI AD san South o G ch A bo t, o g the d

e een r ad and sea is an e nsi ra f hill s, b tw the o the , xte ve t ct o 1 n n ainin man m ar a i el le el s ac es. ere br oken sa d, co t g y co p t v y v p H ,

1 0 a fine en - annular b on e rooch was found at Cliad alth ou h it About th e year 1 88 p r z b , g

ld Ross Pr Soc. Anti . Scot vol xv. 1 5 m Mr . Dona oc. . . 3 as fro is erroneously descr ibed by ( q , p )

in h ose Pr oceedin s it is fi ured vol . xv. . In diameter it by him to th e Society, w g g ( p

ith a l oose in nearl 3 inch es lon . The brooch hich is measures about I} incheaw p y g , w

welflih centur via a attened band of e ual idth ex andin at the ends p eriod (ninth to t y), , fl q w , p g ,

40 COLL—SANDHILL SITES mi n of mu - eca ri inkl and lim s lls a li l e dde ch d yed pe w e pet he , tt

- r and an asi nal ammer s n . potte y, occ o h to e

Two mil es south - west of G r ishipol ar e the extensive sand

n far m u of Ball h o h d T O ALD flats l in s s an OTB N . , y g betwee the ho e y g

f the ra r a r e is n n for m r han a mil a ross East o t ck ( o d the o e, o e t e c

n s ar e s r al si es mar r u s f n these loose sa d ) eve t ked by g o p o sto es.

lar s of all is n ar s r a and nsis s of a The ge t e e t to the o d, co t

i in m un m asur in s m 1 2 l 3 ar s i d st ct o d, e g o e by y d , w th two lar e s nes u n its summi an d man s re n u n its sur face g to po t y t w po ,

- ur r e in s m uan i imil r si while hor se bones occ d o e q t ty. S a tes

n as ar in i en ll s am n th e san hills and exte d e tw d to h dd ho ow o g d , of these two wer e found to be r espectively a cir cle of 25 feet

iame r an d an al of 25 35 fe . All of s er e d te , ov by et the e w

in in in w a of r eli s but fr a m n s of r disappo t g the y c , g e t potte y an d br oken flints (hammer - ston es being almost absen t) at least

m an i n ara r is i s r ba l as m eri s attest so e c e t ch cte t c p o b y ce et e ,

i ll sin e si s ar e ui se ar a e not ontinu us li espec a y c the te q te p t , c o ke

r fr m th e r a th e san s r s n a m s ur i Westwa d o t ck , d p e e t o t c ous a ar ance sur fac e of small a s ha in f rm i s lf ppe , the the he p v g o ed t e

man is la a le- t0 s of firm nsis n alm s as if into y o ted t b p co te cy, o t

s ar e all fr z n sands an d vi n l petr ified. The e c ed the o e , e de t y

lar r r i n of lim u l ss fr m r or contain a ge p opo t o e, do bt e o powde ed

At the extr eme south (or Totr onald) end is at least one

r i c en - mi n of s ells nes an d r i a la ge k t h dde h , bo , potte y, w th ’

f rs s l in a u . lin is er a un an number o ho e teeth y g bo t F t h e b d t,

42 COLL—SANDHIL L SITE S and is in mar s o fir r h the d t ct k f e. Nea t is spot w as foun d a lar ge

n ne dl size of its h ad s in the n cessi for bo e e e, the e how g e ty

use al n i it of a r er or dkin su as has us the , o g w th , bo bo ch j t

en s r i e as f un om 200 ar u - be de c b d o d s e y ds to th e so th west. Not far fr om this n eedl e wer e two ston e sinker s and what s m a s n axe of r eenis ma r ial ll s a e ee ed to be to e g h te , we h p d

ut mu a r - b ch we the wor n . — Nor thw ar ds from this site ar e the r emains very clearly

fin — of a l n r e an ul ar st n all or m r r ba l aus de ed o g , ct g o e w , o e p o b y c e

n it e r i w ay. I deed s ems as ifther e had existed he e an extens ve la e- illa al u not of th e Cr ann ellin s k v ge ( tho gh og type) , the dw g a ar n l nn e e ause a s and th e le er in a pp e t y co ct d by c w y , who cov g

r ea r i n of th e s u er n alf of th i m aus a g t po t o o th h e sth us . The c ew y in question n ms n or th from th e middl e of one heap of ston es to

an er en n r a ain after ar s ur nin es at r i an les. oth , th o th g , w d t g w t ght g

In the nor ther n half of this low - lying flat ar e a few specimens of fan as i a le- san ill s su as a n the t t c t b topped dh , ch h ve bee de s r i d e n Ball h o h an d Totr onal d but ar ds his ar c be b twee y g , tow t p t

t r and flints ra i all bo h potte y p ct c y cease to occur . ’ 1 In Blackwood s Magazine Of August 1 882 is an ar ticle

’ n i l m lim s s of r e is r i ri an s i e t t ed So e G p e the P h to c Heb de , wh ch

s ri s his la - ill a e near r ssa l Ba an d m n i ns de c be t ke v g C o po y, e t o — 11 two br onze ornaments as ther e found a br ooch an d a pin

th e f r m r and th e fin r of in in r ali fr m lie o e e the two be g e ty o C d , as

1 B Mr . Donald o In f h y R ss, spector o Sc ools. 1 The in is fi ure in Pr oc. oc A vol xv. . 81 p g d S . ntiq . Scot , . p .

COLL—SANDHILL SITES 43

Near th e s u - s r emi of ll at CAOLEs a u o th we t ext ty Co , , bo t 1 00 yar ds fr om the shor e an d just to th e west of the tel egraph ‘ ire i r asses fr m ll ir ee is an er a ar en l w wh ch the e p o Co to T , oth ( pp t y

sin l i r e er e full g e) s te in a san dhill among th e bents. He w y 1 0 yar ds of a semicir cul ar wall traceable as the east side of 1 a uil in i as es amm r - s nes flints in ludin f ur b d g, w th h , h e to , ( c g o

scr a ers s m er n n e a er n e a. ie of ir n sla p ) , o e pott y ( o p tt d), p ce o g,

’ and a rse s ne an d A uar er of a mil th e ho bo tooth. q t e to

eas u n r si e of th e el e r a - lin and a u ui t, po the othe d t g ph e bo t eq

istan i the las fr m th e s r e is an r mu lar r d t w th t o ho , othe ch ge

rea in h ur f r l t e a e massi out r in . s b k t bov ve, c opp g ock C o e

a r in man lac s w as a s ft ar ir n sla som bove the ock y p e o e thy o g, e

of it in a u ul ar f r m m n s as es but all of it i n l t b o ao g t h , ev de t y

ast . On e in w as f un r e als amm r s n s and w e fl t o d he , o two h e to e ’ a li tle r t potte y.

alf - - H a. mile nor th west from the signal post of the telegr aph

a l at n r t en d of TR AIGH NA SIOL A G in a san r ess c b e , the o h , dy ec

a e ea is ar of a s r n l uil semi ir ular all bov the b ch, p t t o g y b t c c w ,

s m 3 fee hi i a sli t a r and 5 ar s in con o e t gh, w th gh b tte , y d tin uous len m r of i in r a l i i e i n l t e us a . s s gth, o e b g j t t ce b e Th v de t y

a r ais sa ill ellin es iall as in its n r at a li l ed ndh dw g, pec y ce t e, tt e

i r l e el a i - n th e r f en mi en is dis l se . Am e use h ghe v , k tch dd c o d o g w as found a bone with a symmetr ical hole bor ed thr ough its

hi er end an d als s m r in l udin a sin l fra m n t ck , o o e potte y, c g g e g e t

1 One small hard hammer - ith man d u n i stone was very peculiar, w y eep scratches po ts

the hollows or sand dun ill es of th e w ows. 44 COLL—SANDHILL SITES

a er n i h an ills In a i i n p tt ed w th the simple type of t e s dh . dd t o

se r f fr m n s of in an d ir n sla to the we e obser ved a ew ag e t fl t o g,

’ and a rse s r i one or r ammer ho tooth, togethe w th two poo h

n sto es. A quar ter of a mile still farther west (also just above the — shor e) ar e sever al stone heaps upon a sandy slope other wise a m s unsa isfa r si e al u a sin l bit of r w as o t t cto y t , tho gh g e potte y

mm ia el to th e eas of Ben il] a e r an t- air I ed t y t Fo , bov Po t So ,

- - r is a small sand br eak with a kitchen midden and some potte y.

Al u a en uin an ien si e m er n er is er in er tho gh g e c t t , od pott y h e t l min e e i en l fr m r uin ed a es n ot far off. g d, v d t y o two cott g

' An i f b e n i other s te o somewhat difler ent type may al so ot ced. This is a mil e from th e n ear est shor e an d about halfw ay between

Ar il eod an d Totr onald li er all u n si of r ad hic , t y po the de the o , w h

r u i r l r e ki - mi en of cuts th o gh t. He e has been a a g tchen dd lim s d r i inkl i f n i urin an es a ew n s. e pet pe w , w th bo e The ghbo g s il is not at all san and a u 1 50 ards n r l s o dy, bo t y to the o th (c o e to the west of the r oad ) is a gravel - pit con taining n umer ous

flin n o fla ts o e f hi r e a fas i n s ra r . ked , w ch p ov d to be h o ed c pe

— 46 COLL PREHISTORIC BUR IAL - SITES

' A quar ter of a mil e n or th - west ofAR INABosr ar e por tions ofan ir r ul ar l s a e m un s an in n r t an d s u in hi r eg y h p d o d t d g o h o th, w ch we e f un it is s a a r nz ea n an d a w as all a lme o d, t ted, b o e w po wh t c ed he t, together with smal l squar e scales supposed to be of ar mour .

ift ar s n r of G r ishi ol far m use a inin s F y y d o th p ho , djo g the we t si of th e r ad is a small m un i an u si iame er of de o , o d, w th o t de d t

1 5 f insi e 7 f . his b ur ial air n a r din l cal eet, d 5 eet T c , cco g to o 1 r adi i n was n a u ar 1 765 hr r w ians t t o , ope ed bo t the ye by t ee No eg

’ or s ri l r e men fr m Lochl inn i ma m an ei r ( t ct y, by th e o , wh ch y e the

r n f Mr r s o u ML nmar or a in th e . ac ean n De k No w y) p e e ce H gh , the

is a a the s r an r s me lair d of Col]. It dded th t t ge took ho with

m he r li s is l se laim in s er ain a fell the t e c d c o d, c g the e to p t to ow

un r man if not en an an s r . is a uri us s r co t y , ev ce to It c o to y , and on e wonder s how the Nor wegian s coul d feel so sur e of th e

’ his i t e ARNA iden tity of their kinsman . T s h C N 1 1 111 0 AN mc n 1 i n R ev. . am in i n all m n . ll c de t y e t o ed by the J G C pbe .

A li l s u of TOTR ONALD far m us and cl se tt e to the o th ho e, o to

eas of th e r oa in a l e l s ac e u n an emin n e ar e two the t d, ve p po e c , lar e u r i s n s mar e u n r nan e ma as R mains g p ght to e , k d po the O d c p e

n ir l r m eir r la i si i ns i of Sto e C c e. F o th e t ve po t o t seems evident

a s s n s n r f r m ar of an ir le and a m r th t the e to e eve o ed p t y c c , o e pr obable explanation (agr eeing also with local tr adition) is that

an i n ial - r s The s n they ar e c e t bur ma k . two to es stand n or th

- and s u 46 f e a ar t. a n r is a le s a o th, e t p Th t to the o th g b h ped,

1 cavation ta have tak lace r ’ The ex is s ted to en p before D . Johnson s visit to Coll in 1 773.

1 ' la fl P td m al cs . G n aditimu and op T , p 9.

CHAPTER VI — COLL PRE - REFORMATION CHAPELS AND

BUR IAL - GR OUNDS

DR . R EE ES in his e ellen m n ra u n th e an ien V , xc t o og ph po c t 1 l sias ical r emains of ir ee rie numera s el en ha els ecc e t T , b fly e te ev C p as a in f r mer l e is in ll and unna is lis h v g o y x ted Co G . Th t the

r s n r i er has a m er if su in an s p e e t w t tte pted to v y, cceed g, th k to mu l al aid e in ins an es s of ac les ch oc , exc pt two t c , tho e C (No . and r i tl ui Ix fir i i i fi A n ch . of the s of t is s ni an (No . t wh ch g c t to

n a Dr . R e es r in 1 85 4 th e f un a i ns of a a el ote th t e v w ote , o d t o ch p

’ nd h e ra s of a m r r e ll i i l us asil a t t ce ce ete y a sti v s b e. Th e y do an i n si es isa ar sin e nei r r a i i n nor s r a i n c e t t d ppe , c the by t d t o ob e v t o l coul d any definite trace b e foun d at Cao es.

’

For n ni n of r f r n e Dr . Re e s num ra i n is r co ve e ce e e e c , ve e t o he e

ir s m n i n is islan of UNNA wi th e r mains of F t e t o ed the d G , th e

l n r w as lusi l h - a chape a d cemete y . It exc ve y t e burial place of 1 f ll ’ the MacNeills o Co .

Th e ur is s ill is in l ra a le a r na ill ch ch t d t ct y t ce b bove Po t C e, n ar s u - as r n r of unn a and th e es lan in - la e e the o th e t co e G , b t d g p c 1 ur l o Ar chaol o Octo er 1 854 . 243 and 244. Th e ll station are Ulster Jo n a f gy, b , pp Co s n ri ed from th e ersonal o ser vation of Dr . Reeves as was the case in Tiree th e list ot desc b p b ( ), ’ " iven him Mr Lachlann Mac uarrie th e Du e f ll - cer in e in . Ar s round ofli M be g g by Q , k o gy g 1 M eil l a ear to be an err or for Mac an no dou t ca m co i acN pp s , b used by so e nfus on ’ with MacNeil s Ba alread mentioned as at the est end of Gunna y, y w . — COLL PRE- REFORMATION CHAPELS 49

in a isl and. n rass sl e alf w a u fr m th t Upo the g y op , h y p o the

ar ur is a o s r in i ntl th e a el - ll h bo , go d p g, ev de y ch p we .

At CAOLEs O si unna th e f un a i n of a a l , ppo te to G , o d t o ch pe

’ and the ra f r ar e s ill isi l t ces o a cemete y t v b e .

is si e as alr a s a e oul not n ow r min unl ss Th t , e dy t t d, c d be dete ed, e it w as imm ia l n r of r an uine r are ed te y to the o th Po t D , whe e

remains of s me ara r l and es uil in the o ch cte ess east w t b d g.

At CnosSAPOL l se far m us and e een it an d , c o to the ho e b tw

sh r is a ur ar one of th e s ill use for ur ial s in the o e, ch chy d, two t d b ll th l h e s n in at il l unai . is is se t e sea and Co , eco d be g K g Th c o to , in at its s u si e r a e ar is r a uall diminis in deed o th d the g v y d g d y h g, ’ as h r s w r in Dr . Re s a t e l i a . A un ock be ow g ve y cco d g to eve cco t,

f un a i ns of the a l er s n si ar s a o the o d t o ch pe w e to be ee xty ye g , but now no rac can be ser r a l on a un of the t e ob ved, p ob b y cco t very un even surface ofthe bur ying- gr oun d and the str ong gr owth 1 of r a e An r ri er in 1 86 1 a r s a no rac s of he b g . othe w t g ee th t t e the

ha l en r main but s a s of s af of a s ul ur c pe th e ed, pe k the h t c pt ed

’ r ss of r ea eau hi e er w as not be f un in c o g t b ty, w ch, how v , to o d

1 896 - 99 fmedimval sla - s n s ofth e na nl w r . O b to e Io type , o y two e e

s r one of m mu fac an d the er s ul ur i ob e ved, the ch de ed, oth c pt ed w th a - an s r floriated rnam n t and fi ur s of animals two h ded wo d, o e , g e .

. At Breacacha w as a a l i its em r all ch pe , w th c ete y, c ed 1 AE DNEIsH ; but about eight year s ago the tenant r emoved the r uins for uil in ur s s and ut th e isus eme r un er b d g p po e , p d ed c te y d

’ m ir l r r h illa . is s a m n see s n t e a l t ge Th t te e t e t e y co ect, ch pe

1 Muir in his Char acter istics o Old CImr ch Ar chitectur e eta . 1 5 1 . , f , , p 1 That is, ca. 1 846 . — COLIr PRE - REFORMATION CHAPELS

pr obably having stood about a -mil e south- west fr om the old

as l of Br eacacha imm dia el to th e s ut of th e m d r n C t e , e t y o h o e

’ s uar e r e i n n w n as MacL au l his i q e ct o k o ean s M so eum . T s within

alf a mil of a small ba n am r Acir Ard - innis wi u h e y ed Po t , tho t

u i n i al i Ar dn i h do bt de t c w th e s .

At Br eachachadh als on as si of far m all o, the e t de the c ed

ABACH is r uin of a a el i a ur ial r un i w F , the ch p w th b g o d, wh ch as

used i in m m r of s m old e l no li w in . r w th the e o y o e p op e v g He e,

’

as usual D r . R e s inf r ma i n is s ri l a ur a e alt u at , eve o t o t ct y cc t , ho gh

r s n da si of a l a ear s as su the p e e t y the te the ch pe pp , ch, to be

r forgotten by the natives. Upon the r ough p omontor y of Ceann 1 Fasac hd a u a uar r of a mile s fr m Trai h Ghortain , bo t q te we t o g ,

’ an d at a s m a r a er dis an e n r of ar n a Bhr ai he ar e o ewh t g e t t c o th C g ,

r mains of a r e an ul ar n l sur e di i e an as and the e ct g e c o , v d d by e t

wall hr u its n r . i in s u ern alf i west t o gh ce t e W th the o th h , w th

alls now a u 3 f e hi ar e th e ruins of the a l r un w bo t e t gh, ch pe , o ded

ri r l as but s uar on s and in r i r exte o y to the e t, q e the we t, the te o

A uri us fea ur is an 8- f i aus a squar ed thr oughout. c o t e oot w de c ew y

in fr m ha l in th e n r rn alf of n l sure lead g o the c pe to o the h the e c o ,

ut ar ur v i an d ther e expandin g in an o w d c e at both s des.

At Cla ach in the mi le of islan er w as a ha l pp , dd the d, th e c pe ’ ’ - s mu r f r CL ABH AOH n in r un . i s an d bur y g g o d Th t e e to , betwee

1 ’ llin u on e r ce ma It is Gaelic for desolateness. Fasachd is th e spe g p th O dnan p . ’ Fatach similarly means a d eser t 1 ’ 1 m h ve to enneth as Kil chainie is This chapel would see to a been dedicated St. K , .

ma in ri ins: Par ochial a vol. ii. ar t L close to th e shore a out marked upon a p O g ( p ), b

farth er to th e north .

52 COLL—PRE - REFORMATION CHAPELS

and hell are now a s n the la er a en it is sai a far m b e t, tt t k , d, by

s r an at mi ni as a ie e of ra a th e us at e v t d ght, p c b v do, to ho e

allana er it w as after ar s us summ n th e la ur er s G ch, wh e w d ed to o bo

home to dinn er " This w as a bur ial - place of the MacLeans

in l usi el so a r in r a i i n —and r ainl all deed exc v y , cco d g to t d t o ce t y the older stones which bear either ar ms or in scr iptions have

l T r fl l belonged to that c an . he e ar e nine or ten lar ge at s abs

i hin r a ar at l as one of m ein of s w t the g vey d, e t the b g the We t

i h n or na e H g l a d Io typ .

TL E l a l and At AR IN 0 1 03 on . . of is an w as a , the S the d, ch pe

m r is la e is unmar u n six- in r nan ce ete y. Th p c ked po the ch O d ce 1 ur ve u Ar intluichd is l call n n and in out S y, tho gh o y k ow po ted

Fi kar full a mil s u of Ar in ur u al - un n ar s a . ri r e y, y e o th go No b g o d

is r r m mber e but n ar l a mil s u of Fiskar u n the e e e d ; e y e o th y , po the point immediately to the n or th of a large shall ow bay

all r an Eathair ar e r mains of a ause a or of c ed Po t , the e c w y (

l s s in - s on s l a in out a smal l r lat au c o e tepp g t e ) e d g to ocky p e ,

r has n s m uildin not im r a l th e missin whe e bee o e b g, p ob b y g

l r e a n num r us r fts n Fisk r nd chape . The h ve bee e o c o betwee a y a

Por t an Eathair .

llan w as E E . of Ga a a a l an d r At I BR ID . m . K L , S ch, ch pe ce ete y

i a misl ad in es r i i n of il r i i is a u two Th s is e g d c pt o K b de , wh ch bo t

mil u - of Arina ur l s A a and near he es so th west go , c o e to ch , t east

r si e s r fr m allana in is an n at l o oppo t ho e o G ch, be g d t t the ce east

is ur in - r un four miles due south. Th b y g g o d is about a quar ter

of a mil s u of r s n il r i far m us b ut l s e o th the p e e t K b de ho e, c o e

1 ’ The shielin of th hollo g e w. — COLL PR E- REFOR MATION CHAPELS 53

th e st of si e of a f r m r i fl nd ra h er to we the t o e one. It s at a t s a ious of s m a ir ul ar s a e and has n s ral imes p c , o ewh t c c h p , bee eve t un r illa e r mains of its en l sin all s ill s but r de t g ; e c o g w t how, the e

ra ti all n o r a es of p c c y t c the chapel .

’

At G r eamsar w as a a el an d me r alle BEAR BIGR EIN . y ch p ce te y, c d

At Totamor e n ar th e s si e of ll a u 500 ar ds n r , e we t d Co , bo t y o th of G r imisary and just above th e nor th - east edge of an extensive meadow kn own as Machair Mor (half w ay between Loch nan

Cinn each an and Ba is a lar e ir r e ul ar —an d s m Hogh y) , g g yet o e 1 r — l i ar what ectangular enc osur e which s this Bear rigr ein . Ne its n r - s m er are th e uins of a o a and hin it o th we t co r c tt ge, be d w as r a e ar i r a in e n un er ul i a i n the g v y d , wh ch howeve , h v g b e d c t v t o for man ar s s n o is in ti r a s a r few y ye , hows d t c ve t ce , except ve y bones which may be human .

Ther e is also said to have been a bur ial - gr ound to the west of R nar ar s n r en d of ll but ofo his n o Loch o d , tow d the o th Co , t

ul n tr ace co d be see .

u 300 ar ds as fr m th e missi n - us u on Abo t y e t o o ho e , p the

i si e of Eathar n a ust er e s r am en rs oppos te d Loch , j wh the t e te t e sea- l is a ra n - r m un i seems h och, b cke cove ed o d, wh ch to be an i n i of m s r i i n al u its r is ar a r anc e t s te so e de c pt o , tho gh p ec e ch cte

rmin mm i l s u of has n ot been satisfactorily dete ed. I ed ate y o th

his m un u n flat r un l s m u of th e t o d, po the g o d c o e to the o th

1 h i formerl b a MacLean o t. an o e ed In th e island of Boreray (ofi Nor t U s , d y p ss ss y f ‘ ’ ‘ ’ ine the translation ein a lace facin the sun ver Coll ) is another Barradh gre ; b g p g , y — 54 COLL PRE - R EFORMATION CHAPELS

urn ar e r mains of s ral r an ular uil in s all f rm b , the e eve ect g b d g , o ed of massiv s n s r mu lar er an ar e s n in an e to e , ve y ch g th to be ee y other of the r emains in Coll. One of these er ections stands a u as an d es and an t r om s of r al l u l ks bo t e t w t, o he , c po ed e y h ge b oc

in r i r 1 2 f of s n n r an d s u i an o 5 1 e . to e, o th o th, w th te o f by e t It is j ust possible that one of these may have been ch a l as n o r mains of an ro- R f rma i n la e of r s i pe , e y p e o t o p c wo h p ar e n wn lse r i in at l as mil s fi'om Ar in a ur k o e whe e w th e t two e go , the por t and onl y existing village ofCol].

56 COLL—ITS CLAN HISTORY r eceived additions in th e w ay of outer buildings at evidently two

l Br cacha astl distinct later per iods . This o d ea C e has been disused sin a u th e ear 1 750 w h en m r n as l w as er e e a ce bo t y , the ode c t e ct d

un r and fift ar s th e n r and it w as in is lat er h d ed y y d to o th , th t

i n as n r aine th i r es dence that Dr . Johnso w e te t d by e la rd of Coll in

u umn of 1 3 the a t 77 .

G rishi ol use r e Dr . n s n als s en one ni is p Ho , whe Joh o o p t ght,

l s th e es s r of islan an d its ns r u i n an d s le c o e to w t ho e the d, co t ct o ty appear to give it a date of about th e latter half of the seventeenth

h m nr is s ill l er a l m le e i th x en ur . T e as e e ce c t y o y t to b y co p t , w th p

i n a th e s u - es rn r is n ow in a an r us n i i n t o th t o th w t co e d ge o co d t o , having had many of its stones pulled out n ear the base compar a

v n l in s r it is sai for ol en r ur is n ti el r e e a as e. ot a y c t y , e ch, d, g d t e It lar use ein a sim l e l on of s ri s i a i s and ge ho , b g p ob g two to e w th tt c , the timbers which form th e lin tels of th e win dows an d inter ior door ways ar e m ost plainl y made fr om wr eckage. Accor ding to cr edibl e tr adition ther e seems however to — — have been an ear lier dwell ing pr obably for tified upon or near 1 same site r e e Fionn a hal i of ac lan Br onn ach the , e ct d by g (w dow L h ,

i f f MacLean an d au er of i se en e o lliam MacL eod of v th ch , d ght W

ar r is aflaer h er s n mar r ia e i G ill eonan Mac Neil of arr a H ) , eco d g , w th B .

h er fir s us an a l an Br onnach sh e had s ns one By t h b d, L ch , two o , of m n ar a ar en l r n a u 1 450 eman e an who , Joh G bh, pp t y bo bo t , d d d in r i an e fr om the or of sles and r e i e h e isl f he t c L d the I , ce v d t and o

ll in i i n lan s in ul l n ar Co add t o to d M . Joh G bh thus became the

1 He was alive in 1 463 and Fionna hal was his second wife. Lachlan Oi on , g g, ly son by i hth chief of l M t a r a ucceeded as e C an acLean. his firs m r i ge, s g

58 COLL—ITS CLAN HISTORY

r rea . mm ia el aft r ar s er th e Mac Leans et ted I ed t y e w d , howev , , feelin g ashamed of making no effor t to r ecover their own

r r summ ne fr s ura and urne s ar l es p ope ty, o d e h co ge t d h p y to the w t

r u a nar r ass in th e r o s i is s ill oin e out il th o gh ow p ck wh ch t p t d , wh e

MacNeil f ll e em n r ar s an d MacLeans is o ow d th o thw d , the by th

ur min u n G rishi ol us r a l seiz it in its deto co g po p Ho e, we e b e to e

r i a u at un defended state . Other accounts desc be to gh fight

G rishi ol u n is asi n and i e ail s of a an - - an p po th occ o , g ve d t h d to h d

’ combat between on e of John Gar bh s suppor ters (a Campbell) and

’ MacNeil s - ser an in the ur s of i am ll body v t, co e wh ch , C pbe , to a i a str ma e a i an i l a a ar ds or si e a s and vo d oke, d g g t c e p b ckw ( d w y ) upwar ds acr oss the str eam near th e m in e of the pr esen t old

i hi ol man i n - s - h e a s ein s ill s n G r s p s o hou e t e x ct pot b g t how . It is added that MacLean and his company wer e har d pr essed and

dr i n th e ea er e ma in a. s an r ir ve to b ch , wh , k g t d, they d ove the

n n s n th e s r an d r in a small ba us oppo e t dow ho e, the e, y j t to the n r of G r ishi ol in sle G illeonan MacNeil i man of o th p po t, w w th y

f ll r his o owe s. Accor ding to this chr onology the fight at G r iship ol must

a e a n la e ween a u 1 470 and 1 480 but rea s h v t ke p ce b t bo t , the g te t difficul ties ar e foun d in th e en deavour to make histor y and trad i

i n a r an a em i is er a s futil e en hil ad mi t o g ee, tt pt wh ch p h p e, v w e t tin g that local tr adition usually holds a certain substratum of

is r te his r d to d to y. An other stor y tells of a similar encounter between th e Mac Leans and th e MacNeils upon th e beach opposite Eil ean Or nsay in as of oll and as has al r a en m n i n the the e t C , , e dy be e t o ed, COLL—ITS CLAN HISTORY 59

MacNeils seem to have also sustain ed a sever e defeat on th e islan of unna d G .

a tl at Sr uthan nan ann n ar Totr onald is sai The b t e Ce , e , d to have been fought in 1 596 between Sir Lachlan Mor (four teenth ‘ i f of MacLean ll imm and a lan si MacLean of ch e ) L ch , xth Co , e

’ dia el u n th e la r 8 a ainmen of his ma r i en th e t y po tte tt t jo ty, wh in r l rs er efea e i r a slau er al u s r l te ope w e d t d w th g e t ght , tho gh ho t y afier wards u n th e lan in of a lar er f r i r w as , po d g g o ce, the v cto y

It is worthy of note that in the Ac ts of Par liament of Scot land 1 587 in a lis of lan disl or dis and aill i s of lan is , , t b e d

’ uh air br okin men h as duelt an d r esentlie duellis is in lu q p , c ded

’ th e air of ll so a i ems nei r im ssi l nor L d Co , th t t se the po b e impr obable that some of the mor e r emote Dun s may have been inhabited by these outlaws of only thr ee hundr ed years ago. It w as n ot indeed un til th e year 1 609 thr ough The Band and Statutes of Icolmkill that the autocr atic clan system began to be finally br oken down and th e author ity of th e King of Scotland nominally established in th e Hebr ides ; although up to the year s 1 645 - 1 647 pr actically the whole population of Coll an d Tir ee is descr ibed as being in actuall l ’ r ebe lioun .

In a r epor t drawn up sometime between th e year s 1 577 an d 1 595 (pr obably about 1 590) Coll is said to be very fertile alsw eill

1 ’ MacLean s Histo M 1 25 285 . r y of tin Clan acLean, pp. , ‘ ee note as ’ r xv S to The Band and Statutes of Icolmkill in Chapte . 60 COLL —ITS CLAN HISTORY of com e as of all kin of ca ll air is sum li l ir in d te . Th tt e b k ’ 1 dis i hin i Il ir r i all t er sa e. woo w t the d B ch, togethe w th o h

is now en ir l a s n if a few small r s at t e y b e t, t ee Br eacacha Gar dens and some scr ubby under gr ow th upon one or

small islands l ft ut f two be e o o accoun t.

’ S ene s Celtic Sco tland second edi n vol . . It a ears that Iona contained k , tio , . iii. p 437 pp hi o ’ ‘ ’ ’ t ckets r br ush ood in St. e ss A a » . 205 w Columbas time ( ia aaltibu , Beev d m , p )

— 62 THE TR ESHNISH ISLES CAI RNBUR G

l i h e s r n as le of Ker nab or or Cairnbur i th e r w th t t o g c t g g, wh ch Lo d of rn n iel in ull an d er lan s th e r of th e Lo , whe y d g M oth d to Lo d

sles in 1 354 s i ula n ot i en in in of an I , t p ted to be g v to keep g y of th e race of Clan Finnon Lachlan Lubanach (fifth chief of MacLean ) h ad fr om Don ald of

th e sl es 1 2 ul 1 390 ar er s fir s n e in th e I , th J y , two ch t , the t co v y g

and ns ables i of uar an d er as les and th e custody co t h p D t oth c t , second givin g th e keeper ship of the castles of Ker nabor g an d ’ — Isl eb or i th e small islan s l a and un a etc . Flad da g, w th d ) F od L g , ‘ r r i r r r an d Lunga bein g othe s of the T eshn sh g oup . Hecto Odha

f of MacLean and f ur in ir e es n fr m a lan nin hie ( th c , o th d ct d ce t o L ch Lubanach) commanded th e fleet of th e Lor d of th e Isles at th e

' lan a le of l Ba in 1 482 ofi th e n r end of ull an d c b tt B oody y , o th M , “ r il i f r f i ur in 1 4 h w as ther e taken pr ison e . Unt h s o e t e 93 e w as

1 n to r i ines Par ochial“ vol. 1 1 . . 322 Kiarnabor the B Accordi g O g , p , g, jana or Bjarnar ’ ' r fth e a as. In 1 249 Kiarnabor to ether with thr ee oth er castles m th e He rides was bo g o S g , g, g b , ’ ’ hn in ofthe Isl es und er Kin Haco of Nor wa H aco e Ex dition also h eld by Jo K g , g y ( p e ; see ‘ ’ — ic a as vol . ii. . 260 Bah onar a a an f th e R olle (I cel and S g ), p S g , no The castle o

h mentioned in the Exche uer Rolls vol . i. . 238 anno is su os d to Scraburg q , p ( pp e be

’ - mean respectively notch ed fort in Norse (cf. th e Cambrian fscar f for mountain - pass) and ’ ’ - - mo - fort in Gaelic. Skarfr or or cor rant for t oul d a ain be uall tiv b g, , w g eq y d escrip e. ’ n ts o the Par liament o Scotl and vol. xii. . un er da In Th omso s Ac f f , p 6, d te 1 2th June 1 343,

vid 1 1 ranted to ohn ord of the Isles several of th e He r ides incl udin insulam d o Da . g J (L ) , b , g ’ minutis insulis insulas d e Tir ad et de Colla cum suis minu i ins e Mul e cum suis t a ulin tc. , y , ,

’ i ul is d icta castra ertinentib terris et minutis ns a d p us.

re or 80 G g y, 9 3 . 1 confirmin the charter of 1 R . Ma . Si 495 390 consta ul eg g g , , g b ariam et custodian; orum de Kernabor et Isl ebor unacum minutis Fl oda at un a’ castr g g, L g , etc.

' 4 Dun ruit u on a rock ofi u a will be noticed C p L ng later .

THE TRESHNISH ISLES— CAIR NBURG 6 3

’ r ita l e er of Cam ebur Isl eb or an d t r er cas l s he b e ke p g, g, h ee oth t e

r f l in th e Sud eys ; he ell at F odden in 1 5 1 3. Cair nburg Cas tl e w as evidently besieged by th e r oyal for ces a u he ar 1 505 ar li s r es for his ur se in lu in bo t t ye , w ke to t p po ( c d g ar tiller y an d gun - stan es or ston e bull ets) being dispatched 1 fr m um ar n in 1 504 but a ain s me ten ear s la er o D b to g , o y t ,

1 5 1 3- 1 5 1 4 it w as r e a en a hl an atana MacLean of , t k by L c C ch ’ Duar t. Fr om a passin g r efer en ce in a contr act between the Bishop of th e sl es and MacLean of uar in 1 580 en r isi n w as mad e I D t , wh p ov o for eight men to keep th e for tr ess of Cair nbur g during th e absen ce of th e las t- named upon militar y ser vice under th e Kin g of Scot lan it ul a ear a MacLean h ad u a a e el it d , wo d pp th t p to th t d t h d ’ un er his s e ial ar e if in ee h e did not ma e it his r esi en e. d p c c , d d k d c Even so late as th e r ebellion of 1 71 5 Cair nb ur g w as gar r isoned

- r e or . 1 00 1 01 . G g y, pp

I bid . 1 1 5 . , p 3 ’ Collectama dc Reba: Albanicie . 1 6. In Th omson s A ct: o the Parliament o Scot , p f f — - ference is m u of a d ol . vi. art ii. . 1 67 1 68 ann o r e ade on th e su lication l n , v p pp ( p pp — Hector Mad man of Torloisk to th e facts that Lieutenant- General David Leslie in anno 4 vin otten th e Del vsrance of th e stren h s and h ouses el on in to the Makleans 1 6 7 ha g g y gt b g g ,

intr ust d to th e said Hector th e h ous and stren th of air n l uh Hes th en e g C bo g, q ilk sensyne has h as faithfull ie h esped with threttie men in gar rison upon his own s charges for the vse of

b w th e s ace of ei htene monethes And h t th d f th e pu lict no be p g , t a e sai Hector was or a

lon t me in sommer last bloked u in a maner ithin th e said stren th r Lauchlsne g y p w g be S .

kee in th e said stren th of Carnbol for th e use of the ublict in t m comein Hau p g g g p y s g, e appointed the said Hector To b e Captan and Keeper th eir of and all ow es to him aLieutennent a serjant Tuo corporal a dr ummer and threttie souldioris To be payed accor ding to th e pay ’ ector second acLean of Tor loisk ir of th e kingdome. H ( M ) and S Iachlan MacLean (first

en and of Duart ere fir st cousins Th e eld t son of baronet of Mor v ) w . es the latter was th e ’ h er oic ector Ro killed at the attl e of Inverkeithin in ul 1 65 1 . H y, b g J y 64 THE TRESHN ISH ISLES—CAIRNBUR G

Ma cLeans and was by the , taken and recaptur ed mor e than 1 n e o c .

Of Caim bur s n ar r ull is Cair nbur Be the two g , the e e to M g g,

i in lu es a i r o la eau to th e n r - eas m sur in wh ch c d h gh cky p t o th t, ea g full y two hundr ed yar ds in each dir ection and isolated on all sides

r e i i us liffs ui ina c ssi l e e s u - es by p c p to c , q te c e b exc pt to the o th w t fr m a m ar a i el le el s a e of s me a ual ar ea n e o co p t v y v p c o wh t eq , whe c

en r an e has een a s e slan in a a the t c b by te p t g p thw y. The lower se i n is un e u n th e s u r u r s at seash r e ct o bo d d po o th by o gh ock the o , an d h as een r b eas an d es i alls of b p otected oth to t w t by th ck w ,

i n i l r i n remain wh ch co s derab e po t o s . Within these walls appear s to

a e een on e ir ul ar uil in in a en r al si i n e er i h v b c c b d g c t po t o , tog th w th at l east thr ee other s (per haps of r ectangul ar shape) n ear th e base

lf n n r - er n e th e l a of th e for t itse . Upo the o th west edg of e evted

la au ar e ra es of a dr - s n e all and at is in ur small p te t c y to w , th po t occ fragmen ts of r ude potter y of the Dun type ; whil e all along th e s u ern or n r an e si e er e s ill r emains a dis in al u o th ( e t c ) d th t t ct , tho gh

n o means su s an i l s n an d lime f r ifi a i n a u f ur by b t t a , to e o t c t o bo t o

n l - ol mm i el fee hi ier e at in r als ar r es. a t gh, p c d te v by ow oop h I ed t y a e th e s ee a r a is a i en - mi en n ainin nes bov t p pp o ch k tch dd , co t g bo ,

r ll s n the s u all of with man y limpet an d oyste she . Upo o th w

Cair nbur Be r s a fine iv a ar n l not in i en us g g g ow y , pp e t y d g o , . although th e same is foun d upon th e nor th - east wall of Cair nbur g

Mor and als ur s u n th e r s on as of Flad da. , o occ po ock the e t

Cairn bur g Mor is a lar ger islan d cl ose to th e south - west of

- - Cair nbur Be and has n o low l in r i n . Its n r east and g g, y g po t o o th

1 A v 3 nce clearl to Cairnb Mor . cw Stat. cc ii 42 the refere ein ur N ., ol . v . p . ; b g y g

6 6 THE TR ESHNISH ISLES—FLADDA AND LUNGA

im h r f fr m all f ur si es his upr ight t ber s suppor ting t e oo o o d . T

ellin i es not a ear to en of me iae al a dw g (wh ch do pp be ev d v d te, an d ear s n o si ns of f r ifica i n n sis s of r ms meas ur b g o t t o ) co t two oo , ing in side about 29 feet by 1 5} feet and 1 6 feet 3 inches by

1 5 fee 9 in es r s e i el lar r one at l eas a in had t ch e p ct v y, the ge , t, h v g

u r s r of i some in ws ar e ppe to y, wh ch w do

In th e lar er r m ar e nine an d in th e smaller five ofth e er ical g oo , , v t r sses in th e alls ece w .

Th e main en r an e th e f r h as alr ad een es r i but t c to o t e y b d c bed, far h er eas a e n e i en l er s ea i a uar t t h v bee v d t y two oth , ch w th g d r m a t e fi r an h t h . The r s is r ell ma e d as a flat oo top t ve y w k d, ar e r r u r ll n i r u r a a nar u . se s ch d doo w y, th o gh ow g y The co d de and m r e dificul t f a o o ccess.

Fladda is a ea er - c er islan near l a mil e l n an d h th ov ed d y o g,

ar s its s u end is a l ow - l in r ass is mus i a na ur al tow d o th y g g y th , w th t

ar ur u n i h r of i l e el ar e f un ds h bo po each s de. In t e cent e th s v the o

i ns of a i e ir ular al l i s ms th e m r e si nifi an fr m t o w d c c w , wh ch ee o g c t o th e fact that quite near it ar e six smal l moun ds of tur f and f s n I r w n e . to es. the e as any Dun o Fladda this se ms to be the site

Fladda li s sou of the Cair nb ur s and fur er e to the th two g , th s u ar is un a mu th e lar es of th e Tr esh nish sl es o thw d L g , ch g t I ,

in a mil e an d a alf in l n nl e of an i ui be g h e gth . The o y obj ct t q ty 1 of an im r an e at un a is DUN CR U IT a r u an d y po t c L g , gged

' is la r ofi es s r e so r i i us as be—at o ted ock the w t ho , p ec p to to the

r sen da at l — ir l in a i l n is i r p e t y east en t e y ccess b e. Upo th h gh ock ar e the r mains of alls is in l r ac a le so a a ar fr m e w d t ct y t e b , th t, p t o ‘ 1 Mn ’ ea in Pictish fort nificant g . This is a most pecul iar and even sig name.

THE TR ESHNISH ISLES—LUNGA 67 its name it seems b e a er i a l e D un n i h . e so u e t e , to v t b Wh occ p d, pr obability (if n ot cer tainty) is that th e appr oach w as by mean s

’ of a r a r i e a r oss th e nar r w sl oc or r e i it us ull d wb dg c o , p c p o g y to th e as as is aft r w ar s su es e in nne i n i th e s me e t, e d gg t d co ct o w th o

a ar all el ase of An un an u n in ir wh t p c D po Eil ean Dubh T ee . Such is in deed said al so to have been th e latest attempted mode ofa ss en a man l s his life r u th e r ea in of a mas cce , wh o t th o gh b k g t

er i h e r i r im lf Th r i n ow nan ov wh ch t ed to d ag h se . e ock s te ted

a as ol n of ufin s hi in th e n s in seas n at l as by v t c o y p , w ch ( e t g o e t)

n inuall mar f r ar ds in e a men s in off as e co t y ch o w d t ch t , fly g th y r h i i each th e br in k of t e pr ec p ce.

About thr ee mil es south- west of Lunga is another of th e

— Mor Tr eshn ish r u a u l e islan in ee nsis in of Bac g o p do b d d d, co t g ’ d n its as s ul er Th e u man s Ca an Bac Be . e D tch p g Upo t ho d ,

’ el th e r min en Ca ar e th e r uins of r ee small ir ul ar b ow p o t p , th c c

r — i Bac Mor is a u ha]f a mil e e ections pr obably old sh elings. bo t l n and is now enan e nl i lan a le as hi a o g t t d o y by H gh d c tt , to w ch l ocal sa in r uns a nin e een ill r i e u n is islan but y g th t t w th v po th d, — twenty woul d star ve sur ely a most pr ecise computation " CHAPTER IX

TIREE— GENERAL

1 THE slan of iree li n l mil u - es of ll i I d T es o y two es so th w t Co , w th

a. len of el e mil es an d an a er e r ead of r ee u gth tw v v ag b th th , tho gh th e l a er ar ies e een on e an d six mil es so ir r e ular is th e tt v b tw , g

u lin of i a and e ts s r es . ll and ir ee ar e mu ali e in ar e o t ho Co T ch k ,

uall r lifi in an i n si es of f r ts an d a ls but er eq y p o c c e t t o ch pe , h e the r es m lan e en s an d e er r e ar h ad th e ar i us e b c d , wh th g d be to v o as c s of r a i al n fi ur a i n ener al fer ili th e r esen pe t topog ph c co g t o , g t ty, p t

n di i n of eir an i ui ies or a ual num er f ul a i n co t o th t q t , the ct b p pop t o ,

a. i r i m a ar n dec ded cont ast s ost pp e t .

Th e main r i n of ir ee is ui e flat in er r u e e er po t o T q t , t pt d how v

i n by six distin ct hil ls which l ook al l th e higher in compar so .

r ee of s far th e lar er in ase an d ei ar e Th the e , by g both b h ght,

ar s th e s u en d of th e islan viz. Ben Ben tow d o th d, Hogh,

Ken avara an d Ben nis th e la er of 460 fee ile in th e , Hy h, tt t ; wh

mi l e and n r er n ar s ar e er r ee l er is la e ill s dd o th p t oth th ow o t d h ,

’ —Ben Go Ben Bala h etrish and D un Mor a Ch aolais all of tt, p , , i m ar a el sli ele a i n an d ea r n e a Dun . co p t v y ght v t o , ch c ow d by

i a simil ar ar ea a of 00 11 ir e h as five imes th e W th to th t , T e t

o ul a i n th e e a fi ur es ein 21 92 at th e ensus of 1 901 as p p t o , x ct g b g c ,

1 ’ ‘ ’ Tir in th ol at Ace. an d often et elt T ree. y e d St . , y sp y

70 TIREE— OLD SUR VIVALS

islan s casi n l d ) oc o a sur vivals of th e cr uder and n ow generall y

s le f rms of mes i a lian es ar e s ill be met wi ob o te o do t c pp c t to th, l a though these ar e fast dying out an d may soon be pr actically

n o - i n ex stent .

’ A few s imens of un laz er or r e ans aeli pec g ed pott y ( c gg , G c

cr o an l sel r sem lin th e D un e ar e et to be f un g ) , c o y e b g typ , y o d

globul ar - shaped jar s var ying con sider ably in size ; and in deed th e

,

l - as t local maker of th e smal l ur n lik e cups (Flor a Br own of

Sandai die so r e en l as th e s rin of 1 9 E en wi in g) d c t y p g 8 6 . v th

la e ear s ese small cr a an s ma e of la fr m ale uil t y th gg ( d c y o B ph , n ear th e south end of Tir ee) wer e in r equest for cases of con

sum tive isease th e vessel w as firs ea e u n fir e and p d ; t h t d po the ,

mil ein r a n in it fr m th e cow th e u l - ar m r au t k b g d w to o , do b y w d gh w as admin ister ed to th e patient with an effect which w as

su se be e uliar l en efi ial ppo d to p c y b c .

In 1 89 at leas an - uem s er be seen al u 7 t two h d q w e to , tho gh

i u th e n e essar en fi in s an d na i es of not m r e w tho t c y wood tt g , t v o than middl e age r emember their being in r egular use thr oughout 1 i l n th e s a d.

r e i r at ilm l a a uain The s said to be still upon a. doo K o u g q t l an d ke en ir el m se of an d th e r i er ss sses ock y t y co po d wood , w t po e a m l ma e fr m an er of similar In th e ar n of ode d o oth type. b

n is far m an d in a ual use ar e five r a r uri us en Hy h , ct , the c o wood

l s ea r un nin r u r ee r a s of th e same ma rial bo t , ch g th o gh th b cket te , two of these brackets being upon th e door and th e thir d upon

s a sl ese fas enin s seem b e of ui e r e en th e jam b a ot. Th t g to q t c t

1 h t th e ork of ld tat Aca vol. x . 399 states of Tiree anno 1 794 t a The o S . , . p , ( ) w

th e ue n or hand - mill s 50 women is yearly lost at gr inding by se q r s .

72 TIREE —OLD SUR VIVALS

Between this h ut an d th e shor e (which is quite close to it) a r i e r sses th e la e its s an n sistin of a fin e mill - s ne b dg c o d , p co g to

f iam is s n e w as r u from ll and four eet in d eter . Th to b o ght Co

h l r f in a l es mill Th e u er is n ow for med t e owe o th e two C o . pp in al s on e fr a men t su r in his r id e th e t er two h ve , g ppo t g t b g , o h

’ n of Mr M a acD n l s o a . ser ving as the flagston e in fr o t . o d c tt ge Th e pair pr eviously in use at Caoles (r eplaced by th e above)

er e small r an d ar e n ot now seen . w e , to be

CHAPTER X

T REE — OR AN IE R I DUNS , C NT FO TS

Cu ss A

1 THE Sum - Bacon TYPE

1 1: may be bold to intr oduce a n ew n ame in our descr iption of

the ir e uns but a e s ms ur er w hi is n ot T e D , typ ee to occ h e ch

nl istin fr m r u er ill - r s b ut a ar n l als o y d ct o the d H Fo t , pp e t y o

from the tr ue Br ochs (or so- call ed Pictish Tower s) ofthe n or thern 1 un ies of l an an d of r n e s an d e lan s. co t Scot d, the O k y Sh t d

This class con sists of substan tial cir cular or sub - cir cular dr y ston e er ections enclosin g a centr al space some 35 to 40 feet

in diam er . all i h now n r e s a u six et The w , wh c eve xceed bo t fee in ei has i in its hi n s assa e or r un t h ght, w th t ck es a p g g o d

all er m r or l ess n in u us and ar in fr m 28 36 g y, o e co t o , v y g o to

1 These in th eir dou le wall h ear me resem lan th i h ashels hi h , b s, so b ce to e Ir s C , w c , however are ver much r in a and seem in m ha e n uil t f , y la ger are , so e cases to ve b e b or th e rotection of In d th is at l one x m le of the cash el t e p cattle. Scotlan ere east e a p yp in

lenmore Gl enel this is an irre ular o en l r m ur in ome 20 G , g ; g val c osu e eas g s by 30 yards, ’ and is know n as Na h li for the w - us Bathaic ean, Gae c co ho es) ‘ See also h t r on haracteristics f th and andhill - te of ll and C ap e xv. up C o e Duns S si s Co — 4 IR EE E I - R 7 T DUNS, S M B OCHS

in s i E n the s - r s r e s no r a s of a che w de. ve be t p e e v d how t ce

s air or of u r all ri s e n th e u le alls and er t ppe g e e betw e do b w , th e

a e n of nl on e r In is r for e seem to h ve b e o y sto y . th espect

' the semi- Br och type difler s essentially fr om that of the Br och

r O er al u r is s m a a r ima in it. We p p , tho gh othe w e o ewh t pp ox t g to accordingly hazar d th e suggestion that Class A may form a — link between these two ver y distinct styles of Dun the 1 - Br och an d the simple Rock For t.

f th e f ur l ar l - defined s mi- r s of ir the In each o o c e y e B och T ee , main for t is supplemented by two or mor e separ ate outer

f n i alls a in in w i e r s m l e a man de e s ve w , po t h ch th y e e b good y

r s al u r s se m a e had n o u r s a B och , tho gh othe e to h v o two k wh t

r ur er th e or r er r eser ntain eve . F th , two th ee bett p ved co ,

ir n r al ur t ar r a es of small r un or al w ithin the ce t co y d, t c o d ov

ll s al u it is n ow dificult u e e er or n ot h ese ce , tho gh to j dg wh th t

r u a i may b e the r emain s of a seconda y occ p t on . The pr esent wr iter in clin es to th e belief that they for med par t of the

r i in al lan and is mainl aus of eir s ial if o g p , th y bec e th p ec ( slender ) association with Clas s A (as apar t fr om Class B) and

ta i n an d r e ular si i ns their thor ough adap t o g po t o .

mm n in near th e n r end of ir ee the fir s of is e Co e c g o th T , t th typ

1 t to the Brochs consists in th e massive cir cul ar form with a cl ssa e The sfini y , ear pa g

’ A per usal of Captain Th omas s paper On th e D uns of th e Outer Hebrides (Arche ologia

vol. v. 1 890 su ests that several of the Duns enumerated him in th e on Scotica, , ) gg by L g

r es etween the main walls and et not bein tr ue Br och s ground gall e i b , y g .

IREE— EMI- R C 75 T DUNS, S B O HS is to be foun d upon the cr est of the hill (1 28 feet) n amed after ’ ’ th e f rt DU N Mn A H A OLAI s o C . o ,

r r emain r i ns of s er al n n r i all 8 es e iall He e po t o ev co ce t c w , p c y

r - of t ummi hil e to th e s u s me towa ds the south eas t h e s t ; w o th , o

1 5 ar s n u er r am ar ar e th e f un a i ns of a y d beyo d th e o t p t, o d t o

small is la e r un er e i n nl 9 fee acr oss. o t d o d ct o , o y t The in ter ior of th e main D un measur es about 39 feet in

iam r en l s u le alls 1 2 or 1 3 fe r ot d ete , c o ed by do b w ( et ove b h), of which th e outer is about 6 an d the inn er fully 4 feet in

i kn ess i e i en at se er al in s of a nar r as sa e or th c , w th v d ce, v po t , ow p g

r n l r Th e r f of his l ar l i s g ou d gal e y betw een them . oo t c e y d p

n w ar ds ar s eas assa e i self ein er e 36 dow tow d the t, the p g t b g th in s w i e il e at th e O si or s si e it can be r a che d , wh ppo te we t d t ced on a i r le l an d ma us a e n n in u us r u ut h ghe ve , y th h v bee co t o th o gho

le ir ui or n ear l so as in as of r w ell the who c c t, y , the c e othe mar e uns of his Th e e r nal iam r of th e main k d D t type. xte d ete f r is us s me 60 65 fee an d en m s an r i r all o t th o to t, th co e exte o w

at a istan e of a u 6 fee w i s ill fart er out an r or d c bo t t, th t h othe ( thir d) defen ce at a varying distance extending so far as 1 1 yar ds

on th e s u h er at l as urs s of r lar e s on s o th, w e e t two co e ve y g t e

The sur face of the in ner Dun is completely str ewn w ith large

s nes and if an in r i r constr u i ns e is —n a l ar to , y te o ct o x ted ot b y tow ds

’ on the ma of ni r valua le m Up small p Tiree which accompa es D . Reeves b onograph

alread mentioned in Cha ter VI . the narro ba immediatel to the east of thi for ( y p ) w y y s t, now

’ lace- name could not b e ver ified but it raises th e uestion heth er ossi l Dun M p , q w p b y or a 6 IREE— N E I- R OK 7 T DU S, S M B O S

— i ifi a i the east th e mass of debris gr eatly obscures the r ident c t on .

Al er his has en a massi f r of nsi ra l str en h togeth t be ve o t, co de b e gt — and im r an e and uns Mor and Be —at aul po t c , the two D g V

ar e i hin l ar i . er few r elics w r ser e ese w t c e v ew V y e e ob v d, th

in ein nfin to a few fra m n s of r in lu in a deed b g co ed g e t potte y, c d g

l v . Cr. sin e a r n W e ar in f r me a Re . g p tte ed piece . e o d th t the J 1 Cam ll use di er e and a f un u ns pbe d to g h , th t he o d b tto ’ f a la — e i rls In a fil o e r se ar en ar . b k d c y oth w , e th w e who e d a few hun dr ed yar ds to the west a fin e hammer - ston e w as

i u n ear end of a nar r aus p cked p , the ow c a n or ther ly direction up a steep r ugged ban k south of D un Mor

’ a Chaolais a in rha s n a ur - a n S ibinis , h v g pe p bee ch ch p th betwee g

’ and f rm r ha l of r is a Chaolais a u a mil the o e c pe C o , bo t e

n r si of th e islan at a dis an of r mil s Upo the othe de d, t ce th ee e

and us a e th e r s r the s of aul Ba is j t bov ocky ho e to we t V y , ’ DU N MB A O U m s is in s e imen in ir of th e V L, the o t d t ct p c T ee

s mi- r all th e e r fin e aus of its ar ial e B och type, b tte de d bec e p t excavation some twenty year s ago by th e pr esent Duke ofAr gyll

i f r (then Mar qu s o Lo ne) .

inn er or main f r i its u l n en r i w alls The o t , w th do b e co c t c

28 36 in s a ar and n l sin an ar a a u 35 f in ( to che p t, e c o g e bo t eet

For man ears arish minister of Tiree. He died in e 1 1 y y p Nov mber 89 . — ’ — A stone h orl found in Mr . Cam ell s time if not him h n w pb , by was s ow to us. It

mea ure an inch and three- uarters in diameter an i r - s s q , d s pierced by a quarte inch hol e. Dunan i hean ost d as to otte or 800 N g , p e , p ry wh ls. A name evidently of Norso origin ; whether as Walls in Orkney and Shetland from

8 TIREE— E I - R C 7 DUNS, S M B O HS rampar t which follows the summit of the r ock on t h e west and n r at a r eatl ar in dis an e—44 f n inn r o th, g y v y g t c eet beyo d the e f r to th e n r 26 f to s u and nl 1 2 1 5 f on o t o th , eet the o th, o y to eet

h f ll r l in lar s a e t e s er e th e r s a a u . Wi we t, wh ock b pt y th the ge p c to th e n or th an d asmall er one to th e nor th- west ar e th e foun da

i ns of five or six small r un or al er ecti ns n ow s in as t o o d ov o , how g

ll s of a u 6 8 fee a in e i n l e n ru e u s ho ow bo t by t , h v g v de t y b e d h t , between which and th e main Dun the natur al r ock cr ops out in

fr m mid - u th e massi f r m . ill far er out e n in s ve o St th , xte d g o o th to n or th - east is a four th wall to cover th e appr oach and en cl ose a small ll on s u mar e u n th e r nan ma as we the o th, k d po O d ce p

’ bar uin Mh oir To D . — Not much w as found her e merely br oken hammer ston es

(1 small r un les similar ose alr a n i e in oll o d pebb to th e dy ot c d C , with a ver y littl e potter y (including a few fr agments with r aised

or in n a r ns Hin s and a flat r un sla s n e de ted p tte ), two t , o d ty to

n which may have bee th e cover of a cr aggan . This Dun is

in i of a at Bala h r i with s ght th t p et sh . Th e n ext for t which seems to be of the same general design 1 UN w en MOB a a f is D o u r er o a mil e es fr m th e s u B , q t w t o o th

’ ’ nd of Tr ai h ail a uilin n ts r i m e g B Mh . I uins sh ow that t ust

a e n m s su s an ial in s r u ur er in wi its h v bee o t b t t t ct e, cov g, th

en n ies a r lar e ar ea in is r s min n e in dep de c , ve y g , th e pect co g xt

n Dun na Cleite af r i e te ar s n ed. un ar xte t to , to be w d ot c The bo d y fen e of far m runs ri a r ss n r of th e Dun and c Hogh ght c o the ce t e ,

J 1 Borai e a ears to be merel a corr u tion of the No or Br ch un g pp y p rse Borg ( o ), D Boraige

hi- lin ual being th us a g pleonasm.

EE— N E - R 79 TIR DU S, S MI B OCHS

1 ur f has n mu distur i in r e en ar s th e s ace bee ch bed w th c t ye , the gr eater por tion of its walls having fall en (or been thr own) down the ste ep r ocks towar ds th e sea at th e n or th an d the l ow gr oun d

- r n main Dun has n on to the south west . Th e ent a ce to the bee

n r - eas and is s ill ell efin i lar e s nes r ular l the o th t, t w d ed w th g to eg y i uil in at a s e. It is 4 fee i e an d l 2 feet l n b t e ch d t w d o g, the latter measur ement in cludin g both the outer an d inner walls

ac 5 1 54 in s i e er wi an in r enin (e h to che th ck), tog th th te v g

assa of fr m 30 36 in s in wi w n ese alls. p ge o to che dth, bet ee th w

th e s u - st inn r all a ain s s in th e sam To o th we , the e w g how e

im nsi ns e r i t ri r fac of the u er all at d e o , tog the w th the ex e o e o t w , a is an of 8 fee 3 in h es hi all in 36 in s for d t ce t c , w ch, ow g che the

r un aller lea es 5 fee for u r all and r r es n s g o d g y, v t the o te w , co po d

uflicientl i th e m r er f r i n on si i s y w th o e p ect po t o the oppo te s de . Th e total diameter of th e main Dun is about 65 feet exter n all or 40 f as th e in ri r th e l er ours es of its u r y, eet to te o , ow c o te wall being distin ctly traceable almost contin uously in mor e than

i umf r n i in en r al s a n ur half of ts cir c e e ce . W th the c t p ce at al rock

u r s and ra es ar e f un of f un a i ns of s n u o tc op , t c o d the o d t o to e h ts

lls but n o u i ns could f r me as or ese. ( ce ) , ded ct o be o d to th

n l r r un ar s the s u and a o th e Upo the owe g o d tow d o th, b ve s r on the n r h - s ar e r i ns of an u er r in all ho e o t we t , po t o o t p otect g w ,

hil e n ar n r an e a ana es of D un s m a w , e the e t c , pp g the ee to h ve

t n e n r ar s far er r s a the s r us ex e d d o thw d ov the ock bove ho e, th in lu in i r c d g qu te a la ge space. 1 W e wer e informed that D un Boraige Mor and Dun Boraige Beg were both partially excavated th e resent Duke of Ar ll at th e same time as Dun Mor Vaul ou by p gy , , ab t twenty ” m aso IREE— N SEMI - BROOHS T DU S,

th e as u si n ranc to main f r t ar con To e t, o t de the e t e the o e tinuous tr aces of an exter ior causewayed access two or thr ee feet

i din h 1 n v fr m w l a u t e s 0 e a d ur in in s ut . T is de, e g p p c g o the o h h a r ac has n an e u n si s walls and on pp o h bee fl k d po both de by , the — — n or th between the access and the r ocks by a n umber of s ar a u s s m of m r an ul ar b ut t rs r a l ep te h t , o e the ect g , o he p ob b y cir ular th e l en in in r ll mar nl a c , who e ce te be g ve y we ked. O y little potter y w as to be seen (some with patterns) together with

ammer - s n s and a sin l i of flin also i en - mi en h to e g e p ece t, k tch dd

’ ’ nes in ludin a e r s r n and s lls wi a few r ses bo ( c g d e ho ), he , th ho

ee t th.

D un Borai e Mor is not w i in si ofD un Han ais n g th ght , the ext lar e f r to s u - es but as is aft r ar s n a smaller g o t the o th w t , , e w d oted, inter mediate Dun upon Cnoc Ch ar r astaoin is visible fr om both

ui n ar Dun Borai e Mor i Eas ar s s Dun Borai e Be tw d , q te e g g g,

’ ’ and a ain e n it n r of Tr ai h ail a uilinn g b yo d , to the o th g B Mh ,

n d Dun Beannai l ear l i hin i and after ar s sta s g, both c y w t v ew, w d to be descr ibed . Th e onl y other for t in Tir ee still r ecognisable as distin ctly of 1 hi lass is DUN u man n ar s u - eas rner of th e t s c H , e the o th t co — island and midway between Hynish an d Balaphuil about a mile

ns i u i s an e edin l s r n si i n fr om each tow h p. It occ p e xce g y t o g po t o

ummi of a hi r in l se the s r e and th e upon the s t gh ocky po t c o to ho ,

‘ ’ ’ o rn cater i nif in mountain astures and hence a shielin . old Norse car or m de , s g y g p , g ’ ’ - kne and shader in e is are common sufixes in lace names. Setter in Or y, L w p

82 REE — E - R TI DUNS, S MI B OCHS

D un Biad er does n ot seem to have suffer ed by use as a

uar r al u fr m th e numer us fr eshl fall en s nes q y, tho gh, o o y to — especially to th e south it has evidently been much demolished

i hin thr ough deliberate van dalism in ver y r ecent times. W t

en losur e near th e r wa is on e ell i er endi ular the c , doo y , c , w th p p c

all s so far as s n a u fee 6 in es in iam e er and w ( how ), bo t 7 t ch d t ; ther e ar e tr aces of at l east thr ee other s of appar en tly similar size

n A r li l e er w as f un d o e er wi a d ar a er . ch ct ve y tt pott y o , t g th th

n s i en - mi en r efuse an d small r un e e l s and a bo e (k tch dd ) o d d p bb e , sin l ea in mai D un r a in w as n i ed. n its g e fl t ot c L v g the , doo w y

(nearly 4 feet wide) is just tr aceabl e thr ough th e wall s.

en m s u er efen e and n ar r as sa e i a s ee Th co e the o t d c ow p g , w th t p zig- zag descent to th e west and a wider and mor e gradual one

h i f h ull t e eas . es ar s u n th e er s e o t e ee to t W tw d , po oth d d p g y,

r e se ms a lear e ass r u th e r s n ar and the e to be c d p th o gh ock , e to,

s me ha ar all el wi th e s r n in uin for m r e han a o w t p th ho e, co t g o t

undr e ar s a ar en l r ou l ause a e in th e am r h d y d , pp t y gh y c w y d d pe

la es an d en in e een i r s i ra es of a arr ier p c , d g b tw h gh ock w th t c b

r r al r m Bi r i le o po t ac oss th e r oadway. Fr o Dun ade is plainly vis b

D un na Cleite n ar n is th e eas but un an Ni h ean to e Hy h to t, D g

es at Bal a huil n e n the w t p can ot b see .

f r Mr . an . s r e er s the e is en e of a l al r me ac J S d to x t c oc hy , co d ing to which Fionn (the Ossianic her o) left his gold in this D un 1 H d r ia e .

Al though th e Dun s which have just been descr ibed ar e all that

be r e nise it an is in ness as ein of th e s mi cog d, w h y d t ct , b g e

1 Pr oc. Soc. Anti . vol xvi 461 . q Scot , . . p.

— 84 IREE UN R K- R T D S, OC FO TS of a in na ural ar ur a ar t y t h bo named Por t Sgibinis. The se w d end of this small pr omon tor y is cut off fr om th e lan d by a wall of lar s n s s in is in l in its en re an en r anc ge to e , how g d t ct y c t t e

4 fe in i aft r hi me f all of th e f r et w dth, e w ch co s par t o the w o t

r er als of massi uil Th e s ar si e ere an er p op , o ve b d. eaw d d , wh oth

all has ertainl s is n ow ar r b ut u n is li s one w c y tood, b e ock, po th e

r lar st n mu ve y ge o e ch exceeding a ton in weight.

i e al m s all er uns i h as i en tl n use L k o t the oth D , th s ev d y bee d as a uar r e n u a r e n a e S ill it is a l ar l mar e q y , ve p to ce t d t . t c e y k d si al u n l n in ludin e r ar e. m te r w as s te, tho gh ve g So e pot y to be ee , c g

- - lin attem s and als a f w mmer s nes . An e e wi ness good e p , o e ha to y t

l e een th e n r an an d inn er all of D un a flat to d how, b tw e t ce w the ,

la e had b een f un a e i lar e l es on san and p c o d p v d w th g pebb d, ’ — a s m rams - rn s an d er la er e a ar en l u n th t o e ho pott y y th , pp t y po th e ar of n A r unnin u th e he th a dwelli g. nar r ow causeway g p ’ hill si e as in a n r rl dir e i n ar s r is a d to the e t, o the y ct o tow d C o

’

Ch aolais has alr r Mor a Chaolais. ea en r i un , dy be desc bed un de D l b e n ic is D UN Or TIB U n islan of Soa Next to ot ed , po the d

i is not an isl an at e r em l ow a r near l a mil e s u (wh ch d xt e w te ), y o th of Dun ib f r t mar u n 6 - in h Sg inis . The o t is no ked po the c

r dn an ma n or in e is it r dis in uis a l e u n its O ce p , d ed ve y t g h b po

a ual si a r in n ear s u end of Soa. r are ct te , ocky po t the o th He e man l s s n s u a ar fr m its r adi i n al nam his y oo e to e , tho gh p t o t t o e t

Dun is er unsa isfa r ein mu ruine and r r n v y t cto y, b g ch d ove g ow ,

i Th si an d pr esent n g n o definite traces of human occupation . e te

‘ ‘ ’ 1 ’ r o n son of Ottar was a Ottir was a prope name among the Norsemen. Th rfin , , ’ Nor we iau chiefin the Sudre s c 1 1 50 hane s Cel tic Scotland vol. iii. . g y , c . (S , p — IR EE N R - R 85 T DU S, OCK FO TS

’ is i in ie of Dun Mor a Ch aolais Dun S ibinis Dun w th v w , g , Gott,

Dun an t- Sith ein d i h i l n of Soa— er an Dun Hean s . s a , The d v y r u e ar s th e s u b ut in its n r ern r i n fair l l el gg d tow d o th, o th po t o y ev

—is d u n th e es n r and eas r ais a es e ged po w t, o th, t by ed be ch of water - wor n stones at a considerable el evation above both the n i ur in ur an n i - a r mar e ghbo g s face d th e pr ese t h gh w te k . Upon a r ocky kn oll at th e n or th end of a small r idge kn own as CNoo CR EAGA GH a uar er of a mil es fr m th e r uin e , q t e w t o d

a els at Kir ka ol an d n ar th e n r eas of Ria h ain Ch p p e o th t Loch g ,

er e s ems ha e en an unim r an f r m asurin nl th e to v be po t t o t, e g o y

i r ll i hin r li about 5 yar ds in d amete over both wa s . W t a e s ght m un s but mu of its sur fa e a ear a n e uil a o d , ch c pp s to h ve go to b d lar e urf e a r ss s its s u en d in i er g t dyk th t c o e o th , wh ch (wh e the s il is r en ar e be f un small i s of old er o b ok ) to o d b t pott y .

ur r it is not sur risin find no s n es in situ sin th e F the , p g to to , ce natur al r ock outcr oppin g in th e vicinity has also been quar ried l n

r r nt timss il e am n th e r is in one su lace r e ve y ece , wh o g deb ch p we i observed lar ge unglazed potsher ds. Th s site is within view of ’ Dun an t - Sith ein Dun Bala h etr ish Dun an d Dun Mor a , p , Gott,

l f D un Mor ul . Chaolais as r a s a s o a l se th e l , pe h p o V C o to och, in an r old urf all ar e ki en - mi n as es and er othe t w , tch dde h pott y ,

is r is i pr obably fr om th D un . Potte y sa d also to occur at an ‘ - a h island rock in Loch Bi g ain .

’ In Blseu s Atlas of 1 662 a place- name W eill occurs midway between the site of th e

mentioned in old charters, but its position coul d not now be locally identified The copy of An ancient Parochial Map of Scotland reproduced in O1W Par och ial “ places Wyle — R EE R - R TI DUNS , OCK FO TS

n a small r in at r nan Caor ach on th e s u Upo ocky po t Po t , o th

s r e of Ba some 300 ar ds eas fr m th e an se an d ho Gott y , y t o M

ie i in lob e of hi un ar all r sses ch fly w th the g , w ch the bo d y w c o

r u it i D N GMT Th e sur fa e is of un r n r f and th o gh ) s U . c b oke tu

r k but is Dun r mains fair l ell efine th e n of oc , th e y w d d to exte t some 6 ar s 8 i u an l s s nes u n it se a in y d by w tho t y oo e to po , the h v g

i en l all n e in D un is in a ir line ev d t y go to th e dyke. Gott d ect

’ n r a aol ais an d Dun an t - ith ein between Du Mo Ch S .

e u n s u - eas summi of Ben full alf a N xt, po the o th t t Gott, y h mile n orth- west fr om Scar inish the por t an d chiefvil lage of Tir ee) 1 ‘ ’ is T - HE i s h ill of fair i r ain l DUN AN SIT IN . t e es ( h ock the , ce t y

i s an s alf a mil fr m not the tr ue name) . Th s t d h e o the n ear est s r and has e n a r str n f r as r ar ds its na ur al ho e, b e ve y o g o t eg t

i Th e r emains of it ll ar l l advan tages of posit on . s wa s e c ear y to be

e u n si es of th e hill b ut th e sur fac of th e summi is tr ac d po the d , e t

li l e r u alm s un r en . A er e r t er wi one o t b ok v y tt d potte y, ogeth th

- mmer st n er th e nl r li s f un . is in l n ha o e, w e o y e c o d D t ct y beyo d th e Dun fr om s u ase of ill r uns a s r n all of , the o th b the h , t o g w

n s and w i th e a earan e of a a e a r u it ver y l arge sto e th pp c g t w y th o gh .

i in is u er un ar ar s s u - as ar e s a er e W th th o t bo d y, tow d the o th e t, c tt d

at th e o osite side of th e island cl ose to wh ere Bala hetrish ou ht to a ear If oth pp , p g pp . b uite a ratuitous su osition it maps are correct (perhaps q g pp ), may have been that Th e

ht the island like The Reef et een n Wyle extended rig across , b w Hy ish and Balaph etrish

farth er south. Bays, ’ 1 - ee Fan an t Sith ein ostca. In Iona ar e two mounds known as Sith ean Mo S g , p r ’ ith ean Be th e former ein mentioned in Adamnan s e o St C lm and S g, b g W f . o nbc under ’ e of f-calm An e-10mm Reeves Adamnaa . 21 h r the nam Cali g ( , p 9, w ere the edito notes a

m or Can 1 11 in Pem rok ir Two Mom Angelom i b esh e) . other M in Tiree are

— 88 REE R C - R TI DUNS, O K FO TS

f i fin Ba of nis t o th e s u . his r s ell e in u lin y Hy h o th T o t w d ed o t e, an d upon both its n or th an d south sides th e fir st cour se of th e

u r all of er lar e s nes s ill r emain s in i i n o te w ( v y g to ) t pos t o . The inn r f r ifi a i n s an d ar ran m n s ar e e er m s indis in e o t c t o ge e t how v o t t ct, ha in uar r ie n u the r n v g been much q d eve p to p ese t date . The

n r al lan s ms r imaril nsis of a. main f r r u l ge e p ee to p y co t o t, o gh y cir cul ar and about 50 feet in diameter in cl usive of its two s ar a n n ri alls i i a r ba l in er enin ep te co ce t c w , wh ch (w th p o b y t v g 1 a ur a u 1 1 f r passage ) appear to have me s ed bo t eet ove both . Completely enclosing this main buildin g has been an outer

fen e at a r ea l ar in in r val— a u 8 ard s as a r ul e de c g t y v y g te bo t y , but diminishin g on th e west to little mor e than 2 yar ds

u l ss in con fi ur a i n of si . ar t er out do bt e ow g to the g t o the te F h , but nl fr m s u th e n r - as is s ill an er r am ar o y o the o th to o th e t, t oth p t at a is an of a u 1 0 fe us ivin th e f r a al d t ce bo t et, th g g to o t tot

1 f r dimension of some 90 by 1 0 eet over the outwo ks .

Th e e ri r en r an e s ms ha e n ar s sou xte o t c ee to v bee tow d the th,

il e ha main Dun w as er ha s on n r t - ast—if so wh t t to the p p the o h e ,

n l n l 25 s i it w as appar e t y o y inche w de .

A li le t r w as seen s m i a r aise zi - za tt pot e y to be , o e w th d g g

a er n l se r im b ut hie w i in en e lin s an p tt c o to the , c fly th d t d e y

amm er - s nes r e e i dl r but ns r len iful h to we d c de y poo , bo e we e p t

usuall s li for r a i n of mar r an d i m ( y p t , the ext ct o the ow) w th the

m n - mi n s ll i fr n so e kitche dde he s . W thin view om Du B eauish are

’ D un Mor a Ch aolais D un an t- Sith ein and Dun u n Am , , the po

Barr adh u as als r ba l Dun Ottir . , o p o b y

REE— R - R 89 TI DUNS , OCK FO TS

In conn ection (or at l east in juxtaposition) with D un Beauish

i ue fea ur mm ia el its s u is n e a un . to be ot d q t e I ed t y to o th, separ ated onl y by a nar r ow cr eek about 25 yar ds wide (usually l dr at hi r an al f i e is Eil ean n an G obhar fr m i y ghe th h t d ) , o wh ch , exactly opposite the Dun and n mnin g acr oss th e cr eek dir ectly

ar s it e n s a r uine u l e all or r ea a er 5 ar ds tow d , xte d d do b w b kw t y

i e i r lar s n es in a dis in r ow at ea of its w d , w th ve y ge to t ct ch

s of i th e es ar or ins r e is e er efin e an edge , wh ch w tw d ( ho ) b tt d d th

e ar or s a ar al u ar e l ar l mar and th e astw d ( e w d) tho gh both c e y ked,

i small er n Th e l en th e space between them str ewn w th sto es. gth of is er e i n is s m 20 ar s and er has i en l en th ct o o e y d , th e ev d t y be

a a of 4 or 5 ar s on th e n r or Dun si e. A ain g p y d o th ( ) d g , to th e south west of D un IIt a similar pier - like str uctur e

xt n n ear l - ir s a r ss same i al r ee but in is e e ds y two th d c o the t d c k, th

ase fr m lan ar s Eil an n an G obhar ins ea of vice c o the d tow d e , t d ocr sd l a in an un all e s a e of s m 1 0 ar ds n e th e , e v g w d p c o e y xt i lan ei er of es er i ns can a e een mean for a s d. N th th e ect o h v b t

ier sin e of m a u u on e i e l s ee an d a ar p , c both the b t p d c d d y t p wkw d r s an d it seems r a le a e ar e be e lain as ock , p ob b th t th y to xp ed br eakw aters by means of which a ver y safe har bour for small

a s ul be f r me i hin r ee al u e er bo t wo d o d w t the c k, tho gh wh th of ancien t or later con str uction h ad better be l eft an Open

u i n q est o . — Upon th e west end of the r ocky poin t AMBAR BAD H U at — that par t pr ecipitous though n ot very high n ear th e south- east

1 ’ The i land of th e t m ed of re irre ul r r cks alth u h th s Goa s, chiefly co pos ba g a o , o g ere ar e a few a s a h ve n gr s y p tc hes whic may ha bee occupied . — 90 IREE UN R C - RT T D S, O K FO S

1 e tr mi of ir and s u of nis Ba is u r x e ty T ee o th Hy h y, the o te wall of a Dun which has appar ently (as r egards its main fort)

m asur u f r i e ed abo t ou teen by e ghteen yar ds. Close on the s u at a sli l l r l e el but mmuni a in i the o th, ght y owe v co c t g w th

en r al Dun has n a small anne hil e fur t er to eas c t , bee xe, w h the t,

u ar s u n th e in are ra es of er alls In i o tw d po po t, t c oth w . th s la r dir c i n w e er the r has en so mu uar r i in tte e t o , ho v , ock be ch q ed conn ection with the lighthouse station er ected at Hynish for the s r i e of Sker r vor e a an f un a i n ar e m s in is in e v c y th t y o d t o s o t d t ct. In th e main D un a ver y little potter y w as seen ; a few flin ts an d r ounded pebbles also occur ring both ther e an d in a

r a in the ur f r th e as ine s im ns of a r n b e k t towa ds e t. F pec e p tte ed

er a n f un in f r mer ar s near is f r s iall pott y h ve bee o d o ye th o t, e pec y in m ll - a s a cave above th e shor e to the south east. Fr om the Dun at Am Bar r ad hu (immediately above the

isus r - m in a fiv ar i i l iz e a az e t l as e rs e s v . d ed powd g ) e t othe v b e,

s of Cleite Heanish an t - Sith ein Bal a h etr ish an d Mor tho e , , , p ,

ear l a mil es fr m Am Barr adh u u n a r lar N y e w t o , po ve y ge and s r lei Be l s th e s u s r e of im teep ock (C t g) c o e to o th ho T e, is DU N NA CLEITE i h as n a s r n f r o rin , wh ch bee t o g o t c ve g the whole of a lofty r ugged hill between one and tw o acr es

‘ ’ ‘ ’ or ness is clearl Norse for y point. Hynish was a busy place from 1 836 to 1 844 during the er ection of Skerryvor e light h ouse but since a out t a si nal - statio , b th e year 1 890 it has been abandoned excep as g n. ‘ ’ ' Meanin Fort of the r ks M r b in orse for a rock or clifl. A similar word g oc , e g N , d eit occur s in l not in mmon use bein robabl , Gae ic for an isolated r ock, b ut is co , g p y

— IREE N R - R 91 T DU S , OCK FO TS in far lar am l f extent. It is by the gest ex p e o all the Duns in ll or ir ee the ne in size ein Dun Borai e Mor Co T , xt b g g ,

n and after th at per haps Dun an Gall . The centr al portion

' is too r ocky an d ir r egular to have aflor ded much space for

u ation and in a small rass n ar e in ica i n p , yet e ch g y ook d t o s

ll m il n d of one or mor e separ ate dwe ings. The ain bu di gs an

ief ntr an av n ar ds n r at the en d of ch e ce h e bee tow the o th, a gully about 50 yar ds long which r uns fr om south - east to

- i n d l ei r nor th west between th e two hills Cle t Beg a C t Mo .

ends of is a ar e all a r oss as is als as Both th g p w ed c , o the e t edge of the for t in two separate pl aces on the face of Cleit Beg a ull al u ese f rm a small and not r bove the g y, tho gh th o ve y im r an ar of Dun s in a its a ss s—th e po t t p t the , ee g th t two cce e main one to th e nor th east an d an other to th e south - east ar e en tir ely outside and beyond th e barriers which have

r Cl i cr ossed the ift between the two e te. These entr ances are b dis in tl r a a le but in ac ase so mu r uin as oth t c y t ce b , e h c ch ed

' r f r ri i n scar cely to aflor d matte o desc pt o . The for tifications of Dun na Cleite are visible at many

f u h re of ear this name— leit Ban and ei o r near the east s o Tiree b C g , Cl t Heanish , in ’ d ni h Ba s ivel and tw o others marked sim l A hl Gott an Hy s ys re pect y, p y C eit not far

from Dun Heanish .

to Dun na leite a u f a mile west from the for t u on Am h On the way C , q arts r o p Barrad u an immedia to th e est of H nish farm- h ouse is a stee rock hill ock Cnoc Mor d m w y , p y , ,

D un . If so th e entrance was cer tainl i n which may have been cr owned by a , y by ts orth ern

l n could b e found u on the summit with absolu no slope. Only a few oose sto es p , tely traces of l e findin of a ood b ut much weathered hammer - stone close to its southern wal s. Th g g ( ) base is too meagre a clue to foll ow up . 1 l it M ba l also occu ied but no ver distinct traces coul d be reco nise C e or was pro b y p , y g d . 92 IR EE— UN R K - R T D S , OC FO TS

in s but th e r i n in es r s r a i n is an in n r all po t , po t o b t p e e v t o e w on es si e a u alf- w a u th e il l and imm dia el the w t d , bo t h y p h e t y — above the lar gest flat space which th e for t has con tained a

i l u of h e hief en r an e l tt e so th t c t c .

er e at a na ur al er r a e e n ur f c er ar eas ar e H , t t c b twee two t ov ed , f ur ur s s of s n es s ill in si i n th e u er r ow f rmin o co e to t po t o , pp o g th e lowest of another ser ies of four tiers immediately to the s u ese t w o er la in fra men s a r a in —at on e in o th, th ov pp g g t gg eg t g po t — a al of s en ur s s ui al n a u fe of ei . tot ev co e , eq v e t to bo t 7 et h ght

In or r e la es es iall on ast si e er e i en two th e p c , pec y the e d , w k tch mi ens n ainin n es se er al ear in r an s erse u s s ells dd , co t g bo ( v b g t v c t ) , h , man small r un e l s a flat and e i en l s a s one y o ded p bb e , v d t y h ped t ,

er in l u in ar of a er s all is suffi ien pott y ( c d g p t v y h ow d h, c t to s its f r m i asi n al a er n e fr a men s s me i a how o ) , w th occ o p tt d g t ( o w th

r aise zi - za n ear th e r im as als r en ammer - s nes but not d g g ), o b ok h to ,

one of e la r r all seeme si nifi an is er thes tte e y good . It d g c t to d cov

’ in ese i en - mi ens a u a s re of r ses ee a fac th k tch dd bo t co ho t th, t

which suggests that th e D un - dwell ers may have used hor se 1 i l fr m f ir n or flesh as an ar t c e of diet . Thr ee ag ents o o

me alli or e a sin l n ut an d f ur ar ifi iall s a e ieces of t c , g e , o t c y h p d p

n e n ar l alf an in hi s uar or r un b ut in bo , e y h ch t ck, q ed o ded ,

ei r as r u a in er e als f un in uni ue the c e b o ght to po t w o o d, be g q ’ r rien e of th e un f in ou expe c D s o Coll an d Tir ee.

1 also Dunan Ni h ean in th e same nectio See g con n. ’ 1 nd found here a iece of deer s horn ith a r r udel cut u on it Pm Mr . Sa s p w c oss y p (

l. xvi. . Th e same o ser ver exhi ited to he Scottish Societ in oc. Anti . Scot vo t S q , p b b y

ord and a ver eculiar bronze s i l - h d ed in oth of them found 1 883 a bronze sw y p w ve ea p , b

iree althou h th e articular localit is not named 1 Mvol . xvii. . in T , g p y ( , p

94 IREE— UN R CK- R S T D S, O FO T an d en s in a r ss narr r sloc th e main islan is th , tepp g c o the owe , d r eac u hi th e en r an e f ll a s e r r is of s m hed, p w ch t c o ows t ep ocky e o e

1 5 fee main Dun er i in an n l sur n in t to the . H e , w th e c o e exte d g fr m si si of th e la au and measur in s m 50 o de to de p te , g o e by

60 fe th e n r al Dun i n as a u ar s in ri r et, ce t s show bo t 6 y d te o

iame r a few er lar s n s s ill r mainin u n its d te , v y ge to e t e g po

r su face.

ar r out ards th e s ut - s or s a ar in of F the , tow o h we t e w d po t the islan ar e ra s of on e or small er r i ns u n l er d, t ce two e ect o po ow

r un g o d .

A ser ies of small kitchen - midden s is disclosed for some length u n th e n r e n ainin fr a men s of r a fair po o th edg , co t g g t potte y (

r r i n a ern e man n es an d s ell s an d s me r a p opo t o p tt d), y bo h , o c b

la s e er i n um r us small r un e l es su as a c w , tog th w th e o o d p bb ( ch h ve been pr eviously n oticed) and some hammer - stones r emar kable

nl for z n f rse r o y their r ude shape. About a do e teeth o the ho we e f un in is mi en a ir ums an alr ea ser e at Dun o d th dd , c c t ce dy ob v d na Cl eite an d of not infr uen ur r en e at similar si s in , eq t occ c te

ir Am on th f r mall T ee. gst e potter y wer e fr agm ents o two ve y s

' u s in m le e u sumcient s eir s a e and c p , co p t , tho gh to how th h p — capacity in both r espects closely r esembling th e bowl of a

r n in - l i i n th e a e er f un one mode w e g ass . In add t o to bov w e o d or nu s and r e ie es of me al a ar en l ir n two t , two wo k d p c t ( pp t y o ) als a num er of n es of na a b ut i r an s er se u s o b bo tur al sh pe w th t v c t , and ar ifi ial l s a e n s on e i a le r u its two t c y h p d bo e , w th ho th o gh

hi er end an d th e r s ar ene at th e in as if for a t ck , othe h p d po t,

l nl n in w ser an d r a s th e s r in o . o e as e bo g t o O y fl t ob ved, p h p be t

— 96 IREE N R C - T DU S, O K FORTS

th e san - an w as fur t r d b k. It he added that in the sand close to

’ is n r er n e i our in f r man s un l e f un a n um er of ear s th o th x t, o t c o d, b y a o a m le e ra an of th e a aci of a u a all n arin g , co p t c gg c p ty bo t g o , be g 1 se r al r a s r ee is in a rn u i r i r ve (pe h p th ) d t ct p tte s pon ts exte o . — In a ver y r emote spot a mil e and a hal f d ue west fr om

unan i h ean but n ot in si of it - is DU N EI EAN NA BA D N g , ght L ,

' off e r em in of Ken avar a an d in full ie of its clifls the xt e po t , v w l in n r - s fr m the Dun i f i i . s r ns er in ts ook g o th we t o Th o t, co d g s litar and ra l ss si ua i n is isa in in as r e ar ds its o y t ck e t t o , d ppo t g g

a f r i n e n st te o p eser vat on . I d ed o e is tempted to thin k th at th e Tir ee boys must have made a special point of spen din g their Sun day after n oon s in thr owin g down its w alls—as is ser iously

r in un i r asse ted the cas e ofD H ade .

D un Eilean n a. Ba th e or of the islan of s s o ( F t d the cow ) , t od

u on summi of a lar e ir re ular r hi ef r e the p the t g g ock, w ch, b o

er e i n of a su s an ial ause a ac r ss a ull on its n r had ct o b t t c w y o g y o th ,

eviden tly been an island at high tides. This causeway or solid

r id e ill meas ur e r u hl s ea in a u 5 fee in i b g w , o g y p k g, bo t t w dth,

' 3 fee i th e n r an d 6 fe th e s u r it o t h gh to o th, et to o th whe e j

he island w i lar e s nes in its ase. n e th e en ran t , th g to b The c t ce to

f r at th e nl ac essi l e in fr m lan is r s ee . the o t, o y c b po t o the d, ve y t p

Th main Dun is u n th e flat summi b ut s s n ow m res e po t, how the e t

1 No such good fortune befell th e writer as to find in any Dun even one fairly completc

r a an atterned or un atterned althou h a small un attem ed ot w as seen hich was c gg , p p , g p p w

ut of D un Acha in 0011 and has een mentioned in connection ith that fort. Ver dug o , b w y

’ f these eem to have come fr om the Duns alth ou h one or tw o ar e from purchase, but none o s , g

1 o ever within vie ofDun Hiader . This fort is, h w , w

— REE R C - R 9 TI DUNS, O K FO TS 7 tr ac es offoun dations and a few fr agments of outer wall above the

r ci i us ull n r in i r man of its n p e p to g y to the o th, to wh ch ve y y sto es

a e fall f la h v en . The chie p teau measur es about 1 8 to 20 yar ds in iame er an d s u is a small r s ac w i w i u d t , to the o th e p e h ch tho t

u has als een u i il i l th s u do bt o b occ p ed by bu d n gs. C ose to e o th

es is a se ar a hi r i mar s of s me r i n w t p te gh ock, w th k o e ect o u n it als is r is i l ar ful po o. Th ock n ow onl y access b e by c e

lim in and is n i ea le for a r lu ur ian r of il c b g, ot c b ve y x t g owth w d cel er y.

alf a mil e due n r fr m Eil an na Ba — but u n es H o th o e , po the w t 1 si e of Kenavar a in an d us m l e el i en fr m all th e d Po t, th co p t y h dd o

un s on th e s u and eas of ir ee ein isi l e a ar en l D o th t T , b g v b pp t y fr m n ne e D un Han ais r ee mil es th e n r - is o o exc pt , th to o th,

’ ’

A th e r of th e s r an er s or f r ei n rs. G LL, Fo t t g , o g e This name is un usual and significant in so far as r egards the

cu an s of the f r t al u easil li a l u n r oc p t o , tho gh y exp c b e po the ve y 1 pr obable theor y that th e Gal l may have taken possession of it

r m th e r i inal uil r f o o g b de s. This Dun occupies the summit an d seawar d slope of a lar ge ir r ular ninsula l in a r ima l as an d es it s eer eg pe y g pp ox te y e t w t, w h h

r e i i s ar ds n r an d s u in i la r ir ec i n p c p ce tow both o th o th, wh ch tte d t o

us it faces the still higher cliffs of th e Kenavara headland. Th si ua d th e nl ar ifi ial r e i n now s r a l e in ad i i n t te , o y t c p ot ct o ob e v b ( d t o to four or five courses of wall above th e pr ecipice to the nor th eas near th e s l e in of a ess ar e tw o or r e ours s of t, o po t cc ) th e c e

1 ’ - A re du licatio Km or be n Gaelic for head. p n, Csafm i g 1 The Nor e nl t l s men were commo y so s y ed . 98 IREE— R - R T DUNS , OCK FO TS a ston e r ampar t acr oss the entrance upon the east or landward si er e th e a r a is r a n ar r w n of unc i n de, wh pp o ch ove o eck j t o , additionally guar ded by a natur al gully which has added dis

f n tinctly to the str ength o th e D u . Within this fir st bar rier is a second wall at a distance of about

2 ards r w a s emin a e n r n ar th e n r y , the doo y e g to h v bee ve y e o th

min w main en l sur imm ia el it in e e. no dg Co g to the c o e, ed t y w h

is s n r am ar ar e r a s of one or m r small uil in s th eco d p t t ce o e b d g ,

m r ar r i h f un a i n s of pr obably guar d cha be s. F the n ar e t e o d t o

r or f ur al er i ns u n ot all c m l e e as ir um th ee o ov ect o , tho gh o p t to c c

r n n of se w as so l s to n h r n r e i i fe e ce. O e the c o e the ort e p c p ce that its outer half has entir ely vanished with th e gr ad ual

f e u n whi it t o the r ock at the dge po ch s ood.

ear ese small in ri r uil din s in a er am la N th te o b g , v y d p b ck — — soil th e decayed r emains of animal and vegetable matter were f un w it a few r n ammer - stones s me small r un o d, h b oke h , o o d

l es cer ainl a n it er uman a n a li le pebb t y t ke th h by h ge cy , tt

r s m a rn e er i n es and one or tw o potte y ( o e p tte ed), tog th w th bo ,

- i smal l lum s of me alli or e or sla . But s i en m ens p t c g the e k tch dd ,

in en r al n i i n of eca ar e am n th e r st ow g to the g e co d t o d y, o g poo e i s ecimm s of t eir lass. A n i a l find w as a uar z e is p h c ot ce b e q t t d c, about an in ch and a half in diamaer an d thr ee eighths of an in hi flat on its tw o fa es an d r ed all r un th e e e ch t ck, c wo k o d dg fr m one fa onl — us r sen in th e r n of a lar e o ce y, th p e t g appea a ce g scr a r al u th e ma er ial is er iffer en fr m h a of pe , tho gh t v y d t o t t the

r flin or din a y t type . The r avin e to th e north of D un nan Gall bears the name

REE— R CK- R 99 TI DUNS, O FO TS

’ Sl oc na h U rsainn and n ain s th e r mains of r e or f ur , co t e th e o

s ara r ti ns on e at l as of es ein vi en l ir c ular ep te e ec o , e t th e b g e d t y c and con taining an inn er oval of about 3 by 5 feet ; the others

ma r a s a e n Mau ular but ar e n ot so learl s n . y pe h p h v bee g , c y how Much debr is fr om the D un has fall en over the pr ecipice into this

ull and am n it er f un one amm r - s n a fra men of g y, o g w e o d h e to e, g t

o r and a s r a of m al . p tte y, c p et

A u 300 ar s n r fr m Dun nan all u n an is la d bo t y d o th o G , po o te and alm s ina ssi l r o all e EI EAN U BH is a n e o t cce b e ck c d L D , ot ’ 1 w r h f r mar on r nan e ma as im l An o t y o t ked the O d c p s p y Dun . This cr ow ns th e high islet separ ated fr om th e shor e to th e south — ’ 1 — an d east by nar r ow chasms Sloc a Oheim 4 to 6 or mor e

ar s i i r e r r th e sloc Eil ean u is y d n w dth. Whe bo de ed by D bh

i i n w i i s his Dun w as f un be q uite pr ec p tous. Upo t o v s t t o d to h l ssl ina c ssi l but at th e ir —su ssfull im for ope e y c e b e, th d cce y t ed — th e extr eme ebb of spr ing- tide Eilean Dubh w as no longer islan the sea l ea in ev n a small san ac s w ar d, v g e dy be h to we t d, w il sloc en ofa li e in h e the s wer e passable at the exp se s ght w tt g.

Th e st s si ofth e r ck was lim i li l diflicul t eep we t de o c bed w th tt e y, though a much easier ascen t w as after war ds foun d fr om the n r er n ar as e is a na ur al or ai stair as in o th, wh e, e the b , t ( ded) c e

r m i n r si e th e D un ma a een th e rock. F o th s o th d y h ve b

acc ssi l a in u a u alf ti . is er e b e by w d g , p to bo t h de Th , howev ,

1 ’ ” Th e ull of th door - o G y e p st.

’ 1 ’ Mhic a B ’ The ull ofth e lea evi tl be identified with the Leum hriuthainn G y p, den y to , ' ‘ across which one of th e Brow ns of l ir ee is said to have l eapt backwards when pursued by a ’ wild ox. Rev . G . Cam bell s Clan Traditions and Po ular Tal es . ( . J p p , p REE— R K- R TI DUNS , OC FO TS — must have been so in termitten t an appr oach especially in s r m w ea er and wi a fr e uen sur f— a it seems no idl e to y th , th q t th t specul ation to suggest that the or dinar y en tr an ce has been fr om

’

h e s u er a ra r i e or lan a r ss Sl oc a Ch eim . t o th , ov d wb dg p k c o Indeed ther e seems to have been a doorway in the w all of th e

D un at r eme s u - as ic ul full su stan ia e the ext o th e t, wh h wo d y b t t

his or u an ar ran emen w as e i en l an a s lut t the y. S ch g t v d t y b o e n ecessity in th e case of the compl etely pr ecipitous D un Cr uit

'

alr a s r i e ofl un a on e of th e Tr esh nish sl es. ( e dy de c b d) L g , I The extr eme measur emen ts of this Dun seem to h ave been about 72 by 50 feet at th e widest ; on the south th e wall has

n a u 5 f e i and se er al ur s s s ill s an on bee bo t e t th ck, v co e t t d the

n r si . Th e sur fac e is er r an l er r wn but s s o th de v y k y ov g o , how in dica i ns of alls i in r a l f un a i ns of or t o w w th , p ob b y the o d t o two

h r ee r u e u s. m in i es of r r f un on e of t d h t So e t y p ec potte y we e o d ,

i a n l a r n which s ppar e t y p tte ed. Eilean Dubh is n ot visible fr om Dun nan Gall although so

hin i n ar it but is w i s of Dun Hanais ne th e n r . e to , t ght , xt to o th

earl r mil es th e n r u n R ud a ansis a N y th ee to o th, po h H ,

u in in at n r end of Tr ai h Th odhr asd ail ar e th e j tt g po t the o th g ,

s an r mains of DU N HANAI S. As now s en is Dun c ty e e , th

nsis s of a l ar e an d e i en l ar ifi ial m un s m 4 ar s co t g v d t y t c o d, o e y d

th e sur r un in le el ar s u ar e r i ns above o d g v . Tow d the so th po t o

of dis in all s on si s th e diam er of h e main r i n t ct w both de , et t e ect o

a e n a u f r t seeming to h ve b e bo t 56 eet ove i s r ampar ts. The

n r an a ar s b e u n th e s an u si e an er e t ce ppe to po we t, fl ked o t d by oth i wall at a d stan ce of 2 yar ds. An exter ior ir r egul ar rampar t

— l 02 IREE R C - T DUNS, O K FORTS

Half a mil e n or th- east fr om Cnoc Char rastaoin (and only

' 300 ar ds as of Dun Bor ai e Mor al r a es ri is DUN y e t g , e dy d c bed)

Bow en. BEG hi in si ua i n and on i i n ars , w ch both t t o c d t o be much the same r elation to its mor e massive and char acteristic neighbour an d namesake as does Dun Beg Vaul to D un Mor

Vaul.

Dun s an s u n ui a low r in l s The t d po q te ocky po t, c o e to

and not mu a e th e le el of sea hi sur r un s it ch bov v the , w ch o d

u n all si es c at an is hmus on s u n e at po d ex ept t the o th. I d ed

s rin - i es it mus a en em r ar il an islan b ut for p g t d t h ve be t po y d,

an ar ifi ial ause a of hi er e seeme r ac s. t c c w y, w ch th d to be t e

Imm iat l a e s r e l ose nl a ess is a ed e y bov the ho , c to the o y cc ,

i f h Dun small ell e en l a o t e . w , v d t y th t

’ ’ This for t is quite near th e town ship of Bail a Mhuilinn (pr onoun ced Balavulin and meanin g th e tow n of th e Mill immediately to the south of the wide sandy beac h which bears

’ ’ a — v the same place name Tr aigh Bail a Mhuilinn . It has e idently

’ ufler ed mu fr m his r imi in its nv ni n e for s ch o t p ox ty, ow g to co e e c use as a uar r and u n ea isi w as f un s r n i q y, po ch v t o d t ew w th

an l e lai er dr a n um r of el - iln s als xis in t g d th e to y , be k p k o e t g

in f r an d its u er en r es between th e ma o t o t t an ce . Th e cir cum stan ces will suflicien tly account for th e ver y r uin ous con dition of th e D un —in e a r fter assur us a i in his r ecol , d ed, c o ed th t w th l i n th e all at th e en r an ce was as mu as 20 f hi ect o w t ch eet gh, wher e n ow stand only four or five cour ses with a total height of

i r m ll r i a u 5 f an d a n a e s a n . en fee mus bo t eet, th t v y po t o Tw ty t t

i en l an e a er a i n es iall as is all al u ev d t y be x gg t o , pec y th w ( tho gh IR EE— R C - R 1 03 T DUNS, O K FO TS with some huge stones in its base) does n ot appear to have been

r he u le all s ar e dis in l rac ea l e hi . t as v y t ck To e t, do b w t ct y t b e, their faces about 9 feet apar t ; b ut both walls seem to have been nar r nd e n er e ar s th e s u — r a ual l a ow, a th y co v g tow d o th g d y p pr oachin g each other un til they appear to units into a singl e

e f n r an l D un measur s w all at each sid o the e t ce. The who e e

in i l di l f its n ien about 1 8 yar ds d ameter inc u ng wa ls. O a c t

u i n n r li re f un e a er li le r occ pat o o e cs we to be o d xcept v y tt potte y,

m r - n a few bon es an d one or two ham e sto es.

Mr and Dun Bor i e Be alf In full i of Dun Borai e o a v ew g g g, h a mile n r - as fr m la r u n a r imme ia l a e o th e t o the tte , po ock d te y bov

h e far t er n d f th e san ba ar e th e s an r emains of DU N t h e o dy y, c ty 1 hi f r h ie th e fair l le vel n r al summi NNAIG . as u BE A T s o t occ p d y ce t t,

asur in s me 9 ar ds er its al l s i can s ill be rac . me g o y ov w , wh ch t t ed Th er e appear to have al so been some subsidiary buil dings upon th e l r san - l n r i n at n r - es ards hi a owe d b ow po t o the o th w t, tow w ch fi m short but steep pathway has descended o the D un pr 0 per . Ab ove a small gully on the south side of the r ock ar e kitchen

mi en r emains ur r in s ar sel am n san s il . er e ere dd , occ g p y o g dy o H w f un s ells n s r un e les and a er li l a r n o d h , bo e , o d p bb , v y tt e p tte ed

potter y.

th e n r - as a ain u on th e r s of an er ivisi n To o th e t g , p c e t oth d o

of th e sam hill is a m r is in t i n - mi en l in e ock, o e d t c k tche dd , y g up on the bar e r ock some 1 8 inches below th e pr esent surface

th r f r e is is l s in s i n a in la r of n s of e tu . He d c o ed ect o th ye bo e

an d s ells i a few fr a men s of er and of amm r - s n s h w th g t pott y h e to e ,

1 ’ Pomibly the Dun at the comer . 1 04 REE— UN R C - R TI D S, O K FO TS — but so slender a str atum in par ts only on e or two in ches thick as to suggest that this portion of th e site can only have been

f r occupied o a briefper iod. Th e adjoin in g exten sive and elevated sandban k of Balamhui linn (after w ar d s to b e specially noticed among th e San dhill sites) completely inter cepts all view fr om Dun Beann aig towar ds th e eas in hi ire i n at th e is an e of al m s f ur t, w ch d ct o , d t c o t o 1 ’ miles is the n e f r men i n e —D UN BAL APH ETR ISH , xt o t to be t o d .

is is—or m r e s ri l s ea in w as—u n th e s e w Th o t ct y p k g, po te p est summi of th e hil l of th e same n am e a li le the s u - as t , tt to o th e t of th e moder n far mhouse. Th e D un has cer tainly been both lar an d s r n a ar en l measur in i th e u r s ge t o g, pp t y g, w th o two k , s me 43 35 ar s if it in l u le flat of h o by y d , c ded the who top t e

1 Thi a much ider se aration than is u ual etw een th e T s is w p s b ir ee Duns, and pr obably oth er for ts exist or have existed et een D un Beannai and Dun Bala h etrish alth ou h ( ) b w g p , g

none could he discovered.

' ’ ’ ' 1 f Patr i k In Martin s Descri ion o W Th e for t of th e town o c . p t f the estern I slan ds of

c e on edition 1 1 . 2 0 is said of Tiree or Tir i Th v S otland, s c d , 7 6, p 7 , y, ere are se eral Forts

n r i ic althou h h o n n ear the south end of th l th ei So ob B. Patr (th e o er b g y) s , g s w e is and where

f one of th tw o D un at h e It ma not b e too far - fetch to name o e s Balap trish . y ed note that

t th e name of a son of Kin Brian Boroimh e or Bow of Ir eland who w Tak was g ( ) , as with his fath er at th e attl e of Clontarf in 1 01 4 hen Kin Brian was slain Bur nt N al vol i b w g ( j , . i.

2 Ma 5 t or T w a ot 3 3 nd a . 9 states tha Tad c Tad ei e as n uncomm pp . , , p , , g, g , on ’ i h name ciall in the O Brian famil Furth er more th e aelic form of H h Ir s es e . G u i , p y y , g s

nouns sin ular of the masculine end er and in th e nominative or o ective case e innin g g , bj b g g ’ ’ with a vo el Macl eod and Dewar s Gaelic Dictionar 1 8 3 edition In O Reill ’ w ( y, 9 , p . y s ’ ’ I r ish Dictio ar Tad is iven as Thad a man s name. n y, g g y,

— 1 06 IREE R C - R T DUNS , O K FO TS — This consists of a lar ge and high cir cul ar mound a flattened

n — hi a l ea in ar i r o l l h summi t s s a ar ifi ia . T e co e w ch, t p t, p b b y t c t must have an elevation of 30 feet above the l evel an d measure ful l r i e as mu in su r fi ial iam r n ainin wards y th c ch pe c d ete , co t g to th e south - eas t an inner cir cle (no doubt th e main fort) of 38 fee i all s 5 f i er e ar e m r e an t, w th w eet th ck . Nowh o th th e mer es f un a i ns rac e r ee our ses of t o d t o to be t ed, xcept th c

all u n the of the r at th e s u - as an d one w po top ock o th e t edge , or urses of s ar a e al ls on the s u - es si e two co two ep t w o th w t d , th e outer of these at the base of the moun d and the inn er

u i i Al u about half w ay p ts s de. tho gh so much r uin ed this

Dun has e i en l n of ela r a ns r u i n th e le v d t y bee bo te co t ct o , who sur face of its steep sides bein g str ewn with stones (n one of

m r lar i r r u r f the ve y ge) wh ch p oject th o gh th e tu . A str ong natur al pr otection is given by th e pr ecipitous r ocks to the

n r and as th e la r s in als sli r emains of al ls. o th e t, tte how g o ght w Upon th e nor ther n por tion of th e summit ar e traces of several

mall se ar a uil din s on e of m 2 ar s in diame er . s p te b g , the 1 y d t Only a ver y little potter y (a singl e piece patterned) with some kitchen - midden shell s an d bones and a few r ude hammer

d Dun Be an] is i in i of ston es wer e to be foun . g V w th v ew

’ um n d Dun r a ha l i n r aul An D un at al a Mo C o a s. D u Mo V , S ,

mm ia el th e s ut of is Dun e n it and a I ed t y to o h th , b twee

’ ar s ouse is th e dis in si e of a er small ir cular uil cott h , t ct t v y c b d

in 6 fee er alls but of nl 42 in s in r i r iam e er . g, t ov the w o y che te o d t

A li l far er s u as r un n in as w ar s be een tt e th to the o th e t, g e t d tw na ur al r o s seems b e a ma r a a s me a similar t ck , to de o dw y, o wh t

1 R EE— R C - R 08 TI DUNS, O K FO TS

' of this township being simply the same wor ds in a corr upted f r m m anin ea of ba is in n r e of ir o , e g the h d the y the ce t T ee, n ear ly equidistant between Balaph etr ish Bay on th e n or th and

Tr ai h a on th e s u a u a mil fr m ei r s r e g Bh gh o th, bo t e o the ho ,

his is and is thus the most inl an d of all th e Tir ee Duns. T but a r s im n i sli r emain s of a all u on its poo pec e , w th ght w p summit towar ds the south - west of th e long ir regul ar r idge upon

hic i s d ra i i n i w as th e hief D un w h t too . T d t o states that th s c of islan er the ner al ar m ur w as la and a the d, wh e ge o y p ced, th t it w as demolished about thir ty year s ago for th e sake (as usual) of uildin ma er ial for his s r as its la r b g t dykes. T to y ( to tte por tion) r eceived a curious quasi- confir mation fr om th e fact that a good hammer - ston e was foun d in a wall at the n ear est cr oft

th e n r ill h u r d ar s . as in r an to o th The h ock o tc opp g ock, appe to

n ir l n A f w m ll f r re be e t e y atur al . e s a fragments o potte y we n i e u n Dun an d in a n ei ur in fiel as als ot c d both po the ghbo g d, o

m i - s e en mi n s ells and a bit of s a ir n . i in o k tch dde h , h ped o W th

ie ar e D un nan all Dun Bala h etr ish Dun an t - Sith ein an d v w G , p , ,

Dun on Am Barradh u the .

Two hun dr ed yar ds to th e n orth- west ar e two gr assy mounds

rtainl ar ifi ial and r a l s ul r al—nam Da Sith ean ce y t c p ob b y ep ch ed ,

’ r th f - f o e two air y knolls. O these th e lar ger is about 5 feet

i and 24 fee in diame er th e small r measurin a u h gh t t , e g bo t

3 fee in ei 1 5 in diame r i r f is m le e . e e o s t h ght by te N th the e co p t ,

s il a in n r em fr m o h v g bee oved o both.

ef r lea in l ass it ma m n i ne a er B o e v g C B, y be e t o d th t v y ' ossi l t er e w as a Dun of is ar a r at ll Odh r as air p b y h th ch cte Po g , — TIR EE MAR SH - DUNS 1 09

’ h alf w a a r ss th e as end of Th e R f n au and y c o e t ee , betwee B gh

Bala h etrish u n a r r i e lose th e n r of a lar e p , po ocky dg c to o th g

’ l f rm ur n An Fh aodhail er e has e n a poo o ed by the b . H b e r un r ti n a u 1 0 fee in iam er i w all s nl 2 fee o d e ec o bo t t d et , w th o y t

i r i m fini i e hi . s e s s all be acc e as a e e s t ck Th , how ve , too to ept d d t t .

Th e place - name Cnoc Eibr ig (n ot to be confoun ded with

n I r i or Dun ri at s r e immMiatel th e C oc b g, Ib g), the ho y to

s of au ma in i a e a f r mer Dun or Bor but no we t B gh, y d c t o g,

ul f un i traces co d be o d to just fy mor e special n otice .

’ ' An isle Libr i Mor ofl n r - eas as of ir ee n ar t, g , the o th t co t T , e

r Ban a l s ma r e be an er si al u a Po t , C o e , y p ov to oth te, tho gh ful l amina i n w a f un be im i ex t o s o d to pract cabl e.

Om ss 0

Loan on Mu s s DUNs U PON AR GE om s , L M

In ir er e ha e n f ur f r s of his e all nu T ee th v bee o o t t typ , for tunately (like th e sin gle specimen in Coll of the same class) n w of ui e in rmina s r u ur e i e i n of o q t dete te t ct , w th the exc pt o

D un r i hi is in mu r r es r va i n an an of Ib g, w ch ch bette p e t o th y

in rs. All f ur in e u er a s ha e n the othe o , d ed, o ght p h p to v bee

- l cluded among the semi Br ochs of C ass A.

’ DUN BEG A Cm om s is about a mil e nor th - west fr om Dun

’ Mor a haolais and dis an a u a uar er and alf a mil e C , t t bo t q t h r espectively fr om bay9 upon th e nor th- west an d n or th- east of ir is lar m un a u 35 ar s in iame r T ee . Th ge o d ( bo t y d d te on summi it sl es of 8 a s in a di i n and of the t, w h op y rd d t o , 1 1 0 TIR EE—MARSH - DUNS a p r esent height of at least 1 5 to 20 feet) has been much

r e as a uarr for uil din ur s s no r ul ar alls wo k d q y b g p po e , eg w

in n ow dis in uis a le ile th e s n s and e r is as can be be g t g h b , wh to e d b ( seen wher ever the sur face is br oken ) have evidently been tur ned

v r and shif fr m eir r i in a i i n a h o e ted o th o g l pos t o . The ccess as

n fr m th e as hr u mar in of a. f r mer l c bee o e t , t o gh the g o o h

hi has sur r oun th e Dun and is s ill r a ea le as an w ch ded , t t c b

i n r ri inall a au a i en - mi n l a e a s c se . en es e ev t o , p h p o g y w y K tch dd bo and s ells ar e b e f un al u not len iful so far as h to o d, tho gh p t 1 ul as r tain d. A fair am un of er cur s i co d be ce e o t pott y oc , w th s m a er n s but hief fea ur of his f r w as o e good p tt , the c t e t o t the

r fusi n of ammer - s nes in lu in man lar e an d one p o o h to , c d g y g of s e ial f rm— a of a r u e e e i e i en mar s f p c o th t d w dg , w th v d t k o

use. er e is n o na ur al r at an ar th e l Th t ock y p t, who e mound

in a ar n l ifi be g pp e t y ar t cial . Towards its east edge gr ows in abundan ce a n oticeable plan t

I n ula, H elcniwm or E lecaan anc a r in s me au r i i s , p , cco d g to o tho t e in i n r i ain an f r m i e us d er l el in i me al r u . d g o to B t , o y h d h gh d c ep te

all its r is r e i i nefi ial effe s u n th e l un s Loc y, oot c d ted w th be c ct po g ’ of r s s an d it s ems ui ssi l e a lan ma ha e ho e , e q te po b th t the p t y v

e n ul ti a for its m i in al uali i b e c v ted ed c q t es.

a out three in ches in le h and om hat deca d but ith a distinct ar and l b ngt s ew ye , w b b, presumab y

- a fish spear or harpoon . 3 — Th e same plant occurs upon wall s usually of slackyards and always close to some — promut or former croft ih several l ocalities in Tiree, th ough chiefly towards the south end

There can be li u h ur o el cultivated in these lac of the islan d. ttle do bt t at it was p p s y p es,

a mere ard e c It was o r ved al a s in small uantit and invaria l and is not g n es ape. bse ( w y q y b y

1 1 2 TIREE—MAR SH—DUNS

r ma a e e n an n r an fr m th e as er e The e y h v b e e t ce o e t, wh the m a is sli l r aise b ut in an ase er assur e a o t ght y d, y c we w e d th t

r w as f r mer l a ause a on th e es ar ds al um the e o y c w y w t, (tow the S A cr ofts) although this is n ow untr aceable. djacent in th e la er dir e i n is a lar e l ow - l in ar ea i n l f r mer l tt ct o g y g , ev de t y o y

’ ain l the cas at D un Be a h lais un r w a er as w as c r C ao . de t , e t y e g Both of these for ts ar e in secluded positions without much

r al ie gene v w.

DU N IBRIG of r n an e ma or as l call n n ( the O d c p , , o y k ow ,

’ Dun a Bhaigh) is a mil e south - west of Scar inish an d about half that distan ce n or th fr om th e n ear est shor e at Baugh D un Ibr ig stan ds upon a slight mound sur r oun ded by a marsh

i i w m l in wh ch s said even no to beco e a och winter . It has

lar r i an a r a fr m r d m l been a. ge fo t w th pp o ch o d y an co par ative y

i r un s u b ut r main s nsis of li le m r e h gh g o d to the o th, the e co t tt o than four distin ct con cen tr ic walls (built of l ar ge stones) occupy in a al ar a of full 40 ar s in diame er assumin the g tot e y y d t , g outer en closur e to be symmetrical although it follows th e

hin h r l l m outline of an islan d wit t e mar sh o shal ow och. The ain f r measures a u 1 8 fee a r ss its in r i r and 38 f in o t bo t t c o te o , eet

1 ’ Perha I ri ma be Island Fort from th e Norse. After much cons dera i ps b g y , i t on, ho ver th e r sent writer inclines to th e elief that th e Islebor of ancient c t we , p e b g S o tish char ters is mor e probably to be identified with th e island - fort formerly existing in Loch an f Eil ean and mentioned at th e close o this chapter . If this latter identification be well f un ed it remains to be su ested that Ibri and Eibri ronounced res ectivel Ecbr ich o d , gg g g (p p y ’ and Aybr ich) may be bi- lingual compounds meaning th e west for t (inf - bor g) and th e

- r oc Eib i h n n ted at the end of l B east for t (car bo g). Cn r g as al r eady bee o C ass as the

l i fa f rt and reference is a ain made to it in Cha ter xn . dealin ith andhill possib e s te o o , g p g w S

sites in Tir ee. — TIREE MARSH- DUNS 1 1 3

ter i r iam er is differ n of 20 f e in a c un ex o d et , th e ce e t be g c o ted for by walls measur ing fr om 8 to 1 2 feet acr oss at each side .

es ar e a ar n l u le alls inn er a u 3 3 f e Th e pp e t y do b w , the bo t to } e t

hic il all an e for an in erv nin 30 36 in assa or t k, wh e ow c t e g to ch p ge groun d - galler y would give to Dun Ibr ig the leadin g char acter i i l ll f en r al f r ar e v r st c of C ass A. These wa s o the c t o t howe e so much r uin ed and tur f- gr own that their dimension s coul d n ot be ascer tained with any appr oach to pr ecision for which a

Th e r wa of thor ough excavation would b e n ecessar y. doo y

main uil in is ar s the as and e n at an the b d g tow d e t, b yo d, inter val var ying fr om 2 yar ds on the n orth to 5 yar ds on the s u - st is a thir d all i a ain a our th s m 3 ar s o th we , w , w th g f o e y d

r u En ' all un in u l far the o t. cir cling this fow th w (co t g the do b e wall as two) is still an other outer r ampart beyond a clear space of 8 or 9 ar s es m asur m n s a l in s iall y d , th e e e e t pp y g pec y to the sou r n or i n of th e l f r Th e er i r n r an fr m the p t o who e o t. ext o e t ce, o

s u r uns in a ir lin r u all r u r the o th, d ect e th o gh the th ee o te

w alls n ur nin eas ar ds r a of inn r Dun . , the t g tw to the doo w y the e

i in mi le in er al— a is the nar r s ac of W th the dd t v th t , ow p e a u 3 ar s en th ir an d f ur alls as a v bo t y d betwe e th d o th w , bo e — n oted ar e traces of sever al small cir cular stone huts of fr om

5 8 f in ri r iam r one si ua imm dia el si e to eet te o d ete , t ted e t y oppo t

u r n r a d ar - r m the o te e t n ce an evidently having served as a gu d oo .

Th e in n er f r now n ains r r small en l sur es ea o t co t th ee ve y c o , ch a u 2 fe s uar insi on e of r e ein ar i ul ar l bo t et q e ( de), the th e b g p t c y distinct . These however may be mar ks of a secondary use of

n the Du . TIREE—MARSH - DUNS

Only a single hammer stone w as foun d (occurr ing in a

nei ur in urf e th e eas il er few i en ghbo g t dyk to t) , wh e v y k tch midden bon es or bits of potter y (one fr agmen t patterned) wer e seen ; b ut this is scar cely sur pr isin g as the whole sur face (apar t fr m all s hi ar e als r ass- r n nsists of un o the w , w ch o g g ow ) co

br oken tur f.

Dun r i is l ear l i hin i of Dun an t- Sith ein Ib g c y w t v ew ,

’ D un Bala h etr ish and Dun eann a Bhai h as als r a l p , C g , o p ob b y

f r o othe s.

ar s s u of Tir n He li ol and Bar r a ol Tow d the o th ee, betwee y p p ,

al f a mil as fr m ss ur is a lar r n m un s m h e e t o Mo Ch ch, ge g ee o d o e

20 ar s in diame r its summi a aren l n ot m r e an y d te , t pp t y o th

about 9 feet above the level of the sur r oun ding mar sh. This

’ is n n as ARNAN La w or lit l e r e cair n a nam k ow C , the t g y , e

i has as s r i i e as no s n s n ow r main wh ch ce ed to be de c pt v , to e e

u n it ur f a ss has r a l n fr m li l po s s ace. The cce p ob b y bee o s ght y

n - higher gr ound to the east. I a turfdyke adjoining to the

as r s n a few i n - mi en s lls it a lar e but e t we e ee k tche dd he , w h g

r u - e l in n r i in i de hammer ston y g ea . This s te is v ew of Dun

’ ann a Bhai h Dun Bala h etr ish nd Dun an t - ithein a S . Ce g , p ,

R fer en has alr a e n ma f D un an i a t r H as . 1 e ce e dy b e de ( e , No 7 ,

lass a r r l ma i al D un al u ssi l of h C B) to ve y p ob e t c , tho gh po b y t is

TIREE—ISLAND DUNS

Both to th e n or th an d south of Por t Cam Beg ar e r aised

’ ea s r similar one n i e at D un Be a Chaolais and b che ve y to ot c d g , to other s between that for t an d the island of Fhadamull .

Th e n ext island- site is n ear the cen tr e of th e nor th side of

OCH NA BU AI LE a small l n ow mu r e u e in e n L , och ( ch d c d xte t by d rainage) half a mil e d ue south fr om Ben Gott with its

Dun an t- ithein er e ill exi m i of a aus a S . s s r a ns H t t the e c ew y, a u 1 2 ar ds in len nn e in t is islan it a small bo t y gth, co ct g h d w h

in ar s as and u n is r m n r O osi e th e po t tow d the e t, po th p o o to y, pp t

ause a an d at a is an of er 1 2 ar s ar e th e foun da c w y d t ce oth y d , tions of a cir cular er ection measurin g 8 to 1 0 yar ds over its

alls— no u as is not unusual ls er a su sidiar w do bt, e ewh e , b y

uil din in n ne i n i th e islan - f r of hi dimon b g co ct o w th d o t , w ch the

n r sio s appear to have been about 7 by 8 ya ds. In Loch Bh asap ol (a sheet of water about half a mil e wide in a dir e i n in ilm lua us th e s u of Cor nai e ch ct o ) K o g, j t to o th the g san dhill s ar e isle s mar u n r dn an ma , two t , ked po the O ce p

n Th e EI LEAN M1 1 1 0 CONU ILL and Eil ean Air d na Bratha .

fir st - n am d is f r me of l s s ones ein e i n l ar ifi ial e o d oo e t , b g v de t y t c ,

r tain l si e of an old Dun wi man lar e s on s d ce y the t , th y g t e

a r ar un it e h r emains of in the w te o d . Th r e ar e said to be t e a aus a o ar ds th e n r t - est b ut of is— i u th e c ew y t w o h w , th w tho t

id of a a —n o r r a bo t t aces coul d be foun d n ear the sho e. Two flin ts wer e discover ed in th e low bank on the nearest point to

n r er i a few amm - il a li le the o th, togeth w th h er stones ; wh e, tt

eas on mar in of th e l la a s ne - sin r mu h to the t, the g och, y to ke , c

ea er e but i a is in r w th d w th d t ct g oove r ound its middl e.

TIREE - ISLAND DUNS 1 1 7

The s c n islan l s as s r e ma r li l e o d d, c o e to the e t ho , y ve y ke y

be at l as ar tl a ifi ial an d a als had its Dun . th e t p y r t c , h ve o Bo

- l in are now occupied by shelters for wild fow shoot g. In Loch an Eil ean at Hey]ipol w as for mer ly a castle upon an isl but et r a D un of lass or a f r r ss of m diae al et, wh he C D o t e e v

im n l w i his a l e at on e ri t es ca scar ce y no be dec ded. T c st pe od had its a ess fr m s r a ra rid e an d at an er cc o the ho e by d wb g , oth

s e in - s n es or er a s a aus a but th e le uil by t pp g to p h p c ew y, who b d ing was demolished 1 n 1 748 for the er ection of a mansion which

’ i n w h fa r 3 r esi n e and n n as slan us s o t e cto de c k ow I d Ho e.

r a s at sam im but not la er han th e ar 1 794 Pe h p the e t e, t t ye , ” in er nin s a w as fil l e u i s n s and s il and the t ve g p ce d p w th to e o ,

r an islan but a eninsu a l now th e site is no longe d p l . Bui t D in th e s u al l is a s n ins r i A A 1 748 Ar i al to o th w to e c bed ( ch b d,

’ ’ To uote Beeverell s Les Delia : de la Gr and Br cta m Le den 1 727 vol. vi 1 q g , y , , . p. 45 2, ‘ ’ ll e a nu rt s bo eux d eau ou v as to Time or E po asse n, d Lacs d se a eo une Ils a

ui i ell o du c Mridi n nommé H r l chflcun est ha tée. C La é o al bo est occu ée , q b , y , p par nu ’ etit h tea H rbol is certainl He li ol b ut hich was the other loch i p C A u. y y y p , w w th its in

loch in north of He li ol but th e inha ited of 1 th e only large Tiree y p , b ish nd 727 is rather

’ ‘ ’ Blaeu s Atlas of 1 662 sh ows a castle u on an island Ylen na H r in in ( ) p , y g, Loch Ring ’ hain th ere named Loch Kir kabol and considera l ma nified . U on the sam , , b y g p e map ’ - H rin is mar ed in nish near th e si of Dun na Cleite. h another y g k Hy , te T is last named

- 1 and also of the Bataan in 1 603 Ai ll No. H ome is shown u on 540, ( a , p a map in

i : Par ochiala vol. ii. ar t 1 . Orig ns , p ‘ ’ According to th e Statistical A ccount of 1 794 this castle was similar to that of

in ntal descri tio Th e same auth or it states that Tiree had th upon this cide p n y en 24 lakes, ’ ut 0 acre some of hich mi ht be easil drained. covering abo 60 s, w g y

l tatistical Account vol. x. . 402 See th e origina S , p . 1 1 8 TIREE—ISLAND DUNS

thir d Duke of Ar gyll evidently fr om the str uctur e of that

h e r and nlar a al u t us h as sin n al e e . d te, tho gh ho e ce bee t ed e g d

’ Islebor al r ea n e in nn i n w i nam of g, dy ot d co ect o th the e

Dun r i 28 r r f r i r NO. near au a ea s e to Ib g ( ) B gh, pp to e e e th that for t or to th e an cien t castl e which existed in Loch an

Eil an slan as l ul in a li er al ren erin of e . I d C t e wo d deed be t d g

’ r r r in his H istor o the Wester n H i hla Isl ebo . nds g G ego y, y f g ,

1 26 m nti ns a ca. 1 5 1 9 of Sir nal Galda p . , e o the de th, , Do d ( ) of Lochalsh as having occur r ed at either Cairnb urg or the Inch

’ of Teinlip eil in Tyr ee. — In the whole of Tir ee ther e ar e but few islands even in — - l u in th e mar s f r s D un r i etc . fr m hi s c d g h o t , Ib g, o w ch to choo e, and th e balan ce of evidence for identification with the In ch of — Teinl ipeil seems cer tain ly and with Isleborg very probably

- to lie in favour of the an cien t for t or castle in Loch an

il n Th e n ame Teinli eil is n ow ui e un n n in ir E ea . ee p q t k ow T ,

l of Tem lefield ur s n ar an Eil an a though that p occ e Loch e .

Per haps it is not too far - fetched to suggest that th e In ch of Teinlipeil may have possibly been a corr uption of Innis tighe

’ ’ li ol a Hey p .

l ebor as al r a has een men i ne in a r I II u n Is g ( e dy b t o d Ch pte V . po the Tr eshn ish Isl es) w as coupled with Cairnb urg in a char ter of 1 390 hil e a en ur la r o h of se as l s er , w c t y te b t the c t e , togeth

i er r in th e Sudr e s er u the ear 1 49 in w th oth th ee y , w e p to y 3

r editar ee in of t r ar nin h i f of lan the he y k p g Hec o Odh , t ch e C ’ l ss sse a r a ar f ull n Tir a an o a d . M c e , who po e d g e t p t M ee

also Colloctama dc Reba: Alb See anicis . 324. re or . , p G g y, p 69.

TIR EE —ISLAND DUNS 1 1 9

In our na i nal r r s I selebor h seems fir s m nti n t o eco d , g to be t e o ed in a ar er r an i A r 1 2 un hi a II . at ch t g ted by D v d y , J e w ch in lu es als Kern ob or h an d Dunc n all c d o g h o .

1 ’ Rober tson s I radar o in f fi l lit is an h Charters 1 00. No dication o a s eci c oca ere f , p. p y yw

. 322 this castle a u sti n in p , ppears in 1 354 under th e name of Hystylburch ; a s gge o be g ‘ ad ded in a footnote that it may possibly have been th e old castle whose ruins remain on ’ ’ the isle of Scer na one of th e Treshnish rou 1 th e modern S cir a Chairtcil. Th er e is , g p, ( ) g C H A P T E R X I

TIREE—SITES OF ANCIENT INLAND DWE LLINGS

THE s ial lass of ir ul ar s n e - uts u n s m a ar ificial pec c c c to h , po o ewh t t

n ll s i l in a en a su es e r III . on ll s ems k o , t t t ve y gg t d Ch pte Co , e to a be entir ely absent in Tir ee at le st at th e pr esen t day. A few sites may her e be men tion ed which appear to have been

u i m r n im l i li ar e si ua for occ p ed by o e tha s p e sh e ngs . Th ese t ted the most par t in scatter ed gr oup s near Loch Cnoc Ibr ig and Loch na Buail e i in li l m r e han alf a mil e s u fr m Dun an , w th tt e o t h o th o l t - Sith ein and th e es e am les ur u n the summits of , b t x p occ po r m un ds of n o r ea el a i n i als a n a l e a sen e ocky o g t ev t o , w th o ot b b c f i of any tr aces of ortificat ons.

r a s th e s r u is u n n Ibr i a small r i e Pe h p be t g o p po C oc g, dg immediately to th e south- west of the loch which bear s the same name an d a u alf a mil n r fr m Dun r i hi has , bo t h e o th o Ib g w ch

i r i a r w of r e ir ul ar n l sur alr a n s r e . e e s o e es e dy bee de c b d H th e c c c o , ea s in as a sli m un an d a li le th e as u n ch how g ght o d, tt to e t, po the same Cn oc ar e to be seen traces of two others (one of s m ha r an ular s a e i a r ais a a fr m one o ew t ect g h p ) , w th ed p thw y o to another and continuing n or thwar d to the loch - side which is

1 22 TIREE—ANCIENT DW ELLINGS

b e of m r n r i in an d sus e i l e of s m r a e lana i n . ode o g , c pt b o e e dy xp t o

is s an s eas an d s u n a n ll its eas si ein a Th t d t we t po k o , t de b g massi s r ai - ed e r i als f rms one of all s ve t ght g d ock, wh ch o o the w of th e en r an ce a nar r assa e nl 1 6 in es in i t , ow p g o y ch w dth

d full fe l n Th e ar uil of com an y 3 et o g. other walls e b t

arativel small s nes in eri r measur em n s ein p y to , the t o e t b g

f in l n 4 fe 9 in h s ial 7 eet e gth by et ches. T e pec

r th r n ar r r a cou se e ve y ow doo w y.

1 24 TIR EE —SANDHILL SITES u n si of r a a onsis in at a ar po the oppo te edge the o dw y, c t g th t p t

hi of s lls of lim e s and r i in l s i al as s c efly the he p t pe w k e , w th co he — — thus evidently of moder n or igin an d w e wer e in for med that a

’ cottar s house stood close to th e latter poin t within the past

ar R uai at th e as en d of Ba s m r w as Ne g, e t Gott y, o e potte y f i a amm r - on an d a in l i l un s e s e n . s o d, w th h e t g fl t C o e to the

aml e of aul alf a mil n r - s of Buai and at s h t V , h e o th we t g the we t

n d of Trai h alla in a small a of r en ur f r e g Bh , p tch b ok t we e

amm r s nes and fra men s of er in lu in two h e to g t pott y, c d g two

- i es a er n e . er is a small i en mi n an d n ot far p ec p tt d H e k tch dde ,

er mu lar er one i m fr om it anoth ch g w th potter y and any shell s. Upon th e san d slopes above the beach at the centr e of Van]

Ba is a is in i en - mi n i s ells and near it s m y d t ct k tch dde w th h , o e

flin ts and amm r - s n es i a li tl e r i s s in h e to w th t potte y, two b t how g

sim l a r ns. A ain in a simil ar si i n at alum Ba p e p tte g , po t o S y

imm dia l as of aul r man flin ts an d s m ( e te y to the e t V ) , we e y o e

- r s n well mar ked hamme to es.

l se to s of au at r Eibr i us el n c C o the we t B gh, Po t g, j t b ow C o

Eibr i al r a su s e as a ssi l Dun ate and not g ( e dy gge t d po b e , to be

un e i n r i or D un r i i ar e r s c i l confo d d w th C oc Ib g Ib g, wh ch e pe t ve y

u a mil and alf a mil to n r - as r fra m n s abo t e h e the o th e t), we e g e t of flint and a little potter y.

of f ur e ensi e san ills of ir — a Th e fir st the o xt v dh T ee, e ch

r in an ar a r an in fr m se r al to er man a r es and cove g e g g o ve v y y c ,

fr m th e r emain s seem r i l to be ass ia i which, o , ght y oc ted w th

r u s of an ien llin s —is at COR NAIG a low l in and g o p c t dwe g , , y g TIREE—SANDHILL SITES 1 25

m ar a i l le el r a t l s to th e n r end of co p t ve y v t c , c o e o th Loch

Bhasa ol and in lu in th e en ir e s a —n ar l alf a mil e p , c d g t p ce e y h

n l an d th r On its s si e is r i betwee that och e sho e. we t d C o s or ilm lua th e si e of one of an ien a els aft r ar s K o g, t the c t ch p e w d

n i e r flin ts and n s ar e b e f un er to be ot c d. Potte y , , bo e to o d ov

r A i - almost th e whole a ea. t the n or th is a k tchen midden

’ i rses an d n s a few flin ts an d a r li le w th ho teeth bo e , ve y tt

i a a r a hin Bhasa ol er f un er . pott y M dw y, pp o c g Loch p , w e o d m r e flin ts and r and a lar num r of l e - nes o potte y, ge be g bo

of r s s 8. oun ua fea ur in a man of se la to ho e , o t e be g th t y the y

r in se ar a e ea s. till far er s u er gethe two p t h p S th o th, pott y

me m re l n iful in l u in one i e i a ter n an d beca o p e t , c d g p ec w th p t ,

of a mall u an other which seemed to be par t s c p . An inter est in f a ur e is a lar e m un of as s in su essi e s r a a la g e t g o d he cc v t t , b ck — upon r ed these latter bein g quite fer r ugin ous and evidently

At Com ai nl a f - the r efuse fr om a forge . g o y ew hammer stones — wer e to be seen n one of them to be classed as good specimens

in as also two bon e p s.

assin er for th e mean im er lar san ank of P g ov , t e, the v y ge db

Balamh uilinn n ar l a mil est fr m Cor nai i is full ( e y e w o g), wh ch y noticed in the n ext chapter amon g pr ehistor ic bur ial sites al u als n ainin s er al small i h en - mi ns our n tho gh o co t g ev k tc dde , ext l ali is at I K ENNETH imm e ia el ar un r oc ty K L , d t y o d the uin ed

i in chapel which still exists ther e. W th a shor t radius to the east ofth e chapel ar e a number of kitchen - middens with hear ths and as s s ll s and n es of r se e er i he , he , teeth bo the ho , tog th w th

er n s al u r i in l e and lim s ll s r min oth bo e , tho gh pe w k pet he p edo ate . 1 26 TIREE—SANDHILL SITES

- At his ar flin ts . and ammer s nes ar e e i edl s ar c il t p t h to d c d y c e, wh e

t r u a un an is r ar s and r ar el a er n e pot e y, tho gh b d t, ve y co e y p tt d. One hear th w as obser ved to consist of small pebbles l aid upon mu lar er ese facts ul s m ch g . Th wo d ee to poin t to a com par atively mor e r ecen t occupation of th e sites eastwar d fr om

l enn a l Ki k eth ch pe .

ar s the n r - as er w as es e iall len iful Tow d o th e t, pott y p c y p t , incl uding lar ge fr agmen ts and other s with some elaboration of

a w a of e ur l f i h a s es as a s a ew r ns. On e h pe by y oge c v , o w t p tte .

r i ie e in ar se la e i en l f rm ar of ve y th ck p c , co c y, v d t y o ed p t the

f a lar e r n amen al l pedestal o g o t vesse .

th e r em e n r s m 300 ar s fr m th e a l To ext o th , o e y d o ch pe

n n r th e f n e of far m is a r u of a u ir a d ea e c Hogh , g o p bo t th ty small airns i as s s me i en - mi ens an d mu ar s c w th he , o k tch dd , ch co e

— irn s in vi l i f i r potter y these ca be g e dent y the s tes o anc ent hea ths.

In th e si e or s ut r l ir e i n er is ui e rar oppo t o he y d ct o , pott y q t e except some of a par ticular ly r ude natur e at two large kitchen mi en s — i lim e s ells n es as es an d ammer - s n s dd , w th p t h , bo , h , h to e ,

r f ur un r r s u f h e a el In e thr ee o o h d ed ya d so th o t ch p . de d th e in ter vening gr oun d immediately south of th e latter seems to

a e een use for a an ur ials and n ar th e sea alf h v b d p g b , e , h a mil e es er is the a ear an e of a r e is ri eme er w t, th e pp c p h to c c t y,

i hamm r - st n s and flin ts in s me uan i but er li le w th e o e o q t ty, v y tt

o er — us iffer in en ir el from th e eas ar ar a ter is i s p tt y th d g t y . tw d ch c t c , as is after war ds noticed in con n ection with an cient bur ial sites . Two compl ete jar s have within r ecen t years been discover ed at il en net one of em of th e mes i e al t u K k h, th do t c typ , ho gh the

1 28 TIR EE—SANDHILL SITES

an ills in so far as iffer fr m os in th e un in S dh , they d o th e D s , po t

a r ea r an i ui for th e f r mer e en if it n to g te t q ty o , v be co ceded — as it must that their occupation h as also con tin ued beyon d that

ofth e uns r a l e en so r en 3. a e as a u th e end D , p ob b y v to ec t d t bo t of

r the seven teen th centu y. The special char acter istics to which r e f r en is er e ma ar e fir s the a un an e of in an d se on e ce h de, t, b d c fl t ; c d,

iff r en stam of a r n er i is dis in uis the d e t p p tte ed pott y, wh ch t g hed

its inn r and in a w a ar s r n a ur e an d th e both by th e y co e t , by im l i i f cruden ess and s p c ty o the designs shown . So much is this the case (as has been said in r egar d to Coll ) that without

n in en e a s im en mes it is usuall eas at a lan k ow g wh c pec co , y y g ce a to tell whether it is fr om D un or Sandhill . This r emar k

no a l th e hic un attem ed r mos of does t pp y to t k p potte y, t

r r r f which is ver y simila whe eve ound.

' The last of the four lar ger San dhill gr oups of dwellings in Tiree is above th e shor e of TR AI G H BHEID H E (pr on ounced Tra

imm dia l s of Bal a h uil illa e di an n ot Vee e te y to the we t p v g , st t

il s - eas fr m Balamm ach an d Barr a ol and a u a a m e outh t o p , bo t

- - f all f an hill si es m m l a r i . O ur mile n or th east fr o Te p e P t ck o S d t , i ’ this shows most signs of a compar atively r ecent occupat on.

Next the Balephuil end wer e n oticed four or five kitchen - midden m un s i as es nes ie of fish s ells muss ls o d w th h , bo (ch fly ) , h ( e ,

i in l s and lim ets a li l e er one i a ern and per w k e , p ), tt pott y ( p ece p tt ed) ,

- u in a lar fish mu rr e . s w ar ds some ir on in cl d g ge hook, ch co od d We t — TIREE SANDHILL SITES 1 29

ar a er an es and er e r num er u flin t m f the ch ct ch g , h we e o s s (so e o

’ em scr a er s an d n es ofan imals in l u in rses ee but th p ) bo ( c d g ho t th),

no i en - mi ns or er v r k tch dde pott y . O e th e whole ar ea not one satisfa r ammer - st n e ul be f un al u a few r cto y h o co d o d, tho gh poo

s cimens er s en pe w e e .

As foun d upon th e Sandhill s of Tir ee (but whether to be ass iate i w ellin s or ur ial s ann s a e men i n oc d w th d g b c ot be t t d), t o must her e be made of two r emar kable br onze specimens obtained

in 1 897 r Ar ibal am ell in l a e th e by Lo d ch d C pb , who k d y g v

r wr ite an opportunity of examin ing them . One of these is a most pecul iar pin about thr ee inches in l ength with a semi—s er i al u a ur v on th e but fla l e e t e . ph c fl t d h d, c ed top b ow

Th e s e ial f a ur e e er is a in i self is of r i p c e t , how v , th t the p t hyb d . f r m ein r ound in th e u er alf and s uar e in th e l r o , b g pp h q owe ,

h l u l li min er e a s ar in t e r s e . co g th to h p po t, who e tho o gh y po h d

Th e er is e i en l a n e in - n ee l e of simil ar len oth object v d t y tt g d , gth,

an . l n m r a and a in a in with ob o g ham e ed he d t y hook t the po t.

An al s n e axe r ee and a uar er in s l n i a alf ov to , th q t che o g w th h in le erf r a e r u its en r e h as een f un on Ben ch ho p o t d th o gh c t , b o d

Hyn ish in Tir ee ; as also (l ocality unknow n ) a two - in ch pin of

r nze ir e its a r e in a u a uar r of an in one b o w , he d p oj ct g bo t q te ch to si e at a r i an le his b ond ein str en n and rnamen e d ght g , t b g gthe ed o t d

flat i ul ar is s i n ire ma in us a by two c rc tw t g ve to the w , k g th

I r oop o eye . CHAPTER XIII — TIRE E PREHISTORIC BUR IAL- SITES

OU R. s ne ir l s s ill e is in Tir es an d r e ol of F to c c e t x t , we we t d two

r s f r merl be se n e n Ben an d Bala h etrish othe , o y to e b twee Gott p , but ul fin d n o r ac of ei er s nes of one in e a in co d t e th , the to d ed h v g m been r e oved for building pur poses. The two l ar gest ofthe four r emaining examfl es occur as a pair of ir les l s n r - s of ns i of ss and c c c o e to the o th we t the tow h p Mo , full alfa mil s u - eas fiom far m- us of em y h e o th t Hogh ho e. Both th ar e of nsi er a l ar ea an d of the r e ular e i as co d b e , g typ , wh ch ( r egards Scotlan d at least) has been usual ly found when excavated

r ial of h r of to contain bu s t e b onze age. Onl y a very few the

illar - s nes n ow s an r an d l s s u mos of ese p to t d e ect, c o e to the o th t th

ir l es at n r ofits eas si e is a r dis in m und. two c c , the ce t e t d , ve y t ct o The two other cir cl es ar e upon boggy lan d between Poll Odh r as

air and Ben wi in alf a mile eas of th e firs g Gott , th h to the t t

e ar e mu small er — ac nl u 26 ar s in named. Thes ch e h o y abo t y d

iam er—b ut a ar be r ise of sam e i the d et ppe to othe w the e typ , w th ad di i n a e s in di a i ns of an i n ur i l fir s t o th t th y how c t o c e t b as . The t

n ains in its en r a sli un s a el m un and th e s c n co t c t e ght h p y o d, e o d has in a like position four lar ge ston es ar r anged as if forming two si s of a is al ou of r m b n e a e unusual size. a e d c t, th gh v y It y oted

1 32 TIREE—PREHISTORIC BUR IAL - SITES in er es an d e rtainl r s n r ea s dificulties in t t, th y ce y p e e t the g te t

w a f e l nati n the y o xp a o .

At BALAMH U I LINN a e th e s r an of sam nam e and a , bov t d the e

w i i imm ns r of l n his mile es fr m Cor na s an a san . t o g, e e t ct b ow d T

ers an ar a of m r e an 1 50 a r es n in es ar s cov e o th c , exte d g w tw d to

Dun Beannai and th e s r e ein b un e on the n r small g ho , b g o d d o th by sea- liffs and s10 in s u a le el near th e ur n n ame c , p g o th to v b d

Fr om the loose and shifting natur e of th e sandy surfac e (which in deed seemed to have changed mater ially at each of six or m r su ssi e isits fr m 1 897 to 1 901 it is diflicul t if n ot o e cce v v o ) , impossible to give any accur ate descr iption ofth e an cien t r emains

u th e occ r ring her e an d ther e in this most inter esting site. To nor th ther e has been a wall ed en closur e of irr egul ar ly r ectan gul ar s a its limi s ein lear l efin ar s n r - s h pe, t b g c y d ed tow d the o th we t an d n orth (beyond a gr oup of massive r ocks outcr opping thr ough

' th e san as f ll o in th e utlin e of th e clifls at firs s u d) o w g o , t o th to nor th an d then west to east (the r uin ed wall showing distin ctly

of se r i n s il ar s th e s u an d ast ar e her both the po t o ), wh e tow d o th e ot

un ar ies of s n es in r e ular lin e alt u s m im s nl bo d to g , ho gh o et e o y in ermi en l r u th e san s i hin his ncl sur e —as t tt t y th o gh d . W t t e o — over almost the whole of th e Balamhuilinn site the drifting sand is so ee as to ma i A d p ke the scar city of r elics not sur pr sing. good

’ man n es in ludin a num er of r s s t t er e seen as y bo ( c g b ho e ee h) w , al s a few flin ts an d fr a m n s of r e er al amm r - s n s o g e t potte y. S v h e to e ,

an ir n n ail or ri and a lar e rass in of m ar a i el o vet, g b p co p t v y

m er n r e al s n i ll l find e . nl r ua e od type, we o ot c d The o y ea y val b

— 1 34 TIR EE PREHISTORIC BURIAL - SITES num r us u r in r s am n s and u n i ar e man e o o tc opp g ock , o g t po wh ch y small gr oups of stones which might be taken to in dicate ancient

ur ial si r it b s. These tes ar e at leas t so cir cumscribed as to r en de

ui l ar a n r a n llin an q te c e th t they ca n eve h ve bee dwe gs. M y

n s er e s a r e a ou wi a few flin ts nl one s r a er bo e w c tte d b t, th (o y c p ) ,

’ amm r - n n h A small i of r s s a d s me seals e . u h e to e , o te t p ece w o ght

’ me al w as als f un s me a in s a e of an i ma t o o d, o wh t the h p S, wh ch y

’ ssi l a f r of bi po b y h ve o med par t a horse s t. Towar ds the extr eme south of these en closur es ar e tw o distin ct kitchen - middens chiefly composed of limpets and

ri pe win kl es.

ar r s u ar e a n um er of se ara air ns and an r F the o th b p te c , othe

- ll er a er w as kitchen midden not so we defined. No pott y wh tev

’ be s n n ear se si es but a. lar e uan i of r ses n s to ee the t , g q t ty ho bo e i and teeth an d several bone pins of manifestly ar tific al shape.

la r er e is in l ass ia d i h in i i ual airns These tte w d t ct y oc te w t d v d c , four pins lyin g close together upon one moun d amidst other

n s e i entl uman il u n an r n ei ur in an d bo e ( v d y h ) , wh e po othe ghbo g

’ - d me s similar heap l ay a hammer stone an so horse teeth .

r i un mm at n r t end of Balamh uilin n an d Potte y s co on the o h ,

ar u appar en tly absent in th e middl e por tion . Tow ds the so th — — end a compar atively level tr act are other isolated cair ns an d

er lar m un s of l se san th e ole surface s r e n two v y ge o d oo d, wh t w

asi nal n s s er s and flin ts alm s small with occ o bo e , pot h d , , o t to the

uinn Ban on s u - es ara er of str eam Abh the o th w t, the ch ct the r emain s indicating the whole ar ea of these extensive sandhill s

e n u r e an d er for urial s in all r a il i to have b e sed he th e b , p ob b ty ' TI REE —PREHISTOR IC BURIAL- SITES 1 35

- — co eval with th e occupation of the thr ee n eighbour ing for ts D un

or ai Mor an d Dun B B n D B e i B h ean ai un or a e e . ear t e g, g , g g N s u end is a i n - mi n of s ell s n s and r o th k tche dde h , bo e , potte y, a li le sou of a lar ir r e ul ar l s a hill i tt th ge g y h ped ock, w th the

i all or au a remains of a conn ect ng w c sew y. Upon the west

e of is m un at a r n isi er la u n th e riftin edg th o d , ece t v t, th e y po d g san i hin a small r e an ular stone is a u 2 f e s uar e d (w t ct g c t, bo t e t q ) se r al uman n s an d a s ull n ainin f ur bac - tee ve h bo e , k co t g o good k th

hil e ar s si or eas ern en d r e i n - mi en w , tow d the oppo te t , we k tche dd s ell s an d on s i se r al air ns of a r r n l s near h b e , w th ve c w te wo pebb e the base.

A littl e to th e n orth is an other and much lar ger sand- heap of 1 u r in th summ er f 1 dis l r e lar al s a e . e o 901 se g ov h p He e, c o d by th e n in ual r ift near its es ern en d er s il l m r e num r us co t d w t , w e t o e o

uman r emains in l u in fr a men s of at l as or r h , c d g g t e t two th ee

' difler ent s ulls a nes an d al s th e ra i all m l k , two j wbo , o p ct c y co p ete f il lai i i f s ele n o a ts sou . k to ch d , d w th eet to the th Between these two lar ge moun ds exten d the r emain s of

i r a all or a r u a em n il ar s s ar e e the w o gh p v e t, wh e tow d the we t a n umber Of isolated cair ns str ewn with bones (pr obably both

d flin r uman an d of animals an some ts. e r e als f un h ) , He we o o d several fragmen ts of ir on one piece r iveted into a ver y large isolated stone.

1 i und seems to hav been at one d ik b l In the This par t cular mo e perio a V ing uria .

- or i in l Statir tical A ccoun t vol . x. . 402 it is stated that in a stack ard at Cornai e a g a , p , y g b g ( ‘ uilinn in i in d th f mile east of Balamh ) d gg g pits in sandy groun , ere were ound at

human skeletons and ni h th m f h Th different times , g e the skeletons o orses. ey seemed to ’ v m l etel ar med ordin to e times. ha e been co p y , acc g th — 1 36 TIREE PREHISTORIC BURIAL - SITES

1 At Bal amhuilinn w as f un a sm in - s n n s o d good ooth g to e. Bo e and ee of rs r e of mm n ur r en e hr u u t th the ho e we co o occ c t o gho t.

‘ The KILKENNETH san dhill s (of which th e eastwar d portion h as alr eady been descr ibed in r espect to dwellin gs) ar e very

nsi an d resen al m s as mu diflioul t as Balamh uilinn exte ve, p t o t ch y in th e a em lassif m n e u n a visi in ul tt pt to c y the . I de d, po t J y 1 901 gr eat changes wer e n oticeable as compar ed with the year s

1 897 1 899 r ass r e ail in mu r the f r m r ar san to , g p v g ch ove o e b e d

ar s e r me as so a fea ur es i had (except tow d the xt e e t) , th t t wh ch

di in r n ar l r e l been pr eviously quite st ct we e the sc ce y t ac ab e .

il enn li s a u mil s s u - es of Balamh uilinn K k eth e bo t two e o th w t , an d alf a mil e es fr th e an ien a el n ar sh re h w t om c t ch p , e the o , is a lar ge level tract boun ded upon th e east by a steep san dy

h r a l sl w i as e n an an ien r ais ea . er e ope, h ch p ob b y b e c t ed b ch H

flints and hammer - ston es ar e much mor e pl en tiful than at the kitchen - midden sites ar ound Kilkenn eth Chapel (where both of

es lass s ar e scar el ser a le whil e on the er and th e c e c y ob v b ) , oth h

r is rar er iminis in r ea l ar s the sh or e. potte y , d h g g t y tow d On th e sl ope just mentioned a very littl e pottery w as to be

’ se n it flints s me am er - st n s r ses an d als e , w h , o h m o e , ho teeth, o

1 From the same general site were purchased the foll owing ar ticl es

f ueen Eliza eth A sil ver coin o Q b .

A sh or t needl e a arentl of br on e and a lon er one of r ass both with lar e ( pp y z ) g b , g

eyes.

n fih - h oo A bro ze s k.

It The writer has also seen anoth er bronze p in which was found at Balamhuilinn.

— TIREE PREHISTORIC BUR IAL - SITES

Between th e sandy slope and th e west of Kilkenneth Chapel is an in er media e s a e mu u i u in r o s t t p c , ch occ p ed by j tt g ck , am n s i are old ear t s i en - mi ens wi n s and o g t wh ch h h , k tch dd ( th bo e

- flint s ells amm r s nes an d er b ut li le if an . h ) , h e to , pott y , tt y Among the r ocks were noticed on our fir st visit (of 1 897) several

is in r u s of small i e uar z s nes al u u on d t ct g o p wh t (q t ) to , tho gh p

u r ifi A car - rack s bsequen t occasions these coul d not b e ve ed. t t leads seawar d south of all th e sites above mentioned (th e cham

er air n nl e e e and u n its n r si e r f und b ed c o y xc pt d), po o th d we e o

- r on half adozen good hammer ston es lyin g cl ose togethe . Up both edges of this r oadway (but especiall y to its south) flaked ‘ flints ar e e edin l l en iful m r e so in an at an er xce g y p t , o deed th y oth si te kn own to the wr iter .

m for ar s s ut of il enn e h a l in a So e ty y d to the o h K k th C pe ,

place wher e the absen ce of visible kitchen - middens or pottery is

n r ar e th e r emains of a small s uar e r e i n er a s otewo thy, q e ct o , p h p a is f r m of f ur s n s and measur in s m 2 f e ac r ss the c t, o ed o to e g o e e t o

in er i r t o .

ui e n ear his ar e r a es of an er n l osur e ar l sur Q t t t c oth e c , p t y

r un e on e ur se of r lar s nes l in as and s o d d by co ve y ge to , y g e t we t d appar ently having contain ed a space of about 6 feet by

1 in 8 ches.

Small r n ze r es of a u an in in diam er some b o b ooch bo t ch et ,

th l n and er s i s r ins ar e asi n all f und o g oth w th ho t p , occ o y o at Kil kenn eth ; on e of these w as given to the wr iter by Dr .

n Bucha an .

1 a w u A pocketful could be g thered in a very fe min tes.

TIREE—PR EHISTORIC BUR IAL - SITES 1 39

At BAL AME ANACH (a mile an d a half south of Kilkenneth

a l an d us sou of an er old r is ian ur ial - r un Ch pe , j t th oth Ch t b g o d,

’ ’ Cn oc a Claodh ) w as to b e seen th e gr eater por tion of a hor se s

' s el n i s m fia ments of er nl one bit a t r n e . k eto , w th o e g pott y, o y p t e d

- d fli r ui r ar s Hammer ston es an nts ar e he e q te sca ce . Tow d the

s u end n ot far fr m Kenavar a b un ar all an d near th e o th , o the o d y w ,

lar e i en - mi en al r a n i am n an ill w ellin s g k tch dd e dy ot ced ( o g S dh d g ,

1 is a m s r mar a le si e— a l e el ir l e of a u 1 2 p. o t e k b t v c c bo t

ar s in diame er losel s r e n w i small s n s mos of em y d t , c y t w th to e ( t th

r en and n ainin in its n r an r ir l of 48 in s b ok ), co t g ce t e othe c c e che 1 acr ss r e ular l a e i r un ded uar z les of m ar o , g y p v d w th o q t pebb co p

ativel lar e size ese a ain ar efull e i s ill lar r y g , th g c y edg d w th t ge

r dinar a er r n s n s th e le i en l in situ as en o y w t wo to e , who ev d t y wh

l nl l l - ai . is w e can n u a een a ur ia aim d Th o y co c de to h ve b b c ,

now m le l r uin e an d it m r l th e ase r mainin see co p te y d, w h e e y b e g (

1 Thi a t to ether with oth r r u of th e e les found t Kilkenneth as noted o s f c , g e g o ps es p bb a , n

ir h ur ll D a u t fi l S Ar t Mitch K B. LL. e 1 8 O n an interes in e d of research . e . . p g 3 , pe s p g , C , ,

in a r contri ted the Pr oc oc. Anti . Scot. vol. xviii. 286 discusses the a p pe bu to . S q , p . ,

occurren of hi uar tz stones in cham er ed cair ns urials and cists of a an times ce w te q b (b ) p g ,

l e tio e nal o ser vation similar e les laid u on no fe er th and aso m n ns, from his p rso b , p bb p w an

ei ht h h Kilmal e near Inverara The resent wr it r o g graves in th e c urc yard of w y. p e (bef re ’ ein ir h ur a er was much struc findin in 1 898 tw o small r ou of se g S Art s p p ) k by g, , g ps these

e les h ea ed a ain st h eadstones in Keills ch urch ar d Nor th Kna dale —one of the tom p bb p g y , p , b

ton 41 wi th an ient r uin church itself an the er un s es dated 1 8 , thin e c ed , d oth ( dated) in the sur roun ding graveyard which is still used for buriala He also speciall y noted the existence — — of anoth er similar but larger c ollection of quartz stones upon th e top of a low mined erec ’ tion ai r mac tom immediatel to th e f th e l (s d to be St. Co s b) y east o scu ptured cross upon

il ean Mr in al E o Knapd e.

Here ma be added a arall el reference fr om th e Gr a hic of Octo er 1 8 8 descr i in the y p ( p b 9 , b g

attle of Omdur man in the en a cu tom of Ma om all ov r l b S der ) to s h edans e th e wor d, to place white pebbles on bur ial - gr ounds} — 1 40 TIR EE PR EHISTOR IC BUR IAL - SITES ill i n ar l an r ustr at o ). H d y y potte y is to be obser ved near this spot.

n Bar r a ol r i n of th e same sand ill s s of Upo the p po t o h , we t Loch

’ ’ a Phuil w as f un an er r s s s el n and s me a , o d oth ho e k eto , o wh t to the s u a few flints an d hamm r - s nes and a ie e ofir n - sla o th good e to p c o g, as has alr eady been mention ed in conn ection with th e sandhill

llin - i e dwe g s t s.

er e et r mains n i a s r i s ofm un s i en l Th y e to be ot ced e e o d , ev d t y of nsi r a l an i ui at EAR NA L a lar e and m ar a i el co de b e t q ty, , g co p t v y l l e el mm n a inin n r en d of Ria hain and v co o , djo g the o th Loch g ,

m k ol i hin n ear ly a mil e west fr o th e old chapels at Kir ap . W t a quar ter of a mil e of this loch (chiefly between th e Vaul an d

Bala h etr ish fen es but se er al of em on th e Bala h etr ish si p c , v th p de)

u en n l u s all lie a r xim a l ar e abo t tw ty lo g ow mo n ds. The e pp o te y

n r an d s u and ar e usuall nl a u 3 fee in i . o th o th, y o y bo t t he ght

One mu lar er is a ut 6 fee hi and 80 fee l n r oa es at ch g bo t gh t o g, b d t its s u en d an d a er in o ar s th e n r i la r f r m o th t p g t w d o th, wh ch tte o

in e ar a er is i of th e le r u In he m vi ini is e . t sa d d ch ct t c who g o p e c ty , upon the top of a small hill call ed Cn oc Ear nal within sight of

islan Dun on na il e is a s ill lar r m un s me the d Loch G , t ge o d o

and u 9 f e in l what cur ved abo t 0 e t ength.

1 ’ This ro a l formed ar t of h W l h ch h n h ter I . in p b b y p T e y e, w i as been mentio ed in C ap

nn ction ith the su o ed u h co e w pp s Dun pon Cnoc Creagac .

1 42 TIREE—PRE - R EFORMATION CHAPELS

’ n is id Ma - lun a vocatur ver i r e use Cam us a est ho , p v , g g , o wh ch p

w n fir st- usin an d imme ia su ess r si e . Baithene his o d d St , co ( d te cc o ) , being al so on e ofthe twelve discipl es who or igin ally accompan ied l him n is l r r a Col umbanus Colmam llus to Io a. It aso eco ded th t (

of th e r is cal en ar a r n - sain of Kil colmonell in Ar llshire I h d , p t o t gy an d of Colmonell in Ayr shir e) sailed fr om Ir elan d to th e islan d

of B th an d after er e r ecei in r ina i n at an s of y , th v g o d t o the h d 2 C lum a r e ur n e to his ow n un r . St . o b , t d co t y Ther e must in deed have been a ver y fr equent communication

e een r elan an d ir ee ur in th e si en ur an d i u b tw I d T d g xth c t y, w tho t doubt th e local dedication s in this islan d to Sain ts Kenn eth

Cainn ech ani e or Ch oin nich ri e r i i Fin n ian luco ( , C c , ) , B d (B g d), , Mo ,

Tyr iad Ter eyd Ilyr iagc Tier cig until it has been reduw d to

of Tiree or often T r es. the present form , y ’ t from th e An nal s o Ulster amw 678 uoted in R eeves Adammm One extrac f , (q , p . ‘ - ’ oair nn in Tir - inn t o. r el chm Fada et Britones victor es eran Interfectio Generis L , , t,

f Tiree the more es ecial l h en taken in con unction i seems cer tainl y to re er to , p y w j w th other

f F to hom as successor a n 8 to Maelduin in th e ki a a . 6 n notices o Fer char d , w , , 9, gdom of

ish r i da th e sce tr e assed from the h ouse of at to that of Loam T Scott Dal a , p p G . his

t r of the Mac uarries and M nnon two im or tan l n Ferchar Fada was ances o Q acKi s, p t c a s in

I na Tiree I bid . 203 o and ( , pp , 1 ’ R eeves Adamnan . 59 245 . St. Colum a died at Iona une A . D. 597. , pp , b , J ’ 2 25 a o R eev Mo r a 2 I . 9 1 ls es no h . 34. bid ., pp , g p , p ’ 3 t nn th is said to have lived for some tim in Tir ee H ath kene s eltic c tl n S . Ke e e ( ) (S C S o a d ,

v ii P nl lat r second e n. ol. . . ro a l a out th e same eriod cer tai not e than a n. 5 77 d , p b b y b p ( y , h en t Brendan died w e read that four founder s of mona teries the tw o a ove nam d w S . ) s ( b e ,

h ith t. Brendan and ormac r i ited l um a toget er w S C ) came fr om I eland and v s St. Co b in the ‘ l nd of Hinba hich was evid entl Eil ean na Naomh one of the Gar vel och rou Reev is a , w y , g p ( es

Fur ther out m m A mm . a th e ear a n . 565 St. olu a acco anied da m, p , b y , C b , p by

th and t. on all ventured u on a mis i n th f rt id entifi v enne S C s o to e o ed Dr . Ree es St. K g , p ( by

rai Phadrick near Inver ness of the Pictish Kin Br ude hom the su in with C g ) g, , w y cceeded

v n to h ristianit 1 bid. . 1 50 t. enneth was orn in 5 1 and i con erti g C y ( , pp S K b 7, d ed in

600 (Ibid , p.

TIREE—PRE - REFORMATION CHAPELS 1 43

r an an d a r i ar e due to i ause Dr R e es u s . . e s O , P t ck, th c v q ote fr m h e Dt Ke neth o A haboe ha l o t fi of St. n f g t t a cer tain ayman nam ul an ur ne e fr m r elan the islan of Hithe ed T ch jo y d o I d to d ,

m n H n er e am a . e al s m i ns . Com all wh he bec e o k o e t o St g , who had f un he m n as r of an r in ls r A D t . . 558 as o ded o te y B go U te , , sailing to Br itain an d foun ding an other at a cer tain vill age in

n d ll i n A D . 5 6 a e s r 5 . r eg o e Heth un de date . t how St Br endan

fir il a m n f un r f A D . u as r ( o de of Clon er t in . 5 59) st b t o te y call ed

h n c tl d il i. S a nd af r a A ec u th e mainl an e. o n a t ar s t po d ( ), e w d ‘ “ r ur and ill anothe place in r egion e Heth a ch ch v age .

Fin d ch n r of l um a f un h a als a n m ar . e t e , o co te po y St Co b , o d d ‘ ’ m nas r of Ar tchain in Ethica r ra a u a n . 565 . o te y te , bo t

Dr R e s in his Mono r a h r eds us num r a . e ve , g p , p oce th to e e te th e an i n l sias ical r emain s in ir ee a a n um er s c e t ecc e t T , the tt ched b f ll in n o e ra i al s u n e b ut ein mer l a o ow g g og ph c eq e c , b g e y dopted,

for n nien fr m his ow n arr an men . co ve ce, o ge t

OR OBY - is w at r na Luin e on s u - eas S . Th as Po t g the o th t

’ M fa h f t M Reeves ono r a h 235 . Th same Tul chan was th e t er o S . unna also g p , p. e ( ’ kn n as t. Fintan . From this i wh o e to Iona in 597 ust after St. Columba ow S ) sant, cam , j s

’ - von was anoth er cha l d cat to t. Mund Reeves Adamnan 20 22 Loch Le ) pe edi ed S ( , pp. , 372)

I bid . 220 also M 2 2 H died a n. 602. ono ra h . 3 36. e , p , g p , pp 5, 3 ’ R es Mono r a h 2 6 . St Brendan died in 5 7 a ed 95 and is atron i eev g p , p. 3 . 7, g , p sant ’ fKil randon in th e island of eil Reeves Adamnan . lxxiv and o b S ( , pp

M 370. But com are this ith Ibid 21 h er e it is noted that t. Fin , pp . 66, p w , p. , w S tan

r Munna was th f und o ch u h a - in th island of Coimri hi at A o e o er f a r c t Ath caoin e g , chadh ’ b im th ese names which w e lace in italics ein cur iousl like Artchain and Ailech , p b g y ,

a uted to Fin r v l Ar tchain seems to a re above ttrib dchan and St. Brendan especti e y. g e with

Ardkirlmi h near Bala h e r —th e A r d d uir onis of the Ordnance Sur ve ma s , p trish in Ti ee y p . 1 44 TIR EE—PRE - REFORMATION CHAPELS s r of islan and imm ia l n r of Balamar tin ho e the d, ed te y to the o th

m L un e of Ad amn an as als ns i . is e nl Ca us tow h p It c rtai y the p g , o ’ am us Mh- n e f r is r ni l es and C navis or a Lui o the p g g the I h ch o c , ,

as has alr a n n e w as a m nas er f un . e dy bee ot d, o t y o ded by St

l l r tu um a and in his im r u e . Baith ene as a osi s Co b , t e d by St p p

’ Of the Chapel there r emain only the ver y faintest tr aces (although w e w er e informed that the foun dations show distinctly below the sur face) n ear the n or th- west cor n er of Sor oby chur ch

ar on e of th e r ur in r un s s ill in use in ir e y d, th ee b y g g o d t T e, the l other two almost adjoining each other at Kir kapo .

In Sor ob ur ar s an s a massi oss s on r ss y ch chy d t d ve b ed t e c o , m asurin 32 in s in r em i and 46 in es in ei e g che ext e w dth, ch h ght

r l ix an ien ra - sl a s o above the soil . He e also at east s c t g ve b f the West Highlan d type (with two eighteen th - cen tur y table

n ill r f in i of th m sto es) st emain . By ar the most ter est ng e onu men s r e e r is on e hi measur es a u 74 in s in t he , how ve , w ch bo t che l en gth by 9 in ches in br eadth at the head and 1 3 in ches at th e f nf r una l th e s on e i r n ri r u s m oot. U o t te y t s b oke ght th o gh o e

ve in his M h 5 an ri e Ree ono r a . 240 and in A 9 uotes I sh ref ren s, g p , p , damnan , p. , q ce — h a el next to be noted ms o . r are two references to this mon ter C p , p o , N . 1 1 The e later as y in the Irish An nals— t in a n h r i h r c r c d s its destr uction b fi firs . 673, w e e Tg e na h e or y re ;

and second in the Annal s o the Fow Master s as) . 0 here is entered th e o it of , f , 77 , w b Conan ’ bb Mai he Luin e i s. ot of Ma h ui A Conall a b n R id . g g , . b g L g ( ) ’ As to th e monasteri s ha l and cells of St. Col um as time it is su o ed that th e , c pe s, b , pp s ey

ere or i inall construct of d or wattles and cla or that hen uilt of to w g y ed woo y ; , w b s ne, they ' f - l xx were o the character of beehive cells (Fow er s Adamnan, pp. xxxviii and xix. Ra d thatchin g seems to have been in use, I bid , p.

CR OS S OF S T MI C . H A E L T H E A R CH A N E L G , S O R O BY .

R EDUCED m o .“ n ss o ( u m . )

TIREE—PRE - REFORMATION CHAPELS

’ a l of KI BRI DE of i a s lu l n in is now The ch pe L , wh ch b o te y oth g

be s en w as in Cor nai - Mor a uar er of a mil s u of the to e , g , q t e o th

om - mill an d a u th sam i an e fr m B c e s as hasa ol. , bo t e d t c e t o Loch p Mention has alr eady been made of this chapel as dedicated to

r i i of a - uin w as on of ir n a f h St. B g d M gh L g. She e th tee s in ts o t e 1 sam n ame e . Th e burying gr oun d is locally stated to have been upon the si of th e r s n s a of La na Cr uach th e ll te p e e t t ckd g , ho ow

’ 4 ll in of a s and Dr . R e es i es . 2 1 th e f d escr i the he p , ev g v (p ) o ow g p ti n : is on n rth si e in th e far m of Corn a mor e and o It the o d , g , 3 human r emains which ar e foun d her e indicate a cemeter y wher e a small a el is n n a xis e all s of hi ere ch p k ow to h ve e t d, the w w ch w

’ r emoved to help in building some ancien t cabins.

R r s out ithin is sta ar and in its en r lies a ock c op w th cky d, c t e

ll e s n a u 2 fe l n ic er ma a e n ho ow d to e bo t et o g, wh h howev y h ve b e

m r ar in hi un r ain and n ot a f n . a o t w ch to po d g , o t

n r nin m n as er of AB TCHAIN alr ea men i ne Co ce g the o t y , dy t o d as f un e Fin d chan in ir ee it is su se a is name o d d by T , ppo d th t th h as as s in Ar dkir knish er e a li l e - th e eas of ala p ed to , wh , tt to t B

h etrish ill w as f r mer l a a l it its emet r . On the p H , o y ch pe w h c e y

1 ’ M ra 240. Reeves onog p h, p. 402 r efers to human sk l e ns d l s i l vol. x. . e to wea ons an The o d Stati t ca A ccount, p , , p ,

our and near to them th e skeletons of h orses as havin een found in a stack ani at ar m , , , g b y

- of a non ecclesiastical char acter .

3 ’ t a ar in Kil n ichm Mull Th v imilar Findchan s name is unders ood to ppe fi , . ese ery s

t n o t names in conn ection with Tiree ( Findchan and Fin a , antca ; al s wo Gill Fhinncim u n ma althou h one is s elt Fhinncan uite n th r —our pon the Ordna ce p , g p , q ear each o e

1 48 TIREE—PRE - REFORMATION CHAPELS — together a ver y old chapel upon a r ock and unin cl osed ; another medimval chur ch within its gr aveyar d ; an d (near est the s r a urial r un i u an xistin r emains of a f r m r ho e) , b g o d w tho t y e g o e l chape .

Of tw o ur s a u on is la e r a u 1 00 the ch che , th t p the o t d ock, bo t

ar s to n r t is smaller and als un ou t dl mu th e y d the o h , the o d b e y ch m r n 1 f 6 o e a cient . This chapel measur es outside 29 feet by 6 eet in s and insi e 23 fe 6 in s 1 1 f 6 in es l a in a che , d et che by eet ch , e v g

i n es f a i r of t l th ck s o bout 30 nches fo each h e wa ls.

D r r ilk and m l r . Reeves ema ks that as at K enneth Te p e Patr ick (the only other ver y ancient chapels in Tir ee of which mor e than the slightest foundations of th e walls r emain ) th is em an le has h ad no ast rn in b ut ins ea n ar r p e e w dow, t d, two ow

ee l - s la lan e s in th e an l r u n r an d s u d p y p yed c t ch ce , th o gh the o th o th l als . Of ese a on s u is im er f but a w th , th t the o th p ect, both h ve l vi ent n of same size viz. 22 7 in s u si e d y bee the , by che o t de,

la 1 ri Th - sp yed to 3 by 25 in ches at the inte or . e r ound headed

r a on th e s u si e n ear es a l e is edin l doo w y, o th d the w t g b , exce g y nar r measur in nl 23 in es a r ss an d r is of th e ow, g o y } ch c o , the floo na ural r i f urf The a l and all i un nn ss o s a . s t ock , w th ts eve e ce g b e n r si e ar e alm s n ir e but in th e s u all imm ia el o th d o t e t , o th w , ed t y west fr om the splayed window (of which only th e east half

s s cur s a lar e a of m r e an 2 ar s. A o is how ) , oc g g p o th y d b ve th

r ea u er r i n of th e mas nr s me 2 feet in e b k , the pp po t o o y ( o d pth), s ill ena i usl r emains in si i n f rmin a r u ar i t t c o y po t o , o g o gh ch, wh ch however can scar cely thus hold out for mor e than a short time. Upon th e exter ior of th e west gable is a r ecess (of tr iangular

1 50 TIREE— PRE - REFORMATION CHAPELS

ur one of em lies flat r o en a r ss an d muc efa e ch ch ; th , b k c o h d c d the other stan ds er ect an d is evidently th e upr ight shaft of a

r ss th e to r en off a u 6 in in ei a e r un c o ( p b ok ) bo t 3 ches h ght bov g o d ,

in s i an d n earl is la r h s u e e 3 in i . a 8 ch w de, y ches th ck Th tte fl t d

r s n its e es and folia e r n amen u n si es. g oove dow dg , g o t po both d

Eas ofth e a l are six er sla s s me of em mu r t ch pe oth b , o th ch ove

r n r a in summ n f th six th e rnamen g ow by he b ge er . Upo two o e o t is ar el r a a l and of an er n e nl alf r emains th e b y t ce b e, oth sto o y h m s is in measur es 6 8 1 5 in s and is a r all fin e o t d t ct by che , e y s e imen i a - an e s r s ul ur ami s f lia e p c , w th two h d d wo d c pt ed d t o g

r namen n its fa e and u n th e e ell es n r an d o t o c , po b v ed edg (to o th 1 west) the foll owing in cised letter ing +jf£nssnita tartar ht y me brain 1951119110 antennas rt stirs "th is films

° ° t BDomini m tttt ra .

1 ’ or in ves Mono r a h . 241 This rior was of the Olanu MacFinn uine Acc d g to Ree g p , p , p g ,

w Mackinnon and is thus noticed MacFir bis Finn uin a ot of H no call ed , by g e, bb y, ” ll son of Gill eb ride. broth er to Domhna ,

’ r s vol . ii. late l x i let i sh o n th e d estal s tu ed Stone v . ter ress . s e In Stuart Sculp , , p ( p , p w p ’ t d resuma l at St. Oran s Cha el Io al th ou h not s ecificall located in of a cross er ec e (p b y p , na, g p y )

be: est tr ay: : fi ugontt shh sti r rt sacr umfutures: fl ap s“ e

st age.

uin or anoth er of the same name is d to have died in 1 5 This Abbot Pingo s ( ) sai 00, and

in 1 489 erected a cr oss I bid vol. ii. late xlvii. letter ress . t c t certainly ( , , p , p , p + h i t cr ux l sccl annt 9 d c f inger s r t ems I filii Entrants l aht st ts : ne b y ] ° ° f acts sane D ead at m. cccc. lrrr f Attention may h ere be drawn to th e names Eage of th e pedestal inscription above ‘ M o e on not d and A acPetri f th Pa al Bull dated 1 3 5 and alr ead uoted . 1 49. e , yg p , 7 y q p

’ and A evidentl re resent th e Chr istian name Hu h hich also seems to be Huge yg y p g , w ’ nd ida: Fowler s da 1 identical with Aedh a A ( A mmm, p.

1 52 TIREE—PRE - REFORMATION CHAPELS

Kil enn a s its nam . n fr m his m ani n s i i k y t ke e) I deed, o co p o h p w th

St . Columba an d their joint missionar y visit to King Brud e near 1 nv r n ss it is id n a th e sain s er in ima e I e e , ev e t th t two t w e t t

fr iends . The w alls of Kilkenn eth Chapel ar e stil l in ver y complete

r eser a i n i in ri r imensi ns of 28 fee 9 in s 1 3 p v t o , w th te o d o t che by f 9 i I n r er n and a ern ll ar eet nches. ts o th e st wa s e heaped outside

dr ifte san n ar l u eir summi al u th e in si is by d d e y p to th t, tho gh de

m s l r mm ia el th e n r as r n r is a r al o t c ea . I ed t y to o th e t co e ocky mound upon which lay many ancient human bones with at least on e s ull al u er e l h a man su had n t e k , tho gh we w to d t t y ch bee in r r e In s a l is a r un - ea d r a a u te d. the we t g b e o d h de doo w y bo t

im r f on u si h 2 in s i e b ut e s e. T e nl 7 che w d , pe ct the o th d o y

in s ar e s la lan s 9 in s i e utsi e 24 in es w dow two p yed cet ( che w d o d , ch insi e si ac er in the n r and s u alls 33 d ) , oppo te to e h oth o th o th w , — in ches fr om th e east gable that on the south being scar cely

r a l ur ar s ms av e n nfin t ace b e. The ch chy d ee to h e b e co ed to the

s i n l in fr m th e mid - n rt th e s u - as di r in fr m ect o y g o o h to o th e t, ve g g o

ha l 44 f and 3 fee at s r em s r es e i el and the c pe eet 7 t the e ext e p ct v y,

ere ar e is in r emains of a all l se i w as f un h the d t ct w , c o to wh ch o d one piece of flint evidently used as a cor e fr om which to strike

flakes.

’

I O U AG the ur of . l uc o. A ordin Dr . K LM L , ch ch St Mo cc g to

R e es is sain w as th e f un r and a r n of ism re e v , Th t, who o de p t o L o

1 ee 1 42 e S p. , ant s .

ord Archi ald am bell mention d as now in the os ion of his famil a L b C p e , p sess y, small

ron e hell of onl a out two inches diameter hich was found some ears a o at b z y b , w y g

1 54 TIREE—PRE - REFORMATION CHAPELS

n one i e w as r 1 42 to 36 in ches. Upo s d a c oss 6} inches in l n i rac s of a smal ler one fain l out el il e e gth, w th t e t y b ow ; wh

r r as r u e r ss 1 1 in l n upon the eve se w a. d c o ches o g. This woul d

s m th e s n e i Dr . R es r efers On th e ee to be to to wh ch eev ,

il r - on i r south ther e stands a. p la st e w th two c osses incised upon ’ 1 r i it of i th e l er is m e an en . , wh ch ow the o c t

a el alls s em a een 3 fe i i the The ch p w e to h ve b et th ck, w th

i n of east a l e i is a u 6 in es les e e s. is xc pt o the g b , wh ch bo t ch Th gabl e n ow measur es at its gr eatest height 55 feet in side and

f i e but i mu r n ar s es n ee u s s . 7 t o t d , ch b oke tow d both edg Upo a hillock about 1 0 yar ds to th e n or th has been a separ ate

al - all n l osur of a u 6 3 ar ds and er e a ear ov w ed e c e bo t by y , h pp

rac es of an er i n m as ur in 4 fee s uar e insi e us t ect o e g t q d . J t

el a el is a small ll n ar s r e an d in th e b ow the ch p we e the ho , r ocks at about high- water mar k ar e sever al cur ious r oun d and

e les b ut i n l na ur al one of i is n n as d ep ho ( ev de t y t ) , wh ch k ow

’ a r i s Vat and has een s r i as 2 f i and 4 St. P t ck b de c bed eet w de 1 feet in depth. A little to the west ar e two stony beaches upon which ar e to

’ f un th e ao- all n a l s - a r - w om fra m nts be o d c ed Io pebb e , w te g e of ser pentin e r ock.

’ ’ CNOO A CLAODH th e ill of th e ur in - r un is a , h b y g g o d, hill ock close to the Bar rap ol side of the wir e fence which divides

a far m fr m Balameanach . n e is fen e ui e a r e en th t o I de d, th c (q t c t one h ad ia e in th e urse of its ere i n e aus ) to be dev t d co ct o , b c e

u hi um u r emain ar of th e human ho se w ch were exh ed. S ch s e

1 ’ 1 v Mono r a h . 242. Old Stat. Ace vol. x. . 402. Ree es g p , p , p

— TIREE PRE - REFORMATION CHAPELS s ill s en er an d r u n sur fa n t to be e h e the e po the ce. O e hammer s n e w as f un an d a u five ear s a o a r nz n dl e i to o d , bo t y g b o e ee , w th an e e er lar e in r r i n w as i e u in i ini y v y g p opo t o , p ck d p the v c ty.

Dr . R eeves descr ibes the site as close to some cabins which

r e uil fr m th e alls of th e a l but r m n w we b t o w ch pe , the e see o to 1 n o a r be cott ges nea .

Cm onn BEG li l e ur in r un is r a s in , the tt b y g g o d, pe h p distin ctly tr aceable upon the br ow of the hill - side half a mile west fr om Hynish far m an d about a hundr ed yar ds nor th- east of a lar e f l t i Dr s ee . Bu as m n n . Re v s his si g h p o d , e t o ed by e e , t te ' ’ is n w l i o ui eflaced a u name s ill sur v s. q te , tho gh the t ve

TE MPLEFI EL D n ow Todhar an Team uill fi l or f l ( p , the e d ( o d) of th e ur is in He li ol s u of r a Barr a ol and ch ch y p , o th the o d to p ,

- alf a mil e s u fr m s u D r . ves s a h o th west o I land Ho se . Ree t tes

a it ri e its n am fr m a a el th e si e of i i th t de v d e o ch p , t wh ch s ’ n i l - But sin his w r i ow occup ed by a schoo house. ce t as w tten (1 852) the school has been in tur n displaced by a manse of th e Es a li r an ien r mains ar e now t b shed Chu ch. No c t e to be

r obse ved.

’ as l mes 0 3 0 1 8 A CH AOLAIS of i ur in - r un L t y co , wh ch b y g g o d the very slightest tr aces still exist in a small enclosur e behin d

’ a rofter us u n r ad - si alf a mil s u - s fr m c s ho e po the o de, h e o th we t o

i Scot. vol . xvi. . 463. Ant q. , p 3 h e mor r Mr Sands also mentions I bid . that he found some of t ta and stones of . ( )

- r t of the avement at H nish farm standin . This cross we did not upon it, still forms pa p y g

v h e bl ed at H nish sever al times. happen to obser e, althoug w sta y — 1 56 TIREE PRE - REFORMATION CHAPELS th e f rmer f rr at h n r of Tir s ere o e y t e o th end ee . The pot wh th e last inter ment w as made (r emembered by an old man only r ecently dead) w as even poin ted out in the south - west cor ner ;

r e ar e n ei er si ns nor l al radi i n of a a l al u the th g oc t t o ch pe , tho gh

Dr . R u l eeves is do bt ess cor r ect in statin g that one existed.

on h is r ft w as r en l f un r f r a e s n e ammer Up t c o ec t y o d a pe o t d to h ,

l so er fe l lis i an u w ar evel as in the ho e p ct y po hed , w th o t d b , to po t to its having un der gon e a secondar y use in th e char acter of a s e for th i of ock t e p vot a gate.

On th e es e of th e r a dir l si e th e f rmer w t edg o d, ect y oppo t o

ur in r un ar e lar e s n s im e ed in th e s il and b y g g o d, two g to e b dd o , between these th e Cr oss of Caoles is said to h ave stood until

' a n a a ser in r i f a u n ot far o Th e t ke w y to ve th e e ect on o ho se fl . t0p s of these two stones (th e socket of th e cr oss) ar e n ow nearly l e l wi th e a a n s il a th e s u measur in a ou 30 ve th dj ce t o , th t to o th g b t

1 2 in s u n its d i is lar im e e by che po exposed en . W th th ge b dd d ston e (perhaps in or der to pr event its shar ing th e fate of the cr oss i s lf is ass ia e a m ni r r adi i n eff t a sh ul t e ) oc t d o to y t t o to the ec th t, o d it e er b e r em e a ur r i an ill f ll su as sh a th e v ov d, h c e w o ow ch to ke

le of th i lan e s . n m r e an one r un ma th e r u who d Upo o th g o d, y t th ofthis pr ophecy never be tested 1

’ Th e f r e in e aus s Dr s lis of h e an i n a els o go g xh t . Reeve t t c e t ch p in ir ee but u n th e im of at leas el er l n a i es T , po test ony t two d y t v w e ar e abl e to add the name and dedication of still an other

a l u n u i his is AI BEAL ch pe po the o tsk r ts of Scarinish itself. T C

TH OMAIS a el of mas r n un c mis the (the ch p St. Tho , p o o ed Ho h si e of i i its ur in - r un is imm dia l t wh ch, w th b y g g o d, e te y to the

CHAPTER XV

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DUNS AND SANDHILL SITES OF COLL AND TIR EE

A THOU G H in l in a er ain am un of r e e i i n it is u L vo v g c t o t p t t o , tho ght advisable to give her e a br ief analysis of th e var ious types of

uns in ese islan s as al s of few r li s hi a e een D th d , o the e c w ch h v b f un in se an d th e an ill si s as ar in u n eir o d the S dh te , be g po th

r a le a e an an i n i p ob b d t d c e t occupat on .

In th e firs lac e n ei er islan n tain s an dis in l t p , th d co y t ct y

’ mar ked sp ecimm of th e Br och or ao- called Pictish tower 1 r er a e of r in ar ur r n in u er lan ai h n ss p op , typ o d y occ e ce S th d , C t e ,

r ne an d e l an an d al s r e resen e a fin e r ou in O k y Sh t d, o p t d by g p

lenel n er n ess- s ir e and a few s imens in th e n G g (I v h ) , by pec Lo g

Islan or u er e r i es as ell as u l in am l s in d o t H b d , w o t y g ex p e

er hs ir e tir lin shir e el ir s ir e and er i s ir e. P t h , S g , S k k h , B w ck h

’ m l e f r s n s de cr i u e at s e n t r m Dr . se An e s To q ot , o g h, o Jo ph d o p 1 i n th e i al f r m of th e Br o is a of a ll ir ular t o , typ c o ch th t ho ow c c tower of d ry - built masonr y about 60 feet in diameter and about

w l i i for 50 fee hi . a l s 1 5 fee i is ar r i u s li t gh The , wh ch t th ck, c ed p o d

' a u 8fee exce t w h er e or re l n am r s i r u el bo t t, p two th e ob o g ch be , w th d y

1 Al thou h it is ar el o i le that m of A l g b y p ss b so e Class be ong to this type. 1 - Proc. Soc. Anti . Sco vol. . 31 4 31 6. q t. , xii. pp THE BROCH PROPER 1 59

ul r fs ar e c ns r u in its i n ess. A th e ei va ted oo , o t cted th ck bove h ght of about 8 feet th e wall is car r ied up w ith a hollow space of about

i r in r i ll his ll 3 feet wide between ts exter io and te or she . T ho ow s a e at a u ei of a man is r sse r iz n all a p c , bo t the h ght , c o d ho o t y by r f of sla s th e u er sur fa es of i f r m th e r of th e s a e oo b , pp c wh ch o floo p c

his is r e ea at a ut ev r 5 or 6 fee of i fur er above. T p ted bo e y t ts th

8 r z l ll r i s ara fr m height. These paces thus for m ho i onta ga e es ep ted o

f eir or and r f D r . each other ver tically by th e slabs o th flo s oo s. Ander son states fur ther that th e onl y open ing to th e outside of th e er is the main en ran a nar r assa e usuall a u tow t ce, ow p g y bo t

1 5 feet l n an d 3 fee i l ea in s r ai r u all on o g t w de, d g t ght th o gh the w

the r un le el en r al ar ea or ur t ar of th e er g o d v to the c t co y d tow ,

r un th e inner ir umf r n e of i in differ en si i ns ar e o d c c e e c wh ch, t po t o ,

la e th e en r an es th e am er s on th e r un r and p c d t c to ch b g o d floo , to

l adin th e al l r ies a I its er nal th e stair case e g to g e bove. n ext as pect

th e t er is a run ca ne of s li mas nr un i r e an ow t ted co o d o y, p e c d by y Opening save th e narr ow door way ; whil e th e central cour t pr esents the as pect of a cir cular well 30 feet in diameter pr esenting at inter vals on th e gr ound floor sever al low and

r a s i in a ss th e am rs and s air an d doo w y g v g cce to ch be t ,

above these r anges of small window- like openings risin g p er pendicul ar ly over each other to admit light and air to th e ll i ga er es. It is n ow gener all y admitted by antiquar ies of author ity that 1 these Br ochs r ange fr om a period appr oximatin g to that betw een

1 din to ’ Accor Sh ane s Celtic Scotland second edition vol. i. . 40 8 g , ( , pp , 80, 3, the

inde ndent tr ibes ofNor th Br itain a for th e first time in n 30 und er th pe ppear a . 6 e general 1 60 THE BROCH PROPER

a i n d r R man u i n a. D 4 1 n the o occ p t o wh ch e ded . 0 a the No se occupation of th e Hebr ides together with th e n or ther n and

r n r f hi mm n f r D 800 este a ts o lan e A.. . w p Scot d , w ch co e ced be o and n in u un il 1 26 6 is ul i e a rio for the co t ed t . Th wo d g v pe d f r r r il ca. A.. D . 1 al n of s o f m ) . 300 un p ev e ce the B och o ca. Ad t Per haps a still safer chr onology (with r egar d to the latest e a a i ns ul assi n r s a m r e eneral er i xc v t o ) wo d g to the B och o g p od,

iz — th e fir s ei or ten n ur i of the r is ian er a— us v . t ght ce t es Ch t th

er la in for alf a s ac i th e whole ur a i n of the ov pp g, h th t p e, w th d t o

- man u i n of s u r n tlan A . D 9 41 0 a R o occ pat o o the Sco d ( . 7 ) s an e i n ardl stan in th e w a sin e ir s ial t c wh ch eed h y d y, c the pec

i u h r egion or hab tat w as bar ely infringed pon by t e R oman s.

W all et een th e Forth and l e on th e or h ith old n“ next th e Antonino (b w C yd ) n t , w th e G e

' l in et e ond them. Of these th e Caledonti had een se aratel mentioned in a n. 65 y g y b y , b p y

h Manta A91) . 201 follo in hich data it ul d a ear that the Pi een and t e , w g w wo pp cts had b

Th e Picts are supposed to have come to Scotland from W ales or Ireland (mythically

n robabl much the same relation to each other as d o th e Breton l h and heari g p y , W e s , ’ - lso R - v 201 a A . or h . ol . i. . 1 94 eeves dam um C nis (I bid , pp , p

- o vol. i . 1 ml l c tland . 98 indeed tate that Colum acon free Skene ( Cel tic S , pp ) s s St. b ven ed y

h Br d e Kin of the North er n Picts and with his messen ers with out the inter v tion of wit u , g , g , en an interpr eter ; although upon tw o occasions he did employ this assistance when expounding

ian o el to th e Picts such aid thus a ri to eco n hen th e Christ g sp , ppea ng b me ecessary only w

th ver end of th e four th cen u i n i the final wi of the It was at e y t ry, coinc de t w th thdr awal

that th e Picts and Scots formed settl ed kin d om in Scotland. Th e southern Romans, g

n rted to Chr istianit Ni i ca. 7 th e northern i t under Picts were co ve y by St. n an, 39 ; P c s,

r ude in 565 b St. Columba. King B , y l Roman coins and fiagments of Samian ware have been found in the Brochs of

1 62 SEMI - BR OCHS AND R OCK - FORTS

— In n i r Class B the Rock or Hill For ts. e th e of these two last named types is pr esent the r egular passage of 28 to 36 in ches between con centr ic wal ls upon th e gr oun d floor ; and while the

- wi h e r i h r n mi r a r s t o of Ca t ness e etc . se B och g ee th B ch , O k y, in its s mme ri al and massi ir ular ns r u i n it uall y t c ve c c co t ct o , eq y

' difi r in is r es fr m lass ere c urs a ser i s of e s th pect o C B, wh o c e

i r am ar s m s ir r e ular in u line and in r success ve p t o t g both o t te val .

ur r u le main alls of lass A a ar a e en F the , the do b w C ppe to h v be

is in l i er an in lass and et not n ar l so l ft d t ct y h gh th C B , y e y o y (w ith n o appear ance whatever of stair case or upper gall er ies) as

r r W r compar ed with those of th e B och pr ope . e a e thus con

fir m in th e in ion h a lass A is uite a s ara e one —not ed op t t C q ep t ,

e hi in r en n r u c impossibly a. typ w ch te v ed betwee the de Ro k

For ts an d the tr ue Br ochs . It has al r eady been suggested that the gr oups of small

ir ular ells of i r aces ur it in n ral ee s of c c c , wh ch t occ w h the ce t k p

o f f ur semi r s in Class A ma h e r mains thr ee ut o the o B och , y e

n ar u a i n al u in Dun Mor aul es eci of a seco d y occ p t o , tho gh V p all er e ese ar e est fin it ul al m s a ar ha y, wh th b de ed, wo d o t ppe t t

ri in al l n they for med par t of the o g p a .

— - - — Class B of Rock For ts or Hill For ts demands little gen er al description each D un being char acterised by an ir r egular in divid uality of shape and outwor ks dependent upon th e natur al

nfi ur a i n o f its sit . As a r ul e e er er e a e n co g t o e , how v , th h v bee at l east two or thr ee outer r amparts shieldin g the poin t of a r a th e er r i ns in usual l r e s ee pp o ch, oth po t o be g y p otect d by t p

’ r clifis or r ocks to seawa d. MAR SH AND ISLET FOR TS 1 63

Class C—th e ar s uns u n m un s in resen mar s es M h D , po o d p t h — — or for mer lochs ar e much lar ger in size than Class D Islet — Duns but un fortunately so gr eatly r uin ed as to affor d little

r i ion in o noth ng in th e w ay of gr oun d plan . Th e one except

is r s e is D un Ibri er e th e s r ies of r uin alls th e p ct g, wh e ed w su es s the ssi ili of is e a in a r a e or en gg t po b ty th typ h v g pp o ch d, ev

a in een i en i al wi lass A All of is e a h v g b d t c th , C . th typ h ve

i n l n a r a r aise caus a ev de t y bee pp o ched by d ew ys,

— - — Class D the Islet Dun s ar e of compar atively small dimen si n s r u hl ir ul ar in f r m but i alls of no r ea o , o g y c c o , w th w g t

s ren u n isle s in m s ases at leas ar l na ur al . In t gth, po t o t c t p t y t ever y instance ther e seems to have been an access by means of a stone causeway (1 or 2 yar ds in width and 20 to 30 in l ength) entir ely ar tificial and not straight but mor e or less cur ved . It woul d appear that much gr eater impor tance w as placed upon th e easily defen sible natur e of this causeway than u n th e alls of h f r lf po w t e o t itse . Associated with a few of th e Dun s al r eady descr ibed ar e

ial f i i in s c ea ur s r f r n ma r ie ma . pe t e , to wh ch e e e ce y b fly be de W th the centr e of the other wise totally r uin ed D un Balaph etr ish in

ir e is a uil ell wi s e s l a in n and w i in T e , b t w , th t p e d g dow ; th the outwor ks of Dun Mor Vaul is a small er well ; whil e in at least two other cases similar pr ovision for water - supply is n oticeable

l se at an A ain in un s— a at Bala h etr ish us c o h d . g , two D th t p , j t m n i n e and D un Coir bidh in ll— r e ar e in a ase dis e t o d, Co the e ch c

in r aces of a nar r a a u s ee es si e e i en l t ct t ow p thw y p the t p w t d , v d t y

r a subsidiary access quite apa t fr om th e r egul ar main entr an ce. 1 64 SPECIAL FEATURES

i r seem be l ar and In thr ee or four nstances the e to c e ed,

en uar a r a es in nn i n i uns. is h as ev g ded, pp o ch co ect o w th D Th

a Dun Borbaidh in C ll and is s r a l i been n oted t o , ob e v b e w th

a r and Dun na Cleite in ire sp ecial distin ctn ess at Dun Bi de T e, whil e slighter indications of a similar pass occur n ear Dun Beg

Vaul . — ' R - r s Dun Cr uit ofi un a in Treshnish Two ock Fo t , L g the — sl s and a u n Eil an u ir . 1 6 a ar I e , th t po e D bh (T ee, No ) ppe to

- D n r uit in e have been fur nished with r ude draw bridges. u C de d is so pr ecipitous that such a mode of ac cess seems to be the

nl ne i l o y o poss b e. Atten tion may also be drawn to ear thwor ks or scr eens at

en s of Cliad C ll . and an er near both d Loch ( o , No to oth

h l n Dun in c l and als th e t e Is a R athilt l . d Lo h (Co , No o to long under gr oun d passage tr aditionally as sociated with Dunan

Ni h ean ir ee . g (T , No As to th e date of er ection of the var ious typ es of Duns in

C ll and ir e all a can b e fini el s a is a e o T e , th t de t y t ted th t th y (or at least most of them) ar e appar ently of n ot later or igin

an eri of th e rs u a i n of e r i es i th the p od No e occ p t o the H b d , wh ch 1 in A D . 1 266 is is e i n andinavian ceased . . Th v de ced by the Sc — names associated to the pr esent day with several such as DU N

ANL AIMH in ll in nan Cinn eachan l of the Co ( Loch , the och

’ ea n ra i i n al s nn in an Ola i DUN ACHA h the , t d t o o co ect g f w th )

DU N u man D U N Is ms and DUN O'r rm all in ir e a ar H , , , T e ; p t fr om th e generic Norse bor g r epr esented in BOBBAID H and

1 Whil on oth e th e er hand h e ma te a i era. , , t y y da back to bout (or before) th e Chr stian

1 66 NORWEGIAN BORGS

In Nor way itself ther e exist a number of stone for ts (kn own as Bygdebor ge) somewhat similar to Borgarvir ki and cer tam an ien al u it es n a ar a an fini e r i is c t, tho gh do ot ppe th t y de t pe od ass ne m ig d to the . But in deed it seems in every w ay most pr obable that th e

e r i an uns r e r of a na i e race and had een H b de D we the wo k t v , b

in n ral at l as ere e r i r m r e or less con ( ge e , e t) ct d p o to the o tin uous min a i n or semen ma a a en do t o by the N , who y h ve t k

ss ssi n of ese f r s and u i m but ul s ar el po e o th o t occ p ed the , wo d c c y have per mitted such strongholds to be constr ucted by the r ace

r or r aces whom they held un der thei yoke. The conjectur e logically follows that most of th e Duns in these islands h ad been built either befor e or at a per iod coin cident ‘ i h f a D 00 t e firs f r a s of th e i in s o a u A . . 8 w th t o y V k g , d te bo t ,

ielmzka or nlei a ela e 1 88 - 1 881 ar - k of th e Icelandic Anti uarian o iet f ffi g , 0 (Ye boo q S c y),

in A - m dem erken beo fin MOW 882 . a or 1 30 80 . g, Mf , pp

Al th ou h some of th e He rid ean Fo t ma er ha h ve n uil t the Nor m n g b r s y p ps a bee b by se e .

As to eriod such an h othesis oul d rel e nd th le o in of th ese Dun until p , yp w me y xte e p ossib rig s

the first half of th e thir teenth centur It must ackno l in makin this cav t th at y. be w edged, g ea ,

3 In th e Icelandic Sagas are record ed tw o temporary Norse occupations of the Broch of

Mouse Mose ar - or in h e l in t w ( yj b g) S t and at an interval of some 250 years. The first da e as ’ ca. A . D . 900 and th e second on. a n 1 55 s rlm n a a a . and 1 6 1 , . 1 (Anderson O egi g S g , pp cxi

also Scotland in Pa an Time The I 200 g s, r on Age, pp: 4 Th Irish Sco e ts are said to have first invaded otland a out L . 3 the icts then Sc b .D 60, P ’ for min the inha itants of tain nor th of th d e l io tlan g b Bri e Forth an Clyd (Skene s Ce t Sco d,

second edn. vol. iii. . i r al o ot , p while t is gene ally agreed that the Dsl riads ( s Irish Sc s, CHR ONOLOGY OF THE DUNS 1 67 while the in ter vening dur ation of th e Nor se supr emacy (say ca 900- 1 00 . 0 until their final withdr aw al in 1 266) woul d exclude an la er dat for ir ri in y t e the o g .

is in seems r u l m a i l wi m n i n Th deed tho o gh y co p t b e th the e t o , 1 an ien annalis s of rts in ar i us dis r i s of lan . by c t t , Fo v o t ct Scot d

r er in imes a r a hin th e is r i r i find Mo eov , t pp o c g h to c pe od, we specific dates attached in th e Ir ish chr onicles to n otices of

ofEre m en th e Sons er an tl settled in th now coun t of Ar ll hir a out L D . 50 p y e ( ) y gy s e b . 6

ould naturall for tif th em el es e e i l n h r h ere i d eed e find w y y s v , sp c al y o the wester n s o e, w n w

most of th e D uns.

A still earlier alth ou h erha s entir el l e endar eo le named the N bol —a ( g p p y g y) p p , g

- i th e land small dark race is sad to have preceded Picts in Ir eland . Expell ed from Ire b another tri e the Tuatha D e D am o n the occu ied art o th de until dr iven y b , , y p p f e Hebri s,

least interestin to note that th e site of an ancient fort in Kilda is kno n a Dun g St. w s ’ Fhir bol Shane s Celtic Scotland vol. i. . 1 73 The Annals o the Four Masters g ( , pp f

val of th e Mil e n or d n i the arri sia s Scots in Irelan a a no mund 3500 or n o. 1 place s , 694

I i vol. i. . but ith out ur in this remote anti uit th ere can little uestion ( b d , p , w g g q y, be q

' — In th e An n Isles (ofi th e Galway coast) are two ver y large and elaborate forts Dun

or — hi tradi n s i n a da of th cent r A D Dun Aengus and Dun Con to w ch tio a s g s te e first u y . mentione and—a ain to oll o l d our onl r ol in t. ilda has ust een d f e en Fhi b g, S K , j b , g w g , y — auth ority several sites of Duns or Forts in th e W est of Scotland which are refer red to a

n far distant from th e hr n r still he id entified . f h on period ot C istia e a, can O t esa e is

t leat in S e said to named after i wh o there condu t a Dunekaith (a S ky ), be Seatha d h c ed ’ t r ch ool and educated the five randsons of athbad a Dr uid of the Pi of mili a y s g C , cts Ul ster ,

viz. Cuch ullin the three sons of Uisneach and Conall Cearnach. Associated ith th e la , , , w st

o ill u on one of the v l och d i th ns named is Dunch n p Gar e Isles, an w th e so of Uisneach the

rth sid e of Loch E v d o n ll of Boeoe) on the no ti e, an , m re incide ta y, Dwnadd and D untr oon,

at D un ai ka or Castle Swan in Kna dale Ibid. vol . iii. 1 2 The e Grinau, and S l s ( ) p ( , pp . 7 s are of course from Fingalian legends. 1 68 CHRONOLOGY OF THE DUNS

The earliest of these

’ ellum uin - l an no 598 and B D bo g, ,

’ llum uin - Ceithim anno 629 als Be D , ( o a ar en l h r efer r is si es b ut f ll w in pp t y bot to I h t , the o o g

’ ell um uin - l b 678 B D oc o ,

’ Obsessio uin - Baitte 680 D ,

’ Obsessio uin - Foith er 681 and a ain 694 D , ( g , )

’ Obsessio uin - Att et uin - D uir n 683 D , D ,

’ llum uin - Nechtain 686 Be D ,

’ m us i ul a- amen uin - Ollai h 686 as al s Co b t o T D g , , o

m us i uin Onl ai h 698 Co b t o D g ,

’ Destr uctio uin Onlai h a u l a 701 D g p d Se b ch,

’ D un - Ollai h con str uitur a u Selbacum 7 1 4 g p d ,

’ s io D un - D u 92 Obe s ea ae, 6

’ Obsessio Aber te a u Selbachum 1 2 p d , 7 ; . seem in ever y case to b e identified with Scottish (and sever al of 1 m i s S i l ali i the w th We t cott sh) oc t es. — Having r egar d to th e histor ical facts and legendary tr aditions

1 ’ - Reeves Adamnan . 372 381 . Dun locho is cou led ith D if ad Eil ind i , pp p w o obv ously ’ Dun Boi te is su d to re nt un - h t the island of Jura. t ppose prese D heat in Cai hn eg and

- un n v r ot - t D un Faith” , D otter ear Stoneha en, o Fortevi in Perthshire Dun At and D an

Duir n are evidentl D un - add near th e Crinan Canal and D undur n in Perthshire D un . y , ; Nechtan seems to he Dun nichen in Forfarshire ; while D un Ollaigh is almost cer tainl y

Dunoll near O an th e chief str on h old of th e Cinel Lear n or race of orne ith h om y b , g L , w w Colum a was closel allied irth ein th e randson of ll dau hter of Loam M St. b y by b , b g g c g or ,

el ach ein tenth in d ent m th e last named Aber te is su o ed to be u v rt (S b b g esc fro ) . pp s D na e y

Kint and Tul a Aman to re resent - ond in P r t hir Th n r Tulli Al m e hs e. ese d i an i y e, p etal s d ’ ’ ntifi tions are entirel cited fr om k n tic Scotland and Reeves ide ca y S e e s Cel Adamnan ,

here th e uotations are nearl all from th e Annals o Ulster ith tw o or fr w q y f , w three om

1 70 THE DUNS NATIVE IN ORIGIN

ismissin is su and min m re on nial fa ts D g th bject, co g to o c ge c , most of th e Duns in 0 011 and Tir ee ar e close to th e western sh or es

f i lan A n ot unr as na l inf r n e is a o these s ds. e o b e e e c th t the — occupants expected their foes fr om seawar d whether fr om l — r lan or r a . ur er th e uns m r es iall u n I e d No w y F th , D o e pec y p o

s s r s—as a r ul s an in a n inu us ain eac the we t ho e e t d co t o ch , h within view of the next ; so n otably in deed that in several

' instances a fr esh site has been discover ed by sear chin g a head lan e n f r s al r a n n but s r u b it fr m d b twee two o t e dy k ow , ob t cted y o

l n i an in ter change of signa s. If a y such commun cation r eally

ist it w as ssi l m ans offir e—s in sm b d a ex ed, po b y by e how g oke y y, i i i or am n . s me is ra i nar one h il e fl e by ght Th thod the t d t o y , w

e it also app al s to the sense ofthe pr obable. Sever al Dun s in both

ll an d Tir e ar e n ot in e i in full i of a r and Co e de d w th v ew e ch othe ,

in ea of se as s sm e or flames mi ell ha s r v d yet ch the c e , ok ght w ve e e as a warnin fr m on r g o e to th e othe . Apar t fr om the names of Norse der ivation which ar e still a a e se r al of uns the ar um n i tt ch d to ve the D , g e t (to wh ch we fr e l efer is a w a er eir aft r u a i n re e y d ) th t, h tev th e occ p t o , they we ’ ' f nati e i e. i i of f o . s or el i ri in . l\vo r ts i v , P ct h C t c, o g the o wh ch

i l n w e n e s ial s im n his a r vie . ot ce d pec te t o y to t , the pp oved, w

s ar e fir s th e Dun or uns in Cliad in ll er e The e , t, ( D ) Loch Co , wh , at a end of th e is a dis in l n and s r ai ar th e ch Loch, t ct o g t ght e

1 It is tr ue that th e h o l d here same olds go d with the west coast ofIre an , w enemies coul d

Th e Norsemen of the Viki time are said never to have erected stone forts at hom ng e.

There indeed th e had a undance of ood but see 1 6 - 166 for Bor ar virki in Iceland , , y b w ; pp . 6 g , AN ESTIMATED POPULATION 1 71

r —sl u si e but a r u i in — l ar l as if a mas wo k oped o t d , b pt w th c e y k fr m u er ser i n Th e r instan e is in nn i n o o t ob vat o . othe c co ect o

i un an Ni h ean in ir e r e er e is sai a w th D g T e, whe th d to h ve

’ been a narr ow un dergr ound passage fr om close to th e Dun s

n r an e fir s r u a na ur al la er al faul in th e r n e t c , t th o gh t t t ock, the un r a san an of nsi er a le r esen size and m r in de db k co d b p t , e e g g — on th e shor e at a distan ce of some 200 yar ds fr om its com — mencement r u an r or th e same left in s r a a. th o gh othe , , c the t t

Dun Cruit—on un a on e of th e Tr esh n ish sl s—is L g , I e by its n i in i en all ur i us ame associated with th e Picts. It s c d t y c o to n ote that th e subjugation of th e Picts by Kenn eth MacAl pin in 844 so near ly coin cides with the fir st r ecor ded per man en t

cu a i n of Sudr s rs m n un r il oc p t o the ey by the No e e , de Ket

Flatnef ef r ear 852 , b o e the y . If w e take the Duns in Coll and Tir ee at about thirty in

a islan and all an av r a of r e famili s se i e ch d, ow e ge th e e to tho n

ll an d f ur in ir e avin r e ar ir r ela i e size Co o T e (h g g d to the t v ), a theor etic D un - popul ation of some 450 for Coll and 600 for

ir ee is easil e u u n th e assum i n a es f r s T y d d ced, po pt o th t th e o t

er simul tan l is s ems be n o e ssi w e eous y occupied. Th e to xce ve es ima e and ul i e oll for its un s al ne a en sus t t , wo d g v to C , D o , c

ui e uallin a of l e islan at r s n da and q t eq g th t the who d the p e e t y , similar ly in Tir ee woul d account for about on e- thir d of its a ual ul a i n i is m ara i l mu enser an ct pop t o , wh ch co p t ve y ch d th in ell fr m th e e ar a C . This calculation is al together apart o s p te occupan ts both of th e San dhills and of th e r emoter inland par ts of islan s mi ll a r a e an ual num r the d , who ght we gg eg t to eq be , 1 72 SECONDAR Y OCCUPATIONS although it is by no mean s cer tain that the San dhill dweller s r of al da e i f h f r we e coev t w th those o t e o ts. In the pr esent chapter it has alr eady been suggested that

s m at l eas of f ll an d ir r ann e o e, t, the Duns o Co T ee we e ex d — and occupied by the Nor wegian intruders this being al m ost

r v th e rs nam s i s er al s ill hear in a i i n p o ed by No e e wh ch ev t , dd t o

l al l n s n ernin in ll Dun A a an d D un to oc ege d co c g two Co , ch

Anlaimh . A ain it ms in v r w a r a l a m en of g , see e e y y p ob b e , th t — the br oken clans w h o ar e r ecor ded upon author ity as existing 1 «— in Coll in 1 587 would select the r emoter for ts as most convenient dwellings to affor d shelte r and a cer tain amoun t of

f nsi s ur i r n a ar a en de e ve ec ty. These b oken me ppe to h ve be sim l m ani s of fr ee r s n ir l e n r a of p y co p e boote , e t e y b yo d the e ch

n l e al au r i a ted th e i in rin i l e of the the g tho ty, who dop V k g p c p living at th e expense of those who wer e weaker than them

s l s. n e er can no u i n s m of th e uns e ve I d ed, th e be q est o that o e D

r inh a i e ll w i hin his r i we e b t d we t to c times .

See Cha ter v u. a 5 p p ge 9.

Scotland in Pa an Times The I r on A 2 - The latest distinct refer ence to g , ge, pp. 70 271 .

h ere vol. viii. . 522 it is recorded that Kin am v et himself in ear nest anno 1 608 w ( p ) g J es i. s ( ) to th e com lete su u ation of th e Hi hlands and sland virtue of a ro al commission p bj g g I s. By y , a small eet was des atch ed from A r in the s mer of that ear under ord Ochiltree and fl p y um y , L Andr ew Bish o of the I l e e rides from Isla to , p s s, to reduce to obedience th e clans in the H b y

” one under th e conduct of Sir Will iams t hnn The Advanta e uha behavis Sanc Jo e, callit g , q

over nm ent of Owns W enn th a ith other tua g e, ane follower of the other wi on e pynn ge w

ttie ie of m in o r Sco shipp y awne, togidder with ten barkis the whol e company being n mbo ’ scairsc n ne hundreth men w ho ut I id . 60 were wail y , (accord ing to a previous min e, b , p )

1 74 OBJECTS FOUND IN DUNS

is - n s and m r s iall th e sh ll s of th e F h bo e , o e e pec y, e

lim and er i in l re u uall f un i pet p w k e , we s y o d, w th

occasional oyster - shells and cr ab - claws ; but shell - fish do not seem to have for med so pr edomin an t an article of

as in diet in the Duns the Sandhill dwellings.

2 amm r s n s a r rn s n es of al or l n . H e to e w te wo to ov ob o g

al s a e an d r a l ar in in siz us as ov h p , g e t y v y g e , j t

a r fr m ac but i dis in mar s of g the ed o the be h, w th t ct k

use on one or en s s m im s an r m both d , o et e to ext e e

n an d asi n all u n s als . ess exte t, occ o y po both edge o L

fr uen l s s n s n of flattish f rm b ear eq t y the e to e , whe o ,

in n a i ns in n r of ir si s as if ause de t t o the ce t e the de , c d

ir use as ammers u n m e al his l r by the h po t c e s. Othe wise the hammer ston es seem chiefly to have been

in in r employed poun d g. Sometim es a la ge gr oup w as — — found with or without th e mar ks of use which

r e si ns of fir e avin vi en l e n rais a bo g , h g e d t y b e ed to i high temperatur e. In th s conn ection the r easonable explanation is offer ed that they h ad been used for heating water in l ar ge ear thenwar e vessels by being

nl i l m r - in ser ted ther ein . O y a s ng e ham e stone (see Plate

in can be n as ar in at all a ar an e fac g p. 8) oted be g the ppe c of a weapon ; this is symmetrically shaped an d bevelled

n i All the of at the base o both s des. others seem to m have been pur ely domestic imple en ts. Fr agments of a coarse pottery (always un glazed) are very

mm n u no m l ssel was f un and co o , tho gh co p ete ve o d,

OBJE CTS FOUND IN DUNS 1 7 5

onl on f r i in w m i In y e o undoubte d Dun o g as et w th.

s m as s r th e i es er suffi ien l lar e o e c e , howeve , p ec w e c t y g to

s th e size and sh a of the ss l e i n l in how pe ve e , v de t y two

ins an s res m lin l of a small in - lass and t ce e b g the bow w e g , f h in a hir a s all saucer . st o t e er t d, h ow Mo pott y

— ' — en tirely plain apar t fr om a ver y simple r im but a

r var i f a r ns w as als f un ran in fr m ea o . g t ety p tte o o d, g g o

cr u st r ow of r i s f r m the uman fin er the de dge , o ed by h g

nail zi - za r n am n and en asi n al a em s , to g g o e t ev occ o tt pt

imi a th e fern leaf i ui e e i nall at to t te , w th (q t xcept o y,

r idh in ll fi ur f s com Dun Bo ba Co ) the g e o a tag. The

m n s a t r ns ar e in s r t lin s sim l or r ss o e t p t e ho e , p e c o ed ,

in is s m small s ar l su as a flin a in c ed by o e h p too , ch t, po ted

n or m tal in . se a rns ar e all indented bo e, e p The p tte , b ut ther e is an other r arer class with r aised or n ament

(always new the r im) usually in the form of a zig - zag

r n f a m n of a lain was f un i o wave. O e r g e t p pot o d w th a well shaped perfor ation near ly an in ch below the lip of

ess l e i n l a mi a r u e r or andl the v e , v de t y to d t d co d h e by

which it could be car r ied or suspended.

4 Small water - w om pebbles (very plentiful in many of th e Duns) aver aging about half an inch to one in ch in

m r or l n As use of s dia ete e gth. to the the e we can

- onl y suggest that they may have been sling stones.

lin is rar in un s ui n r ar th e as of 5 . F t e the D (q te co t y to c e the San dhill dwellings) and always in the form of

small n ul s or a i s n r suficientl s a od e fl ked p ece , eve y h ped 1 76 OBJECTS FOUND IN DUNS

eser e the n ame of s r a er s n e e seem to d v c p . I d ed th y

r a er ear the har a r of s r ik - li lin s er e th to b c cte t e ghts. F t w

obser ved at onl y about one- fifth of th e whole of th e Dun s

n oted.

la - r l 6 ne s an r r l r e unear e . . O te who d one potte y who we th d W e kn ow definitely of thr ee mor e of th e latter havin g

e is r an d a e h a r f r l ers n e e d e r s o se e a . be d cov d, h v po t v oth

mall i f ne i li in 7 . es o s a e e er r un e a S p ec h p d bo , th o ded k p ,

or s uar ed an d en r u a in But se q th b o ght to po t. the

are er s r Al s a sin l e ne l r u its v y ca ce. o g bo ho ed th o gh

i er end th ck .

f f m n f m 8. A er ew r a s o u r r e me al ie if v y g e t ch co od d t (ch fly,

n ot n ir el ir n of in e er min a e f rm e i e t y, o ) too d t t o to d c de

eir ur ses et l ear l s a ser e s me s e ial th p po , y c y h ped to v o p c

e . ur er b ut er r ar el n ul es of ir n or e obj ct F th , v y y, od o , each of somethin g like an oun ce in

’ Compar ing th e above r ew mé of th e Dun r elics with the

r r s n in r sul s fr m th e an ill s w e h er find co e po d g e t o S dh , t e

- — 1 . i en mi n as s n s and s ells the la er in K tch dde he , bo e , h tt

r ea a un an g t b d ce.

- 2 . ammer s on s of m dium er lar e size ar e ui H t e , e to v y g , q te

mm n as in th un as co o e D s.

er is ver len iful mu of it of a some a arser 3. Pott y y p t ; ch wh t co

ma e n ainin m r r i and small s nes an a k , co t g o e g t to th th t

of th e uns. a t r ne fr a men s ar e ui s ar an d D P t e d g t q te c ce, th e few varieties of design ar e mainly of a slight and

OBJECTS FOUND UPON SANDHILLS 1 77 — simple nature mer e r ows of ver y small indentations or

lin s or small r in s as if ro u ll s m e , g p d ced by the ho ow te

of a r ush.

5 . lin s ar e a un an ur r in at e r one of th e an F t b d t, occ g ve y S d

hill i es an d f lin - kn s r u n l in lu in s r a rs. i es t , eq e t y c d g c pe F t v

ar e un mm n an d l r - r n i n a r a s e . co o , o y two ow he d we ot ced

One l - n w as f un ho ed bo e o d .

um s of ir n sla ar e n ot r ar e as als fr a m n s of L p o g , o g e t

r u r i e Th same im r an ann s tc . e c w o ght vet , po t e c ot, how

e er a ac s as to me al fr m th e uns v , be tt hed to the e t o D , sin ce they may be r elics of th e Viking period super

im se u n the r li r u i n of th ill po d po ea e occ pat o e Sandh s. l 9 . e er a ne and r z i n n l r S v bo b on e p ns. O e eedl e an d a a ge

in w ll - s a fr m ne an d f un n ar bodk , both e h ped o bo , o d e

a erne er w as n at nl f ur uns in ll but P tt d pott y oted o y o D Co , at l ir m e even in T ee. To so e extent it w as found to occur upon alm all the an ill si s in i l ost S dh te both s an ds. A small pr opor tion of th e potter y may r epresent fr agments of s ul ral ur ns of i n n e ar e kn n e is in ep ch , wh ch o ow to x t conn ection ‘ wi so la e a er i as r n A e e si s in c la th t p od the I o g d po t S ot nd.

1 W in Pa an Br om and t m A a M S o . 3. g g , p CHAPTER XVI

THE NORWEGIAN OCCUPATION OF THE HEBRIDES

i m . in s r i u n PR OFESSOR P A. MU NCH h s o t val uable t eat se po The Chr onicle Of Man and the Sudr eys assigns to th e Scottish

’ e r i es Sudr e ar or s u er n isl es an im r an lac in H b d ( yj , o th ) po t t p e th e ear lier a es of r ian is r as ha in f rme p g No weg h to y, v g o d ‘ l ’ 1 ‘ r u 1 at A . D 09 if n fo abo t 70 year s east . 8 ot

’ f r u a ime ca 80 a ar of th e r o do ble th t t ( . 8 p t No se

kin m. mus in admi a as th e ear lier gdo It t deed be tted th t, to

lf of las - men i n er i is c u a i n w as ie ha the t t o ed p od, th o c p t o ch fly an un s l one s m ha as ual and ir r e ular in its na ur e ett ed , o ew t c g t , and attributabl e r ather to th e Nor se pir ates or vikin gs than to

i r l th e in f r a any systemat c cont o by k gs o No w y .

an ien a as or is ries of r a lan an d The c t S g ( h to ) No w y, Ice d,

r ne n ain man r ief r ef r n s our e r i es but ese O k y co t y b e e ce to H b d , th ar e usually so in cidental and fr agmen tary that littl e of any

fini e na ur is l an e ei r n r nin s ifi l ali i s de t t e to be g e d the co ce g pec c oc t e , or as to details of the in vasions or th e gener al occupation of

’ h as e n r i er s en ea ur in l u e these islands. It b e the w t d vo to c d

1 Th chronicles indeed until about th e time of Ki Harald Harfa i ese , , ng gr (ca. 853 seem

and to n m r to be mere legends, co tain almost as uch myth as histo y.

1 80 NORSE SE'ITLERS

a m r r lu e ir h r i In 80 e l o e e e p e d to the furt e in curs ons. 7 th y dg d

ms l s in n r of r elan and in 852 laf. th e Whit the e ve the o th I d, O e

u lin an d firml es a lish himself as in in a die took D b , y t b ed k g th t

r ie . Al u r ar e r a es a u his r i ofa r ian t t tho gh the e t c , bo t t pe od, No weg

mi ra i n Sudr e s it w as not until aft r a le of e g t o to the y , e the b tt

H f r - r e a u st ord ca. 883 n in ar al Har fa ri tlw air hai d j , , whe K g H d g ( f ) consolidated all Nor way in to one monar chy by subduin g th e

e in s or ar ls an d als in a e r i s of th e all r s p tty k g j , o v d d the ght od e or fr l ers a in heir lan s a the ner al immi ra i n eeho d by t k g t d , th t ge g t o commen ced which r esul ted in the mor e thor ough Norse occupation of th e ri s r i r kn e lan th e ar s and Heb de , togethe w th O y, Shet d , F oe ,

n hi an even Icelan d. Large number s of th e disconte ted c efs d

heir f ll ers fled un r and r f ss r un s iall t o ow the co t y, P o e o M ch pec y n es a of f ur un r r in i al se l rs fir s di i e ot th t the o h d ed p c p tt e , who t v d d

elan een hem ca 80- 9 r ea es and m st Ic d betw t ( . 8 the g t t o

r ful did not mi ra t i her ir e fr m r wa but fr m powe e g te h t d ct o No y, o 2 th e Sudr e s m n is m s in r s in and . il e is a e y Wh th st t e t o t te e t g, cer tainl y to some lar ge extent corr ect as concerns the Hebr ides (an d especially in r egar d to th e childr en of Ketil Flatnef as is after ar s n it can ardl u a th e r n s and w d oted) , h y be do bted th t O k ey Shetlands woul d all al ong be a chief base of operations for the out la su s of r a s nn i n i h s n r er n wed bject No w y, who e co ect o w th t e e o th islands w as of a mor e complete an d perman ent natur e than their compar atively par tial occupation an d con tr ol of the Sudr eys.

1 ‘ ’ ‘ ’ In lic Amhl shh or d ded th sam famil n Harald Gae , Anlaimh ; escen fr om e e y as Ki g ‘ ’ Harfa ri r kne in a a a . xxi . His father was Kin I i lld n of Hel i g (O y g S g , p ) g ng a , so g ’ ’ ' - Dasent s Burn t N el vol . i. . l and ohnstone s Anti m tata Gotta M ew . ( i , p J q , p Mun h i c , p. ii . NORSE SETTLER S 1 81

r l ss ils ma in is fair and m er a n essi n a Neve the e , wh t k g th od te co c o th t the Hebr ides did not at any per iod contain lar ge and lastin g ’ c l nies but ra er an un er ain and u ua in ul a i n of o o , th c t fl ct t g pop t o

or semen and a the na i e Cel i el emen w as ne er en ir el N , th t t v t c t v t y

’ a s r e the r e ian se ler s as in r n e et it is not b o b d by No w g tt O k y, y to be denied that r eal and lasting settl ements wer e made in many par ts of th e wester n islands and that th e pr edominant

’ influen e w as on th e si e of th e r ians il e th e aeli c d No weg , wh G c population r emain ed always the lar ger elemen t and their language l ie s n Th e m m r s na l e ch fly poke . above see s to be a ost ea o b

i ofth e ma er an d m rel in fer s a m ar a i l small v ew tt , e y th t the co p t ve y in ducemen ts for per man ent settl emen t (on accoun t of th e tr iflin g

r r i n of ara l s il and th e eneral a s n e of im r in p opo t o b e o g b e c t be ,

is r i im s at l as r e en e th e lan in ofan lar e l nies h to c t e e t) p v t d p t g y g co o ,

nd at th e m e r ll a sa im th e assimil a i n of nati es. n e a , e t e, t o the v G y s ea in it ma saf assum a th e e r i es w r el p k g, y be e to e th t H b d e e h d

a few l adin r semen and eir f ll er s suffi i n nsur e by e g No th o ow , c e t to e

r th e maintenan ce of th e for eign yoke and to collect t ibute .

fir s r min en t r e ian s ler s name a ar s in The t p o No w g ett , who e ppe the e r i es is il Flatnef la - n se in man a s a er H b d , Ket (F t o ), y w y v y

1 r N al vol. i l Munch . v and x ii e Sudre s Bu n t . . c xxxiv v i. Dasent sa s of th , pp y , y ( j , p , ), ‘ To this day the name of almost every island on th e west coast of Scotland is either pur e ’ orse or Norse distor ted e ori inal inhabitants ere not ex elled but N , and that, whil the g w p held in onda e as hrall v d el t and d elt thickl u on th em b g t s, the Norsemen must ha e w , w y p too,

n ueror and l ’ as co q s ords.

k in hi vol . 31 2 identifies Ketil Fla S ene s Celtic Scotlan d, second edition, . i. p , tnef

’ 64 the on h t from B orn Ketil s father ere descended p. 1 , makes sweeping asserti t a j ( ) w 1 82 KETIL FLATNEF in r in h te est g person age . He ad been a man of impor tan ce at

m as th e son of rn una a l r of n in es r n ho e, Bjo B , o d Sog W te

r fr m r r a not fa e en . all ac unts mus a e No w y, o B g By co he t h v established himself in the Sudr eys for a consider able time befor e

fir s e i i n hi er of in aral Har fa ri hi the t xped t o t th K g H d g , w ch, al u r ni l un as in or a u 870 ul s em tho gh ch o c ed by M ch bo t , wo d e m r n a ur all be lace s me ears l a r — a is sa a ter o e t y to p d o y te th t to y, f 1 aral h ad me his i r of Hafur s or d ca. 883 H d beco (by v cto y fj , )

r f r A il Flatn f mas o all a . r din on e s a m n e e te No w y cco g to t te e t, K t w as sen t by Kin g Harald to th e Hebr ides to chastise some Vikings who h ad there taken up their abode but a mor e

' pr obable version of th e stor y runs to th e eflect that Ketil emigrated fr om Nor way to the Sudr eys because of his obn oxious “ in Be is i d marrie ne of n ss . as t ma e il ha o e to the k g th y, K t d his au er s Aud D u aud a th e e l w eal in d ght , j p g ( de p y thy) to K g

’ Olaf th e White at about th e per iod of the latter s victor y at

A. D In nn i n th e mar r i of an r Dublin ( . co ect o with age othe

1 - Kin arald Harfa r i was orn a out 85 and died ca. 933 936 . Sken e wh o iv g H g b b 3, ( g es th e former date a solutel la the attle of Hafur ond in the ear 883 Celtic Scot a b y) p ces b sfi y ( l nd, ’ T but kene s chronolo a vol. i. his attl e is l i ned to a n. 872 S p . b usualy am g , gy ppear s

Munch 33 from th La e , p . , e nd m nabok.

3 from th e M Lazdalasa a. , g

4 M h ment seems to be a roximatel corr K So sa s unc . xi and his state ect ear y , p , pp y y,

2 3 and 440 mentions that laf th e W hite ruled the coast settlements in Ireland over pp . 9 , O ,

r m and Dance alike n - n d u h - Gaill and that th e Ir ish kin s them lve No se en (Fin Gai an D b ), g se s

ai him tri ute . The same auth or it records . 1 65 that in th e Ir ish hronicles th p d b y , p , C , e ’ Vikin are vario l d escri ed as ea- ro ers Gentiles heath en aill forei n r gs us y b S bb , ( ), G ( g e s), ’ - io l hl n la e en . This latter desi nat n aso occur in th e rides or Loc an ( k m ) g s Heb .

K Olaf th e White and And th e ver ealth had one son Th orstein the Red ith ing y w y , , w ’ ther 8 2 Mch . x ud ail ed to her relatives in the fa d th . un whom, upon his s ea , ca 7 ( , p ), A s

1 84 KETIL ’ S FAMILY

ac as fir st isi in th e Sudr e s er e in 884 rn Eastman e h c e v t g y , wh Bjo

f un Hel i B ola and Aud his fa r in en d ew an d o d g j ( the be g th ),

’ r main e i em for in ers —but is us d e d w th th two w t , d g te by the

1 in lan 886 for Ice d. ’ e il Flatnef had r r s Hra and Hel i. fir K t two b othe , pp g The st

nam had a son Or l w as uca e is a r i in ed yg, who ed t d by B hop P t ck

th e Sudr e s. Orl als sail for lan r vi th e y yg o ed Ice d, p o ded by

is it im er s me nse r a e ear and an ir n ell i b hop w h t b , o co c t d th, o b , w th

r u i i Coluniba inst ct ons to build a chur ch ded cated to St. at a

l full r i is w as ul arr i out at Es ub r p ace y desc bed . All th d y c ed j e g upon lan ds given to Or lyg by his cousin Helgi Bjola (son of Ketil

‘ ‘ Flatnef wn lar e is ri in th e es of celan ) who o ed a g d t ct w t I d.

’ hin is n n ofKetil s la r ars a di in Not g k ow tte ye , except th t he ed the

Sudr e s f r e 884 ile it is s a a all ofhis il r en su h y be o , wh t ted th t ch d , c ‘ er t r r esi en i h h im had a is iani as e r . H w he e d t w t , dopted Ch t ty is

au r Aud s ems r ainl a ec me a ris ian as w e d ghte e ce t y to h ve b o Ch t , r a of er e ion ofa r ss her at th e la e of her e i ns e d the ct c o by p c d vot o ,

’ a l an d r e i i us r o in the fr n of th e m un ain his bo d p c p to ck, o t o t , t

1 1 1 0 B o had remain ed in or wa Celto 8 ; . j m N y afier

’ of th e non - a ment of scat or more r l on account of the com l e defection of p y t, p obab y p te

Ketil Flatnef Sa a Libr ar vol ii. x xv 3 This was in or a out 884 ten ears after ( g y , . pp. , i, b , y

m of v l x first settl e ent l f m l. . 1 2 x i th e Ice and In olf son o Ibid . o vo ii. . by g 0 ( , i. p 9 ; l . pp , ’ Bjorn is suggested to have been th e only one of Ketil s chil dr en w h o did not renounce

' " ni m h e tl t hol o r h ol in B ar narhbfn est Iceland paga s ; set ed ca. 886 a Burg t r Bo gar t j (W )

was uried th ere e ide the e f Bor r 1 vol. ii. . 1 0 1 1 366 and b b s str eaml t o ga lmkr ( bid ., pp , , ,

3 - - Munch xi xii and xv . v lo ca d . 1 4 1 6. . I xi xv Cel n , pp , , . bid , pp , ; S , pp

Sa a Librar vol ii. . 1 0 g y , . p . KETIL’ S FAMILY 1 85 r ck in s ill n n arl in r s n n ur as Kr ss o be g t k ow , e y the p e e t ce t y, o 1 lum . r u Aud and her r r s r n an d el i B la ho Th o gh b othe Bjo H g jo ,

il w as an s r of r Ket the ce to many powerful Icelan de s. It may be taken as a fact that ther e w as a Nor se emigr a

i n of ikin s the Sudr e s n in uin for man ar s ef r t o v g to y , co t g y ye b o e the a l of Hafurst or d and h a s ar r i n ot nl th e b tt e j , t t the e h ed o y

es er n isl s but also ir ar nt un r in th e summ r w t e , the p e co t y e im hi t e. It w as this latter fact w ch pr ovoked King Har ald ’ Har fa ri s firs i a r sul in th a an i n c . in e a g t exped t o , e t g pp ge of r ne e lan and the e ri s th e r e ian r n O k y, Sh t d, H b de to No w g c ow for nearl r l ma ft n y four centuries thereafter . The cont o y o e

a een lax or n in r r u t but laim of n ues h ve b , eve te p ed, the c co q t and a cer tain amount of supremacy wer e n ever abandon ed until

the n n i n f r a an d Al e an r 1 1 1 . co ve t o between Magnus Iv . o No w y x de ’ of lan in 1 26 6 as a nse u n e of in a n s ill - fa Scot d , co q e c K g H ko ted

’ - Hend erson s I cel and vol. 11 80 8 t Seand . 21 . See The Sa a o Kin , . pp . , 1 Cel a , p g f g

o I ic b Mur iel A . C. Pr ss On the th er hand Lac dala a a Translated r om th e celand e , S g , f y ,

1 8 e re l or Unn ith a an rites a n . 920. 99 (p. xp ss y descr ibes th e burial of And ( ) w p g , — Th e ame t r 5 da i f etil Flatnef to Scotland as L D . 890 in s ranslato (p. ) tes the emigrat on o K ,

i i a ro o al of on 3) that Ketil gave as his reason for decl n ng p p s his s s,

B orn and Bel i in favour of Ic nd e reference to o west over th e sea for j g , ela , th p g , ’ there he had harried far and id — lainl inferrin earlier visits to the Sudre s efore w e, p y g y b

as to hich The Sa a L ibr ar Morris an Ma nu son and Dasent in Bur nt N al seem w , g y ( d g s ), , j , da to remain the highest auth orities so ventur esome as to enter much into tes.

’

Flats ar bok uoted in Orkne in a Sa a 203 also Sa a Libr ar vol . iii. . 1 1 3. w , q y g g , p . ; g y, p

82. p . 1 1 86 PAGANISM AND CHRISTIANITY

en ur And n hen is r a mad e at r th e v t e. eve t by th t e ty Pe th , Isle of Man and th e Sudr eys (Or kn ey an d Shetland bein g specially excepted fr om th e cession ) wer e only given up in consid eration of a ear l a men of 1 00 m r s in er e ui y y p y t e k , p p t ty to the King of Nor way or his r epr esentatives at Kir kw all

a r al i in th e ta e of th e na i i of . n th e C thed , w th oc v t v ty St Joh 1 Baptist.

In r ard to r li i n man of th e rse se l r s in th e eg e g o , y No tt e

Sudr e s had urin the la er alf of th e nin n ur a te y , d g tt h th ce t y , ccep d ’ hr is iani un r i f ul seem a C t ty de the nfluence o Iona. It wo d th t the n ew faith became par tially spr ead among the Nor thmen in

r i es at l eas a en ur ef r e its a i n in r w a the Heb d t c t y b o dopt o No y,

r ss er at in of the s r in lafTr wason p e ed th e , the po t wo d , by K g O ygg u n m s un illin n lan n er s A . D . 995 I po o t w g co v t , to Ice d, on 24th une 1 000 th e Al in r laim h r is iani as a J , th g p oc ed C t ty law of the lan mmandin in a di i n elief in th e r ee d, co g, d t o to b c d ‘ of th e Trini all men l ea 0 8 i l - r s i not e ose ty, to ve do wo h p, xp

’ ildr n r is and not eat h orseflesh un er nal of ch e to pe h, , d the pe ty ‘ u la r for n r o t w y ope transg ession .

1 oh o- N man - C or . 52 55 Munch 2 , pp ; , p. 1 3 .

St. Colum a settled at I in 5 ns a n 63. b o . 3 This Olaf Tr son hen n one f vik - v before ecomin ki of yggu , w upo o his ing oyages b g ng

Nor wa had een a tized th e monk of ill 3 and was th encefor th a y, b b p by s Sc y in a n . 99 ,

ealous ro a andist of Chri tianit It i o be n tha ut th e ear 8 Iona was z p p g s y. s t oted t abo y 9 6 rava ed th e Norsemen A u inv nnals o Ulster oted in Colle tanea . 266 26 the aders g by ( f , q e , pp , 7, ein th ere call ed D b g anes) .

Dassnt of h orse

h eathen altars.

1 88 VIKING BUR IAL S

In th e sam w a it ma sur mi a in a di i n to e y, y be sed, th t d t o

ur n - ur ials s in s or m un — h e ikin it his b t b , tho e how o ds t v g w h shi or rse and ar m ur or i er — had en p, ho o , w th both togeth be disc n inu u in a is r i . In er r s a o t ed by bo t th pe od oth wo d , th t the

Sudr e s er su a an urials or i n of use of r s y , wh e ch p g b s g s the ho e

s as f are f un se ma a r ima l assi n to fle h ood o d, the y pp ox te y be g ed a ri r i us to l n pe od p ev o the e eventh ce tur y.

his is a m s iffi ul in sin in ar ae l no s ar T o t d c t po t, ce ch o ogy h p lin es of emarca i n ar e f un old r a i s ein ft n d t o to be o d , p ct ce b g o e f ll l n after eir n r mal r a But th e ar li r vi in s o owed o g th o e . e e k g had fr m th e nin n ur se le in th e Sudr e s r o th ce t y tt d y , whe e the n ai ew f th had already been in vogue since th e time of St.

in a shi but al a s in a cham er formed of tim o er hich earth and ravel p, w y b ber or stone, v w g

- ere il ed. A last dut of the r iest was to in d h ll shoon u on th e feet of the dead w p e y p b e p , ’ in hich th e should walk in V l l to cham ered - cairns ahala. w y On the other hand, as b ,

Dr . ose h And erson in roc. Soc. no that the mmon P Anti . Scot. vol. xii. 34 347 tes co J p q pp. 6, ,

In the Stor o E il Shalla r imss n 2 record ed the bur ial on o don . 1 4 is y f g g (L , p ,

wea ons and smith tools. This was in 33 i lf di ea. 983 he was p , y 9 . When Eg l himse ed, , laid with his ea ons and raiment in a se ul 1 9 Thr ee w p p chr al mound (Ibid , pp . 7, ship - burials have been discovered at Pierowall in Orkney Scotland in Pagan Times ( — - — The I r on A e . 57 In 1 891 a hu t n man shi and h orse was g , pp m burial includi g , p, found in sand - hill s at Kil oran Colo r i 61 A ain nsa P oc. So Anti . t vol. xxv . . , y ( c. q Sco ., pp g ,

c r di to the old - skeletons of a co n Stat. Acc. at rn i een unear th ed g , Co ag beg in Tiree have b

heav ronze in P r oc. Soc An i . t vol. 4 55 y b p ( . t q Sco . , x. pp. 55 , 5,

The N ew Stat. Ace v l f th e skel eton of a man xiv . i r o , o . . p 207, records the d scove y THE HEBRIDES IN THE SAGAS 1 89

ol um a a r i of r e un r e ar s an d it w as r om C b , pe od th e h d d ye , f these western islands that Chr istianity became w idely spr ead

A . 1 0. l in Nor way pr oper by D . 00 Heathen r ites would pr obab y thus cease much soon er in the ear lier - taught west than in the home - countr y itself There only r emains to notice some of th e mor e definite r efer ences to th e Sudr eys in those of th e Sagas of Or kn ey and Icelan d

hi ar e r ea il ac ssi le r u ran sla i n Of e il w ch d y ce b th o gh t t o s. K t

n f mil ca 2 n ar s sufici n n i Flat e and his fa y ( . 85 o w d ) e t me t on for ma our pur pose h as al r eady been de.

f r e the ar 880 E in Eas man s dau r Th ur ida Be o ye , yv d t (who e ghte mar r ied Thorstein th e R ed ) had his son Helgi th e Lean foster ed

’ in th e Sud r e s but the il s ndi i n en his ni name y , ch d co t o (wh ce ck ) after two year s w as so littl e to th e cr edit of those in char ge that 1 Hel i w as en rem Ir elan . is in i ent u l i g th oved to d Th c d , co p ed w th

’ Helgis after mar r iage to Th orunna Hyr na (a double bond with

famil of e il Flatnef ul ar ue s me dis in nn i n the y K t ) , wo d g o t ct co ect o

n E in Eas man and th e r i s. Kol com betwee yv d t Heb de , the

’ ani n of Or l w as Ketil s ne e and h ad al s en p o yg (who ph w, o be foster ed in the Sud r eys) in his emigration to Iceland about the

ame er i is e i en l i en i al i th e Kol w as a frien s p od, v d t y d t c w th who d of Aud an d mar r ie Th or er d a au r of r s in th e Red , d g , d ghte Tho te , ’ l i - settling in Laxar d al near Br eid afj ord in Ice and . Th s Del a Kol w a an s r of an im r tan famil and ul seem a e s the ce te po t y, wo d to h v

1 MM . 24. , p 1 2 H moth r was Vedr a- Grimsun and he was kno n in Icelan . 9 2. is e d I bid , pp 1 5, 1 , , w as Dals pp . 1 9, 1 90 THE HEBRIDES IN THE SAGAS

u his r ela i n s i th e e ri es as ar of his ran kept p t o w th H b d , we he g d daughter Hal lger da (daughter of Hauskul d) having been fostered 1 a man of th e Sud r e s Thiostolf name but e er in th e by y , by , wh th

es rn isl in l i n o a w te es or Ice an d s t st ted .

ur in r ul of i ur Hlod ver son Di r i or th e u D g the e S g d ( g , Sto t

ar ] 0 - 1 0 4 i a as c of r ne ca. 98 1 r e w as n th e Sudr e s O k y, , the y

ri u ar ief nam Earl illi m Ear l i ur sen ar i t b t y ch , ed G , to who S g d t K , ‘ ’ 1 f lmund f - 9 son o So a er s a s. A ew ear s la er 989 9 3 , to g th c tt y t , , this Kar ijoin ed th e sons of Njal in a viking expedition to Wal es

and en the sl of Man in the urse of i e sle th to I e , co wh ch th y w “ un al or un an a son of r e in of Man . On ir D g ( D c ) God d, k g the

r e ur n a e ar s elan ldin n r fr m th e sl of t voy g tow d Ic d , ho g o th o I e

Man e ame ll Thad an held u their nor d r til Kola , th y c to Co (

er r i in a in dl el me fr m Ear l illi an d r emainin th e ece v g k y w co o G , g

T en m i ir fr ien l s s me ime it him. e a an e e o t w h h c , cco p d by th d y ho t,

n on to th e r n e s w er e n e s r in Ear l i ur of they we t O k y , h , xt p g, S g d

r ne a e his sis er er ei in mar ria e Ear l illi w h o O k y g v t N d g to G ,

o his r i e me i him th e e r i es Kar i and the s ns to k b d ho w th to H b d , o 15 of l c lan a Nja sailin g to I e d th t summer .

1 H Bur nt N vol . i. . 30. all erda m to en orn a out the ear 940. jal , p g see s have be b b y 1 b o ii. . 1 1 . I id . , v l. p 3 Accordin to Munch . 44 this was in but th e chronolo of th e Bur nt N al g , p , 989, g j , ii i vol. . . 3 40 vol. i. . cc ii and 9 oul d ive th da 3. p , pp , , w g e te as 99

1 l i 324 Mun f lo lls . . h 4 i n fi ln Koln ith the island o Co nsa R o vo . . c . 4 d ti , p , p , e es Ko or w y, but all other auth orities a ree that it wa now a it was in th e Se a da s g s Col]. Kiiln is , s g y

onl th en ithout the diceresis also the nam of Col o ne u n the Rhine The Sa a o ( y w ), e g , po ( g f

i Tr wason . 5 v re nted th K n g Olaf ygg , pp 7 , K ol as a proper name seems to ha e rep se bo

Nich olas and th e ad ective black the latter ein Norse j , b g . 5 R olls vol. i. . 324 Bur nt N al v l ii 4 Nereid is else here named a o 39 0. s , p ; j , . . pp. , w

Svanlau or Hvarflod in the Icelandic a d or Korml od in a Celtic form Ro l g , n as G ormflaith ( l s,

1 92 THE HE BRID ES IN THE SAGAS

n th e ar s 1 093 1 098 and in a nus Barele s I ye , , K g M g ( g ) of t w a ma e r e s ral di i ns the s rn islands No y d th e eve expe t o to we te , for th e ur se of nf r in his rul in s uar ers r it had p po e o c g e the e q t , whe e

r ea r m th e a e of his s c n a e in 1 098 become ve y w k . F o d t e o d voy g comes th e mor e complete subjugation of Or kney and th e Sudreys

i r On is c asi n in a nus to th e Nor w eg an th one. th o c o K g M g took

r i ner e Ear ls of r n e Paul an d Er lend and s nd p so s th two O k y ( ) , e in em r a left his un son i ur after w ar ds g th to No w y, yo g S g d ( sum amed Jor saldfani or Jer usal em - farer in command of these 1 i l nd h n h e hims lf r s u e is and s a s . T e ce e p oceeded o th to L w

‘ ' ’ with the use of the term vestr - vi as app1ying p eculiarly to piracies in Great Britain n h renc of the h l land llecta ea . and or s e iall with t e occur e o e hr and Ire (Co , p m e e p c y w p ase a i t la r in referen to h i a a Li r ar v l . v. . 27 a n. few mon hs te ce t is very exped tion (S g b y, o p ,

r the udre Th r might l ead us to regard Gr islo p ol la as somewhere in Ireland o S ys. e e is a

un r rude castl es but the ar ument i tted to be inconclusive tw o D s o , g s admi .

’ n fth a in F la o ma d i n e he Olaf s ext (twel ) b ttle was west et fird, which y es g ate it r the

nar ro at F tlar in e r t Pentland Firth or th e ws e th e Sh tlands. Of the thi teenth figh we read

et - 6 al o Sa a Libr ar vol. iv. . Thadan or Clo f bonun r all t sud s (G to Scand , p. 9 , s g y, p f f g

- til Ssliop olla, atti thar ar r osto ; thar eann hann borg tha er heiter Gunnoal dsboi g ; Ima m ’ ‘ thar talc han ar l r r ir r ed iani sr het Geir sidr —Thence snikil oc for n, oc J , s fy borg , , fared

laf south to Selio oll and there ave battle there wa a to n or castl e lar e and King O p a, g ; s w ( ) g

e no from hich l i half a etween Tim and ll i an island nam d unna Tir e, t far w , y ng w y b Co , s e G ,

’ on throu h the Straits of Gi raltar Norfi- sound into er usalem orld but in conse uence g b ( ) J w , , q

am chan ed his lans and returned to the north a ibr r vol . iv. . of a dre , g p (Sag L a y, p

King Olaf Hamld son died in 1 030.

1 th Ic ndic R olls vol . etc . t m Lj odhus in e ela ; , i. p. 69, I see s probable th at the name

the Stout and randfather o R vol. i xliii and liii the father of Sigurd , g f Thorflnn ( olls, . pp. , ) THE HEBRIDES IN THE SAGAS 1 93

1 is arr in r an d in i i and T r vist i U t, h y g both the e Sk d (Skye) y , wh ch

is th e a f rm for ir . is sai a nal an en Sag o T ee It d th t Do d B e, th r ulin in lan a r i in a nus a all s rn g Scot d, g eed w th K g M g th t the we te islan e n w i and mainl an ul ass in a ssel ds, betw e h ch the d he co d p ve

’

i r u er s i e s ul l n r a . er u n w th the dd h pp d, ho d be o g to No w y Th e po Kin g Magnus landed in Satir i (Kintyr e) and had a boat drawn ’ acr ss is mus an d h us ain l e of Kin r s u o the th , t g ed the who ty e o th ’ of a ar Kin a n in r in Sud r e s. In Tar ber t. Th t ye g M g us w te ed the y ’ ‘ f i lin in M cam 1 1 03 la son of r r an of an , O B t g, God ed C ow , k g , be e tributary r uler over th e Sud r eys (doubtless under the Nor w egian

in i ur Jor sala ar i son of a nus and n in u K g S g d f , M g co t ed his m ar a i l a ful r ei n for s a offift ar s one of co p t ve y pe ce g the p ce y ye , “ in fam m r l of r ll his daughter s mar ry g the ous So e ed A gy .

Munch . 43 and Rolls vol . iii. . 445 b oth tr eat Hl odcor as s non mous with Lewis alth ou h , p , , p , y y , g the first- named authorit elsewher e tes xix that w is nl an lteration of th e y sta (p. ) Le is o y a

ed th e Sudre l He died an w h n u d who r ul ys aso. ca. 980, d as succeeded by is so Sig r ,

the ho of th e H bri e and to have f r at l fift il his have possessed w le e d s, been earl o east y years t l

h in 4 Or b u n a Sa a 31 d deat 1 06 ( yi g g , pp. an ‘ ’ - Vist in the a a Calto Sccnd . 231 and Munch . xix sa s that North S g ( , pp , p , y

oul rath in th d We w d er cline to e erivation from west or its analogue.

- - 1 098 1 099 Orkno i a a 56 and vol. i 1 2. , y ug Sag , p. , Rolls, . pp. 7 7 3 ’ ’ itlin little bit or the tin ll laf stature. i B g y, probably in a usion to O s H s second

w fe was I ibior dau ter of Hakon Ear kne Munch 7 Orkm in a Sa a i ng g, gh , ) of Or y ( , p. ; y g g ,

xx iii and R oll s vo i. . p . c ; , l. p 4 And grandson of Harald th e Black of Iceland (Ysland) or more probably ofI nlay (c )

Mun h here odr died c . 3 4 and w G ed Crowan ( , pp , , 5 Kin Ma nu B e s was killed in Ireland 1 1 03. g g s arel g , ‘ Mun h 8 laf Bitlin ms also to have een known a laf c , pp. 7, 9, 73, 7 . O g see b s O th e ’ ' ‘ Bed Collootama . 8 The auth orit cited a fra m t of a manuscr i t hi tor of h , , p 2 3. y , g en p s y t s 2 B 1 94 THE HEBRIDES IN THE SAGAS

i lin r l R o nv ld of Contemporary with Olaf B t g w as Ea g a u .

’ l and rkn r i in all name Kd i s son r n ca. 1 1 00 O ey (o g y d Ko ) , bo , 1 in r hi i 1 1 r f r a l fr m ca 1 1 29 ill s a n 59 . His an athe jo t e o . t de th g d

b i f r in w as ali Sae ornarson . a. son o Sea ea a man K j ( b ) ,

r a and a r a fr i n of in a n us Bar ele s m he No w y g e t e d K g M g g , who

h ad acc m ani in h is s er n e iti n of 1 098 ur in o p ed we t xped o , d g the

in e r of i ar ali son of Sea- ear di of his un s in w t wh ch ye K , b , ed wo d

’ Sud r e s l ea K l Kol ali s son wa of in a son o . the y , v g To , K , by y

m ensa i n for th e l ss of his fa er in a nus n ear co p t o o th , K g M g ext y

a in marr ia G unn hil d au r of Ear l Erlend an d sis er g ve ge , d ghte t ’ f hi uni n w as r n al i after war s . a nus o to St M g , w ch o bo K , d r e- named R ognvald when h e had r eceived fr om King Sigur d ” w his fa er Jorsalafar i hal f of th e Or kn ey ear ldom, It as by th

’ Kol s advice that Ear l R ognval d - Kali in 1 1 37 vowed to his un cl e

n h n ill in 1 1 1 6 a if r u St. Mag us (who ad bee k ed ) th t th o gh the

’ sain t s help he shoul d succeed in establishing himself in his half of earl m he ul uil at ir all a ma nifi n ur the do , wo d b d K kw g ce t ch ch ‘ i w r f fam us a edr al in his honour . Th s as the o igin o th e o c th

’ Macdonal ds states that Olafthe Bed was i of Mn Isla Ml l and the islands south , k ng a , y, u ,

’ ’ the isles to the nor th of that oint omerled s marria e ith Olaf s dau hter is also p . S g w g L m ti in the en oned same connection C ll ocl am a . 28 ( o , pp 2, 1 R olls vol. iii. 21 6 . He was ill ed on th e 2oth of Au ust 1 1 59 ccordin to , p . k g . A g

- M vol. i. xiv an f Earl v d . d 1 1 9 th e stor o Ro n al is to b e taken alm , pp 97 9, y g as ost strictl historical it even ives exact dates such u the a ove one of hich —the sla in y ; g , b , w y g ‘ ’ ‘ of Erlend on 2l st Decem er 1 6 four i hts efore Y moon — b 1 4, n g b ule and at full has been

a a 4 R w vo i. o l. . can m . 1 03. M . 1 1 , p p , p , p 9.

1 96 THE HEBRIDES IN THE SAGAS

a Holdbod i w th t never dar ed to r eturn to the Sudreys. This as in 1 1 39

Th e fir st Somer led of Ar gyll seems to have been born ab out

’ the ar 1 020 son of Gilbr i id in of Innsie all in in ye , g , K g G , dy g 1 08 But the cel ebr ated Somerl ed of the Isl es (sur nam ed

’ l and es r i as r e ul us Her er aidel un ues i n e Ho d, d c bed g g q t o d an s r of the r ful MacDonalds of sl s did n ot ur is ce to powe the I e , flo h

n il t n H r n as th e son of u t he next ce tur y. is pa en tage is give ‘ Gil - r i e th e son of Gil - ad omnan an d un ar u s a b d , , M ch g e th t the

ar li r mer l son of G ilb ri id w ather of Gil - ad omnan e e So ed ( g ) as f , and fur ther that h e (in cluding as a consequence Somer led Hol d) w as s en fr m th e Ear l illi of ll h ad mar r i d a de c ded o G Co , who e sis r of i ur th e u Ear l of r kn a u ear te S g d Sto t, O ey, bo t the y

990- 99 ‘ m rl l mar ri Ra n il dau r of laf i lin So e ed Ho d ed g h d, ghte O B t g ,

- - l v l 41 . r kne i s a 1 1 21 s o . i. . 1 36 1 O y/ ng S ga, pp . 6 1 Rol , pp

o r M ie Gall Mu l th Fou r s. Inns was nch . 4 and 6 uotin th e Anna s e aste , pp 7 7 , q g f

f th . M merled to b e or i inall merel the Irish name or e udr e un ch . 42 consid ers So S ys , p , g y y

’ a arall el case th e term etr lidi desi natin a ear one to take his inter slee . A as p v , g g b g w p

ill earlier Sumarlidi Earl of rkne and on of Earl S rd th e Stout died as. 1 01 6 st , O y, s igu ,

knc a a a . cxxxii . (Or ying S g , p ) 3 Munch . . , p 7

- md 294 and 2 on of r C Sca lle am a . d to , p. ; Co ct , p 28 , s Gil be t) 5 Mun h . 4 and 6 B n hich not with out d th e c 7 7 . th ar ume t seems ood roun s , pp y is g , w g g ,

For Earl Gilli see antes . Munch oints out 44 that Gilli is evid entl onl half of th e , p (p. ) y y

“ Sco u t” . THE HEBRIDES IN THE SAGAS 1 97 kin of Man an vald d th e sl s and had f ur s ns u al Ro n g I e , o o , D g d , g l R in al An d l h an a l es us an af. In is im h e had m ( eg d) , g , O t e y b tt ,

- in lu in a sea fi ht in 1 1 56 i his r er - in - law o r c d g g w th b oth G d ed, ’ kin of Man i i n —and r sul in a i is of th e Sudr e s g , wh ch e ted d v o y , ’ w as ul ima l ill d i ill e- l um his son at a l of t te y k e , w th G co , the b tt e

R nfr 1 r m n e ew in 1 64. Other s of the n ame of Somer led a e e tioned : one of m a r an s n of merl l r ul in the , g d o So ed Ho d, ed the

l II main an of Ar ll b ut w as e r i e in 1 221 Al e an er . d gy , d p v d by x d ‘ of l f Man and S an . laf th e la son of dr kin o cot d O B ck, Go ed, g ,

ran s n of laf i lin el ar of e r i es un il his g d o O B t g, h d p t the H b d t death in 1 237 Fr om this date it is an easy tr ansition to the

a l of Lar e in r 1 263 n as w e a e al r ad b tt e g Octobe , whe , h v e y s n the r w ian u r in udr e s w as finall ee , No eg s p emacy the S y y

an e in s or arl of sl ar e nam in th e a as M y p tty k g e s the I es ed S g , but the title cannot be taken as necessar ily implying any gen er al

r l f th e lar er islan s had cont o . It seems indeed that each o g d

' Mun marria e evid entl a second on h . and Thi e c 7 Or a . 1 8 , p , kmwng Saga, p 1 . s g , y ,

- ma ver a r oximatel be la d a 1 1 1 1 6 . omerled Hold mad e his home at y y pp y p ce as c . 40 0 S

'

D alor or th e r lmo ia a Sa a . 1 ( Dales somewher e on th e west coast of Scotland (O y g g , pp 76,

1 81 and Rol o vol i h thi e in ld o nvald that the Mac onalds , l , . . p. It is th roug s R g a or B g D of th e Isles have th eir d t and th omer led bl o althou h no doubt with a orse escen , e S o d, g N in -mixtur ter e em to have l c e ll sctam . , se s been mainly Ce ti (s e Co , p

Mun h 1 . c , p. 0 ‘ 3 Munch sa s his eld ill um ’ y , est son, G ecol (p . Mun 6 ch, p. 9 .

'

I btd . 1 6 and 20. Ro nvald reat warrior and elder brother of Olaf the Black , pp g , a g , , was kin of Man and died in 1 i dr Blaok succeeded him for one g , 229. H s son, Go ed the ,

462 Munch ; , p . 1 98 THE HEBRIDES IN THE

’ 1 its ri u ar ar l or r n or un r th e r e ian r n t b t y e gove de No w g c ow , in th e ase of Ear l illi f Col] c G o .

Mun h 8 Ro vald a ear 1 21 had for a lo c 3. n nd his father Godred u to th e 0 , p. g , p y , ‘ ’ time aid no sca t to the kin of No w vol Af r the death r a Rolls . i. . te p t gs y ( , p

1 1 87 of Godre d kin of Man th ere ere tw o Re inal ds cousins oth of th em randao , g , w g ( , b g — of Olaf Bitling and each styled King of th e Isles reigning in th e divided Sudreys o

Island Tiree and oll also Arran and t e oth er nd n of Somerled ir , C , as ), h (seco so )

h - sout ern or Celtic ortion . fi was treach e in 1 22 and a e p Th e r st named rously slain 9, pp a have had his chief residence in th e island of ll ein inde d addr emed in an Co , b g e Irish ‘ ’ ’ Kin of Coll Skene s Celtic Scotl and vol iii. . 36 36 401 g ( , . pp , , ,

200 INDEX

M b ell or d Ar ch ibald 1 29 162. Cists 36 38 46 4 1 30 1 31 136 138. p , L , , , , , , 7, , , ,

- ol es Coll 4 49. la h ach 60 61 . Ca ( ), 3, C b , ’ - 71 72. Clash a Coil e, 1 1 6.

t of h 1 4 - 166. Claod h Beg ( wo t e name), 9 1 60, rnan hic h Cl aodh Mor 1 61 Ca an Ri 46. . M g , , 1 Cash els , 73. Claod h Odh rain , 1 5 .

- - - - astl es Median l 1 1 1 1 1 9. e t Be d Mar 1 . C , , 66 67, 6 66, 7 Cl i ( g an ) , 9 93

- astl e S en 1 6 . 8 39 1 0. C w , 7 Cliad , 3 , 7 ’ - Causewa s 20 24 26 28 42 60 62 76 84 noc a Bhadain 45 . y , , , , , , , , , C , ’ - 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 . . 1 02, 07, 1 0, 1 1 , 6, 1 6 , 63 Cnoc a Claodh , 164 1 65

ham r e ir ns 1 8 3 39 1 3 . Eibr i 1 1 12 1 24. C b e d Ca , , 7, , 7 Cnoc g, 09, ,

- Ancien t in COLL 48 64 . hillibr eidh e 1 3 1 91 . Chapels, , , Cnoc G , ,

- eish 49 0. Ar dn , 6 Cnoc G r ianal , 1 57.

nce I ri 12 . O b g, 0

h ouse 2 - 3 R oc - for ts 4- 1 9 och or arsh , k , ; L M

- es as Dun , 20 ; Isl et Duns, 21 29 ; H ut circl ,

2 old sh ielin and cr ofts 32 - 33 sand 3 ; gs , ;

- Fasach d 60. hill sites 4- 4 urials 46 47 , , 3 4 ; p r ehistor ic b ,

Gallanaoh 61 . ancient cha el s 4 - c histor 65 - 60. , p , 8 64 ; lan y ,

- Gunna 48 49. l onsa 1 , Co y , 88, 1 90.

- Kil rid e 62 63. l um b , Co banus, 1 42.

- Kill unai 61 52. ornai Tires g, C g ( ), 1 24, 1 36.

- - - ha els Ancient in Trans 1 41 1 6 . r n mil l an C p , , , 7 Co ( cient), 71 72.

Ar dkir knish Ar to hain 1 43 1 46 - 14 ra ans 1 2 4- 1 6. ( ), , 7. C gg , 8, 70, 94, 96, 96 , 3, 1 26 , 1 7 7

l aodh Be H nish 1 . ro C g ( y ) , 56 C fter s, 69.

Cr ois (Tir ee), 1 25 . ’ Mr or aod h 1 61 - Claod h o Cl Od hrain . rois a la 1 ( ), C Chao is , 76, 56 1 66. ’ - Cnoc a Claod h 1 64 1 56 . Cr ossa ol Coll xiv 1 2 , p ( ) , , 3 , 4 , 49. ’ r ois a Chaolais 1 65 - 1 66 r oasa l C , 76, . C p o (Tir ee) , 1 31 .

Kil r id e 1 46. rosses scul tu - 163 b , C ( p red ), 49, 144 145, 1 49, 15 1 , ,

1 . Kilflnnian , 47 1 56, 1 66 .

- Kilkenn eth , 161 1 62.

1 - Kilmol uag, 62 1 63.

- - Kirka ol 1 4 1 1 . - - p , 7 6 Dau Kon, 1 89 190, 1 94 1 96.

Claodh Be 1 - g, 49 1 60. Danes, 1 79 . l h h 1 C aod Od r ain, 1 6 . Da Sith ean , 108. ’ - St. Col um a s 1 48 1 4 Dedication r 1 b , 9. C oss, 49. ’ - - St. Th omas 1 6 1 6 . Deer h orns 80 92 1 , 6 7 , , , 10, 1 37, 1 73.

- Sorob 143 1 46 . Dra rid es 6 1 00 1 1 y , wb g , 7, , 7, 1 64.

Tem l efield 1 6 . Br uin an Air id p , 6 h Fh ada, 6 .

- Tem l e Patric 1 1 4. n p k , 63 6 Br ui nan Carn , 1 9.

iani i rod u - - Chr ist ty nt ced , viii, 141 1 43, 1 86 1 89. Duns in COLL

- hr istison Dr . David v xiv C , , . Acha, , 7 8, 1 64, 1 72.

Cinel M an 46 . on r , An Ca nan, 1 7.

- Eoch a h 46 . An laimh 2 g , , 6 28, 1 64, 1 72.

Ga h r an 10. at Ball h o 1 b , y gh , 1 .

- - oam 10 46 1 68. Beic 10 1 1 2 28 L , , , , , 7 . INDEX 201 — Dun s in Tu r n continued .

- on Ben Poill , 1 0. Hind er , 80 82, 1 64.

- on Ben o h 12. I ri 1 1 2 1 1 4 1 64. H g , b g, ,

- Borbaid h 1 4 1 6 1 64 1 6. in och na Buail e 1 1 6. , , , 7 L ,

- as Bousd 1 5 16. in och na Gila 1 1 6. , L , ’ M - or a h olais 6 6. at Breacacha. 20. C a , 7 7 ’ - Mor Vau1 - Carn a Bh r ai h e 1 7 1 8. 76 78 1 63. g , ,, , ' - na eite - 1 at Cnoc na Duin , 1 6 1 7. Cl , 90 93, 64.

- n an l - Coir bidh , 8 9, 163. Gal , 97 99, 1 66.

Dunan i h - ( ) N g ean , 93 96

- - tir 4 - 1 D ubh , 1 2 13, 27 28. Ot , 8 86, 64.

Dun in th e Tnasux'rsn Isms Foula 1 2. g,

- Cr uit 66 1 64 1 1 1 . at G all anach 1 3. 67 66 7 , , , , — , Duns ofCom. and Tmsl R oc - for ts 4- 1 9 83 Gor ton . , 9 k , ,

- 109 1 62 164 semi- Brochs 3- 83 1 61 - 1 62 on G un na, 1 8 1 9. , , ; , 7 ,

- in oc h an Duin 22 . o ch or ar sh Duns 20 1 09 1 14 1 63 Isl et L , L M , , , ;

- - - Duns 21 2 1 1 6 1 1 1 . Cliad , 23 26, 164. , 9, 9, 63

- - Fad a 21 . Ch ron ol o vii viii 1 60 166 169. , — gy, , , G h ill e Cal uim , 21 . Diet, 1 74.

1 Native in or i in 1 66 1 0. Rathil t, 22, 64. g , , 7

- Po ulation 1 1 1 2. p , 7 7

- in o er il l och 26 26. S ecial featur es occur r in L w M L , p g ’ - at Rudh an sean il 1 . Br ea ater s 89. t Chaiste , 3 kw ,

near Totronald 1 1 . Cause a s N 24 as 28 42 1 2 1 , w y , , , , , 0 , 07, V 1 1 1 1 in rifi, 1 9. 1 1 0, 1 1 2, 6 , 1 6, 63.

Duns in Tran ear ed a roach es 14- 16 2 9 1 Cl pp , , 8 , 3, 06

- ou Am Bar r ad hu, 89 90. 107, 1 64. ’ An D un B h etrish 1 . Dra r id es 100 1 1 1 , alap , 06 wb g , 67 , , 7, 64. ’ - An Dunan Salum 10 . Ear th or s or scr eens 1 8 22 2 , , 7 w k , , , 3 24,

- - 1 - an t Sith ein , 86 87 . 1 64, 70 1 71 .

- - Bal a hetrish 1 04 106 1 63. O ects found in th em 1 3 1 6 ct i . p , , bj , 7 7 , p ass m

- Beannai 1 104. Possi le si nall in 1 g, 03 b g g, 70. ’ - Be a Chaolais 1 09 1 1 1 . Stee su sidiar c e 1 1 g , p b y a c sses, 9, 06 , 63.

- - Be aul 106 1 0 1 64. U nd er round assa e 6 1 64 1 1 . g V , 7, g p g , 9 96, , 7

Bor ai e Be 1 2- 103 W ells 1 g g, 0 . , 3, 78, 106 , 1 63.

- r ai e Mor 8 . Duns else h ere in Bo g , 7 80 w Scotland or Irel and

- Car nan iath 1 14. Dun Add Dun Att 1 6 1 68. L , ( ) , 7, ’ - Ceann a Bhai h 10 1 08. Dun E n us G al wa 1 g , 7 g , y, 67.

on Cnoc Char rastaoin . Dunaver t 1 , 101 y , 68. Dun eath D un t 1 b ( Bai ta), 68. on Eil ean Du h 99 Dun b ol 1 Ir eland 1 b , g ( ) , 68.

on Eil ean hic Con uill 1 16 . Dun Ceith ir n 1 Ir eland 1 68. M , ( ),

Eil ean na Ba - h on , 96 97 Dun C oul ll , 1 67.

- - F n an t ith 1 1 1 1 2. Dun nor wa 1 . a g S ein, 1 Co , Gal y, 67

Gott, 66.

- Hanais, 1 00 101 .

- Ham ish 8 89. Dun Fhir bol 1 , 7 g, St. Kilda, 67. 202 INDEX — Duns elsew h er d Kin of Mn 1 . e in Scotland or Ir eland eon” . G od r e Cr owan, g a , 93

Dun F it of - o her (1 Dun otter ) , 1 68. (tw o or more that name), 1 94, 1 97 198.

Dun - l i ocb o, 168. Gor rnfia th , 190.

Dun hic Uianeach an 1 6 Gott Ba 1 24 1 47. M , 7. y , ,

Dun Nech n G imi a 53. ta (Dunnich en) , 1 68. r s r y , 28,

- rishi l v 28 39 46 68 192 . G p o , xi , , , , 56 ,

- Dunskaith . i oll 1 , 1 67 G r sl op a, 1 91 92.

Dun Suibhne ain G r oa 1 83. (Sw ) , 1 67. ,

- - G unna (Island of), 1 8 1 9, 48 49, 1 92.

- r 91 - 1 Gunvallds b o g, 1 92.

Eans an, 1 40.

Hu m mus Battl e of xiii 1 80, 1 82, 1 86. Ear th o - - , , , ( r Erd Houses, x xi, 2 3.

Ha on Ear l of Or n e 1 . , , 93 Earth w or s 1 22 23- 24 1 1 - 1 1 k k y k , 8, , , 64, 70 7 .

a on th e o of r a 1 8 . H k Go d , King No w y, 7 E ilse . g y, 1 95

- Hammer stones, 8, 1 1 , 1 3, 1 4, 1 6 , 34, 36, 37, Eil ean 11s Naomh , 1 42. 91 38, 39, 41 , 43, 44, 76 , 78, 80, 84, 86, 88, , 92 1 , 94, 98, 99, 01 , 1 03, 1 05 , 106, 1 07 , 1 10, Es imo d ell n xi. k w i gs, 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 6 1 24 126 1 26 1 27 1 31 1 32 Es ub er I 1 4 , , , , , , , , , j g ( celand ) , 8 . 1 1 - 34, 36 , 1 38, 1 39, 1 40, 1 74, 1 76 . E thica Ten a, 1 41 , 1 43.

Har ald Gilli Kin of Nor wa 1 95 . E n d , g y, yvi Eastm an, 1 83, 189. H r a ri Kin of 1 2 1 84 a f g , g Nor way, 1 80, 8 , ,

1 86.

Fanos Ism ns 183. , th e l c B a k, 1 93. Fasach d , 60.

Hel i D ola 1 g j , 1 83, 86 . Fetl afjord , 1 92. a r i 1 83 1 89. M g , , chan 1 Fin d , 1 43, 46. (br oth er of Ketil Flatnef), 1 84. Pin ouins, r ior of Iona, 1 60. g p eth Hi h t e r = - H ( t , Hi h , o Hyth Tim ) , 1 41 1 44.

Fionna hal 56. g , - He li ol 1 1 7 1 1 8 1 6 1 92. y p , , 6 , Hills in COLL

Fi 2. skar y , 6 An Car nan, 1 7.

Fladda, 62, 66 . Ben Poil l , 10, 47. Flints 8 9 1 1 1 6 1 6 31 34 36 37 38 , , , , , , , , , , , Ben o h 1 1 H g , l , , 12. 40 41 43 44 8 60 82 90 94 1 01 1 05 , , , , 7 , , , , , , , h Ben Tuirid , 47. 2 1 2 1 2 - 1 1 2 ’ 1 1 1 , 1 23, 1 24, 1 6, 6, 7 29, 3 , 1 33, Cnoc a Bhadain , 46.

- 1 34 1 35 1 36 1 3 1 38 1 39 1 40 1 75 1 7 . , , , 7, , , , 7 nc e hill ib r ei O G dh e, 1 3, 1 91 .

Forteviot 1 68. ’ , n oc na Duin C , 1 6 .

- - - For tr esses edie val 66 67 61 66 1 1 7 1 1 9. (M ), , , Cnoc nan Tots , 26, 32.

Fr island 9. ’ , Me all 11a h Iolair e, 6 . Hills in Tran

Ben - Gott, 68, 86 87, 1 30.

1 . Ben Q u asar , 1 79, 96 Hogh , 68.

h - 1 - 38 61 1 91 . Ben Gall ansc , 1 3 4, 37 , , Hynish , 68, 1 67.

- 1 96. Ben R ena Gil Ad omnan , vat e, 68, 97, 1 63.

- Cl e - id 1 96. it Be 3. Gil Brig , g, 90 9

- l 21 1 . Cl ei M - Gill s Co um, , 97 t or , 91 93 .

- f oll 1 3 1 90 1 91 1 96 1 98. noc h r ras a i G illi (Ear l o C ) , , , , C C a t o n , 101 .

illi i Sec Harald Gilli Kin ofNor a . Hlod ver Ear l of r ne 1 - G kr st. , g w y , O k y, 92 1 93.

204 INDEX — o nued . Olaf he Blac 1 L ch s in Com conti t k, 97.

- ochs U er and o er ill 25 28 th e Peacoc ix. L , pp L w M , , k ,

- 2 hi 1 . 31 3 . th e W te, 1 80, 82, 1 83 wason Kin f Nor a ix 1 86 gg , g o w y, , , och s in Tru l 1 L 87 . ’ Bhl h s in 1 1 I.oc h s eog , 3 . ’ s Cha uil 1 31 . hir 1 . p , Or p , 95

- an Eil ean , 1 17 1 1 9.

- hasa l 1 1 1 1 125 . B p o , 6 7, PM S xi. , na Buail e, 1 1 6, 1 21 , 1 31 . e x 1 1 5 1 1 34 36 Patter n d p ottery, i, 8, 1 , , 6 , 3 , , , na Gile 1 15 . , 2 4 37, 38, 39, 41 , 76, 78, 80, 84, 88, 90, 9 , 9 , Ri hsin or Kir babol ag ( ) 85 , 98, 100, 1 03, 1 06, 1 1 0, 1 14, 1 24, 125 , - un s 62 66 6 1 64 1 65 1 1 . L g , , 7, , , 7 1 28, 1 33 , 1 39, 1 75 , 1 76, 1 77. Pe l es small r un ed found in Duns 10 1 3 bb ( o d ) , , ,

- ACDONALD of th e Isl es 1 96 1 97. M , 1 5 78 82 90 92 94 98 103 1 75 . , , , , , , , ,

Per forated ston e im l men ts 1 29 1 . p e , , 56

ac innon Clan 62 1 42 1 50. , , , , Pictish To er s. See Br och M k w s. MacLean Hector Odh ar ninth chief of 62 , ( ), , Picts, Th e, 61 , 1 60, 1 66, 1 67, 1 69, 1 71 .

1 1 8. er all 1 . Pi ow , 88 s chi f R ector ( ixth e of) , 57. n Polishing sto es, 41 1 36 .

Im hh n Lubanac h (fifth chief of 57. , P h a sir 1 . ) oll Od r sg , 08, 1 30

- - of Coll 1 9 26 28 52 53 55 59. , , , , , e or . Pop e G r g y x1 Bul l of 1 49. John Gar b h (fir st MacLean of

- 56 58. an Eathair , 52.

- of 2 . Duar t, 6 28, 63 - an t Soair , 44 .

M eil f 1 - - acN o Bar r a, 8 1 9, 28, 56 58. nu Cill e, 1 9, 48.

Mac us r r ie an 1 2. Q , Cl , 4 n a uin s Cell 31 . L g ( ),

a nus W . , Kin of Norwa , 28 185 . M g g y , Tir ee 1 31 1 43 . ( ) , ,

n . Barel e fl Kin of Nor wa 1 - ( s ) , g y, 92 1 95 . l r St . Ear ofO ne 1 94 1 . ( k y , , 95 ’ Ma in Blaeu s Atlas 50 1 p , , 85 , 1 7.

- t z hammer stone. 107 . in r i ins: Par och iala 50 - 1 O g , , 85 86, 1 7.

M “ d isc 98' Q , etal . See Ir on w r ou h t. M , uar tz e bl es 1 38 1 39 2 Q p b . . o aster ies 1 . M n , 7 Querns, 70, 95 oss Tir ee 1 30. M ( ) ,

ousa 1 66 . M ,

ull 61 93° M , , R mnm n 1 96. ,

- un ch Professor P. A. xiii 1 78 184. M , , , R eef Th e 86 103 1 41 . , , , , R e inald or Ro v d n of g ( gn al ) . , Eu l ’ = l - Ks1i Ko s son 1 1 . - 94 95 Nw m , 1 90 1 91 . ( , ),

- son of God red 1 3 1 97 1 98. Nor th Uist, x, 23, 93, 1 93. , , 0 “ or i Bor s or Duns viii - 1 9 OfSomer l ed HO“ 1 97 N weg an g ( ), , 166 67. :

R enfre Ba e f 19 . w, ttl o , 7

“M 124‘ S, On : (or Astaimh ), 7, 25, 1 64.

he R ed 1 9 - 1 94 1 Bitling (“ ) , 3 , 96, 1 98.

u n s Th e - - S , , viii ix, 1 78 1 98.

- 1 1 91 1 2. Bai h en e 1 . 87, 9 St. t , 42, 1 44 INDEX

r uth an e 2 St. Bren dan , 1 42 , 1 43. S nan C ann , 8, 59 .

Br id e Br i id 1 42 144 1 46. Sta fi ur ed u on ancien t tte 1 . St. ( g ) , , , g g p po ry , 75

- 44 ne axes 1 St. Col umba, 61 , 1 41 1 , 1 49, 152, 1 68, 1 84. Sto , 8, 36, 29, 1 56 .

- o all 1 43 1 4 . cir cl es 1 1 31 . St. C mg , , 7 , 30 1 4 St. Finn ian , 1 42 , 7.

n t. Man na 1 . St. Finta (S ), 43 Hammer

- Kenn eth 50 1 42 143 1 5 1 . sin er s 42 1 1 6 . St . , , , k , ,

vanlau 1 . St. Kil d a, 1 67. S g, 90

St. a nus. See a nus Earl ofOr ne . Sw ein Asl eifson 1 79 1 95 . M g M g , k y , ,

St. ich ael 1 46. M ,

- St. ol uco 1 42 1 52 1 53. M , ,

St. Or an , 1 43, 15 1 . Tu m 1 Ta t or Tad 1 4 ( k g) , 0 . Patr ic 1 43 1 53. St. k, , Teinl i eil In ch of 1 1 8. ’ p , , St . Patric s Vat 1 54. k , m ld Te pl efie , 1 55. 1 St. Sensie, 5 . - Tem le Patr ic 1 4. p k, 53 1 5 1 St. Th omas, 56 . Thiostolf, 1 90. Sal um , 107, 124. a n F W v 4. Th omas, C p tai . . L. , , 57, 7 - - 1 1 - 1 2 Sand hil l sites, xn , xiv, 34 44 , 1 23 29, 1 7 7 ,. - Th or finn , 1 92 1 93. - 1 76 1 77. Th orger da, 1 89.

n e ix - 1 Th or stei th R ed , , xiii, 1 82 1 83, 1 85 , 89 , - Scar inish , 86 , 123 1 24 . 1 92.

Scatts 13, 1 90, 1 98. , n 1 Th or unna Byr s , 83, 1 89. es 1 . Scilly Isl , 86 Th ur id a, 1 83, 1 89. 169. Scots (Th e Ir ish ), 1 66, 167, ’ fi r a Chaibeil , 1 57 .

im a h and - T , top o r p y population , 68 69 1 1 39 41 43 44 98 1 29 g Scrap er s, 5 , 6, 36, 37, , , , , , , - cr ofter s 69 ; old sur vivals , 69 72 ; semi 1 , 1 34, 1 76 , 77. Broc h s - 1 1 - 1 2 R oc - f rts - 1 , 73 83, 6 6 k o , 63 09

oc h or ar sh Duns 1 09- 1 14 Isl et Duns L M , ; , - es ancient r aised 9 4 85 1 1 1 1 1 6. Sea beach ( ), , 7, , , 1 15 - 1 1 9 an cient d ellin s 120- 1 22 sand ’ w g , ; Seal s teeth , 1 34, 1 37. hill sites 1 2 - reh r i als 1 , 3 1 29 ; p isto c bur i , 30 8. Selbach , 1 6 - 1 40 ancient c ha ls 1 41 1 5 . ; p e , 7 - Selio olla 1 91 1 92. p , Tir an Foill ga (Tyr unghafeal ) , 27, 57 . - - - Semi Brochs, 73 83, 1 61 1 62 .

- Sh i - ur ial s 1 87 1 88. p b , Totr onal d , 1 1 , 40, 46 . Si ur d Hl od ver son Di ri Earl of Or ne 1 90 g ( g ), k y, T a h Bh 2 r ig eidh e, 1 8 129. 1 93 1 96. , Tr ai h Po g il l, xiv, 41 4 2. - Si ur d or salafari Kin of Nor a 1 92 1 94. g J , g w y, Tr ai h na iol g S ag, 43. i urd Riki first Ear l of Or ne 1 83. S g , k y, Treshnish - 1 1 1 1 Isl es, 27, 61 67, 1 1 9, 64, 65 , 7 . - Sith ean or fair noll s 86 108 1 1 1 . ( y k , , Tuath s De Danaan, 1 67.

S e 1 67 1 93. ky , , ul c T han , 143. - d 49 52 1 44 Slabs of th e W est Highl an type, , , , ani- n T Almo d , 1 68.

1 45 149 1 51 . , , T r v y ist (Tir es) , 1 93, 195 . - es 1 5 . Slin g ston , 7 ’ - Sl oc a Ch eim, 99 100. ’ Uon n na 0am 36 . Sloc na h Ursainn , 99 . ,

- - Uisneach 1 67. Somer l ed , 1 93 1 94, 1 96 198. , Uist x Sorisd al e, 5 , 1 9. , , 1 - Under round assa e 95 71 . Soroby, 1 43 1 45 . g p g , 206 INDEX

Vs un, 124.

ed r a G r imsun 1 89 W ells 1 3 78 105 1 63. V , . , , , ,

i in s vii- ix 1 6 35 1 35 1 3 1 9- 1 0 1 W h or ls 8 76 95 1 76 . V k g , , , , , 7, 6 7 , 77, , , , , ’ - - 1 1 s To n 1 91 . 1 78 1 81 , 88, 95 196 . W illiam w ,

ol a 1 8 Wooden l oc an d ke 0. V g , 7. k y, 7

- W e 85 86 1 40 . yle, Th , ,

W ar n s“ , 1 88.

Ed in burgh : Printed b y and A. Com m