Tract No . 97

THE WESTERN RESERV E HISTORICAL SOCIETY

I ed Oc r 9 7 ssu tobe , 1 1

Part I

Articles of Incorporation — Officers Membership

Annual Report for I 9 ] 6 9 | 7

Part I I

Side Lights on the Company of Associates

from the

John May Papers

L V AND H C E EL , O IO I9 ] 7 2 Arm ous or I ncoaroas 'rxon

Tm: Wns'rsnn Rasm vs Hi sroaxcu Socm'rr

19m m Tha we t he un ersi ne all of hom are ci i , t , d g d, w t zens of the S a e of Ohio esirin to orm a cor oration not for t t , d g f p rofi un er the eneral cor ora ion a s of sai S a e do here p t, d g p t l w d t t , by

The name of sai cor oration sha l be The estern Fi l ter . d p l W l Reserve Historica Society .

Sai cor ora ion sha be e its l SECOND . d p t ll locat d and principa usiness transacte d at the Cit of Clevelan in Cuaho a Coun b y d , y g ty ,

The ur ose for hich sai cor ora ion is orme is THIRD . p p w d p t f d not ro but is to iscover collec and reserve ha ever rela es p fit, d , t p w t t to the his or io ra h enealo and an i ui ies of Ohio and t y , b g p y , g gy t q t the es and of the eo le ellin herein incluin the h sica W t; p p dw g t , d g p y l history and condition of that State ; to maintain a museum and i rar and to ex ten kno le e uon the su ec s men ione b l b y , d w dg p bj t t d , zy

iterar mee in s b u lica ion and b o her ro er means. l y t g , y p b t y t p p

se en h da of arch A. D 1 892 . v t y M ,

D . M anchester W . , Amos To nsen erc ice w d, P y W . R , i liam Bin ham W l g ,

A. Bre er T. w . Society — OFFICERS FOR 1 91 6 1 9 1 7

P resident

Secretary

mma BE E J. NTON

Treasurer

Trustees

Am r Erm r M . RALPH KING

B L . M u P. . G m 8 . A DWIN W M C . BI NG nAn Pmcs C E . W KINN Y ' T B D . . o A. . anwan Z N aror:

urma Ja. E 8 B ,

B oucLAs W H . CATHCART Pm ms A 8 Careacu JAcos Panama x al m-ri se J D Co F . F . P ' z J L. SE E Wu G . Dmr V RANCE

JAm R . GAar I ELn AmmosmSWABEY

C A. GRABS ELLI CaAs F Tawmo

Wm C HAYES J . H WADE:

S 8 . WI LSON

Drm z C W BtNonAn W . G D N a' . o rO S P BALDWIN Z . N F Pmmrxss F . E WALLAC H .

Catalogue! The Society consists of three classes of members.

l i rar a l ulica ions annua fee is ten o lars. l b y , p b t , l d l

(8) Honorary and corresponding members are chosen by

0! the Trust ees.

T S LI F E AND A U L M m sas or r un PA RON , NN A

PAmONs

‘ . All n Mrs. M aria B . M rs Dudley P . e Cobb

. D. Cox M Andrews J .

. al on H G . D t

‘ aroline . l M rs. C P Ba dwin

H . Bells P . ‘ ll Gor on Wi iam J . d

. l S. P Ba dwin

D . a B . H nna n Charles W . Bingham H . M . Han a ‘ harles Harkness C W . rs M . M ary 8 . Bradford Edward S . Harkness

M . A. Bra le M rs S e hen V . Harkness d y . t p

L. Harkness W . ‘ r Ha ch Hen y R . t ‘ E. S . Burke Jr . ohn Ha , J y ‘ ‘ eve so B r hn St n n uke M rs. Jo Hay ‘ Peter M . Hitchcock ‘ Liberty E. Holden ‘ Ho James H . yt ‘ John Huntington ‘ rs ar H . Chisho m H . H . ohnson M . M y l J ‘ r Ann M . . ohnson M s. Elia Clarke B J ‘ ‘ Oliver Q Kent H . C . Bannq

‘ ' ‘ M G M Amos l ownsend

E. W. 0debay

M IL PM

‘ 0. B. Payne Band s-Perkin. “ B F-rhino ‘ hi lese Mrs. Mary E. W tt y ‘ R B. M an . d ‘ Jm c ‘ Sco “h ad Charles 0. tt

F. P. Prentiss

‘ srvis J M . Adams ‘ ule P Alle D d y . n ‘ e J l mW. Allen a hari e A a M. C t n ll n

Mt. Lebanon, N. Y. Mi“ Sarah L. Andrews C Bar er Ohio . b ‘ e e P t r M . Arthur ro El y M. Avery ‘ Mu. Bren on . Baboon]: Lw l F Bender t D . ‘ ‘ Mu. Luc M y ( ygatt) Backus Clifwn B. Beach

Geor . Beck i h ge H w t . 0m ‘ d ar w. Cla ole E w d yp ,

Akron. Ohio

‘ L le John . Co ‘ William Collins ‘ A . Col ell . G w

St. Loads, M o.

Akron, Ohio

Bo to n C C . l Bourne B F . ‘ urne E H . Bo ‘ vi N Cross Da d . ‘ Bo ler N P . w ‘ Bo n on W W . y t

‘Al vah Bradley

l a ther A. Bre er w , ‘ . De ereaux J H . v

A . Br Diet s T. ewer W . G . W J . Brodie

‘ Fayette Brown ‘ D er A. M . y Ar hur Bruce t ,

George H Ely,

E. l A . Bue l ‘ l C har es H. Bulkley ‘ ‘ Thomas Burnham A. . air anks . W F b ’ Glen s alls N Y. F , .

‘ S . h er ain W . C amb l

‘ i fh ear A . Ch lds

‘ rench Julius E. F lark uller Arthur H. C H . A. F

‘ i iam C . Mills Geor e Ro inson W ll , g F . b ,

‘ ‘ ames M n o roe ames . R er J , J F yd ‘ J . H . Salisbury Charles Baldwin Sawyer David Pascal Sawyer ‘ George W . M organ Leonard Schlather ‘ er inan Schumacher F d d ,

M iss Mar L. M orse Akron hi o y , , O ld Geo. F. Scofie ‘ Geo att M rs. Scofiel m Mys G . F . d ‘ E en Ne ton l b w W . C . Scofie d

‘ Geor e ack g W . P ‘ Sessi Samuel W . ons ‘ e r r Jam s Pa melee Louis H . Seve ance r Sil er E nest J . l

‘ G eor e T. erkins g P ,

Chi cago And Squire ‘ L. l e is rkins li r Stafi ord w Pe O ve M .

‘ re erick . unam Char es Henr St ron F d W P t , l y g

ambrid e M as Daniel B . Ta lor C g . s. y

Rollin T. Beef M rs. So hia S ron Ta lor y , p t g y

‘ rc Ri ce Charles . Th in Pe y W . F w g ‘ F ranklin M . Ritessl ohn Tod , J ‘ To nsen Norton 8 . w d L an H Trea a ym . dw y ‘ le H . B. Tutt 1 2

L t . H . Kit redge

AH F Harvey

. Har e T . S . ni h P. W v y K g t

A 8 . H en Wm. . Leonar W . ayd d

Will L. Hayes

. S M cGowan F .

T H Hogset t r Arthu G . M cKee

Hoo . . h n C . F . ver H H M cKee a or A. C . H d

A. B . Horr

. M arsha l W H . l m B . Housu W . u E on Ho 2 d rank S . M as en lt yt, F t

A T . Hu ar ne M a her . bb d Amasa Sto t

Hunkin W . J . ll . s A. M erri A. S Inga E. tt

H . L. I ngersoll

M . In erso J . g ll l L. re an . R . I d James R Mills a ter ames W l J . J

. . erome C M r a F J J . J . o g n Hom r e i e M . J w tt M orl J E. ey Isaac Joseph

A rian D . o ce L A. M urle d J y . y Mm m m 1 8

Nash S . T .

A. F . Scott

Nefi . . Secor H . F . J K A Sei erlin F . . b g

ohn . N . A . Selzer M rs. J E ewell C

Norton Bel en Se mour B . C . d y Nutt J . R .

er Henr E. Sheffi el H erb t K . Oakes y d

H enry S. Sherman

. a Geor e B . Si all Ed . S P ge g dd

. . mith A. aine S C . P F P Samuel Lo uis Smi V . ainter th K . P A Procto r Patterson . B . Smythe Hosea Paul M artin Snider e rs G . H . P te l John Phillips John J . Stan ey o Henry F . P pe

H . r Chas. P escott

H . rescot W . P t

A . rice W . P

. unam C R. P t

B . D . Quarrie

W . H . Quinby mo A. Ra n S . y d

Walter J . Rich l i H . T B . char s . ea e F . R d g S n n Richar son te he . T W . C . d p W e er i Lo uis Rorhe mer J . R . Thomas

ll A . B . n Geo. S . Russe Thompso

. A u r Th T J . R the ford omas Wingate odd m W . B . Sanders wa F . W . M y

uler B . T r H . L. Sch C . ucke

DIRECTOR’S REPORT TO THE BOAR D or TR USTEES AND MEM B ERS O F THE WES TER N RES ER V E HISTORICAL SOCIETY

A year has rapidly passed . and we pause on the h r t reshold of anothe , the beginning of a new half ’ cen r tury in the Society s histo y , to look back over the wor r our k of the yea just closed , to profit by errors , and by our successes to get a fresh inspiration for t he on e ahead . The year 1 9 1 6 - 1 7 has been one of greatest activity and our a r disturbance in national aff i s , caused by the turbulent war into which nearly the whole civilized wor r n ld is now pa ticipati g , the United States being me of the last nations to enter . As an historical soc t o r r we iety, devoted Ame ican histo y have viewed the war hitherto as we would that of any foreign war t s o utside the field of our work . But now it is fast Faking on an American aspect in which we must be

er . r in r a Int ested Future gene ations , studying Ame ic n is for h tory , will call upon us the causes leading up to , and r i the pa ticipation of the Un ted States in this war . Thus we are compelled to gather material pertaining ’ to r war w the world s g eatest , just as e have preserved the documents and history pertaining to the French a ar nd Indian wars , the War of Independence , the W ar of 1 81 2 , Mexican War , the Civil W , and the Spanish r Ame ric an War . A small start has al eady been made in this direction . Will the friends of the Society kindly keep this in mind and send to us anything bear ing on this great struggle ? Just as this report will show that steady and perhaps more rapid increase than ever before has been made r r in o ur collections , in even a la ge degree has been the call and demand on the Society and its small force

1 5 ’ 1 6 Dmnc roa s Raroa'r t o attend to the needs of the steadily increasing number of users . May we as briefly as possible present to youthe results of the past year and then point to a

few needs which seem the most pressing .

THE MEMBERSHIP During the year death has taken a number of our

members . In the list of patrons : Mrs . Caroline P .

. . r M r Baldwin , Mr C W . Ha kness , . James H . Hoyt

and Mr . H . A . Sherwin . In the list of life members

we have lost Judge W . W . Boynton , Gen . G . A . Garret

. r . i M rs. M Art hu son , Hon Vi gil P Kl ne and Mary c r of w Tuttle . From the list annual members e have

M r . . . M r . . . r lost by death H A Everett , J H Seve ance ,

Mr . J . H . Shendle and Mr . Chas . A . Vogt .

NECROLOGY

M as . CARO LINE PR ENTISS BALDW IN

M rs. r r ti Ca oline P en ss Baldwin , a patron of this r Ju Society , and the Widow of its second P esident ,

Charles Candee Baldwin , passed away November l ot

1 9 1 6 .

M rs. or Baldwin was b n , of New England parentage ,

1 8 1 842 . Her r January th , ea liest paternal ancesto r r was in this count y Captain Thomas Prentice , o f ri s r of Camb dge , Massachusett , a f eeman that town i n ’

5 i . r 1 6 2 , and famous in K ng Phillip s War He great r was ur h grandfathe , Samuel Prentice a s geon , and i s r o r fathe , Col nel Samuel Prentice , an office in the

Re volutionary War . e 1 862 In Sept mber, , Miss Prentiss married Charles

M rs. Candee Baldwin . Baldwin was not a woman wh o delighted in having her philanthropies made public ;

- she rather shunned all such publicity . Kind hearted r r and gene ous , she was esponsive to all worthy calls

The deep interest that Judge Baldwin showed in h r l i t is Society du ing his ife t me she continued , respond

o our r n l ing t current needs , also cont ibuti g generous y

t o o ur endowment plans . was o r Besides this Society , she c nstantly inte esting ’ ers in h elf the Infants Rest , and the Humane Society

of Cleveland .

M rs. Baldwin is survived by one son , Samuel r h M rs. Prentiss Baldwin , and a daughte , Jo n P . r she r Sawye , with Whom spent her life afte the death of Judge Baldwin .

C HARLES WI LLIAM HARE NESS l r Charles Wi liam Harkness , son of Stephen Vande r r burg and Anna M . (Richa dson) Ha kness , was born r 1 7 1 860 i in Monroeville , Ohio , Decembe th , , and d ed r r r in New Yo k City , whe e he had passed the late years

l t 1 9 1 6 . of his life , May s , i was r His early l fe spent in Cleveland , whe e he was for college at the old Brooks School for He ente red Yale in 1 87 8 and graduated there r from in 1 888 . After g aduation he returned to his

home in Cleveland . In addition t o the management

of the Harkness estate , with which he had been occupied of r sin ce the death his fathe , he had large interests in il of the Standard O Company New York , was a director in the r i Southe n Pac fic Railway Company , the Chicago ,

Milwaukee and St . Paul Railway , the Baltimore and a r r Ohio R il oad , and the Tilden I on Mining Company . During the summer he spent the most of his time at l r i r his arge country estate nea Mad son , New Je sey . r 27 th 1 896 in He was ma ried , May , , Philadelphia ,

. to . Pa Mary , daughter of William G and Sarah Wells r (Bushnell) Wa den , who survives him . His mother

and a brother, Edward Stephen Harkness are also

living . A shor t time before his death he sent a generous

sum toward the endowment of this Society , to which his family had for many years shown the most kindly

in terest .

ear ess a oca e but s C e f l dv t . a l ve developed the demands of his he was compelled to devote his to the work of construct ion and

He had

n passio with him. He prized hi s in having them with him; he always rom hem more than he a e but f t g v , em io man his emo ions did not ot nal , t

He had d .

Stripes in miniature upon the bosom of him who so

up to the full standard ; he was gener ation profit by his illus ’ Dmncroa s BEroar

HENRY ALDEN SHER W IN

r i who Henry Alden She w n , passed away at “ ” r o l count y h me Winden , Wi loughby , Ohio , 26 9 6 w r r V rmon th , 1 1 , as bo n at Baltimo e , e

r 27 th 1 842 . r r be , As a me e lad of thi teen in 1 in business . Coming to Cleveland 860, r the dry goods business as a cle k , but to the position of head bookkeeper . Si left that business to or all over the world as ” o pany . F or s me fou r as Dunham

Williams Company . head of the organization a release from the close given so unstintedly to the i e relin business , at wh ch tim he q n co nection , and became the head directors of the Sherwin Williams gave him more time t o spare for oth was r he inte ested , of his beautiful co looking the valleys ir w or Temple at K tland . Part of his land as f me r ly o r o was of wned by the Mo m ns , and it on account thi s historic connection that he provided The Wester n l Reserve Historical Society with a fund to gather material pertaining t o the history of the Mormons and to their settlement at Ki rtland . Here on his estate be erected his co untry residence and in it provided a magnificent room to house his rare books and manu of r scr ipts , the accumulation yea s of painstaki ng

n . of a collecti g A devotee the piscatory rt , the largest r r w o individual collection in his lib a y as that n Angling . ’ r ne r of Ove o hund ed different editions Isaac Walton s, “ ” o r r r The C mplete Angle , f om the ve y rare first i r s r ed tion , unp etentious in ize and appea ance , to

work in public service . Judge Boynton was ever a

l o of r . fear ess pponent all that was unjust , and immo al He was gf with wonderful power as a speaker and pleader at the Bar . Besides his deep interest at all i l r t mes in egal matters , he had a mo e than ordinary or r fondm f historical and gene al literature , and ' ro difi t r r w te at eren times seve al a ticles , largely on local historical matters , and delivered on July 4th , 1 87 6 on r r , an address the histo y of Lo ain County , ’ w r o 88 o which as published as T act N . of ur Society s

l Ju Boynton married at Ridgevi le , Ohio , Decem

1 859 M . ber , iss Betsey A Terrell ,

‘ ‘ GENER AL GEO RG E A . GARB E I SO N of Another revered citizen Cleveland , and member o f wh a this Society , o has p ssed away within the past r o year , is Gene al Ge rge Armstrong Garretson , whose business life for many cars was so closely connected with the National B of Commerce at West Sixth (Wate r) Street and Superior Avenue .

. r Gen Ga retson was born at New Lisbon , Ohio ,

30 1 844 . r January , His fathe , Hiram Garretson ,

within a few years thereafter , removed with his family t o l C eveland , and became eng in the wholesale grocery business in the firm of Garretson

George A . Garretson was barely eighteen when our W r Civil a commenced , but he at once enlisted as private in the 84th Ohio Volunteer Inf ant and

e 26 t o r 20 1 862 . s rved from May Septembe , then

applied for admission t o West Point , and was appointed

cadet in 1 86 3 . Upon his graduation in 1 86 7 he received

appointment as Second Lieutenant in the 4th U . S . r resi Artillery , and se ved in that capacity until his g

1 87 0. nation January 1 , ’ r r At his fathe s desi e , he returned to Cleveland and became connected with the wholesale grocery business but in 1 87 5 he entered upon a more congenial business career with The Second National Bank . In this bank r of and its successo , The National Bank Commerce , rv r r he se ed as cle k , assistant cashie , cashier , vice

r 1 890t r e . president , and , f om ohis death , as its p esid nt r i n h He had kept his inte est military affairs , owever , was 00 and a member of Tr p A , Ohio Cavalry , serving 8 9 as its captain from 1 87 to 1 8 2 . At the beginning of - War f r the Spanish American , he o fe ed his services to M cKinle r President y , and eceived his appointment as

ri r of o r 27 1 898 . B gadier Gene al V luntee s , May , He r served in Cuba and Po to Rico , and received hi s honor r 30 m able discharge Novembe , the sa e year . General Garretson was an officer in several banking r r z and othe business o gani ations of Cleveland , and was ’ also interested in many of Cleveland s charita ble r Ai r institutions , as the Red Cross , the F esh Camp ,

Lakeside Hospital , etc . i r He was tw ce married . His fi st wife , Anna Scowden r r 1 87 0 Gar etson , whom he ma ried in , died in 1 886 .

888 was . In 1 he married to Emma R Ely , daughter of

r . . r dr Geo ge H Ely His wife , and thei three chil en ,

r El nowM rs. Henr A . Ra mond Geor e Ma garet y , y y , g Ely , r 8 and Hi am , survived him , at his death Dec . , 1 9 1 6 . The Memorial to General Garretson adopted by r r the membe s of the Vete an Association of Troop A , r r r embodies an estimate of his pe sonal cha acte , which can be heartily endorsed by all his associates in business o and s cial life . We quote the following : Words are inadequate either to ex press our admiration for his aun less co ura e his love of coun r his no ili d t g , t y , b ty of charact er or our aff ec ion for his en earin ua i ies and , t d g q l t e er I s o e t nd ness of heart . There n m mber of this Veteran Association of Troop A who does not owe him an inex t inguishable debt of honor and of gratitude for t he shining ex am le he se t e ore us of a fi ne and earless sol ie r of a p b f f d , no le and a riotic ci izen of a cour eous and consi er b p t t , t d ate e em n rm d a ec i n l an a d of a a an ona e rien . g t , w ff t t f d (It is a coincidence that the ch airman of the committee hi h e h luions ro w w c prepar d t ese reso t f m which e have just

uoted was ames H . Ho t who so soon a ter ollo e , J y . f f w d ge l net a Garretson to the beyond . )

VIR GI L PH ILI P KLI NE r Virgil Philip Kline , life membe and a constant o r r our or c nt ibuto to w k , died Thursday , January 1 8th 1 9 1 7 27 3 3 r , , at his home , East Ove look Road ,

C leveland Heights . His entire life was spent in Ohio and on the Western r r h o Reserve , having been bo n at Cong ess , O i , Novem er 3 r 1 4 of b d , 84 . At the age six the family moved to ’

. . i 8 was Conneaut , Ohio Mr Kl ne college education o ir c mmenced at H am College , Ohio , but finished at W illiams College , where he grad uated in 1 866 . Soon after graduation he entered a law office in Cleveland and studied law ; later he taught school for two years at Cuyahoga Falls . He retu rned to Cleveland and was B 1 87 0 admitted to the ar in , and became the r of r pa tner Albert Slade . Late he was the head of the 8: f law firm , Kline , Carr , Tolles Go f , and since r 1 9 1 3 was n r r Ap il , , the se io membe of the firm, o Kline , Clevenger , Buss Holliday . F r many years w he as the personal attorney of M r . J . D . Rockefeller and o for the Standard Oil C mpany of Ohio .

M r . r o Kline is su vived by his wid w , two daughters ,

M rs . . . Dr . r r Carlisle Pope and Mrs Cha les S B ooks , and son r P . r r his , Vi gil Kline , J , of Cla ksburg, West V Ei la l n r r fo lowi g expressive t ibute of his wo th , r was him l ability , and characte paid to by his fe low associates on the Board of Directors of The Cleveland Tr r ust Company , with which boa d he had served from t he first .

I w s r be s i ith M . li t a a are pri vilege to as oc ated w r K ne . He was a law er of rea a ili ossesse of the nes sense y g t b ty , p d fi t

of ro es si ona honor . He was an elo uen a voca e an p f l q t d t , uncom i si f ver orm of sham nd h n a prom n oe of e y f — a y oc y . He hated vice ; fie was a man of pure life a lover opjustice an r l H eliev I n nd rac i the hi hes d fai p ay . e b ed a p t ced g t l r I standards of business morality . He was a firm be ieve n emocrac he love his coun r his st a e and the ci in d y ; d t y , t ty hich he won his ro essional success but a ove all e lo e w p f . b b v d

his frien s his amil and his resi e. He was a scholarl d , f y fi d y ’ Bw em a Rnrmrr

man i el rea in the es litera ure of all coun ries and . w d y d b t t t - all a es; he was a hi h min e , ublic s irited ci izen g g d d p p t , ss ss d f soun u men and a rare l e e o d j dg t know edge of men . He was a e i h ul com anion a lo al rien a co ur d l g tf p , y f d , tly . a l us cu e n lem honor e courteo ur e an . b , , lt d g t Words are all too feeble t o ex press our admiratio n and respect for him and the deep sense of loss we feel at his e d ath . M RY M AR 'rII UR ' ' as. MA c TU r rLE hur Mrs . Mary M cArt Tuttle , a life member and h r of i hig ly esteemed f iend the Soc ety , passed away r at the old family home at Hillsboro , Ohio , Septembe

4th , 1 9 1 6 . cArthur 5 Mary M Thompson , born November th , 9 w r l 1 84 , as the daughte of E iza Jane Trimble and ’ h r James Henry Thom son . On e father s side she ohn r was descended from Bu ton Thompson , a captain ’ in the Revolutionary War ; on her mother s side she was

the ddaughter of Allen Trimble, former Governor of oi l? In the early eighteen hundreds her grandfather

l on to ‘ Al en Trimble , moved to Hillsboro , lands pur chased by his father, and there erected the home in v o which the family li ed s many years , and where M rs.

Tuttle was living with her sister Mrs . Rives and her

o her . brother Henry , at the time f death 1 8 5 M cArt hur On July 6 th , 7 , Mary Thompson w o of married Herbert Tuttle , h at the time his death was Professo r of International Law at Cornell Univer i one s ty . Their married life was a most happy ; both r were deeply interested in literature and histo y , and for in addition to this , Mrs . Tuttle had an intense love c i art . having graduated from an art school in Cin innat . L who v ike her mother , was known all o er this “ w country as the Mother of the Crusade , she as deeply interested in all things tending to aid in the tem rance movement .

t was through the kind efforts of Mrs . Tuttle and th ose of her sister and brother that the personal r l papers and reco rds of her grandfather. Governo A len ’ Dmncroa s REPORT

a o Trimble , were turned over , a few years g , to The Western Re serve Historical Society for permanent

TR IPS of to Trips in the interest the Society , owing the r r pressure of work in the lib a y , have been confined to

very few. A trip East was made In order to investigate the faci lities provided In the various libraries of New York r r City fo the care of maps , manusc ipts , etc . , in connec tion with the equipping of our own manuscript room r and vault . On this t ip several large accessions were made to our collections through special funds that

were provided for this purpose . Valuable additions were also obtained through

exchange with the American Numismatic Society , the

American Geographical Society of New York , and the w Ne York Public Library . r r was h Later , anothe t ip made w ich resulted in ecuring for the Society the papers of General B raxton BP8 88 A few tril s have been made to different places on e r liriI n in to d the R se ve , g g in us quite valuable ad itions , probably the most extensive one being from the home of n r . Miss A ne Hitchcock at Bu ton , Ohio l This last month , as chairman of the Ohio Col ege r r r Libra y section , you di ector attended a meeting of l the Ohio Col ege Association at Columbus . EQUIPM ENT I n our late bulletin we called attention to the fund

erousl r . . . y provided by Mess s C W Bingham , Ralph h m . r . 2 . r i . s, Willia G Mathe , D No ton , William P

Palmer and J . H . Wade , for furnishing the vault and

man uscript room with steel cases . I know of no one w thing e have needed more , than some safe place for proper preservation of our valuable historical

In the equipment of this room we have arranged

’ Dm oa s REPORT

’ Company 3 affairs which were among the papers acquired by the Society some years ago from descend

ol . wh a nts Of C John May , o came to Ohio I n 1 7 88 and was the agent for the Ohio Land Company at Marietta . We believe these papers bearing so intimately on the fi rst settlement in Ohi o will be of interest to all o ur

MUS EUM

The museum seems to be growing in popularity , t he attendance this year was over The visits t o the museum by schools and other organizations of the city show that it is being used more and more as o a means of instructi n . This year we have had visits n r r r from ea ly fifty schools , often emb acing la ge classes ;

- the year before the number was twenty seven . These are not r mere sight seeing expeditions , but in nea ly every case the scholars come with memorandum book for r and pencil and take notes , papers to be w itten r o r r or late at h me , on the pa ticula collection collee tions which had been assigned to them for investigation .

MUS EUM ADDITIONS A large number of interesting items have been added t o the Museum :

rom M r. Horace H . Miller an on hio we have F , C t , O . received some Indian wampun ; an old - fashi oned tuning fork such as was used I n the early days I n churches before they had organs to give the pitch to the singers ; also other

it ems of interest .

M r . Wm. Ritesel of arren Ohio . A avel ma e rom . W , g d f timber taken from the house in which President M cKinley

- Miss Baker of Da nin School . An old ashione , w g f d wooden grain shovel .

M . u n . rks hes all r . . R te beck The o of fi ve a c C W w w t , over 50 1 years old .

. h n uf r s se l M iss A L. S erwin . Seve s e i vera t f d b d ,

etc . ’

M . S As us Y n s n. A ike s eak o le . k ou o , g t w P P b tt , i i s a specimen of nterest ng early glas ware . ’ Dm cma s h ear

A valuahle collection from Nic aragua, consisting of the skin of a boa constricto r.

These scarfs are worn by the high ofi cials ol M ex ico . Also a fiy-swatter from and an old woodcn daah churn. made by his gran athee r Henry Talmage d an w is i C tu, M orro County . I t va y pleasing to rece ve ’ tbe utensils that wcre a part d every early pioneer family s h useh l o o d outfi t .

- iss Anne Hi chcock of Bur on. A oo armer s air M t t f t w , p of earl Colonial shoe- uck es candlestickmnd other house y b l , ho e ls e l s ld ut nsi of the ar y day . l L. . Hol . t sive lecti n of I ndian M rs. E den An ex en co o o t r 8 i s ls fi ve p t e y consisting of some 5 p ece , a o 1 ndian

M rs. D i A r l s s of her re . l a ter but at J . . W lliamson a ge p g dfather Thomas M i s Da who was at one ime , ll y , t r a ta y of State of Connecticut .

M r . r ha hun for e rs o . A re r . A ar me e a n H . St ato b o t t t g y the porch of the old Streato r home which was torn down this as in p t w ter . m . r uh ro E M rs. C l A ou e knife o . K Hal e . d bl b g t f gypt r l WI th enclosed I n a case elabo ate y decorated beads. m ll n r . r ust M r . w l A r eda io o b of D . Ho e ls Jr . a e W , A raham Lincoln in a contemorar rame a relic of the b . y f ,

m f wood arvin b M r. A. rve . Three ex a es o c F . Ha y fl g y Herkimer two ein ar e elk hea s i h the na ural horns , b g l g d w t t ’ a ache the hir re resen in a me iae al kin 3 hea . tt d , t d p t g d v g d

M r . W . Diets A collec ion of seven old is o s m. G . t p t l mah incluin one air of ue in is ols also an iron o a k . d g p d ll g p t , t w s u e ames M r . C N kin sti ck of . i ch . o a W . F t w l g J dg J i ch b en Kingsbury which had been presented to M r . F t y Ell - A. ar on ran auh er of u e in s ury . P t , g d d g t J dg K g b

M rs r A ol rass armin an. . C . Ge oul . n d J . d b w g p War en Dr . r r A co lec ion of ivil El oy M . Ave y . l t C velopes . — hoe- uckles orn M r . . . l hfi ld A air of s G W F . B anc e p b w

s un inen ma e at M . Cl r Some home rs a a J . Craft . p l d mis on over 7 0 ears Ch C s . L. Hu ester ross Road s by M r . J t y ’ Dmm oa s Rumour

Mr . Ba win. Ten ieces of Az ec o er . S. P . ld p t p tt y

from the O . . Hod e collection also one with the or J g , p l trait fo Wil iam Henry Harrison on the cover . Poa'rmu'rs AND PICTUR ES A larger addition than usual has been made to this

to t the unframed u wig p ict res together and liste d , and this foundation work done we can from year to year keep accurate re cord of the additions and the number In this collec

Among those received this year are several hundred that

h v a . l er c ll io n the a e been dded to t he Wm. P Pa m o ect n o i il War consis in of or rai s of enerals a le C v , t g p t t g , b tt scenes frame ros ers etc a so a lar e collec ion of , d t , , l g t or rai s of Lincoln man of hich came i h the collee p t t , y w w t tion of Lincoln medals mentioned elsewhere In this report . M r . Gecr H . Beck i h of Tole o a son of the la e w t , d , t

D . e r Davi . Beck i h of his ci has resen e th d w t , t ty , t d So ie i h an oil or rai of his a her a lar e oil c ty w t p t t f t , g painting of the old Lock House on th e canal and the shi ar s across the u aho a iver at the oo of Seneca py d C y g R , f t

S ree Hi as he a eare some six t ears a o . t t ll, t y pp d y y g

. r s ll A ra ic ure of resi en M rs F . W . Th os e . f med p t P d t

’

. M . resen m her s M r . F Chandler has p ted fro his fat est ate a framed group of pictures concerning the Cassie

L. ha ick case hich inclues the ho o ra h of the C dw , w d p t g p

or e checks or rai s of the ar ici an s etc. f g d , p t t p t p t ,

rom the es a e of Col . ohn Gi ons hrouh the F t t J bb , t g kin ness of harles and rank Gi ons have een receive d C F bb , b d rame ict ures of Linco n and his amil Geor e ashin f d p l f y , g W g ton General Gran and amil General Gar el olonel , t f y , fi d , C Gibbons and others. s A f illiam M is Louise Claflin. framed picture o W

M r . H A. S re r . A ollect i n of nine or rai s of . t ato c o p t t l Civil War generals and two photo groups of Cleve anders.

. . H . S . A ra en . . A M rs C mith f med portrait of G J . D . s. S . A rou ic ure of the M r and M r . g p p t " Ivanhoe Boat Club made ut 1 848 .

. A r h mem ers . L Harris rame ho o u of t e M r E. . f p t g o p b i of the Cleveland Board of Educat on .

lifi r uller . A i in of the e elan har or M r . C o d F pa nt g Cl v d b am i th the t ug Ch p on . A l r From The Bank of Commerce. a ge photograph album of the Directo rs of the old Western Reserve N ational Bank con ai nin or rai s of ames Pickands Samuel , t g p t t J ,

M a her . H . Ho a var M orris E. . illiams ohn t , J yt, C l y , P W , J m . m . H . sh l H . r w W. B S hi o Rus H . B o n C . in ha F t, , g , C ,

. . l S . l D . N D rius . a ell Bo e . o . or on a J K , J C by , Z t , W C ldw ,

. ss ll H . use . G . S Ru e and . Ro , C

M r Harve . . P . W . y that were wrecked or i em r 1 Suer or Nov e 905 . p , b ,

Hon. E. Bur on . A rame cer i ca e of his a T . t f d t fi t p oin men as sena or a cartoon of himself and a rame p t t t , , f d i 6 photograph of the Kansas commiss oners of 1 85 . °

M r m Die . A e t en i l a in . W . G . ts f ramed ta e t t ed Re d g of the Declara ion of I nde en ence Bos on ul 1 8 t p , t , J y , Also on e osi a rame ict ure of a caravan , d p t, f d p of lin hio early set tlers trave g to O .

M rs. eeler t he i o of u e Harve eeler . A K , w d w J dg y K ’

l r i . l a e . M rs er s a ge framed portrait of Benjam n F . W d Kee a i r father was an intimate friend of M r . W de and cons de ed

m i . e r h s also n in this a ost ex cellent l keness. M rs Ke le a se t a framed picture of the justices of the Supreme Court of the United States.

M rs. . G roul . Ei ram i s his ori l J . C e d ght f ed p ct ure of t ca su bjects.

M r . l D Tw ic ures f ea l A len . Severance. o framed p t o r y

leve an ma e I n 1 880 and severa ho o ra hs . C l d , d , l p t g p M r l . T lm . A l i n o en ar W . C . a age co lect o f ged photo ra hs illus ra ive of the li e of the ea ver to accom an g p t t f b , p y th r h e beave collection presented by him t e year before . NUM I S MATIC AND MEDALLIC COLLECTIONS In no one year of the history of the Society has such a large Increase been made I n these collections r as du ing the year just closed . In our last report we called attention to our numismatic collections and asked those of our members or friends who might have ’ Dmncma s Rsroar

of old r pape money , coins or medals , if

kindly donate them to us . Thro ugh this we have received a number of

We have now a nucleus for an extensive collection in o this line . I do not need t dwell on the importance d or r r this, the approp iateness Of our t ying to make it as complete as possible . The umfulness of these collections has been well o t dem nstra e d this year , as has been shown elsewhere in the report under the head of work done in the historical students of Western Re serve

The following excerpt from our last Bulletin gives a brief account of three Of the most valuable additions

G ases AND ROMAN CO I Ns m Sw s r n to the Mr . A b rom a ey p ese ted Society two

collec ions of rare coins . The rs some 900 Greek t fi t, Roman coins consis s of those rom the earlies eri o of , t f t p d the Greek and Roman co down to the ex tinction of the m r t o ion in lu a Roman E pi e . I n his c t are c ded bo ut fifty s ecimens of the coi of u aea em racin a fine s p J d . b g elec - ion rom the ime m an M acca eus B .C . 1 41 1 85 to t , f t b . ,

D m D . ha d the ca i it un er o i ian A . 85 Ano her t t pt v y d t , t eif some thirty specimens consist s of the coins of

mag i of Ar o 7 00 B . C . and l r Ae i coins n s a e an . K g g , , t g h i v T ese s l er coins are among the earliest issued . They were s ruck In Ae ina and are irre ular I n orm i h a or oise t g g f , w t t t the s m ol of As art e the h oenician o ess Of tradfi y b t , P g dd ouone si e and on the other merely an incuse s uare ma e d “ q ” d b the u er of aro ies e een hich the flan or lain y pp t d , b tw w p l i nsis piece of meta was laced . The co na co ts of the o ol the hree Obo the six o ol or and the b . t , b l e rach h 98 doub e drachma . Th d ma g ed

consist s of some 1 800 CHINESE AND JAPANESE Come The date of the beginning of Chinese coinage is un cer ain b ut it is claime to ha e commence nearl 1 000 t , d v d y i us e . The earlies orms ere a terne af er var o y ars B . C t f w p t d t auch as

w n - fi ve s e imens o there are some t e ty p c f the knife or razor mone ten s ecimens of shir mone one of the ra er y, p t y , g t , one o he e l our een ieces of brid e mone an ex t ensive f t b l , f t p g y , r men of o en ork or amule coins t wo ieces of hat asso t t p w t . p rare ea Korean issues and a ar e money ( rly ) , l g collect ion of “ ” cash issue urin the arious nas ies from the d d g v dy t ,

n h s ime . earliest dow to t e pre ent t S To t his collection M r . wasey has added a fine specimen of a note of the M ing (Lvnasty (1 86 8 Th is large hinese a er no e one of the earlies auhen ic kno n C p p t , t t t w ieces of rin e a er mone is 1 8 x 8 inches in size p p t d p p y . % % , and is rin e on mul erry of Chinese in enti on p t d b 1 v , and robably from wooden b1331? This bill was printed ur e ore G uen er i ve near y a cent y b f t b g n nted printing in

Euro e. The hinese it is claime did ook rin in p C , d , b p t g

s ear as 982 A .D. and use oo en locks f or rin i a ly , d w d b p t ng h pictures a century before t at date. ll i These valuable co ect Ons that M r . Swasey has so will r h s or add ver ingly puc a ed f us, y ex t ensively to th ose a rea o ne b the Socie and have een the asis f l dy w d y ty , b b o a number of inte resting ex hibits and talks to the historical students of the Western Reserve University .

The third collection above mentioned

me a s and is the i of our resi en . This d l , g ft p d t unique and rare collection consists of a little over 400 diflerent Linco n me als issue urin the li e or in l d , d d g f , n of A raham Li l I commemoratio b nco n . t was formed e of care ul searchi n and a i through y ars f g g ther ng together oll r th E by a private c ecto in e ast . Upon his death th e co lec ion was O ere b his Ex ecuor to the Socie and l t ff d y t ty ,

. lm r f r s I u. n i purchased by M r Pa e o addit on to the above num er of Lincoln me als here ere a ou ei h u li b d , t w b t g ty d p cates a so hir Lincoln hoto ra hic cam ai n a es , l t ty p g p g b dg , and eleven o her Eratoriesl m and one hundred t edals. This at once gives the Society as large a collection Of Linco n me als ro a l as here is in an u li l d , p b b y , t y p b c ins i ution in America ex ce in the one in the Americ n t t , pt g a Ne r Numismatic Society in w Yo k. Other accessions during the year are as follows

Da i L. Evans. Nine oman coins . From M r . v d R ’ Dmscroa s Rnroar

miscellaneous

money .

h T e Michigan Historical Commission. A small collee

hi tehea and H a e Lincoln me als. W d o g. S ven d

. . . r A l ll i n f r m e . M rs J C Ge ould . sma l co ect o o pape on y

i H . . c i M rs. St les Curtiss A ollect on consisting of 288 ol and 2 Roman coins a ashin ton , g d , , W g w and 66 pieces of paper money .

B . A 2 r r th W . ingham 1 § §c pape bill Of e city of Cleve an 1 81 6 also a sma col ec ion of Mi chi an ank l d , , ll l t g b

Ral h Baile A me al of S onewall acks n ha p y . d t J o t t ’ was dug up with some other coins on his father s plantation.

bill .

. l A s l co . M rs C ara J . Craft . mal India pper coin

M r . Geor e H . E of E ria . ive ear ank i s g ly ly F ly b b ll .

. . . n r r Hon T E Burto . A b onze inauguation medal of Presi en Ta t a 1 9 1 6 e ulican Na ional onven ion d t f , R p b t C t bronae a ge of the Burton elegates ; a silver me al issue b d “ d d ” d to himsel at the Cen enaire de la an ue de rance a f t b q F , bronse medal of the second Pan-American Scientific Con ress 1 9 1 5- 1 6 a so a co ec ion of fi ve difi erent ssues of , ; l ll t I greach five- ranc ieces and a small col ec ion of orei n f p , l t f g copper coi ns.

. A m l A el er Co e e Li rar lar e e a of Th s. d b t ll g b y g d o F . - Ba ar ambassmlor at St . ames 1 898 97 . y d . J ,

. . . ill t i M r L. A M urfey A set of the b s of he Bank of Oh o

in the ollo in enomina ions : 81 $2 , $8 . $5 , and 81 0. f w g d t , Also a framed shield of fractional currency of the United

. . A V . hr eces f fr c i n l er c M r C . ogt T ee pi O a t o a pap ur

Also there has been added to the collection Two fifteen pound notes of the State of M assachusetts Ba une 1 1 77 9 a collec ion of bills of the Re ulic of y , J , , t p b Tex as in enomina ions of $1 82 $3 $6 $20 850 $1 00 d t , . , , , , and 86 00 a set of Vi la currenc in the enomina ions , l y d t oi 25c 6 0C 81 85 and 81 0 and nine ieces of hinese , , , , ty p C

' Dmncron s REPORT w ords of appreciation for the Opportunity of having our collections to work in . May I briefly call attention to a few subjects wa gsod. F . The development of our national cu rrency . . irst Thuwas divided into several exercises :

(a) A reliminary exercise leading up to the be in of afl r g ning coinage , sta ting with the transition from m of o eans barter , then to the crude coins f the ancients . This was illustrated to the students by exhibits of the r o r ea liest coinage of the w ld , such as the Chinese and r the coins , the Chinese ea liest coinage having taken form of items or utensils used formerly in

barter . Further exhibits were made of the wampun of r the Ame ican Indians , which to a large extent f r . r o med their medium of exchange The beave skin , which was so largely adopted as a basis of value in our i r trade in colon es , was illustrated by means of ea ly manuscripts and Colonial records , showing the relative v u of r o al e many a ticles of comm n use , and of other skins in comparison with this standard .

(b) An exer cise on the Colonial cu rrency . F or r r this , the ea liest coinage of Ame ica , including the i - r p ne tree shilling of Massachusetts , the coppe coinage and paper currency of the individual states wer e ex hib I ted for r , and we were able , the pe iod , to show ir r our m t fa examples , f om numis atic collec ion , of

nearly all the different types . Late r exhibits were : the coinage of the Continental — r period , o f the pe iod succeeding the Continental r a r s through the va ious st te and p ivate bank i sues , the “ ” - il . r of w d cat issues etc , up to the pe iod the Civil r War . The last exercise embraced the cu rency of the i i our we o C v l War period , and in exhibit called attenti n s to the hortage of small currency at that time , and the use at first of postage stamps encased in a brass cover i r ng to protect them f om damage , and then the issues n r o r by the gover ment of the f acti nal postal cu rency , ’ Dmnc roa s Rm ar

r store issues , the shinplaste s , the copper tokens , and the greenbacks . Other ex ercises assigned were : the determination ’ of William Lloyd Garrison s principles and policy from “ ” r r a study of the file of the Libe ato , the great anti n r — r slavery ewspape , edited by him the dete mination r of r r r r r r of the ights employe s ove labo e s , f om a pe usal — of the eighteenth century newspapers ; readings o r r assigned in the c lonial eco ds and statutes . One exercise covered the mate rial in the museum that l o o r r would i lustrate C l nial indust ial p ocesses , which included the household utensils of the early days ; another exercise called for an examination of Coloni al

newspapers and the early American Almanacs . I call attention to these things to show how our n r collectio s can be turned to p actical use , and as fast our m w as ti e and means will permit , e want to develop

along these lines . We feel satisfied that this group of some eighty students have formed a different idea along the lines of these exercises from those wh o did o n t have the ad vantage of our collections , and in a number of cases they have become deeply interested in our work and In later years the seed that has been

planted will bring forth fruit to the Society . ’ Another inte resting feature of this year s work has been the opportunity to talk to the young ladies of o l the Normal School f Cleve and . These future teachers of our public schools were sent in divisions of some fifty at a time and it was my pleasure to talk to them ol r on the development of the d Northwest , the fo m ation of the Western Re serve and the beginnings of

Cleveland . These talks which I would hardly dignify of by the term lecture , were illustrated by the use our

early maps . The Library School of the University inede its a to r r e l annu l visit the lib a y , and in addition to x p our work and methods and showing the diversity ans our uniqueness of collection , a talk was given t o them ’ Dmncroa s B nroar on the Shaker collection as typifying a well rounded out collection on a single subject .

SPECIAL Form s Some three years ago a few friends of the Society for ur pr ovided funds p chasing along special lines , and t o si nce then , from time to time , have added these r l i funds . I know f om the wil ingness wit h wh ch these men have responded that it has been a pleasure to them do i r to th s , and the collections standing in thei names are increasing steadily from year to year . I cannot sufficiently express the gratitude of the Society for are the aid these gentlemen giving us , for it has made le to add to our collections many rare and books that we could not purchase from our

It would be most advantageous if we could add to t he list of these special funds . May I suggest a few di visi ons of our collections that need such aid ? In the li brary we should develop along the following lines :

(a) The War of 1 81 2 division . (b) Although we have ex tensive collections of some of the difi erc nt m et there are many gaps i n town histories that neecl especially of those states with which Ohio has been so o l . cl se y connected , viz , Connecticut , Massa

uset ts . Two r ch , and Virginia to th ee hundred dollars a year devoted to a single state would help wonderfully . of r r (c) A fund , and the aid all our membe s , In gathe ing material concerning the war the United States I s us j t entering upon , the vastness and importance of i one wh ch no can now foretell , but now is the time to l begin co lecting this material . (d) Books on the

American Indians . On this subject we have spent very little during the last quarter of a century . r i not Anothe divis on , in books but In numismatics , o is worthy f the aid of a number . Our collections need rounding out . In the Continental and Colonial currency there are gaps that could be filled with small outlays and make the exhibit more complete . Of no to course there Is limit what might be spent on coins , but a little each year spent judiciously would aid much .

SPECIAL F Ua O'r'ro MI LLER Fo rm

The funds that M r . Otto Miller has provided us with from time to time ha ve been devoted exclusively to purchasing genealogies and other books containing r i l family histo ies and records . Th s Is the on y resource we have for this purpose and has been of great value t o us , as it has enabled us from time to time t o pick up some of the genealogies or town records that have been urgently needed by users of the library . This year the following books have been placed to the credit of this fund :

- Swish rish ioneer in lster a r B l . I P s U nd Ame ica. o ton l ill a i Ancestra Chart of W i m L ncoln Palmer. ces r n An t y of Washi ngto . Waters.

I n ex o Honor Rolls . Linea e B ok of t e D .A. d f g o h R . ’ t s i our J acob Lit le sc se Gran i e 1 868 . D , v ll , T e Reveren A x a er M iller Va d som h d le nd of . an e of his n descenda ts.

istor and Genealo ies. B . . M il er i chmon H y g y W H l , R d , Ky 1 907 . l The American Genealogist, Vo . 1 , 1 2 Nos.

The Van P elt Genealogy.

h hurch n al T e C Ge e ogy. - - P atnam Wyoadl Snyder Genealogy.

uller eneal n F G ogy i 8 vols.

Old am u V l . ilies o Salisb r o 8 . F f y,

The House o E mma . B Sarah A. Hanna Brook i e f y , v ll ,

I nd . , 1 906 . Gen kl l Am i n ealo . A ee ourna of er ca Ances r gy W y J t y . - 1 5 in . Vols. cl um hre A L H s . . Handbook oun Biblio a A to t r h . p y , C y g p y

Lon on 1 9 1 7 . d , ’ Dmncroa s a r

F N J . H . WADE U D

o S me three years ago Mr . J . H . Wade established afund (which he later increased) In order that we might oun r d out our collection on New Jersey history . We wereespecially weak In the town histories of New Jersey and the generous recognition of our needs on the part of Mr . Wade Is enabling us to gradually build up a su itable collection on this state . We have purchased from this fund a number of um dingly valuable books ; perhaps the most valuable one , being a typewritten copy of the old manuscript re r of . co d book Elizabeth , New Jersey The other books added to this collection are as

hee er E. S . Schs iohbi and the Stran . 1 87 6 . W l , y d Earl Recor s o the Townshi o Oran e i h io ra h y d f p f g , w t b g p

Ur uhar . . Short istor o Newark 1 9 6 1 . q t, F J H y f .

hil r . . Br ie istor hath m . ho e A o C a N J . P w , C f H y f ,

1 9 1 4.

H o s live istory s w J er ey. 1 900.

J ersey. 2 vols. 1 91 8 . m r ha . a l Ger ans o New J rse 8 ers T. e . 1 95 . C b , F E y m f y

r e . 698 rin 1 8 J e s y 1 . (Rep ted 84 .)

all . . New Brunswick. 1 908 . W , J P

l . . Old M New Bru i a arkets o nsw ck. 1 91 4 . W l , J P f

r Ho . s r l ol ect n o J e Barbe we Hi to i ca C l io s f New ers y.

1 804.

S s or N l . Bro n E. . t o ul s N J . 1 90 i 7 . w , H y f y, s i our e Corwin E. T. Hi torical sc s on ccasion of the , D O Centennial Anniversary of the Reformed Dutch Church of ll t ne 1 m M i s o . .

A kinson ose h . Histor o Newark. 1 87 8 . t , J p y f u Steams J. . irst h rch in Newark Hi t i Dis . F F C ; s or cal

courses. 1 858 .

e R urch a a Histor th orme Ch t Pe ack N . J . 1 88 1 . y of ef d p , ’ Dml croa a Baron

. R I SS F F F . P ENT UND

Mr . Prentiss has very graciously added to the

fund furnished some few years ago , which we have been to r using pu chase Ohio items exclusively , as they have

been offered from time to time . With this fund we have added t o the Library 3 4 a d 1 04 r books n pamphlets bea ing on Ohio , which were lacking I n our collections . Among these books are a r r i o r number of exceedingly a e Oh imp ints , representing the earl presses in different Ohio towns ; one book o tai far r o b ne I have been unable , thus , to find t ace f r r anothe copy listed anywhe e , although I have a faint impression of having seen a copy in some collection . ’ It is John Kilbourne s Columbian Geography. published in Chillicothe by Nashec and Derby in 1 81 5 . we are pleased to get any books representing early printing, especially in Ohio .

H R W F U H . A . S E IN ND

The fund which was established by Mr . H . A . r Sherwin , just before he died , for the pu chase of books on the of Mormonism , has been means bringing into

the library some forty books and pamphlets . As fast i as the early Mormon books are offered to us , at pr ces w which seem reasonable , e have added them to our

During the year the following were purchased

B M ur 1 852 . Dos ach ormon. Ham b g,

Sd cd .

Chandleas, William. A VisiH o Salt Lake.

The r o e - Freeee, Hana. P . Lette s f an Apoetat M ormon to

His Son . ’ Dmncroa a M r

ar Aus in N M ale L e Amon the M ormons. W d , t . if g

Thomas ohn . Sketch o the M ormons. , J f

Doual. The M ormon Pro het . 1 899 g p . T ' l e r i tar 8 . h Latte Day Saints M iuen a S . Vol . 1 “ ”

ormonis ur h Review. m. Con beare The E inb M y . d g

Lon on 1 854 . d ,

- D Richar s ranklin D . Doctrines o the Latter a d , F f y

Saints. Lon on 1 857 . d , ’ Ta lder T . . . The M ormon s Own Book. Lon on . y , W P d

1 855 . ’

Ta lder T . . The M ormon s Own Book. Lon on. y , W . P d

1 867 .

S n W e . L . no Lorenzo . The O l a to B Saved on on w, y y d

1 854 .

1 858 . D e r h te New unn R v. Ba a 8 . T e Twin M ons rs. . ll d

. oun H s r n Em ri re. Cannon . Bri ham Y and i M o mo , F J g g y N . Y. (c1 9 1 8 .) P r r Lon Caswall. HeII ry . The ophet of the wth Cnuuy. don . 1 848 .

M r e H r . o ni sm nveil d. mo U artfo d 1 881 .

Lam M . r . The Golden new or a. Book .. b , ; m

N . Y. 1 397 .

ra t . . A Voice o Warnin and I n tmetion to All P t . P P f g s

eo le. 0 . E i P p th ed d nburgh . 1 847 . — - The Seer. V l . N . 2 l . o 1 os 1 1 . 2 N . . b , ; vo , os 1 6 Pu by

Book o M ormon. Liv r f e pool. 1 852 . ' Mr s. A. . i ate o M doch G The f M adam LaTowr.

N . . . Y 1 881

Parle e wthe i T Pn t P . K S e ee o o L y y o n f heot gy. Salt

Lake City . 1 87 4 .

ra arle . A Voice o Warnin and I netnaetion P tt, P y P f g

to AII eo le . M anches er En . 1 841 . P p t , g

’ Dmacroa s Baron of t the Confederate sta es , which are found only at r v now ra e inter als , have been added , filling In many gaps in our files . The largest addition to any one division made during the ye ar has been to that of Slavery ; an un usually large number of books and pamphlets of the eighteenth centur y bearing on this subject have been ’ purchased . A number of rare editions of Uncle Tom 3 in o Cabin have come , including Copies f the first

Amer ican and the first English editions . All told there have been 955 volumes and 2524 a p mphlets added to the Wm . P . Palmer Collection on r r the Civil War du ing the past yea , in addition to the manuscripts , maps , portraits , medals , etc .

ox J . D . C FUND

This last year M r . J . D . Cox has provided us with u f nds to buy a number of rare Ohio items . ’ Bibli ra h o Ohio In checking up Thomson s og p y f , we find that the Society has the larger proportion of the r books there reco ded . Among those it lacks are a m r of r nu be ve y rare Ohio items , books which only appear at long intervals in the market and then com r i mand ather h gh prices . f Mr . Cox has made it possible or us to obtain a n m of i d r s u ber these books , and has k n ly exp e sed his i r r willi ngness to aid us n this di ection f om time to time . o r hr w A m ng the books pu chased t ough this fund , e enumerate the following :

l bri e view the con uct o P enn l Wi liam Smith . A f of d f sy vania f or the year 1 755; so far as it afi ected the general so of the Bri ish colonies ar icularl the ex e i ion un er the t , p t y p d t d

la te General Bra ock . ulishe I n Lo n on 1 7 56 . dd P b d d , Report of the Lords Commissioners for trade and t H ura le hom Qanta fi ons on the petition of he ono b T as alpole for a grant of lands on the Ri ver Ohio

for the r ose of erec in a new Governmen . Lon on pu p t g t d ,

1 77 2.

i brie state o the rovi nce P enns l William Sm th . A f f p of y vania in hich the con uc of heir assem lies for several , w d t t b ’ Dm a Rm

1 7 55 .

An answer to a pamphlet entitled. A briej d ate d the

rm b a Lon on. 1 7 55 . Province of Pe ey ani . d

c Vir ini W - the laim of g a t o the vacant eet ern TerI itasy .

Published in Albany . 1 780?

Adam Walher . A journat of two cam of the . n Re im rI t o S n n r i Fa t h g e f UH I f a t y n the and

I ndiana t errit oriee un er the command of Col . ohn . , d J P - o < and Lieuenan ames M iller in 1 81 1 1 2 . eene t t J , K . Bl § l i v c i e I l 1 81 6 . Th s is a ery scar e t m and reh tes to the i i O i t l campa gns n h o , and has an ex tensive accoun of Co . ’ Ball 3 fight on the Sandusky

Thomas Hutchins. A

m h . co rehen in t e o Scio o etc Lon on . p d g , t , d

1 77 8 .

r t n r i State of the B i ish a d F ench colon es i n North America . London. 1 7 55 . In addi tion to these a number of other Ohio items have been purchased from this fund .

Gm s TO m m LIB RARY

Outside of the gifts received through special funds, probably the largest individual gift this year has bee n r that of Hon . T . E . Bu ton . This collection has just been received and has not been accessioned or even unpacked . Besides a number of volumes , there are l of t several thousand pamphlets , the accumu ation he many years of active work of Senator Burton in public to affairs . We hope as soon as possible go through this collection and ar range and classify it .

Mr . Daniel R . Taylor has shown a deep interest h in our work and on his own initiative , and at i s per of sonal expense , has sent out a large number letter s ' Dm c roa s Rapoar

aski ngfor the old text books of the early days . Alre ady we ar to r ebeginning get results from these lette s , not on i n ly In early text books , which are becom g more n er i t esting and valuable every year, but also In many o h t er books that have been unearthed In the search. T he Society owes a debt of gratitude to Mr . Taylor for underta king to gather together

formed t he basis of the education of our pioneers .

To this collection M r . Homer H . Johnson has con tributed some nine early text - books that were used by hi s ancestors . Mrs . J . C . Gerould also contributed a r n umber , besides many othe books and manuscripts .

w r . Mrs . Mabel Aakae gave t o ea ly texts

rom Lieuenan Har of Tacoma ashin on. Ad F t t t, , W gt

B s . dress on Abraham Lincoln by C . P . i sett ’

M rs. A . R . arner leve an . ni h and arson s W , C l d K g t P

sin s Di r r l llu b Wm. Bu es ecto . leve an s ra e y C d I t t d , y ’ — . Busi ness i rector l n 846 1 87 6 ee s D o leve a 1 7 . hi s P t y f C d, ’ is the second issue of Peet s directo and t he third of ’ Peet was Warner s grand

~ . . r o r ual M x ona a . The Fo uth ann . J F C w y ty f banqua

i e i i l The Amer can G ograph cal Society . E ght vo umes of our nals and a ou 1 00 num ers of heir B l heir J uletin . t , b t b t - rs. B B . k Ha nd r M renton Babcoc . m oj Lo onde ry by

. l n Mr . S . P Ba dwin is continui g to show the same interest in the Society that his father , Judge Baldwin

M r . i . n a and his uncle , Dav d C Baldwin , co st ntly mainta ined through the first thirty years of the ’ Soc iety s history . He has sent in a large number of books this year , among which is a set of the National a i u o Geogr ph cal Society P blicati ns , bound in half morocco ; a number of early Ohio imprints ; Professor ’ ’ A si atic Russi a r or r r W t a , also P ofess W ight s Sto y

and Work. w to of y Life All told e are indebted Mr .

Bal dwin for 1 1 0 volumes and about 1 00 pamphlets . ’ Dmnc'ron s Rnroar

Some of th e other gifts to the library have bee n as

r . . . ar e One hun re and hir oun M P W H v y . d d t ty b d

M . ch k One h n e m c l r . i coc . u r is e aneous M s. P H t d d l

. S . i . Ten is ne us o es . M r T . Kn ght m cella o v lum S me A ori nal S an r en River M r . . B . M oore . o b i itu G e C g , Kentucky.

n . M oore . A collection of 1 00 ks M r . Fra k B boo and

m M o r . pamphlets gi ven in the na e of Caroline B . o e

i ch s . A r Col . John P . N ol on numbe of different lots of l ts n the ivil r pamph e o C Wa .

0. . Nor on hica o . Attack and De ense o Little W t , C g f f - Roun To Arm le ers 1 86 1 6 5 and Two Bule Calls . d p; y tt , ; , g

s L E. akle . One of fi v e i en ies Mi s . y e ty wr tt co of ' O p p k her Biogra cal S etch of Calvary M orris. m Cleveland t Co pany .

mes armelee ashin n D . . V ume 2 M r . a o ol o J P , W gt , C f ’ o o ra h o M anhattan l nd Stokes Ic n g p y f Is a .

en s lv nia S a e Li rar . P enns lvania archi ves P n y a t t b y y .

2 vols.

rkins hir v l m r s t i . u es f s E. e . T o r M r . R P ty o the P e by e an M issi nar Socie and a num er f o her ol Home o y ty b o t v umes .

l lm D u Lakevi e o . H ric l C l e a co . R C nn isto a o l c M dd, ll , i e o ur tions Relat n to th T wn Salisb onn. 2 o s . g Qf y. C v l

s D . ar r u rance . Tenne W ia M rs. F y D y of L men Har ris - 86 Tenney. 1 86 1 1 5 .

illi am Th m son. Li e o G r . S M r . W o p f f eo ge H tewart; also ’ s o e e M arsh St ry of the J ubil e Si ng rs. ’ l - . . Throsse . or i h vol s f ar M rs. F W F ty e g t ume o H per s l M onthly. and 3 9 miscel aneous volumes.

M r . in . Earl Year e s er George C . W g y s on th We t n Re

B s i m ' H . N Y rk . A n f M r . D . a e ew o C u a o ooks t , ty b b and pam hlets earing on the history of the Unite ' b d i l r States M tary Te egraph Co ps. i ' M r . . . B x . orres on ence o homo: c er a y f T J fl on . — W K b C p d 1 77 8 1 826 . i ' . E kst n s Hon. . A . Arms r M r c e Ca e . P t ong s The

Piaaa or the Devil Amon the n ians . , g I d ’ Dmnc'roa s Rnroar

’

Mr . r H . C S es er s n ian Wars o N w Arthu lark. ylv t I d f e

’

. C . L. r . Ch e M De ew s Some View: Mrs Cla ke aunc y . p

M r ohn B . C emen . Statutes o the Baronial Order o . J l t f f Runnemede The Clevela nd Foundation. Seventeen volumes of the

M f l The Cleveland useum o Art . Catalog of the l naugura

. A. oakle . oun a ion S ones o Grea M r . J C y F d t t f a t ’

Di St. P ul athe ral e r s ocese b Lambin . a s R co . i , y g C d d P tt

i is i l S i Records o the Connec Connect cut H to r ca oc ety . f of the Connecticut State Society of the Cinci nnati . 1 783

1 807 .

M rs . C ra . One hun re ma i es and lara J . C ft d d gaz n a number of other interesting items.

Mrs. S . . ur iss hose hus an was Secretar of the H C t , w b d y ’ e i s 9 v l s n h Society in the arly n nety . 1 9 o ume a d 62 pamp s m i r l s i e. le t , o tly of an h storical o genea og cal natur

C M . e . Nine of hi s a r ss s. Hon. . D pew dd e e W Di A M m . . o 1 50 m h e s r . . G ets u a on inance b t p p l t F , A vol et c . bound ume W C i vil ar and Spanish m v l a nu ber of other a uble books .

. o W M r . . A n . Di r illiam Bent 1 7 84 F Emmerto a y f ley.

1 8 1 9 . 4 vols.

s. . . i l s o Mr H C . Ford F ve vo ume of the City C uncil 885 . Seven volumes of the Annual

- s l h . G ns . Ninet sev o s a E tate of Co . C as ibbo y en bo k nd l Si pamph et s.

D H. H n erson. A set of the li i r . C . a d pub cat ons of the ’

S o uhern His orical Socie . r h s Histor o levela n t t ty O t y f C d , ’

vo ls. Har er s Pictorial Histor o the i vil War 3 p y f C . i E. L. arris. S x co ies of en r l Hi M rs. H ty p C t a gh School a ers and 7 5 miscel aneous erio ica s. p p , l p d l

T e ar u - r M . D. Hat ter. h A on B rr Ex e ition M s. p d ; rom las Bro - et r E hrai m Brown Si wn. L te s to p f 1 805 1 81 5 . ’ Dmncroa s Rm :

GENEALOG ICAL COLLECTI ONS

o f r genealogical magazines from year to year , about 1 00 genealogies , including those purchased from the

Otto Miller fund , have been added to this depart ment Of these we note the following

rom The Bur on His ori cal Li rar b ex chan e . F t t b y , y g - Forty two genealogies .

. T ler of J y , 2 vols. W New on hi s Ba . A co of T e hi Rev . t W tmar h tes py h t marsh Genealogy. The Daughters of Founders and Patri ots of Amer ica. The Lineage Books for 1 9 1 0. 1 01 1 . 1 9 1 3 . 1 9 1 4 and 1 9 1 6 . ur or e M r . sle . r A co th B ne We y B Buford . py of e f d G

M r . . B . Ca e Dun ar on Va . The M a ors and Thei r J b ll , b t , j

- . . s r m 1 0 Rev R T . ro s. The G ant a il 1 601 9 5 a so C F y, ; l a e e The P rtridg G nealogy.

M r . s is F es. Ste hen ate and H Descend red H . Gat p G

ants , 1 898 . Notes o the uker am o t Charles Hadley . f Qa F ily f Humiliy

M rsi M r 13 Neal anaf r . amil Recor s o t . a y . H o d F y d f he H r l o d Fami y. hio V e ene o i O all y G al g es .

. . w T e J e merica. . l o M r Geo A . Je ett h wett Fami y f A M urti e Gen a o H L. ie . M o r . . M ourt cC e l W . cC gy; also

. Ge r T e r r d e ne M r o ge H. Part rid h P a t i g Ge alogy . M Qv ls r . Hosea Paul . The ewett Genealo o an he gy, ” d t Year Book o e J ewett il ss cia o or 1 1 - f th Fam y A o ti n f 9 2 1 3 .

M r l . e a e Descent . . Char es L. Peirson Th P g

M r . D l tur ies the Re S . . Eleven en o . Rockwe l C of m te neset

. e e e l . M r . E L. rson . Th yerson G n a ogy

M r . E . Se rs enwick Allie A ncestr . . J . F d y

M r . Br r e the S e adfo d Sherman. Gen alogy of h rman D nd r e n ML H . L Shiner esce anu o Sh er q e g Huse i . l m ie rri S it h . rom One Generati on to M rs. Ann M o F - A nother and M oorill Kin re i n Ameri ca . , d d

l . l D m . T e P Be Mr . . S i h h k amrl cord vo 1 C arence ac F . t y ,

We have increased our newspaper collection this year by 1 7 7 bound volumes and by as many more

I n addition many gaps in our files have been filled

r r r . by obtaining single numbe s he e and the e These , r r ul a large numbe , have been ca ef ly liste d and put in their respective files . Nearly all the additions to this collection have been obtained by ex change or gift . Am ong the bound volumes obtained this year are A bound volume containing a number of th e issues of t h e Cleveland Register for 1 81 8 and a run (not com etc) v nd er — M rs t H ld 81 8 25 is is the i 0 . f he Cle ela a 1 . Th o , g ft

A . ' - A file of the Ba olo Eveni n ost 1 85 1 1 866 . j — g P , The Nation . 1 865 6 8 .

The Lon on Chronicle 1 764 and 1 77 7 . d , e ll e ne ei u 1 860—1 865 Th A gem i Z t ng, . t t“ 0 The Bos on Gene , 1 801 , 1 8 4 . The North American and Unite States Gazette Philaw d , - hin l ass 69 . d olp , The P ress hila el hia 1 86 1 1 866 . P d p , — he South l imore 1 86 1 2 . T , Ba t ,

ommerce Banki n C —, g, ti , 1 854 1 868 .

The Star Ravenna hio 1 832 . , , O , The olumbian Centi nel 1 7 92—1 7 96 C . — The Zanewille Visitor, 1 837 8 .

The Torch. 1 9 1 6 .

I n addition to the above the Society has subscribed f o r a set of the photot copies of the Boston News L er 1 7 04 Letter. The News ett , founded in by John

’ Dmncroa s Rm ar

by the engineers of the Confederate army and r r used by General B axton B agg m his campaigns .

. . . i we r From Mr C W B ngham , have eceived an exceedingly interesting manuscript map covering the territory from Lake Erie to Lake Ontario along the

Niagara Ri ver . This map was made dur ing the War of 1 8 1 2 and shows all the fortifications and defences m this section .

r . Mr . Allen Seve ance A manuscript map of an of o ear allotment m the village Br oklyn .

r . H . A . Streator . An early map of North

By purchase several maps have been placed in the ’ ’ So ciety s collection , including Hennepin s map of the ’ s 1 687 Bellin s M issi sippi region , ; map of New France , 7 55 w 1 , sho ing the Great Lakes and as far south as the Ohio Ri ver ; also an early map of Ohio showing the r t wo Weste n Reserve with only county divisions , viz

Geauga and Trumbull . On account of the inaccessibility and the fear of d licat ion. little has been done of late years towards m our l map col ection , except by such maps as n were ofi er ed as gifts . With the installi g of our new cases and the cataloging of the collection on hand , we can devote efforts to its increase .

MANUSCR IPTS The manuscript collections of the Society have re cei ved many valuable additions . The latest consists of many of the private papers and correspondence of

. r r H o n. T . E Bu ton . This la ge collection has just been re ceived but no effort has been made as yet to classify

The collection on the Civil War given by M r . Palmer has been increased by a large number of rare

manuscripts . To call attention to all the items received o too for r in this collecti n would be extensive this eport , collect ion rha s but allow us to mention one special , pe p Statement by Cutler and Sargent to tbe Board of the

' A Financial Statement by the h 'eamrer of the Ohio

of tbe First Police West of the Ohio

of the Establishment of Military

The Statement ohn M ay as Chairman of the

The General Statement of the Agencies af the Ohio

l The Protest of the Rhode I s and Proprietors. ' al r Cutler s Ex planation of the Du Puchase. l Tm et ters by M anasaeh Cut er . The S a emen of ichar a Treasurer of the t t t R d Pl tt,

l l List of 1 60 Acre I o ts in Co one May s Agemcy .

O

XVII .

A Le er b ames Bo oin A ri tt y J wd , p l The S a emen b ohn M a e ruar t t t y J y , F b y Copy of a Lett er from John unam M a 7 1 796 . P t , y , Le er rom il iam ufus unam to ohn M tt f W l R P t J ay,

Decem er 29 1 7 96 . b , Le er from illiam ufus unam to ohn Ma tt W R P t J y ,

u 1 4 1 797 . J ly , Le er rom illiam Rufus unam to ohn Ma tt f W P t J y,

Auus 2 1 7 97 . g t , 64 Co py of a Letter from John May to Benjamin Tal

ma e Auus 24 1 79 7 . dg , g t , A Deed fr m John M a A ent to One of the o y , g , rietors in His A enc A ril p g y , p Co of a Letter from John M ay to William Rufus

tnam A ri 1 4 1 799 . , p l , Let er rom il iam Rufus unam to ohn M a t f W l P t J y,

Decem er 1 1 1 799 . b , A Statement of Tax es and a Letter fr om William Ruus unam o ohn M a M arch 25 1 8 t 00. f P t J y , , A Le er from i iam uus unam to ohn Ma tt W ll R f P t J y , July A S a emen of Tax es on the Ohio Lan s une 1 2 t t t d , J ,

1 801 . A Copy of a Lett er from John M ay to William Rufus

unam Se em er 1 8 1 801 . incom le e P t , pt b , ( p t ) A Statement of Tax es and Attached Letter from illiam Ruus Putnam to John M a ul W f y , J y A Copy of a Letter from John M ay to William Rufus unam Octo er P t , b A Copy of a Lett er from John M ay to William Rufus

unam c o er 26 1 802 . P t , O t b , A Le er rom Manasseh Culer to ohn M a une tt f t J y , J

28 , 1 803 . A Copy of a Letter from John M ay to William Rufus unam ecem er 26 1 806 . P t , D b , A Le er rom i l iam Ruus unam to ohn Ma tt f W l f P t J y ,

Au s 804 . gut 1 8, 1 of a Let ter from John May to William Ruf us

tnam No em er 1 4 1 804 . , v b , Let er from i liam Rufus unam t o ohn M a t W l P t J y ,

A s 1 0 1 805 . ugut , y of a Letter from John M ay to William Rufus

tnam Novem er 4 1 805 . , b , Le t er rom illiam Rufus unam to ohn M a t f W P t J y ,

anuar 7 1 806 . J y , State ment of Tax es and

1 806 . A Copy of a Letter from John M ay to William Rufus unam c o er 1 8 1 806 . P t , O t b , A Copy of a Letter from John M ay to William Rufus

unam Oc o er 26 1 806 . P t , t b ,

INTRODUCTION

The appearance in print of the Records of the

r r r r . u Ohio Company , edited by P ofesso A che B H lbert, seems t o make this a par ticularly appropriate time to publish the John May Papers which are in the manu script collections of the Western Reserve Historical r o o Soci ety . The Histo y of the Ohi Company t gether with that of the Connecticut Land Company to which the Weste rn Reserve Historical Society devoted its last annual publication forms a remarkable phase of the expansion of New England and of its share in the

Westward movement . Conditions were ripe in New f England after the Revolution or such a movement . The land bounties promised by Congress to bolster up the volunteer system of recruiting the Continental armies had produced a class which looked to the West i r r o as the locat on of its ewa d . The issues of b nds or certificates of one form or another had created a form of national indebtedness which the holders wished to invest on more favorable terms th an the general market

permitted . Congress had possession of western lands by 1 7 87 and was ready to bargain them away in order

to liquidate a portion of its national indebtedness . The Ohio country south of the Connecticut Western rv th e r r r Rese e and east of Vi ginia Milita y Rese ve , except a small reserve of acres on the Tuscarawas River for the Christian Indians under the care of th e r r o r United Breth en o Moravian missi na ies , was open

f or white settlement . Congress had formulated a land

policy in 1 7 85 . By this the western lands were to be surveyed into townships six miles square and sections o i one mile square . Seven ranges or tiers f townsh ps lying immediately west of the Pennsylvania boundary r f were being su veyed , and as fast as surveyed o fered r o for sale at a dolla an acre , half in whole t wnships and

half in section lots . But bidders were scarce and sales 67 bounty claims counted in the ratio of a dollar for every

- acre of the claims up to one seventh of the subscription . Professor Hulbert emphasizes the influence of the Society of the Cincinnati and the American Union Lodge of Masons m the formation of the Ohio Com n ofii r pany . The congenial New E gland army ce s bound together by long service in the Revolution and by common membership 1 1 1 the t wo great of men of the time produced a fertile undertaking which called for cooperation or team work

whether of land speculation or political activity . It may be of interest to point out that the Connecticut Land Company was also a product of that fertile field r for cooperation . The leaders we e officers of the Rev ’ olutionary army . Seven of the Ohio Company s stock holders became members of the Connecticut Land ‘ Company . Moses Cleaveland who had two shares or $2000 in the Ohio Company became a chief promoter of the Connecticut Company with in the latter enter w of prise . He as an officer the Revolution , a leading of r member of the Society the Cincinnati , and a G and Marshall of the Grand Lo dge of Masons of Connecti

cut . Certainly the promoters of these companies, men

r . like Gene als Samuel H Parsons , Rufus Putnam , Ben l r W jamin Tupper , Moses C eaveland , Majo mthmp r an Sa gent , Lieuten t Ephraim Kirby and the Reverend r N w Manasseh Cutle , belonged to a common e England

class with wide associations , business and professional . There is no evidence in the records of of any direct connections between the was a common thing for men of affairs to be members

of several land speculating companies . The same men who were colonizing Ohio were exploiting the lands of

western New York and Maine .

I N'rsonccrrzoN 7 1

The Connecticut Land Company which purchased t he Western Reserve in 1 7 95 after the hard times of 1 79 1 and 1 792 and after the conquest of the Indians 1 ) General Anthony Wayne in 1 7 95 escaped from many ff o s i J the di icul ties . which the Ohio C mpany e per e nced . By the time any considerable population was s r i rr r Re e ve , Oh o te ito y had and cast its protecting influence over

1 1 . The Connecticut Company did not h ave the same problems of politica l organization which

th e Ohio Company had . More was left in the Western R eserve to the initiative of the settlers ; there was less

of company activities . Both showed to a marked

the evils of absentee landlordism . The stock h o d ders who remaine in the east found sales slow , o u c mplained of taxes , and would seem to have fo nd ’ r t he stock a poo investment . M r . Shepard s article in the Annual Publication of the Western Reser ve Histor ical Society for 1 9 1 6 showed that the Connecticut r Company surveyed its lands , cleared a few wood oads , and gave away a few small lots of land and small sums of m oney as bounties to encourage the establishment f - i h o saw mills and flour mills . A read ng of the O io Company Re cords impresses one with the wider i activities of ts Board of Directors . They did all for the settlers on their lands which the other companies of the day did and much more because the times re

quired it . During the trying early years they acted as a Board of Police and concerned themselves not only with the defenses of the little community but minutely l regu ated the local government of the settlements . r They engaged a ministe and a teacher , and for some ears bore h l r e y t e a g part of the ex penses. The minutes of the mee tings of the Directors become an interesting study in the regulation of frontier life by a proprietary

company . The Dire ctors and Agents carried the r r i of 1 7 9 1 company th ough the ha d t mes , the serious losses ca used by the speculations and bankruptcy of r r r the Treas u e , and a four yea Indian War . Houses 72 INTRODUCTION

of were provided for the refugees the Indian War . Lands were given to the Nova Scotia refugees near Fort d r Harmer and for the French emig ants at Gallipolis . The measures to advance the inter ests of the small investor and the poor settl er go beyond those of the other companies of the day and are in striking con trast to the indifference and undemocratic features of of n r on the rival policy Co g ess the Seven Ra nges . No stockholder in the Ohi o Company co uld take more than five shares ; poor men could club together in

r . r i taking a single sha e All lands we e d vided by lot . Houses were built in Marietta by the company for or n of the first immigrants . The w kme the company or were paid m cash lands , and if m lands on liberal of o r terms . While not many the stockh lde s migrated to the company lands those who did had what amounted ’ r to a bonus . Each stockholde s allotments as a share

holder amounted to 1 1 7 3 acres per share . In addition he might if he had been a Revolutionary soldier take up his bounty lands which varied with his rank from 1 00 acres for the privates to 800 for capta ins and 500 o for colonels . Above these rights the stockh lders who settled on the company lands had a prior claim t o the extent of 1 00 acres in the Donation t racts provided they located on one of them and fulfilled the conditions - r of the homesteader . Noup oprietors who settled on ' one of the Donation tracts which were located in difler ’ ent parts of the company s purchase secured homestead s on the same terms . The obligations were analagous “ ” to the corn and cabin rights of Virginia . The settler must within five years have built a house with a cellar r 2 and chimney and have clea ed and planted 0 acres . Within three years 50 apple or pear trees and 20 peach t r trees mus be g owing . Yet withal the growth of t he colony was slow . The Ohio Company divided its lands among the members in 1 7 96 and from that event to have much influence on I sr aooccrron 73

r May . The pape s had remained undisturbed since ’ hi r l e May s death , except that s Jou nal and a few ett rs ‘ u a had been removed and published . A f ll examin tion of the contents of the chest revealed a varied mass of ' papers of a man of aflairs in Boston and in the Ohio country . Let ters and documents from Manasseh as Cutler , William Rufus Putnam and George W hington one were in the disordered lot . John May!:was of the i for active founders of the Oh o Company , an Agent 35 f 81 7 26 st ockholders representing shares out o , and owner himself of what amounted to four shares though 1 w only one was in his own name . In 7 88 he spent t o mon ths in Marietta occupied wit h the business of the Ohio Company and with developing the land which fell to his share in the firs“t allotment . He took with im f ” h a party o laborers , stout hearty men , whom r r he provisioned and paid th ee o four dollars a month . At Pittsburgh he secured a covered flat boat capable r - of carrying a bu den of forty fi ve tons . This served r to transpo t the party with tools , sup lies and live — p stock cows , hogs , and dogs . At Mari et ta the boat furnished lodging until a log house was built , and then ’ r f supplied the lumbe for the floors o the house . May s of 1 8th Journal is an interesting account century travel , westward migration and frontier activities . contemplated occupying with his family the house which he built in Manetta the plan 8 was abandoned . During 1 7 9 he made a second and

N W -N OW “ W d afi ve to h ,m “th e “to M h I M t w fi 7 4 I ra -nonun i on

W . i his final visit to the “ est Th s one was on a t rading r adventure with a floating sto e . One concludes from his letters that the undertaking was only moder ul ately successf . He found the western“storekeepers to whom he expected to sell his wares in a miserable ” o r the rr way . Ginseng r skins we e cu ency of the trad e . The remainder of his relations with the Ohio Company r r r were those of an absente e p op ieto and Agent . In the latter capacity he was virtually a sub- treasurer of t e for r h company a Boston group of prop ietors , twenty h six ia number . W ile May was an active member of the Ohio Company his influence was secondary to h r that of Manasse Cutle , Rufus Putnam and possibly one or two others . He kept copies of the compa ny hi records and correspondence which came to m. Some r r of this mate ial appa ently does not exist elsewhere . The following selection from the May Papers is sub mitted as a contribution of sources for the history of one of the most important movements in the coloni u sation of Ohio . It sho ld supplement the Marietta

College Historical Collections . DESCRIP TION OF OHIO

I N'raont 'roar Now

The Map was apparently prepared for use in sell

i . r ing the Sc oto Lands in France The o iginal map , e or t h auth of which is unknown , and the Explanation of the Map by Manasseh Cutler were clearly intended for the use of prospective subscribers to the stock of ‘ i o the Oh Company . This ao- called Explanation of the Map is placed at the head of the documentary Side Lights on the ’ Ohio Company from May s Papers . It ex hibits some of the extravagance of statement characteristic of real estate promoting . The author foresaw a time within twenty years when there will be more people on the weste rn than on the eastern waters of the United ” St ate s and made the suggestion that Congress might adopt a sort of a peripatetic federal capital migrating w west ard with the seat of empire . It represents on the whole the more intelligent eastern opinion of the Ohio

coun try in 1 7 87 and its prospects . The chief value of t he document as a primary source for the history of the Ohio M pany lies in the emphasis which it places on the water routes . It is clear that one of the chief motives in locating the new town at the juncture of the Ohio and Muskingum Rivers was the same as that the Connecticut Land Company to locate its chief settlement at the mouth of the Cuya h s hoga . T e Cuyahoga and the Mu kingum were parts of a main hi ghway between the Ohio River and Lake l n Erie. Cutler like his contemmraries was thinking

the terms of small boats, river navigation and portage r paths. With thei knowledge they were right in 7 6 Tue 01 1 1 0 Cour amr

locating the weste rn settlements at the junctions in

the western river system .

DOCUM ENT AN/ EXPLANATION/ OF THE/ MAP/ WHIC H DELINEATES THAT PART OF THE/ FEDERAL r i LANDS ,/ Comp ehended between Pennsylvan a West r o Sioto r Line , the Rive s Ohi / and , and Lake E ie ; co n firmed to the UNITED STATES/ by sundry Tribes of 1 7 84 Indians , in the Treaties of and and

now ready for Settlement .

sawm z/ R E B Y B E C US RI NG P INT D DA N Y AND ,/ X M DCCLXX VI I .

N w- r 28th r 1 8 e Yo k , Octobe , 7 7 .

r o Having attentively pe used the f llowing pamphlet , describing part of the wester n territory of the United

States , I DO CERTIFY , that the facts therein related , r il r especting the fert ity of the soil , p oductions , and

r &c . are o gene al advantages of settlement , judici us , r orr r just and t ue , and c espond with obse vations made by me during my residence of upwards of ten years in that country . Thomas Hutchma r r Geog aphe of the United State s .

7 8 THE OHIO COMPANY vast variety of congregated streams which visit the i ocean through the channel of the Bl iss sippi . THE n to M issisi i Ohio, from Pen sylvania the pp , r r divides the State of Vi ginia from the fede al lands , o r the lands which do not fall within the limits of any particular State These extend westward to the i i i and r r M iss s pp , no thwa d to the boundary of the the u r United States , excepting only Connectic t eserv e , rr r r r which is a na ow st ip of land , bo de ing on the south r 2 of Lake E ie , and stretching 1 0 miles west of th e

western limit of Pennsylvania . But a small proportio n r a lands is as yet pu chased of the n tives , and o to be disposed f by Congress . Beginning on the i r meridan line , wh ch fo ms the western boundary of r Pennsylvania , they have su veyed and laid off ranges of townships . As a north and south line r o the Ohio in a ve y blique direction , the termination of the seventh range falls upon that river 9 miles above

the Muskingum , which is the first large river that falls

into the Ohio . It forms this junction at 1 7 2 miles r of below Fo t Pitt , including the windings the Ohio ,

though m a direct line it is but 90 miles . 1 3 ex tin The lands m which the Indian title ed , i are now r and wh ch purchasing unde the Uni States, r are bounded as before desc ibed on the east , by t he t on great Miami on the wes , by the Ohio the south , and exte nd near to the head waters of the Muskingum

and Sioto on the north . HE s T Mu kingum is a gentle river , confined by banks r 5 so high as to prevent its ove flowing . It is 2 0 yards it wide at s confluence with the Ohio , and navigable by r to Three Le s la ge batteaux and barges the g ; and , by r small ones , to the lake at its head . F om hence , by a

portage of about one mile , a communication is opened r r Ca aho a t o Lake E ie , th ough the y g , which is a stream r a n of g e t utility , navigable the whole le gth , without

o r o ro . Eric any bst ucti n f m falls From Lake , the avenue is well known to the Hudson 1 n the State of - r New York . The most conside able portage in this Tax JonN M a r Par ana 7 9

r u route is at the fall of Niaga a , which interr pts the communication between the lakes Erie and Ontario . r r From the latte you pass through the iver Oswego , the ’ r Oneyda lake , Wood s creek , and find a sho t portage an r l into the Mohawk , and othe occasioned by a fal of o ne ar the confluence the Mohawk and the Huds n , at Albany . Tn Hockhockin r e g esembl s the Muskingum , t hough somewhat inferior in size . It is navigable for r 7 0 il for o la ge boats about m es , and small nes much r are farther . On the banks of this ve y useful stream rr - r found inexhaustible qua ies of free stone , la ge beds

O f 1 ron ore r . , and some ich mines of lead Coal mines and salt springs are frequent in the neighborhood of are r r e r this stream , as they in eve y pa t of the w ste n te rr itory . The salt that may be obtained from these springs will afford an inexhaustible store of that nseca o sary article . Beds of white and blue clay , f an excellent n r quality , are likewise fou d he e , suitable for the manu f r r r . actu e of glass , c ockery and othe earthen wares Red hole and many other useful fossils have been Observed on the branches of this river . THE Sioto is a larger river than either of the preced in g , and opens a more extensive navigation . It is ss for 200 pa able large b for miles , with a portage of 4 l to the only mi es Sandusky , a good navigable r st eam that falls into the lake Erie . Through the S andusky and Sioto lies the most common pass from Canada t o the Ohio and Mississippi ; one of the most ex tensive and useful communications that are to be found in any country . Prodigious extensions of r and , f om the rapidity with of Canada, lake Erie and the i Kentucky count r es are settling, we may anticipate

between them . The lands on rders of r the bo these middle streams, from this ci cum fr ir r sta nce alone , aside om the natural fe tility , must be r tl . r endered vas y valuable There is no doubt , but flou , 80 Tc mo Cour m

great country between the lakes Huron and Ontario , wi ll find an easier outlet through lake Erie and these

r r . r rive s , than in any other di ection The Ohio me chant r of for can give a highe price than those Quebec , these commodities ; as they may be transported from the - l and the West India is ands , wit h less r r il expense , risk and insurance , than f om the latte ; wh e the expense from the place of growth to the Ohio will u o to not be one fo rth of what it w uld be Quebec , and much less than even to the Oneyda lake . The stream io 1 r : of S to s gentle , no where b oken by falls At some r r r places , m the sp ing of the yea , it ove flows its banks , f r providing or large natu al rice plantations . Salt n r -s spri gs , coal mines , white and blue clay , and f ee tone, i abound m the country adjoining th s river . r m o THE undistinguishing te ms of ad irati n , that are co mmonly used in speaking of the natural fertility of the country on the western waters of the Unite d l f o States , wou d render it di ficult , with ut accurate r r r o attention in the su veys , to asc ibe a p eference t any particular part ; or to give a just description of the r er o territory unde consid ati n , without the hazard of being suspected of exaggeration ; But i n this we have r the united opinion of the Geographer , the Su veyors, and every traveller that has been intimately ac uint r r q a ed with the country , and ma ked eve y natural object with the most scrupulous exactness—That no part of the federal territory unites so many ad van r r r tages , in point of health , fe tility , va iety of p oduction , o r r and f reign inte cou se , as that tract which stretches from the Muskingum to the Sioto and the Great hfI iami

n vers.

COL. R r GO DON , in his jou nal , speaking of a much r r r of r la ge ange count y , in which this is included , and o r wi makes unques“ti nably the finest pa t , has the follo ng observation : The country on the Ohio is every where r pleasant , with la ge level spots of rich land ; and

remarkably healthy . One general remark of this nature will serve for the whole tract of the globe compre THE JOHN M a r Pumas 8 1

b ended between the western skirts of the Alleghany mountains ; thence running southwesterly to the dis~ t ance of 500 miles to the Ohio falls ; then crossing them nor therly to the heads of the rivers that empty them selves into the Ohio ; thence east along the ridge that ’ r sepa ates the lakes and Ohio s streams , to French — re r r r r C ek This count y may , f om a p ope knowledge, be affirmed to be the most healthy , the most pleasant , the t o r r mos c mmodious and most fe tile spot of ea th , ” kno wn to the European people . THE lands that feed the various streams above m n r e tioned , which fall into the Ohio , are now mo e r i a c curately known , and may be desc ibed w th con

fi de nce and precision . They are interspersed with all t he variety of soil which conduces to pleasantness of n s ituatio , and lays the foundation for the wealth of an a gricultural and manufacturing people . Large level o r 20 t o 50 i b ot t ms , or natu al meadows , from miles n c r r r ircuit , are every where found borde ing the ive s , r a nd variegating the country in the i nte ior parts . These a flord as rich a soil im i and ma be as can be ag ned , y

r educed to proper cultivation with very little labour . I t is said that in many of these bottoms a man may r i r clea an acre a day , fit for plant ng with Indian co n ; no being underwood ; and the trees , growing very i h r h gh and large , but not t ick togethe , need nothing

mg growth of timber and the more l or r — re — useful trees are , map e suga tree sycamo black — — and whi te mulberry black and white walnut butter —c — nut hesnut white , black , Spanish and chesnut

- — — — oaks hickory c herry buckwood honey l o c u s t — — — — elm horse chesnut cucumber tree lynn tree gum — — — — — tree iron wood ash aspin sassafra c rab apple — — s tree panpaw or custard apple a variety of plumb — i r r . trees n ne ba k spice , and leathe wood bushes Gen eral Parsons measured a black walnut tree near the i u r r n Musk ng m, whose ci cumfe e ce , at five feet from

22 . o r the ground , was feet A sycam re , nea the same 82 Tns Oai o Cmi rm

m a ur s 44 feet in circumference at soni fi place e s e ,

r . e and ac oak distance fro m the g ound Whit bl k , and - r chestnut , with most of the above mentioned timbe s , grow large and plenty upon the high grounds . Both the high and low lands rodnos vast quantities of of v r o ds i l natural grapes a i us , of wh ch the sett ers universally make a sufficiency for their own consump tion of rich red wine . I t is asserted in the old set tle ’ r v ment of St . Vincent s , whe e they ha e had opportunity . r r r to try it , that age will ende this wine prefe able to most of the European wines . Cotton is the natural

of r wsin . production this country , and g o great perfection THE sugar maple is a most valuable tree for an r of inland country . Any numbe inhabitants may be r f i of r foreve supplied with a su fic ency sugar , by p eserv ing a few trees for the use of each family .

of r 9. r yield about ten pounds suga year, and the labou is very trifling : The sap is extracte d in the months of ? r r and i Feb ua y March , and granulated , by the s mple r of r ] ope ation boiling , to a suga equal in flavour and whiteness to the best Muscovado . SPRINGS of excellent water abound 1 n every part o rr r s r a for this te ito y ; and small and large t e ms , mi ll‘ o r 13 and ther purposes , are actually inte spersed , as art r no fi of by , that the e be de ciency in any the con

VERY little wast e land 1 8 to be found i n any part 0 the tract of country comprehended i n the map which o accompanies this . There are n swamps ; and t hougl‘ swellin the hills are frequent , they are gentle and g, n where high nor incapable of tillage . They are Of of deep , rich soil , covered with a heavy growth timber.. r and well adapted to the p oduction of wheat ,

&c. indigo , tobacco , THE communications sea will be principally in the Sioto o 1 . Th e route through the and Muskingum t r n lake Erie , and so to the iver Hudson ; which has bee already described . Ta n Joan M ar Par ana 83

2 . o THE passage up the Ohi and Monongahela , to

- the portage above mentioned , which leads to the P w r navigable waters of the oto mac . This po tage is 30 r r miles , and will p obably be rende ed much less by the execution of the plans now on foot for opening the navigation of those waters .

3 . TH E r b g eat Ken awa , which falls into the Ohio i Ho khockin from the Virgin a shore , between the c g and ioto o r the S , pens an extensive navigation f om the o d 8 o r s utheast , an leaves but 1 miles p rtage f om the

v r r . na igable waters of James iver , in Vi ginia This or communication , f the country between Muskingum io r r o and S to , will p obably be mo e used than any ther, for th of r e exportation manufactures , and othe light r nd for r and valuable a ticles ; a , especially , the impo t i n o r at o of f reign commodities , which may be b ought from the Chesapea k to the Ohio much cheaper than they are now carried from Philadelphia to Carlisle and i the other thick settled back co unties of Pennsylvan a .

4 . BUT the current down the Ohio and the Mis si i i for or s pp , heavy articles that suit the Fl ida and - o r o r West India markets , such as c n , fl u , beef , lumber, i &c . w ll be more frequently loaded than any streams on earth . The distance from the Sioto to the Missis ippi is 800 miles ; from thence to the sea is 900. This whole course is easily run in 1 5 days ; and the passage up those rivers is not so difficult as has usually been

r . r rep esented It is found , by late expe iments , that sails are used to great advantage against the current : o ion of the Ohio And it is worthy of bervat , that in all probability steam - boats will be found to do infinite ser vice in all our extensive river navigation . SUCH is the state of the facts relative to natural advanta ges of the territory described in the annexed ) r r ma . As far as observations in passing the ive s , g r r r r l the t ansito y ema ks of travel ers , will justify o r o r an opini n , the lands farthe down , and in the parts of ro r d u r r oi the unapp p iate co nt y , a e not equal , in p nt of r to r soil and othe local advantages , the t act which 84 Tan 08 1 0 Courm

r r . i r ur is he e desc ibed Th s , howeve , cannot be acc ately r r o of t dete mined , as the p esent situati n these coun ries will not admit of that minute inspection which has been

bestowed on the one under consideration . I T 1 8 r Ohio Com an a happy ci cumstance , that the p y are about to commence the settlement of this country r in so egular and judicious a manner . It will serve as a wise model for the future settlement of all the federal so r lands ; at the same time that , by beginning nea the r of n o weste n limit Pennsylva ia , it will be a c ntinuation of m no a s the old settle ents , leaving vac nt lands expo ed to be seized by such lawless banditti as usually mfest the frontiers of countries distant from the seat of

government . TH e o r E d sign of Congress and f the settle s is , that the settlements shall proceed regularly down the Ohio ; o t and n rthward to lake Erie . And it is probable hat ore r not many years Will elapse , bef the whole count y above Miami will be brought to that degree of cultiva~ i tion , wh ch will exhibit all its latent beauties , and justify those descriptions of travellers which have so o or of ften made it the garden of the w ld , the seat

th . wealth , and e centre of a great e pire T li o the philosopher and the po tician , on viewing h o rr r the t is delightful part f the federal te itory , unde o prospect f an immediate and systematic settlement,

the following observations will naturally occur . Fi rst T o l re . H E t ils of agriculture wi l here be r wa ded with a greater variety of valuable productions, The of than in any part of America . advantages almost every climate are here blended together ; every e e l consid rabl commodity , that is cu tivated in any part r r e of the United States , is he e p oduced in the great st r of plenty and perfection . The high and d y lands are o l— ro i n whea a deep , rich s i p ducing , abundance , t , r e I ndian corn buck wheat oats barle ax h m y , , , , y, fl , e p , a o i silk wi a 1 o tob cc ndi o ne cotton . 8 , g , , nd The tobacco f a quality superior t o that of Virginia ; and the crops r r of wheat are larger than in any o the pa t of America .

86 Tan 08 1 0 Cour m

Second . R M r no F O its situation and p oductions , country is so well calculated for the establishment of ro manufactu rers of various kinds . P visions will be T e w forever plenty and cheap . h ra materials for r n o of r of o n fab icati g m st the a ticles cl thi g and dress , x r ro on of o are and will be the lu u iant p ducti this c untry . o i o on and flax are Th ugh s lk , c tt valuable in themselves , ro rio r e yet , by being w ught into the va us a ticl s of use r the ex ence of r s or on and o nament , p t an p tati is pro

ort ionabl . r p y lessened The United States , and , pe haps , u r e l be s r other co nt i s , wi l upplied f om these inte rior

parts of America . SHIPB UI LDING will be a capital branch of busi on the o o s ness Ohi and its c nfluent stream The Ohio , the o s of r of r when at l we t , admits fou fathom wate , from the mouth of the Muskingum to its confluence M issisi i r with the pp , except at the apids , which , at e rr o for such times , int upt the navigati n about one e o 1 5 mile . Th descent , in that distance , is nly feet ; n 250 r a d the channel , which is ya ds wide , has , at no

5 of r . r time , less than feet wate In f eshes , the water rises 30 feet ; and boats are not only rowed against r the stream, but ascend the apids by means of their on of r r sails only . It is the opini the Geog aphe , and who h o others ave viewed the sp t , that , by cutting a canal a little more than a half a mile on the south side o h low o f t e river , which is mead w ground , the rapids and r may be avoided , the navigation made f ee at all

so f r . r r sea ns o the yea Hemp , timbe and i on will be oo i r r r r plenty and g d ; and the h gh f eshes , f om Feb ua y r r r t o Ap il , and frequently in Octobe and Novembe , e r an r r r will b a a vessel of y bu den ove the apids , in

to . their present state , and out sea T o r n r H E f llowing obse vatio s , by an English enginee , o r o r r r who had expl red the weste n c unt y , we e add essed r of r 1 7 7 0 to the Ea l Hillsbo ough , in the year , when Secretary of State for the North American department — e w r r at a tim when e we e B itish colonies , and our country considered only as the handmaid to Great Tan Joan M ar PAPERS 87

Br in r i raw r l or itain , fu n shing mate ia s f their manu

NO part of North America will require less en couragement for the production of naval stores and r aw mater ials for manufactories in Europe ; and for i - supply ng the West India islands with lu—mber, provi s o &c . r of o for i ns , than the count y the Ohi and the f ollowing reasons “ — 1 . THE l ands are excellent the climate , tem r e l - or rr p e at ; the native grapes , si k w ms , and mulbe y n r e o ro t rees , abou d eve y wh re ; hemp , h ps and e g w spontaneously in the vallies low lands ; l iron o re are plenty in the hills ; salt springs are innumerable ; s r r and no oil is bette adapted to the cultu e of tobacco ,

of o . flax“and cotton , than that the Ohi 2 . THE country is well watered by several ' r r o r nav e ive s , communicating with each the ; by wh i and a short land carriage the produce of the lands of the Ohi o can even now be sent cheaper to the seaport town of Alexandr ia on the river Potowmac ’ n r r r r Where Ge e al B addock s t anspo ts landed his troops , than any kind of merchandise is sent from Nort hamp to n“to Lo ndon . 8 . TH r i all e ns r E iver Oh o is , at s aso of the yea , l r r o navigab e with la ge boats ; and , f om the m nth r r of Feb uary to Ap il , large ships may be built on the i r Oh o , and sent to sea, laden with hemp , i on , flax , silk ,

o o &c . t ba“cco , c tton , - 4 . L R r s F OU , corn , beef , ship plank, and othe u eful ar ticles , can be sent down the stream of Ohio to West r Florida, and f om thence to the West India islands , a r r r much che and in better o de , than f om New or P“hilad phia to those islands .

5 . M 1 ron r HE P , tobacco , , and such bulk a ticles , may be sent down the stream of Ohio to the sea at

least 50 per cent . cheaper than these articles were ever carried by a land carriage of only 60 miles m Pennsyl w r l n o vania , here waggonage is cheape than any ther part of North - Amen ca 88 Tax Oaxo Com m

n e r r 6 . THE ex pe c of t ansporting Eu opean manu facturers from the sea to the Ohio will not be so much w r as is no paid , and eve must be paid , to a great part r n r of the counties of Pennsylvania , Vi gi ia and Ma yland. Whenever the farmers or merchants of Ohio shall ro r r i r r p pe ly unde stand the bus ness of t anspo tation ,

r &c. o they will build schoone s , sloops , on the Ohi , for e or ur r r suitable the W st India E opean ma kets ; o ,

h rr r oak . by having black walnut , c e y t ee , , &c properly r or r r o r sawed fo f eign ma kets , and fo med int afts , in the manner that 1 8 now doh e by the settlers near the r r uppe pa ts of the Delaware in Pennsylvania , and o r r o &c thereon st w thei hemp , i on , tobacc , . and proceed with them to New Orleans . ' not r r I r may , pe haps , be amiss to obse ve , that . large quanti ties of flour are made in the western counties of Pennsylvania , and sent , by expensive land r r car iage , to the city of Philadelphia , and f om thence o r l shipped to S uth Ca olina , and East and West F orida or ro there being little no wheat raised in these p vinces . r r re The ive Ohio seems kindly designed , by natu , as two r the channel , through which the Flo idas may be r o for r own o supplied with flou , not nly thei consumpti n , but also for carrying on an extensive commerce with

Jamaica , and the Spanish settlements m the Bay of o 1 n are Mexico . Millst nes , abundance , to be obtain ed in the hills near the Ohio ; and the country i s every where well watered with large and constant springs l and streams for grist and other mi ls . The passage from Philadelphia to Pensacola is seldom made m less than a month ; and 60 shillings sterling per t on freight (consisting of 1 6 barrels) is usually paid fo r r rr 500 or 1 000 flour , &c . thithe . Boats , ca ying barrels o r th r of fl u , may go in about e same time f om Pitts r r i o bu gh , as f om Philadelph a , to Pensac la , and for o half the above freight . The Ohi merchants could i r r . r r r del ve flour , 8m the e , in much bette o de than mcurrin from Philadelphia , and without g the damage r msurance and delay of the sea , and cha ges of , &c . as TaE Joa N M ar Parana 89

from t hence to Pensacola . This is not mere ul ati on for r 1 7 46 mwas it is a fact , that about the yea a scarcity of provisions at New Orleans ; and the French en l r settlem ts at the Il inois , small as they then we e , i r in r r i sent th the , one winte , upwa ds of e ght hundred ” thousand weight of flour . I F r , instead of furnishing othe nations with raw r i a r ro r mate ials , compan es of m nufactu ers f m Eu ope co uld be introduced and established in this inviti ng r of situation , under the supe intendence of men pro o perty , it would occasion an immense addition f men r and wealth to these new settlements , and se ve as a benefi cial example of economy to many parts of the

United States .

Thi d . I N r r for r the late o dinance of Cong ess , disposing of the western lands as far down as the river 1 8 or Sioto , the provision that made f schools and the endowment of an university , looks with a most favour able aspect upon the settlement, and furnishes the r n t r r p ese iment , that, by a p ope attention to the sub e t of u r a j c ed cation , unde these adv ntages , the field of r r science may be g eatly enla ged , and the acquisition of useful knowledge placed upon a more respectable foot in o or . g here , than in any ther part of the w ld Besides the opportunity of opening a new and unexplored io for r r r reg n the ange of natu al histo y , botany and the r o no medical science , the e will be ne advantage which r r of r r othe pa t the ea th can boast , and which p obably r — r r i ht will neve again occur that , in o de to begin r g , w n ts ia there will be no ro g habi to combat , and no — veterate systems to overturn there is no rubbish to

or o o . r re move , bef e you can lay the f undati n The fi st settlement will unbosom many men of the most — r liberal minds well versed in the wo ld , in business and i r r every useful sc ence . Could the necessa y appa atus r e for be procu ed , and funds imm diately established , un n r on r r e or fo di g a unive sity a libeal plan , that p of ss s migh t be active in their various researches and em — lo nt s e p yme ven now , in the infancy of the settle 90 Tan oa Com m

r ment , a p oper use might be made of an advantage

whi ch will never be repeated . MANY political benefits would immediately result t o the United States from such an early institution in Th that part of the country . e people in the Kentucky

and Illinois countries are rapidly increasing . Their distance from the old States will prevent their sending their children thither for instruction ; from the want of which they are in danger of losing all their habits of o : g vernment , and allegiance to the United States on n of v r But , seei g examples go e nment , science , and o o r regular industry , f ll w them into the neighbo hood of r own r o r l thei count y , they would fav ur thei chi dren r with these advantages , and revive the ideas of o der, citizenship , and the useful sciences . This attention , i ri o from these ne ghbou ng people , w uld increase the o weal th and populati n of the new proposed settlement .

F ourth. I N r for the o dinance of Congress , the r m rr r r i o gove n ent of the te ito y no thwest of the Oh , e r r r r it is provid d that , afte the said te rito y acqui es a certain degree of population it shall be divided into the r ro to states , easte n State , that is thus p vided be

made , is bounded on the Great Miami on the west, and by the Pennsylvania line on the east . The centre of this state will fall between the Sioto and the Hock o r hocking . At the mouth of ne of these ivers . will probably be the seat of government for this State : e o And , if w may indulge the sublime contemplation f beholding the whole territory of the United States o d u settled by an enlightened pe ple , and continue , nder o —o u r r no one extended g vernment the ive Ohio , and t of re for far from this spot , will be the seat empi the whole dominion . This is central to the whole ; it will e r best accommodat eve y part ; it is the most pleasant , and probably the most healthful . ’ A of r r urao it is an object impo tance , that Cong ess — l o r in shou d s on fix on a seat of gove nment yet , the i t m n resent state of the country , is presu ed , it will ot ge though t best that such seat be considered as im Tan Joi n! M r Parana 9 1 m ovably fixed . To take the range of the Alleghany m o i r or to o unta ns f om n th south , it is pr bably 20 e rs W not s f r or y a ill elap e , be ore the e Will be m e people o n the western than on the eastern waters of the United r o States. The settle s ught even now to have it in v i o r m or ew , that g ve n ent will f ever accommodate them as much as their brethren on the east : This may be t o r r or of necessary , p event thei f ming schemes inde endence r o o p , seeking othe c nnexi ns , and providing fo r

their separate convenience . As it is the most exalted and benevolent object of legislation that ever was to aimed at , unite such an amazingly extensive people , r r r and make them happy , unde one ju isdiction , eve y act of Congress under the new constitution by looking r r i we n and fo wa d to th s object , Will , trust , i culcate r s l no o familia i e the idea . They wil , d ubt , at an early r r o or r pe iod , make a rese vati n pu chase of a suita ble r ( a l or r t act and f a fede al town , that will be central to the whole ; and give so me public intimation of such t o r e on intention transfe the seat of governm nt , the r — occurrence of ce tain events such as , comparative

o See . o r r populati n , This w uld rende such transfe easily n o n practicable , by preve ting the ccasion of uneasi ess in the old States ; while it would not appear to be the

of r or r n w. result dange , the p ospect of revolt , in the e

EXTRACTS

r . . r r F om the Letters of M St John De C evecoeu , Consul of France for the Middle States in America

TaE Ohio is the grand Artery of that part of America beyond the mountains ; i t is the centre Where run ro all the water s meet, which on one side f m the on r o mounta ins , and the othe c me from the

high in the vicinity of the lakes Erie and Michigan . “ r o r It has been calculated , that the egi n wate ed

r . r by those rive s , &c comp ised between Pittsburgh and 92 TaE Oaxo Courm

M issisi i r the pp , contains at least squa e miles ,

equal to acres . It is , without a doubt, the most fertile country the most diversified and best r watered soil , and that which offe s to agriculture and

commerce the most abundant and easy resources , of all those that the Europeans have heretofore dis

covered and peopled . “ ’ w 1 0th of r h as on the Ap il , at eight o clock in the we ur morning , that quitted the key of Pittsb gh , and ” gav“e ourselves up to the current of the Ohio . Ta l e sweet and tranquil navigation appeared to me like an agreeable dream : Every moment presented to me new perspectives which were incessantly diver s sified by the appearance of the island , points , and the r r o windings of the ive , with ut intermission changed by this singul ar mixture of shores more or less woody ;

whence the eye escaped , from time to time , to obser ve n r r v the great atu al meadows which p esented themsel es, r of f r incessantly , embellished by promonto ies di fe ent for i heights , which a moment seemed to h de , and then r gradually unfolded to the eyes of the navigato , the or n bays and inlets , more less exte sive , formed by the

creeks and rivulets which fall into the Ohio . What majesty in the mouths of the great rivers which we passed ! Their waters seemed to be as vast and as pro found as those of the river upon which we floated ! I never before felt myself so much disposed for medita tion : My ima gination involuntarily leaped into futur was afl ictin ity ; the absence of which not g, because it — appeared to me nigh I saw those beautiful shores n r r orname ted with decent houses , cove ed with ha vests and well cultivated fields ; on the hills exposed to the o saw r r s r r out n rth , I o cha d egula ly laid in squares ; on r i of l the others , vineya d plats , plantat ons mu berry

o &c . saw r o trees , l cust , I the e , als , in the inferior the on r nd s r e lands , cott t ee , a the uga mapl , the sap of had an o of r r which become bject comme ce . I ag ee , o er all o s not e h wev , that th se bank did app a r to me l for l r t o equal y proper cu tu e ; but , as hey will pr bably

96 Ta x Oaro CoMPaNr

STATEMENT BY CUTLER AND SARGENT

TO THE BOARD OF THE TREASURY , 26 1 8 ‘ JULY , 7 7 INTR ODUCTO R Y Non : An examination of the Records of the Ohio Co m pany during the negotiations with Congress for the purchase leaves the impression that some of the note s and letters which passed between the representa tives of the Ohio Company and the committee of Congress

have disappeared . This statement by Cutler and Sargent appears to be one of these fugitives from the ’ company s a rchives . Congress on July 28 had author izad the Treasury Board to ente r into a contract with

the represen tatives of the Ohio Company . On July 26 Cutler and Sargent submitted this explanation of the conditions of the purchw e acceptable to them o selves . The third paragraph shows how thor ughly the Scioto Purchase had been grafted onto the original w s r i proposal . The first t o payment cove ed the Oh o ’ s l Company s real purchase , the in ta lment feature covered the option on the Scioto lands which later fell i thr ough from inability t o raise the funds w“ith wh ch to meet the annual payments . The power ful! ” barrier argument is pressed in the conclusion as a final reason why Congress should meet the terms

proposed by the Ohio Company .

DOCUM ENT N w 2 1 e r 6 7 8 . Gentlemen , Yo k , July , 7 We observe by the act of the 23 rd instant that your honorable board is authorised to enter into a contract for the sale of a tract of land therein described on

Pfl “W t M M M M M M m VJ . Tan JoaN M ar Par ana 97

r certain conditions exp essed m the act . As we suppose this measure has been adopted in consequence of o prop sals made by us , in behalf of ourselves and to r associates , a Committee of Cong ess , we beg leave r r to info m you , that we a e read to enter into a con tract for the purchase of the lan described in the act ; provided you can conceive yourselve authorised to in admit of the following conditions, which some degree r r m va y from the eport of the Co mittee , Viz . The subordinate surveys shall be compleated as r I mentioned in the act, unless the f equency of ndian interuptions may render the same impracticable With out nuheavy ex pence to the Company . The mode of yment we propose is half a million of dollar s when e contract is executed ; another half million when the tr act as discribed 1 s surveyed by the proper Officer of the United States ; and the remainder is six equal payments computed from the date of the

The lands assigned for the establishment of an Universit y to be nearly as possible the Center of the w for f o fir st million and half Acres e shall pay , or t fix it in the center of the proposed purchase might too long defer the establishment . When the second payment shall be made the pur chasers shall recei ve a deed for as great a quanti ty f l as of for r o and —a million dollars will pay at the p ice agreed on afte r which we will agree not to receive r or n any furthe deeds f any of the lands purchased , o ly as such period and on such conditions as may be agreed on between the board and the purchasers . As to the security which the act says shall be good be and sufficient we are unable to determin what those terms may mean in the contemplation of ongress or — C of your honrable board We shall therefore only our r rt observe , that p ivate fo unes and that of most of our associates be embarked in the support of the purchase it is not possible for us to offer any adiquate 98 Tan Oal o Cour aNY

u of the land i l i in security , b t that tse f as s usual great land — mu to n uIate so to re ul te the contr act g g a , w m to r h of or that e a never be entitled a ig t entry f r o occupancy but on lands actually paid o , n r receive deed till our payments amount to a million of 33; to such a mmts ars, and then only m proportion p The advance we shall always be under Wp1at-{0ut any r m formal deed , togethe with the improvements we ade on the lands will we presume be ample security even if it were not the interest as well as the disposition of the Company to lay the foundation of their establish r ment on a sacre rega d to the rights of Posterity . I f these terms are ad mitted we shall be ready to conclude the contract . If not we shall have to regret s for a numerous cla s of our Associates, that the certif icates they received as specie at the risk of their li ves c and fortune in support of the common ause, must for a considerable time longer wait the tedious and ’ of a t precarious issue public events , ( ltho hey are their right in them on terms advantagious to the public) and that the United States may lose an oppor uni ur ff t ty of sec ing in the most e ectual manner, as W of r T rrator ell as improving the value thei western e y , they establish a powerful barrier against the irruption of the I ndiana or any attempts of the B ritish t o interu t r of power p the secu ity the adjoining States.

We have the honour to be with the greatest respect , for ourselves and

Gentlemen Your Obedient Humble servants Mau'l Cutler

The Honrable Winthrop Sargeant . (signed)

The Board of Treasury . Compare d with the original in the Omoe of the board of Treasury ‘ (signed) W Duer Secty . Tan JoaN M ar Par m a 99

A FINANCIAL STATEMENT BY THE TREASURER OF THE OHIO COMPANY .

I N'rnonuc'ronr Non :

’ The chief value of the treasurer s statement like t hat of the receipt Which accompanies it is in the clear evidence of the share of Duer and the other Associates of the Scioto group in enabling the Ohio

Company to meet its first payment . General Parsons had proposed on behalf of the Ohio Company in May , 7 r 1 7 8 , a three hundred thousand dollar pu chase . Cutler and Sargent inspired and aided by the group of 1:

DOCUM ENT

New York Nov. 1 8th 1 7 88

‘ ' do r 27 th of 1 7 87 I he eby Certify , that on y Oct r when I made the fi st payment for the Ohio Company , funds paid into my hands amounted t o r on ly Th ee Hundred fifty six Thousand , seven Hundred 8: twenty one 47 - 90 dollars ; and that the r r Ballance of one Hund ed and fo ty Three Thousand , two Hundred seventy eight 43- 90 dollars was the rt a rope y of the Associ tes of the Scioto Company , ‘ to r onned the fi st mentioned Company , for y purpose of r t compleating thei firs payment , upon Conditions of ‘ being reimbursed out of y first Securities afterward to be paid into my hands by the agents of y‘ Ohio i Company, which has s nce been done . Bich‘l Platt

' ‘ Treas . of y Ohio Company (A true Copy) 1 00 Tax Omo Com m “ Securities received from the Agents to y‘ 27 ' 8 i l s . Oct . 1 7 7 , nc u ive

Eben' Sprout

Archibald Crary

l Henry Jackson 22‘ John M ay 22d Benj ' Tupper Joel Barlow 22d M anasseh Cutler 22d 26th

Paid in by y‘ Associates of y‘ Scioto Company

‘ ' Rich Platt Treas . Ohio Company . (true copy) Tan Joan M ar Par ana 1 01

T HE SUBSCRIP TION OF THE PROPRIETORS OF THE OHIO COMPANY FOR A PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHER AT MARIETTA I m onuc'ronx NOTE The document is a concrete example of the real ia

terest of the proprietors in the colony .

DocUM ENr

t e WHEREAS h Agents of the OHIO COMPANY , r P rovidence f Rh de I l at thei Meeting in , State o o s and,

upon the Seventh Day of M archinst . passed the follow o ing “Re soluti ns . That the Directors be requested t o pay as early

Attention as possible to the Education of Youth , and ro or i n the P motion of public W sh p , amo g the first l r for r r Sett e s ; and that, these impo tant Pu poses , they fo employ , if pract icable , an Instructor eminent r

literary Accomplishments , and the Virtue of his shall also su tend the first scholas o M r tic Instituti ns , and direct e8 anner of Inst uction . And to enable the Directors to carry into Execution Pro the Intentions expressed in this Resolve , the i tors r r l pr e , and othe s of libe a and benevolent Minds , o are earnestly requested t contribute , by voluntary o to r t o b Donati n , the fo min of a Fund e solely a ro — p printed thereto . That e Agents will exert themse ves r r m p omo Subsc iptions , and paying the Monies they may co t into the Treasury ; and the Treasurer or is t o report to the Direct ors , at before their next ” Meeting . r And whereas the Directo s of the said Company , by r their vote of the same Day , have fully app oved of the d r Re solutions aforesaid , and have a ded thei Solicita tions to the Request of the Agents : 1 04 Tat Omo Courm

ORIGINAL RECORD OF THE FIRST POLICE WEST OF THE OHIO RIVER I N'monuc'roar Non : The Directors of the Ohio Company instituted local ar acted as a Bo d of Police . In the they created and organized a loeal

Doctmmrr

of P o This is to Certify that the Board olice , n the e Banks of Muskingum , at a meeting on th Thirteenth

1 7 88 . Day June , Have appointed , “ ° ' ‘ r E ol C ary , Col John May , Col h Battle , C Alex . " ‘ ' l v r M a i O i e , Col W Stacy , j Samuel Ph llips , And

. f to n Capt Oliver Rice , O ficers Command the Compa y (not in pay of the Ohio Company) formed by Regula tions of said Board m W Corlis ' , Sec Muskingum June 1 7 88

1 00 Tn Omo Com m

there was an addition to the above offi cers of Three

° “ Col Sprout wh“o ranks 2 Capt Cooper 8 t “ Cap Devell 9 “ Capt Rice altered 1 0 (Endors“ed Re port of offi cers to the Board June 24 8 30 Capt . Cooper " Capt Devell 9 July 1 Capt Rice 1 0 2 Col° Crary Col° Sprout Col Battelle

Major Phillips

Capt . Munro o Capt . C oper l Capt . Deve l

Capt . Rice Officers ° Col Crary Col° Battelle Col° May ° Lieut . Col Stacy ° Leut . Col Oliver

Capt . Munro

Capt . Coopr D v Capt . e ell

. Capt Rice, Acting Non commissioned Dean Tyler Charles Green Wanton Casey

Isaac Pierce Paul“Fearing Will Gridley Danie“l Dunham Benja Still

Henry H . Williams l Sam Stebbins Orderly Privates . Stephen Pierce

John Russell Benjamin Slocum i Wm . Sm th Cogshall Slvester El drige ' Cogsall Jun Alpheous Russell A rnold Celt John Stacey Richard Elliott John Skinner

N ath ‘ Helms Jabish True S el ah Hart Breton Perry A mos Harvey Joseph Levins B en oni Hubbart John Hubbard Walter Tuf ts S amuel Hefi erd Trueman Hubbard J ames Johnson Jaryah Williams Eben' Attwood Elijah Attwood J ames Leach Daniel Cumstock “l l W Cumst ock

A ndrew M cClure J ames M nott

Oliver Fuller Sivester Fuller

Solomon Eldrige Aaron Barlow James Owens Simeon Wright Orders for the 24 June 1 7 88 ’ Col , John May is appointed to make the details for the f of f o ficers the day , the o ficers of the day will report to the board and the officer of the Guard will report to ofi the cer of the day, and receive directions from

Tan Joan Mar Parana o f otbers be report ed to the Secretary in 24 hours nex t a ft er there arivall . Should any person or rsons arive on the ground n o t being proprl etors the rd shall decide upon the I mo uty of residence . hii htary duty as Established by the Superintendant o f Com’ f r the a fai s be Continued , and the guard shall b e doubled upon the same establishment only that the

s ettlers not in the pay of the Company . Shall at — t furnish one half the guard e the Settlers shall formed into a Corps distinct from the Corps in pay — r o f the Company . unde the Command of the who shall be fully invested with the powers of detaching upon Notice given to the duty before mentioned

parad or any other duty of Safety and defence . The i r or of d recto s and military commanders Ither them , may point out to whi ch purpose all eflectives between of ages fifteen fifty , shall be considered as forming one r r Co ps unde there Command , distinct from those o in the we. of the Company but Subject t the Com mand of e Superintendent there shall be an officer of the day regularly appointe d to attend to the execution

of military duty . No person shall go into the fields to imit Labour or without the L ts of the field , upon any . r pretentions whatever without a ms . No person shall go beyond the limmitts of the field without Leave from o h r the Commander of the Troops r t e office of the day . No r l or r no fi ing shall be al owed in near the St eets , fi reing shall be allowed to fire on the first day of the week — ex cept in cases of attack the Corps shal parade on o first days of the week , f r examination in suits on &c . under there respective offi cers l ishments shall consist of Labour for the the Publisck or ex pultion according to the nature of the C rime but in cases of high offence be fined by common Law the Judges of the Territry will be reported to upon the fourteenth day of June 1 7 88 at the settle ment upon the banks of the Muskingum the residents v r for wer con eened, and the ordinance of Cong ess government in the territory of the o of ri r ~ United States N rth west the ve Ohio, the Com missions of the Judges m Said Territory and the pre ceeding Rules 8: Regulations were read declared and for r o r proclaimed the p esent bse vation , Conduct , 8:

Government of the people . “ WARR ANT 20 1 7 88 Muskingum , June , this 1 s t o certify that the board of police on the banks of Muskingum at a Meeting the thirteenth day of 8 ° ' June 1 7 8 . Have appointed Col Arch . Crary Col ° ' ° ‘ Col Ba ll . John Mary Eben tte , Lut Col Alex ° ‘ . r Oliver Lut . Col Stacey Majo Sam Phillips Capt . o r o Com i Oliver Rice , ffice s to C mmand the pan es(not in pay of the Ohio Company . formed by regulation of Sand Board ' Corli . William s Sec Police . r r r r 0 r The boa d of Police O de and di ect , that N pe son r t rafii k o Shall ente into c , r Commerce with the Indians or any of them without a permition from the board or General Harmer (in which last Case the Same Shall be registered with the Secretary) upon the penalty of forfi tt in articals 8: e ex ch an g the Given R ceived in g, and Such Other punishment not extending to life or

Limb , as the Judges may inflict . No person shal enter into t raffi ck or Commer ce o or with any non Commissi ned officer , or private r Soldie in the pay of the United States , without a r r regular permistion f om Gene al Harmer, or the Commanding officer for the time being by order of the Police

. r r “ W C . Sec eta y Muskingum June 9 1 7 88 - m r or i Nor shal any non co missioned office , Sold er, i ritous lic uers be supplied with Sp r q , expecting by the Sutlers Regularly appointed or to be appointed by r or f General Ha mer , the Commanding o ficer of any post Station or Command . W. C . Act IX STATEMENT BY JOHN MAY AS CHAIR M AN OF THE COM MITTEE ON DRAWING CITY LOTS DOCUM ENT Committee appointed to make the Necessary preparations arangment for drawing the Citty - Lots o n r the East Side of Muskingum iver, have attended that business and report that the Names Numbers are prepared the Books Ruled lined and the following l G ent emen appointed to attend this buisness.

° ' Coll Eben Sprout to Call the Names ° " Col Arc Crary to Call the Numbers ' — M Barlow to String the Names Numbers May Meigs Writeh Corlis “ 1 88 . M uskingum July 7 7 John May Chairman .

XI THE PROTEST OF THE RHODE PROPRIETORS INTR ODUCTORY Nor a Several members of the Ohio Co

complaint greatly annoyed the Directors of pany and undoubtedly gave them no little ment . DOCUMENT At a Meeting of the Proprietors in the Ohio of Newport and its Vicinity at the ' “ John Lawtons Sep 20 1 7 88 Information being made at this Meeting Agents who Contracted for a Quantity of West of the river Ohio in behalf of the Ohio are endeavouring with sume other said Company of purchase altho e hath been Supported by the fund of Said Supplied equally by the proprietors and half of Dollars advanced by them previous to the of entry and Occupancy Therefore it is unanimously li r o and Wil am Ve n n , Es be a Committe e to open a Correspondence with the proprietors in Providence elsewhere respect ing said Attempt to deprive said Company of their Right ‘l in s purchase informing them that the propri deter mined to Support their Claim by every Legal 8: fair measure and that they com municate from time to time every thing of importance they may receive through their correspondence and that they likewise Request the Sentiments of said proprietors Respecting the locating a Quantity of land t o be disposed of at a low rate or given to Estab lish Settlers in such Situations as to Secure the Settle ment from the irruptions of the Indians . A true Copy

‘l Thomas Rumreill Clk to s Meeting [Endorsement]

‘ Tho . Rumrill

Newport Sept r . 25th . 1 7 88

youa Note of the propr

Ohio company in this place and Vicinity , appointing us a committee to Open a correspondence with the proprietors in your state and elsewhere for the purpose

to o r r We conceive the attempt deprive us of u ight, ’ hi ghly ungenerous ; and when we consider that ev ry measure that hath been taken , hath been supporte d out of the funds of the company supplied equally by the propriet ors , and half a Million of Dollars , advanced to secure the right of entry and occupancy ; we think to r it a Base attempt , in them endeavou to benefit themselves to the Injury of the company by availing themselves of the advanta ge of our advances .

We are informed , that a Number of the present r r r Agents and Directo s , favou this Attempt , therefo e who we r r we should be cautious , t ust to rep esent us , at the proprietors meeting in December next ; and that

1 20 Tax Omo 0m m

nor l on for x l n any dissatisfaction , cal ed me any e p a i r ation of any part of my conduct , wh ch I p esume you r would have done , if you we e not satisfied . But as r r o representations have been made , ve y inju ious t r as r my characte , low disingenuous me u es have ‘ ‘ r e — been pursued , especting y matt r much to y ‘ injury of y Company , as well as to myself, I shall , r ou r a unasked , lay befo e y a statement of ci cumst nces or ‘ facts , beg you to justify condemn me to y world ou o r . , as y shall judge my c nduct me its I shall first give you a short history of our proceed ‘ ‘ : r of (b m an n c ings , 8 y ci cumstances y p y , stati g fa ts which I can fully prove then make some observa ‘ r f r . tions on them , y inju ies I have su fe ed ‘ When I was appointed to go to Congress for y ‘ r our purpose of pu chasing y lands , Company was m — who i ts infancy The only persons had , at that time, ‘ 81 taken an act ive part in forming y Company , ‘ ‘ o urin . . r c g subscriptions , were Gen Parsons , Gen ‘ ' u . r . t am , Gen Tuppe , Maj Sargent myself The whole amount of subscriptions were computed at 250 ‘ ‘ ' this I t ink a ear on books in Secretar s , h , will pp y y y ‘ ‘ Ofi ce , in y doings of Company at y mee 8 1 00 o Boston , March More than an f

r not on . shares we e , if mistake , my list ‘ After I had had many conferences with y Com ‘ mittee of Congress on terms of purchase to y amount " ’ no of Dol (for I had , at that time , tho t ' of contracting for more) they seemed to insist on 5/ p ’ ‘ r x Ac e , tho y price was not so decidedly fi ed as — terms of payment the terms which they positi ‘ r the fixed we e , one half down , y other as soon as ‘ exterior line was run . So fixed were y terms of pay ment that I was certain they would not receed from " . To . r them raise dol instantly, ci cum st anced our as Compan—y then was , absolute ly impracticable f or we had u fOH I OO of of s bscribed them on my list , which I could not calculate on more than ten that could pay Tan Joan M ar Par ana 1 21

or 6 or 8 i m ay instantly , in weeks , wh ch was the o {inge st time proposed . N0 pers n fr om the state of e l our Rhod is and had , at that time , joined Company , nor we calcdlate was New did , while I at York , on ‘ receiving a farthing from that State . And y success of r r r r subsc iptions in the othe States we e p ecarious . ‘ f ro osed to r I there ore p give up y idea of a pu chase , 8: to h n return ome . This determi ation I mentioned to ” ' mm 81 a to gCo p rticularly Judge Holton 81 M . Thus far I acted alone in the business . r ' At this juncture , p oposals were made to Maj . n 8: for r Sarge t myself purchasing anothe tract of land , ‘ ‘ adjoining y boundaries we proposed for y Ohio " ‘ 81 r was Company , an offe made of dol to y to complete their first pay w r r sum as afte wa ds to be refunded . It r us, likewise , p obable that , by connecting ‘ y‘ two purch we might extend y second payment i ‘ l untill a l ne run around y whole , which wou d

longer time to dispose of shares , 8: but we should gain a large sum of

Company , important I suppose ‘ of r cc in y view Cong ess , Companies were concerned make an essential difference

particular , if we , at that out of sight ; which ‘ ork , to complete y ‘ ' Board of I reasur t wo z Companies ,

r 81 v the matte , as I have e er viewed

proposed to act was fair , just, 8: ‘ ‘ y interest of y Ohio Company

promoted . ' W w ver dol [ cf M . ads orth of Dan se 2000 received ‘ ' h Bar1 e ll of Boston a orde1 - ou M of M . Josep n ' — Dun I ngram of Philade for 8904§ & a promis ' ' of M Barrel that he wo forward an orderwon M " N York for dol if we could not com Joy of , , ‘ — plete y payment without it For

— ‘ same interest due thereon & if y of interest for one year & ‘ o 9 months for y loan . Of these facts I can pr duce proper vouchers .

arri a N. r I f nd I had not When I ved t Yo k , ou been r t a much larger subsc iption in that City , han ha SU osed ad pp , there would ‘ " ’ deficiency above y dol to be d by Co . w all Duer . My money as not paid in , un nearly ‘ w r t o as received f om y other Agents , as I wished know whether there would be occasion for y‘ securities

I had borrowed . The Treasurer made his calcula 8: r tions , supposed the e would be a deficiency aft er Col ° ‘ a Duer had completed his payment , but y ex c t

1 20 Taa ro Cour m

“ ‘ could not collect dol in 8 weeks y longest completing ‘ Contra t 8: that we should have been full y c , y justified, w h olel on this account iven u ‘ i if e ad , s y , g p y dea of a — ' contract The advantages derived to y Ohio Com ‘ b ti n two Contracts are pany y connec g y , too obvious m r —For w ‘ an re a ka. e not onl to need y , y , made y obtaind te r f contract, 8: bet r te ms , in consequence o we b to ' this connection , but were ena led complete y i we not h contract , wh ch could otherwise ave done, ‘ without loaning money at y ex pence of y‘ ompany — C We have also a much longer term for making our — ‘ ‘ second payment 8: m y same proportion increased y intere st allowed upon i t . This must be an addition to our funds of no small consequence . The interest " to e t dol 8: saved can not amount l ss han , will probably amount to double that sum . Youlike s wise must be convinced that it was neces ary , or at ‘ r to two r out least p udent , keep y pu chases of sight, ‘ untill we were ready to complete y contract ; otherwise we mi§ 1 t have failed of extending our payment ‘ untill lin w run ound whole of ‘ a e as ar y , 8: course y w intere st due thereon . This e much feared 8: were

cautious of speaki ng of it . But when we were prepared ‘ r we t o complete y cont act , explained the t wo pur h ‘ Board of r with whosn t w c ases to y T easury , o con r e 8: tracts we e execut d , as perfectly distinct , inde ’ of pendent of each other, as they are Judge Symme s

purchase . r r I would , the efore beg to be info med what injury ‘ — has been done to y Ohio Company ? We fulfilled our ur r a . O commission , enti ely , with reg rd to them orders ‘ were to purchase only to y amount of "—w r to r r nor dol e had no o ders pu chase mo e , could

we have been justified if we had done it . We made no application of a farthing of their money to any other r was rtainl as low as i t urpose . The p ice , ce y , would ‘ p w not te r . ave been , if e had connec d y two pu chases The terms we obtained for our own company were Tan Joan M a r Parana 1 27

interest on y‘ purchased y‘

in us ?

said b those who have r r our a act e s. It has der no necessity of contracting with ' M . Brown of Providence had told uld advance any sum we might want — ‘ false At y time we engaged to make ‘ ' r M . r I had neve seen y face of B own, heard of his wishing to be concerned m r was first time I eve saw him , on ‘I 2 r 8 e r time , nea weeks aft the 8: ade , when I called upon him , asked would be willing to advance a sum in ‘ found that we could not complete y r r His eply as nearly as I can ecollect ,

‘ I did , to complete y first payment . ‘ r . I eve saw Gen Vernum , was at had agreed to purchase the Scioto w as e were closing our business . He to us about being concerned in y‘ said he did not consider us as formed 8: that there must be a meeting to

of Association . This led us to con ‘ h n r e, o any of y Rhodeisland ple , But as be connected with 1 28 Tn Oaro Couranr

I t has been said th e Scioto lands m pmehnn d ‘ — on t of y Ohio Company The reverse of — ‘ this is true f or if money was advanced to y Ohio th ur hasers 8: could n hav om ompany , b ose p c , ot e c C y — plated their contract without it the Ohio Co mm

e for r r . But is, clearly , indebt d to them thei pu chase admit that y‘ Scioto Lands were purchased on better m wo urchas e —h ow di hi ter s by connecting the t p e d t s, ‘ ‘ — smallest de ree in ure Ohio Com an ? l in y g , j y p y ’ doubt not Judge Symm s was benefite d by our — chase O btained better terms than he would have giie ‘ — ‘ if he had been y fi rst contractor S hall y Ohio Company then atte mpt to take his Lands from him? r 1 no r r the The e 3 , in reality , g eate connection between

OUTS . ‘ But it may be asked why we did not purchase y ‘ — l f r i Com an P Sufiicient r who e o y Oh o p y eason has,

r . I think , al eady been given We had no author ity to ‘ ‘ go beyond y funds of y Company . The Company ‘ ‘ at that time had it not in their ower l , p to make y ‘ ‘ . e e e of Com payment B sid s , y int ntion y Scioto was to diapose of a part of t heir lands in Europe z to procure a number of inhabitants to settle in the r ff weste n Country . This , if e ected , must be an addi — tional advantage to our Company they would become — a barrier to na o ur lands must become more valuable — ‘ ‘ as y value of lands must always depend on y

r of on or . numbe people , near them This was no small ‘ — inducement to us to make y purchase for them But if it l wh ‘ hi o be sti l asked , y y O Company could not have done ‘ this ? - I would answeh that y idea of purchasing lands for 8: e o a Company, formed circumstanc d as urs was, to ex speculate upon , where there must be large pences too redieulous r hazard of loss , is to be ente tained by

any man of common sense . Such speculations can not be undertaken unless every individual advances r r money , o enters into fo mal obligations to sustain x his proportion of e pence 8: loss . Was it possible for

1 80 Tat ro Cour m prove—that Congress refused to know any such Com pany or that we should be considered as Agents for ' was M . When this matter debated m Congress , ' ane Holler: 8: M . D insisted that there was such a for Company , which had a consider able time ‘ of hio C n ublicly known by y title O ompa y. Bolton called upon me to produce evidence of our ut into i hand o r i l a Company . I h s s u art c os of

ti n lie r . w cia o , which read in Cong e ss But it as still we r -cr a objected , that we e a self e ted body , 8: not r legally incorporated , 8: therefore Cong ess could not r ‘ know us as such . Acco dingly y words Ohio Com an 8: our names as r t o p y, agents , we e ordered be ‘ erased from y report of the Committee . If you ‘ f ou attend to y R“e solve o Congress y will find tha t it thus - The followin report of a Committ ee d w — ‘ being amen ed to read as f(filo s. That y Boa rd of Treasury be authorized 8: empowered to contract with an erm or ersons for a m nt of a tract of y p —p I t was r or 8: the ef e my opinion , l 8: still is, that it wou d have been right honorable , 8: no person could have justly charged us with im w propriet y of conduct , if , after e had completed our ‘ commission for y Ohio Company , we had purchased or fo r r r any othe pe sons, ’ altho y‘ Ohio Company should derive no ad vantage sti ma from it . Shall our characte rs , then , be g twed . w when e consulted 8: actually obtained , important ‘ Ohio o advantages to y C—mpany by connecting another purchase with theirs ? The Board of Treasury ‘ so to Ohm Com an was Opposed y term p y , that it w not to difi culty e prevailed with them erase it, after ‘ it was inserted in y instrument of contract. w to on ‘ Permit me no , Gentlemen , ask , y other ou l d us hand , whether y wou d not have blame , if we ‘ " ‘ h ‘ r 1 00000 dol 8: o r ad refused y offe of y , y ppo " ‘ 2 8: ‘ t unit for extending y payment, saving y y — interest upon it P I f we had returned without making ‘ ‘ 8: as x n of y purchase , occ ioned y e pe ce sending again Tun Joan M AY Pumas 1 8 1 — to Congress ? Or would you not have blamed us if ‘ ‘ r for i we had pu chased only y Lands y Oh o Company , 8: refused those advantages ? Most ce you

’ ‘ — l tho f wo uld I certain y should have t mysel c pable.

I am sorry , Gentlemen , to have been so lengthy on i — r r t h s subject but I p esume on your cando , when you r ersonall i c onsider it is not in my powe , p y, to vind cate — e m y conduct before you And , specially , when you l c o nsider what must my fee ings , when my character be — i s cruelly attacked m an instance of public trust in a matter in which I feel conscious to myself of having ‘ a cte d with y strictest fidelity , 8: of essentially promot ‘ ‘ — l ng y interest of y Company . Oumy return from r M uskingum , I found , at N . Yo k , that a certa in Gentle ’ who had passed thro that City on his way from M arietta to Rhodeisland had spread a general jealousy a r 8: r r mong adventure s there , that my cha acte had s uffered much m consequence of it . Fortunately for

I n l . to N c , Co Talmage happened come to York soon ‘ who ur a fter , highly resented y inj y done to my ‘ c haracter - took much pains to set y matter right in

y minds of adventurers . He had heard me explain ‘ ‘ r . r r n w y whole matte to Gen Ve num at P ovide ce , ( ho at that time appeared to be satisfied) 8: was convince d ‘ ‘ r of y advantages de ived to y Ohio Company . But satif f to ‘ still , to y himself o facts , applied y Books m ’ ‘ r r f y treasu e 8 O fice , where he found a large sum paid ‘ ‘ to on Ace . . y Ohio Company of Col Duer , without i ‘ not wh ch y Contract could have been completed . ‘ I feel myself much indebted to y friendly exerti ons of

Col . Talmage . r r h The same suggestions we e sp ead in R odeisland , r e or to a p ivat Committee has been —f med there correspond with other adventurers particularly at

. C01 . r Boston Letters have been sent to May , equest ing him to engage adventurers in that town to attempt

r of . o a recove y those land—s This informati n I have from Col . May himself Such measures before the ur hw ers r to r conduct p c we e called upon explain thei , 1 82 Tn Omo Com m

I conceive to be is generally cons settlement . Col . was in harmony un ’ from Rhodeisland State . Altho there are ‘ worthy characters gone into y Country from that ‘ ‘ State , Yet such is y general prejudice against y h 1 1 1 a r r a state of R odeisland this qu te , th t many people l r who intended to become sett e s , are so much alarmed ‘ ‘ r i r with y app ehens on that y same 8 i it, which has o r been , publicly , kn wn to p evail m eisland , will l 8: r 1 1 1 r be transp anted p evail that count y , t hat they have determined not to remove apprehensions are heightened o a f those wh sust in high O fices , who have st urred up ‘ l s 8: r r ea ouse disco d at so ea ly a stage of y settlement . 2’ l he 1 3 r un Ohio settlement now become , With us , ve y — ‘ popular more than 30 families Within y compass of d Who my knowledge , waited only for my return from r now r ‘ that Count y , are dete mined to wait untill y r settlement is fu ther advanced , that they may know something of y‘ society in which they are to make

their residence . ‘ r I now , submit y matte to your decision. I f you fi o 1 n n ‘ are satis ed with my c nduct maki g y purchase, i n I shall expect you Will , justice to my character, ‘ world . e declare it to y You will feel yourselv s bound, ‘ r r I doubt not , to epair y inju y I ’ r r far as it lies in you powe , tho it is a nature as does not admit of full should W ish for any further inform onfermation s be outo to give , or c of fact , I must g y i acquaint me With t . I am ,

with much esteem ,

1 84 Tn Om Courm

LE E S U LE TWO TT R BY MANASSEH C T R,

9 1 5 1 7 88 . DECEMBER AND ,

bear on the criticism which was abroad regarding the

Scioto part of the purchase.

' Ipswich Dec . 1 7 88 ear ir My D S , ou m en When I saw youlast in Boston, y gave e

I have not been m ‘ whol t e ‘ matter u e besL on y e, to s at y M ch ‘ M arietta fo “M r . to y Agents at , which I by ‘ ‘ Slory who is gone into y Country for y purpose of ‘ — ‘ preaching to y people this winter I take y liber ty of ou. re enclosing a copy to y My characte r, I p sume , ff i ’ must have su ered —n Boston altho I have heard little from that town S hould yoube convinced that I am u rvin it will o r ndese g of censure, be in y u power ‘ to do much t o set ‘ matter ri ht in minds of th y — g y ose who have been dissatisfi ed e specially adventurers in ‘ . r e y Company Attempts to dest oy characters, I ev r ‘ considered as one of the basest of crimes . I view y r r r - s a far s a highway obbe , o mid night a s ssin , les crimin l, ‘ than y man that would deprive a nother of his char r 8: r of or acte eputation . The loss property , life , with a man of feelin will bear no ro ortion to that of gs, p p ‘ 8: characteh the one may be regained, y other may — of ct be lamented but a person robbed his chara e r, Tn Joan Mar Pum a 1 85

— ings of life nor

1 to character 8: reputa tion can never be cured . It 8 to no purpose t o say y‘ same opportunity is given to 1 3 to e—f or n vindicate , that there defam when a perso s character is once aspersed , it is always suspected , it is impracticable to apply y‘ antidote as far as y‘

oison is ex tended . Downor I hear is r urnin from p , , et g ‘ r ho to y westwa d , w seems have made it his business W to defame me , in all companies , here he has been . l no r artil r 8: He wil , doubt , discha ge his e y , reck his malevolence on every occasion . He , publicly , de clared M uskin um on r , at g his eturn , I am told , that o 1 1 1 he would d all injure our settlement . was a few days since — ’ here he has been with Downer on to J udge Symms a ur ase r to for u r of ch , in orde look out land a n mbe m1 h ho ‘ w n . a es, se t him for the purpose into y Country Witham ‘ to our tl h gives y preference set ements, 8: as en gaged six shares of me on his return . He says that ’ Downer made a very false representation of Symm a — l purchase, many times, in his hearing particular y ‘ a t Muskingum . Witkam gives an high acc . of our Lands down y‘ Ohio ' Witham r . P By I have letters f om Gen utnam, as ‘ “ ' — la te as y 27 of Oct The treaty had not taken were daly expectati ons of a number - rt r Bra t o come in from Sandusky . Unce ain whethe nt w — r — ill come in , or not The Indians very f iendly 8: ‘ ‘ P y people under no Apprehensions . Gen . utnam ‘ mf orms me that y report of a very fine sal t- spring up h M uski n um 1 8 —he e t e g , now made a certainty int nds t o visit it, before he returns home . of I have forwarded a statement my Agency , with ‘ m s—8: o n to y address , to y Agent w uld have se t a copy i — r ou had I time to transcribe t Howeve , I will y — t ake it with me when I come to Boston You ‘ r r r by it that I have eceipts f om y Treasury , for greate 1 88 Tn On o Com m

(address)

’ To be left at M r . Joseph M ay s st ore No. 3 . Long

1 40 1 31 1 1 01 1 1 0 Cour m

Amount Loses on a era v ge 1 00.000 these Scrips were ment to be Converted int o half Shares as I held a large quantity of Stock but as they fell l sold out at about 1 36 Dol

' B the Late failures which ved me of the

sc and Command of Up of 1 00,000£ in Cash for a Long time and thereby loosing its obveous A van a es at the resen crices M d t g p t —, y Debts were Subdivided and far ex tended my means ware promp and at least capable of cnhansing my fortune before they ware call'l fow & Banj ° which I am cut Short of a Supposed Sum of

Dollars, the Loss on which may be Said to befi and Since Stoppage I have already lost by the non t of Contracts 8: and other

Puffi ng by Richard Platt

the Ohio Company . Ta n JOHN M ar Par ana 1 41

XV . LIST OF 1 60ACRE LOTTS IN COL JOHN MAY ' S

AGENCY . “ drawn March 23 1 7 89 .

DOCUMENT

James “““ it; aary m Will rick Benj '" Cobb

Tho' Russell

W Russell

ThOP Blalce

Tho' Russell Do Nathl Ruggles 7 7 John M ay m Sargants Class

NO . 247

Sir I have looked over the Books 1 mtill my Patience r 86 was exhausted , in o der to make out your Con ’ h t I fi nd in S r a t if I st ituants, t e las a g n s Agency , am — not youwill correct me in your next I have app“fightto Sundry Books 8: cannot give you a better account than the above if that will give you satisfac to r t ion , it will add those Pleasu es which have ever ' added to the felicity of Sir Y friend 8:

humbl Servt . E . Battelle 1 42 Tn Omo Courm

XVI . A DEFENSE BY RICHARD PLATT “ New York May 1 0 92

all was a 8: Decanc but af -w was present pe ce y , te1 ards I am told the Devil was to a about the OhiO — p y Com that is because I paid them as far as as — hi w t able I very well that t s ould be he case.

8: Agents did not close With ‘ H M Combs 8: other Notes for know they did not con

t d tin what m r ult fro m other o le ex pec —c ex g ay es pe p s Notes I the Directors will come to some con d usiom as sbon as the Balance due h ul m wh vested in order to m a ity S o d be so c ere , eet ’ final I ssue of my Affairs I have made an ofler of all I poasess t o my Crediters 8z the OhiO Balance is in the mass of my Debts & must me to be Sincerely your Friend ‘ 8: Serv ‘ Signed Rich Platt

1 44 Tan 03 1 0 Courm

- XVIII LVII . LETTERS FROM THE CORRESPONDENCE OF

JOHN MAY . I s r aonvc'roar NOTE The letters are chiefly the correspondence between May and his representative in Of William Rufus Putnam , a son r Ohio Company , Gene al Rufus Pu r Gove nor Bowdoin , Manasseh r included . The outine of for the day when the tide toward the Ohio Company lands is

Of these letters . An occasional politics enlivens the dull business

ence . The letter by John May , cursed the embargo in true Fed collection shows the slow realization Of from their western investment and the causes as well. Tar Jan : M ar Pumas 1 45

XVIII .

21 1 7 89 . Boston April ,

to r going Ma ietta on the Ohio , WE in case youshould have a good oppor our several Shares

resent our respectful Compliments to and let him know our intention to Shares ; 8: that we request the favo

to . manifested , we are induced hope for r ouSuccess and prosperity , we a e very g1 r ’ " Yr most obed Serv James Bowdoin i Eliz‘ Bowdoin Jami M ay Esq '

favour you will Obtain for the within

3 as much as you can , but not dispose two hundred 8: twenty five dollars nett : the purchaser paying every

We have understood , that

400 Such dollars each . 1 40 Tan Orno Cour m

XIX .

’ John May s Return Of proprietors in his Agency for the purpose of Receiving a second Divident o n the surplus funds Of the Ohio Company ar t us are a Those m ked h x p id “ Bost on Feb’ 4 1 7 95

of of Shares Dividend

James Bowdoins 8:c

ohn M a S r t . J y W. e g Benjamin Cobb

Wm. Dall Wm Brick “ W Hoskins l er Sam G . P kins t r Ro b Williams Juu Russell Sturgcs Elbridge Gerry Henry K . M ay in Haven Elisha Ticknor ll r M m w a G . ar F ed y E. y arrants John Sprage W m R . M ay Eben' Dorr Ebenr Wales Thomas Blake 7 28 M arm warr John M ay 8: W . . y ants James Patterson army warrants James Smith army warrants Jn° M ay army warrants Jn° M ay Junr 35 shares Thomas Seward 2 2) 5 shares Florence Crowley l ) 88 Shares

1 50 Tn Orno Com m

i s on to sentiments of W ll end there Deeds you , with Sir u r Grate esteem , I am yo r f iend and humble servt

J . M ay (endorsement) Coppy Of Le tter to Wm Rufus Putnam

7 1 7 96 . May , TE E JOHN M ar Par ana 1 5 1

DOCUM ENT XXI .

' r 29 — 9 Ma ietta, Decem 1 7 6

’ “ — d your letter of May 1 6 1 7 96 enclosing — and other papers have delayed answering

am of the opinion that it is Father has advanced money have not been abl to get in

you di rected concerni ng his also—since that Smith — in law against you a copy of n I now Send you I want your advice

on the Subject . I have spoken to an M’ Meigs—Who will assist us in the r r r o de to suppo t this , money will be raised here nor do I know Of an ’ on youyou ll be obliged to intrust if you resid twice other

Father presents his respects to you Sir I have the Honour to ‘ ‘ be your most obed Serv

W . Rufus Putn am 1 52 THE OHI O COMPANY P S The Laws here prescribe that Wher—e cases are similar the trial f one may determine both Patte rson O — — Heirs rest their claim to the residuary funds ou ’ Smith s Success in order to destroy their claim t o more land an—d money than they have purchased by their powers it will be necessary to make it appear that t hose powers youmention were your Statement by the best authority oucan rocure — y p and the powers returned . (addressed)

° Col n s in ate Joh May, Bo ton the St Of Massachuset t

1 54 TaE Omo CM ANY of the land except the fifth division or 1 00 acre lot — which he now lives upon Your account must be attested to before a M ajistrate who will certify the — same accompanied with a ceriifi cate from the Pro — — t honota ry Of the County that he is a M ajist rate and a certificate also from the Governor that he is Pro — thonotar Of the County this the Practice of our y — Court requires the trial will be put Off till I hear — am instructed from you Your Division Dmd ought — t o r in r r e be recorded he e o de t“o make good the titl the Sketch enclosed shows the N drawn to you r shares ’ the large divisions are not yet Survey d tho they are — ’ of a midling quality as to their value I can t deter . mine money is scarce here people buy very little In d — unseen some Shares are worth 1 500 Dollars other: — not more than 7 or 800 from the situation Of yours — ' I should suppose them Of the middle quality M Meigs advises to a continuance Of the suit if possible r t wo untill afte the trial of causes of the same nature, — which are now in Court S hould they not succeed per haps Smith May be brought to terms with justice to — i 8: o l r ou h mself you The twenty d l a s y sent , with what arises from the sale Of yo ur goods 8: house rent I shall — pass to your credit as you directed you may rest ’ do for — assured , I ll not fail to the best you I can m — y Father sends his Compliments to you we shall be happy to see you next Spring or before Dear Sir I have the Honor to be your ‘ Ob Servent “ W Rufus Putnam . Col John May THE JOHN M ar Pam s 1 55

2°d Marietta August 1 7 97 . Dear Sir Your letter of the of July was handed me by ' M Boothby yesterday in which youmention having — written in February 8: in May both Of which I read — as you are informed before now I trust by my letter of Of — the fourteenth July last sent by the post , in which I represented youaffairs m their true light The advertisement you refer to in your last 1 8 the same — I mentio ned in mine S mith send out an Original Attachment upon your house 8: land which the Law — requires he should advertise this is the advertise — ment you heard Of Now Sir if Smith moves against — ou the house and land stand charged with the y — — debt unless otherwise paid I wish you to under — ’ stand the business you ll therefore permit me to — ro o r explain the P cess in this C unt y commences , e ither by a Summons or an attachment upon the P er son or Property either Personal or Real now in c onsequence Of your not r siding here Smith attached — e y our ho use 8:c which is in no danger Of being sold a t public Sale untill he gets Judment against you ’ 1 l ou wh ch I rather think he l not btain . y may there — O fore rest easy on that Score for I assure now as I did ’ — ll no i — in my last I t —be wanting n your business to best of my abilities I wish t o hear from you in — answer to my letter of July 1 4 I hope you will not fail to follow the directions therein if you have not ’ receiv d it let me know soon that I may write again on the subject with Esteem I ‘ ‘ remain youObed Serv

W . Rufus Putnam ° Col May 1 56 h r Omo COMPANY

“2 “ Boston Aug 4 1 7 97 . Benjamin Talmage Esq

If you should be so fortunate as to lay your hand r i on Ri chard Platts P operty , wh ch I have no doubt ou r y will be able to do , in p ocess of time , I beg youto be so good as to take effect ual measures to secure for me the Indent money due from him to me Amo unting to as p' a settlement Of the accounts made 8: done with him at N Yor k ‘ Dire ctors 8: Agents as will fully appear in the Inden ‘ ‘ — — Acc N 6 now in your possession as it is robable r uest is made to you prior to any of e othe q to r fl e e er ag nts beg you give me the p ence, and let i r m ne he the fi st secured , if the generall power I have sined to youwill not be sufficient I will give ouanothm y — full power whenever you shall think it necessary I am Sir with sentiments of great Este em ' ‘ Y Most Obed . humble Serv (signed) John M ay

1 58 THE 01 1 1 0 Com m and fourteen Thousand Two hundred and eighty five Acres as by reference to said letters patent will more at large appear TO Have and to hold the said several lot s or One Share hereby granted with the appertin the said James Smith his Heirs and

° I n witness whereof I the said Jn May Signed Sealed And Dld I n t eenth day of April in t he year Of our Pre sence Of Lo rd one Thousand seven hundred and ninety Eight Tn JOHN M AY PAPm 1 65

s I had not received any more than to pay for /4 0f 5

the tax upon five shares 0 ° ‘ D of 5 D

ballance due if you should request it I shall make ou—t a statement of last year taxes with the Vouchers but as that a ccount was settled last year except the small sum a bove I shall let it rest unless request ed by youor f u some o the Subscrib—ers I herein enclose to yo an account for —this year Wish youto pay the money t o my brother whose receipt shall be to you as my — o wn The Settlements near us increase very slowly t he Military land and the public land to the Westward — are settled very fast ther—e 1 8 more land for market t han money or purchasers I t would have been well if f the proprietors o the Ohio C—ompany had put their upon sale five years ag—o but the longer it is delayed the worse it will be the plans of the Ohio ’ — Company s land are not compleat o wing to urgency ’ Of the public survey s I am Dear ir with sentiments of Esteem S “ rvt . Your Obt . HO Se — Col May please to present my respects to your lady

1 02 m 0m 0m m — ret ains my father presents his compliments t o you and yours ' be so good Sir as to remember me t o M M ay 8: all well I am Sir your most Obt Servt THE JOH N MA Y PAr Eas 1 68

‘ “ C ol John May Of Boston to W Ruf us Putnam of

M arietta Dr .

To ths tus upon ths h nd of the follov ing pum for l m

3! £3 511

David Pic cs Scn

Jot Jona

P M

a has Bahma 1 36

2 00 6 (I )

1 .00

1 .00

8 .N

6 .00 1 8 84 mStephen. ‘ “ Boston Sep 1 8 1 801 Dear Sir Yours Of the 1 2 June came duely to hand the rea son of my not answering it sooner was t o give time for the proprietors to pay in theire Taxes in doing r which they have Moved but Slowley . I have howeve at l e ngth Collected all on the Memorandum you 8 c — 2 sent me Except B . Cobb Shares 8 . 6 Sam‘ Adams 1 56 and Hugh Henderson 1 4 82

my own 8 Shares which youundoubtedly paid Sum 50 and 8 I . 62 . 5 which I have c

This Sum I deduct from the foot of the 8 c memorandum you sent me which is and leaves a ballance of

M r . Edward Whitman wishes to be considered as belonging to your Agency and has accordingly paid me twelve Dollars 86 1 00

2 to . he says that 8.8c Of this money is Due D Wood ' to ‘ 2 bridge Esq the residue is pay Tax N 8: 8 . ‘ — I call this last Tax N 3 in future I wish you tO denominate the Tax by the Number . I am not a little surprised that theirs is no Greater demand for o i ur Land , while they are settle ng on both our falanks

1 72 THE OHm Coan ANY

° M ariett a Jub 1 5 1 sos Dear Sir sta te ment will enable youto collect the division mentioned has ar isen from this circum stance the law for levying a road ta x could not be pat into execution I have enclosed youown taxes as others — for the sake of regularity in my accounts I have not been able to get a farthing of Interest money from Batt le yet — — the mortgage expires next fall s hall I sue it up? application has been made to me for an 1 60 acre lot

400 dollars has been Ofi ercd for it 1 00 in the other in yearly payments of 1 00 dollars each with — — interest secured upon t—he land by mortgage s hould you feel inclined to sell and would empower me to — do it (or send m a deed (which by the by youcant do — for t wo a liants as there are pp and not yet—deter mined who ought to have the claim of purchas I cant — ’ transmitt a name to you) you ll have no nee f — d O s nding money for this year the gener al po er is so e — w circuito us—that I prefer direct Ones W—ith restrictions if youplease (say t o notice you of price and not co nve ’ re receiv d the ou t hrni till di c—tions Offer made y I — generous o ur settlement progre ss mod1 rate1y but the County will probable settle eventually I formerly paid taxes for the following persons but ’ — as I have receiv d neither mony or directions pres ume — — they are paid some other way A Biglow Ste phen

I have the honor to be with much esteem ‘ your bed Servt O “ Col° May W Rufus Putnam THE JOHN M A Y PM 1 78

N° 4

of taxes for the year 1 802 upon the the Persons hereafte r named lying in — Washington N W T with a deduction ‘ the road tax for y year 1 801 that year—and paid by mains in

m m 1 m w m m rm Am t to bo rcmftt od

1 3 . 4

l : half shares

“ M arietta Jul 1 5 1 802 — “ y i Strong one Share W Rufus Putnam 1 7 4 m 0am COMPANY

“ Boston October 1 9 1 802

to ansure of as Usual , I have delayed your Letter i h f 4 1 8 Juley last , inclose ng t e amount o Tax (NO ) to Sundre r r CO again , y prop ieto s Of the Ohio

. f r so therein Mentioned and—my reasons e so is the Same as last year which is a careless remission

ouSend me the List ewes papers that such a tax is levied and that those in your agency ma ay the Same to me if they choosc will mitt to W to do , and that I re the same you ithout — so t to delay yett pa—y little at ention it that I have to Dun em I have at length Collected all contained in your chedule accepting aleb Cham — S —C Moris Everett 8: Thomas Wolcutt youmay ow ' — ever conside—r them as d as I will take it t o mi own account and in dition to your schedule which 3 c amounts to you will please to add Samuel Cobb 2 Shares who 1 3 Sole Heir to Benjamin Cobb deceased 61 00 85 34 this sum you will please to Charge to my account and Collect in my out standing Debts as fast as possable — i our f and reta ne the same in hands , or future pur — ° poses With re spect to 11 Battells mortgage as the time is about p and theire 1 s NO prospect . Trans ired of i t w1 sh t o ll his redeeming , I you— sue it up , and fina y Settle that business completly I do not wish however to distre ss him by t urnin hm Farme but am Willing he Sfiould continue on the ame — S in r r behave g well , and paying a Mode ate Rent as you Laws are undoubtedly materially different from ours I

1 76 Tan 01 1 1 0 Com m

DOCUM ENT XXXIV . 26 1 Boston October , 802 Dear Sir I wrote youa few days Since and informed youOf ° my haveing collected the Tax N 3 agre eable to your chedule (date 1 5 July 1 802) excepting Three persons S — which I Stand accountable for yesterday I receive a r hi i line f om s Excellency Caleb Strong , request ng that I would forward to you the amount of the Tax on On h ar drown e s e in his own name , and half a share in the name Of Asahel Pomroy . which agreeable t o schedule I make amount to 38. .54c as the Shares Aver age . I f I am not right youwill make it so as this Sum cold not be sent ou in paper we having none SO

Small , I have credi you with that amount . I beg youto have the Tax paid on this Share 8z half and in i - future cons der him Governor S O umy list . he says he has paid the Taxes up to Last Winter Next Monday is Election for Members Of Congress for this Commonwealth there will be a smart stru gle — g between Federal 8: Ants but I have no doubt but the Federall Intrust will prevaile I pray God it may hro t ough t all the States. I am Sir in Greate haste

John May Coppey t o T O William R . Putnam ° N 4 . Tu JOHN M Ar Puma 1 77

M DOCU ENT XXXV . i “ L tchfield June 28 1 808 . D' l f 2 “ I have before me your etter o the 0 instant, 8: r o r am so ry youhave s much t ouble in the business , especially as the great Object is t o induce Gentlemen t o receive money which is generally pretty acceptable . It would be peculiarly agreeable to me to see youat especially as I can hardly expect that any

ordinary occasion will call you into this quarter again . w r to on Ho eve , accommodate you the present occasion , I will endeavour to have the business so arranged that ot youneed n be obliged to come on to this place . I wi ll endeavour to“be at Hartford on thursday of next 7 Of o week , say the July , so that n this follo

we may accomplish the business . In this case ’

Lee s Sta e House. no meet you at g If “I should t m t o on e co e on, be good en“ough call Mess Tallmadg s H w 1 8: Averills , Merch at artsford , ho shall be n r b m how to r i st ucted y e p oceed in the bus ness. I will also annex the form Of a t which the other agents t o i will please execute, 8: wh ch being presented will r authorise the payment Of thei dividends . I wish the whole business of the Agencies in ques tion may be done at the time proposed agreeably to

the state ment annexed . I am Sir ‘ ‘ Your most Obed Serv Benj'I Tallmadge Amo‘ of 3 " Dividend due to ’ M Cutler s Agency on 86 Shares " ’ Eph Cutler s (1 0 1 3 Nath‘ Freeman ’s do 9 ’ Henry Jackson s do 1 3 ° ’ Eliph Downer s do 1 8 ’ Jn° May s 35 1 78 THE. Omo COMPANY Tallmadge Treasurer of the Ohio Company

Sir

° Please to pay to C01 . Jn May one thousand th ree 1 t hundred thirty four Dollars 91 00 being the amo Of the t hird Dividend due to my agency on Eighty Six t r r e a ar his re s a ur sc ar e p op i t ry Sh es , c h ll be yo Di h g from any further Claim or Demand for the same Wit ness my hand at Day Of July 1 803

I n presence of (Copy) M . Cutler

Tan JOHN M AY Pumas 1 81

“ Marietta August 1 3 1 804 n Sir “ ’ Your favor Of March 1 8 has been receiv d by appears that you do not fully understand my the amount of which you say is 846 1 4 1 34 1 is the footing of our account for 1 802 1 808 accounts had been rendered on you will find a ballance of is to be credited 1 1 1 s/e for 1 804 acknol — sad to be in my hands Battles note for which cording to your directions) I took a mortgage on

not been collected , althoe it has been to suit , owing the new organization of last it was contemplated for the imcn r t Of the p esent years taxes , but the dependence i l boo uncerta n , as in all probabi ity it will not be in i t lect ed time , consequently will be necessary it youcollect 85 transmitt the ballance Of the en sed estimate of taxes by the first of December next

‘ Estimate am Of Money in my hands

Ballance to be remitted

money shall be collect ed upon B Note r r d l will be placed to you c e it , but until then I do 1 hold myself accountable further than as an Agent ' lhe difference Of our accounts arises from the differ I — modes ad opted by us in them you seem to have tinguished between agency and other more private t ters I have but one acct wherein you are charged ih all moneys paid for taxes Si gh - and credited for afl paym ts whet her in east at Bos—ton ha e or eb where old houses money for lands h I have omitted ’ uiries for M Thoma the enq s— them will soon write again Friends all Crops but no sale for land Wi th sentiments of estem l am Dear Sir your

W Rufus Put nam Col John M ay

1 84 Tn Omo Courm

Nov. “ To An od n - lh t a d d not

R “ Vin . “ veret t lanR ed fa -v ud to E w-

W 7

M ' Thomas Blake wishes me to ll present year . and so on Unti theire fore you will

to Collect the Taxes for are as follows .

Sold hirn by

' - — 1 804 Novem SO tO State taxu m a da m N l O D m' S ece to DO DO 2 88. Tun JOHN M AY Puma 1 85

I have inclosed the Seventy five Dollars as men tioned before and hope they reach you in safety 8: in i r r go od t me to answe the pu pose designed . I have no time nor much inclination to say anything on Polliticks Only that by the late returns Massachusetts comes — out r f democraticks 8: mo e than hal alas, alas a lack , a Da i to r will thank you make my best egards , and to d r r respect your age Fathe and any inqui ing friends , and believe me to be with Great Esteem your most Obedie“nt servant John May [TO W R . Putnam] “ Mariett a August 1 0 AD “ Your favor of November 1 4 came safe to hand but not untill after the day of payment of the tax es

o —I i in you account, only t hrough y u have pa d only r by your order, therefore cannot cha ge them as t hey muc un have never even asked the payment of tax h I humbly conceive that you are the person — that can charge them f urther suppose might collect 3 0r 4 dollars from a share of land b a for i — y e gn attachment it would cost more than it is worth I have therefore thought W to state an acct not in n or without e g those delinque ts , as f them I con ceive myself answerable in no degree whatever

“ TO W Rufus Putnam D

1 90 THE OHI O COMPANY

' ' D e li am Rufus Putnam Esq 1 805 ' ' Nov 4 TO amount of Ballance due Jn May ' ‘ " ' Acco Rendered 1 0 Aug 1 805 Nov 4 By Ar TO Tax e Sent me t ' To p your Schedule ’ Over Charge on E. Gen ey s 2 Sharea ' ‘ p Schedule 81 1 . comm 2 carried out 1 4

My Commission on

ov m er 4 1 805 1 8 70 N e b . ‘ 44 Share am Cash Sent him mail deduct 2 share 1 0 45 TO ballance

Boston November 4. 1 805

' May a h 'ue Coppey Of the ox Tal : JOHN MA Y Puma 1 9 1

“ Marietta January 1 7 1 806

“ ' Of 1 Novem arived in Marietta the last Of Decem' enclosing bank had settled on the

time of payment , Of your letter m 25pr centum on x pay , the ta es are not yet ue h l to time t “ey wi l be attended , own 8: W Marshalls land I shall necessary Our State in remote surprisingly the emigration has equalled former emigra eh are well known to have — Of the kind ever before but the — are not much sought after Will not

I am Dear Sir

with esteem your Obt . St . W‘ Rufus Putnam John May 1 02 Tru Omo Oon m

“ M arietta August 6 AD 1 m Dear Sir As the period to give notice of the tax es for the n sect year has i tter ou 8:c ma y declined ever collect ing again , it ace necessary t o request your attention this year at least. — therefore I presume t o addres s you the necew ty ari articularl from th t ate of the tax es for the ses p — y e s last year the estimate which I transmitted last r mitt August, was but an estimate , I now t ans a schedule of the payments , with the proper vouchers (except m a s re not few instances , in those duplicate receipt we taken through omission) from this there appears t o be a balance dur me from the persons composing the the money paid upon the Est i mat e was ’ receiv d by youand the quantity known to you only it appears to me that no person can so w ll settle it — e as yourself I have been very particular in dr awing out schedule that it may appear where the mo ey — n was paid 8: why you will perceive by the receipt that a penalty of 2 5 pr Ct pd on all or most of your rO rt 1 r 1 8 p pe es the eason , the money with your tions did not arrive in time Vz by the first of Decem you own tax 8: t wo or three others the proprietors w cannot co—mplain as it as in consequences tardiness as this balance will come through you have thought proper to add an estimate for the present r r e yea , which I believe 1 3 so near cor ect , that hereaft r w I v v e can close the agency with ease . ha e e en con sider d as o r t s e myself y ur agent , a her than your elf as mine therefore the notice may with propriety be r r given them , (that is the prop ieto s that they must — adopt some other mode of transmitting mony The ' “ taxes for the present year become due Decem 1 and if not paid , sales immediately take place

1 94 THE OHro COMPANY

s gs | x s a g az es s é fi i fi l b Q 4 : : Q Q Q ~ -i n § §

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 Q Q Q fl Q Q Q 6 0 0 c o m a d

fi — n m n fi n fi n u — “ n fi n u n ufl n ufl n n THH JOHN M A Y COMPANY 1 05

31 W

1 806 is 2643 0

Col John May

I “ Augurt C to the amount of By the ballance of acct for the tax es by tion for year 1 805 Schedule on the other 7 1 ‘ uust 6 B al n A g y b a ce debt

Marietta August 0 ' AD I BOO W Rufua Putnam

1 98 THa OHrO CouPANY

DOCUM ENT XLV . Marietta August 22 ADI SO7

Dear Sir I here enclose a duplicate voucher of the payment of taxes of the persons therein named for the year 1 806 —it appears necessary that you should hold such a on — r e for thei satisfaction should they enq uire , and further, as those persons are known to me only through — you I know not where to addre ss to them and it seems necessary that they should be put in mi nd Of ar the present years taxes , which e the same they were ’ last and become due on the first day Of Decem next I would therefore suggest the propriety Of you r first f v noti yin—g them m the newspapers e en if it is at my ex pence there are two or three names in this dupl icate which were not in your memorandum . these were ’ placed here through mistake you ll there fore take no — — notice of them Vz S tephen Cooke John Stanton 8: Moses Everett as I have paid their taxes I would thank — — outo write me where they can be found Vz Cook y — 8: Stanton Everett correspond with me I t would be very agreeable to me never to know those proprietors only through you as the business can be done better in this way we have practised than to communicate — with each individuals but this must be as you please — . . f 80 it must A “Certain Mr Daniel W Gri fith wishes to purchase W Dalls one hundred and sixty acre lot l r re proposes to give two dol a s per ac , and request a — cre dit Of th ree years the lot is numbered 808 lays about 1 4 miles from Marietta upon the South branch Of Wolf Creek the quality is unknown to me Our town is improving pretty fast for a new world and should all those towns on the Atlantic coast be Tn JOHN M AY Puma 1 99

contribution by some foreign power There seems to be a fair effi cacy Of a Gun boat dlministratilon. wishing health and happiness to youand yours ‘ I remain your obedient Serv m W Rufus Putnam . 202 THE OHI O COMPANY

DOCUM ENT XLVII . “ Marietta M ay 7 1 808 Dear Sir “ ’ Your favor of Feb’ 26 was duly receiv d one Copy ' seven dollars which I placed to the C of E Dorr Decon Nye has proposed to pay for the redemtion ' of D land t herefore this sum will be applied t o the ’ — present year s tax es yours enclosing money for tax es ’ last year was receiv d with the money I have watcd answering that I might state this years tax es which are the same they were last ; the duplicate receipts for last year have not been btained but youmay ex pect —O to reci ve them are long the sale of the share Of land u to ff yo mention I have not been able e ect , indeed I think it likely that it cannot be sold here on account of the scarcity Of money 8: the stopage of business but I will use every endeavour to dispose of it in the way that will answer ‘ I remain Dear Sir your ob ‘ Humble Serv “ W Rufus Putnam Col' Jn° May

Tn ( h o Om a n

M W a “ A I M m m t n M .

. ” . 3 M 3 3 m 3 1 m 1 1 m

M C . M 1 m

M M M m M e M

Dollars to THE JOHN M AY PAPEHs 205 “ 4 5 f or and is N 3 of the 8 Acre Lot , what I mean is 01 1 to attach all his right to the above share and have {t sold and if it Should GO Very Lo w buy it on My — Account for all these extra troubles I am allways — you as you 8: I have never wrote on

it not worth while to begin now . I say we have ben dreadfully cramped for — year by the Cursed imbargo and we do — no se any prospect of its removal at present they threw ; us from head Quarters that if th—ey raise the e must go to war with England Spain is at

Wwork ousl . God be with MH Never forget to y — Make my best regards to your Venerable Father and behave me to be your Most Obedient Servant

Of Let ter to Wi Putnam

was him in December Wrote him a duplicate with additions

March 25 1 809 .

Write him Lengthey July 25 1 809 206 m omo cm m

DOCUM ENT L . “ Marietta August 1 1 809

— At t to ou h leng h I have commenced writin—g y whic I ought to have done some time ago but have been — prevented by one circumstance 8: an other your ’ favor Of Oct last inclosing money for taxes was receiv d ’ and the money you ll find in following accounts yours ’ of March last was likewise receiv d what y ou state “ r o relative to W Ma challs land will be attend t , l have waited untill this time as our Court sits within about a fortnight at which term the suit will be brought — James Smith with whom we have had difi iculty heretofore has made a demand of the balance or last — payments Of the residuary funds which he says you ’ ° have receiv d from Col Talmage since the settle ment — of the former suit upon his share and he says that ou r to him unless y pay them ove , he will commence — an action wish to wr ite on this subject immediately Inclosed you will receive the vouchers of the pay Of — taxes for 1 807 and 1 808 O f those persons you directed — except for Caleb Champneys heirs them I "n — write W Wisward and enclose the vouchers b ut ’ here acknowledged to have receiv d of you for them that each person may the particular situation of his acct I draw these separately the vouchers may with ‘ the acc be delivered then .

M JOEN M AY Pumas 209

I hope that this will reach youin Safety 8: in good tune

I am satisfied James Smiths demands are unjust , he is not intitled to any dividend on the surplus funds as he paid me for his share all together in army 8: for warrants , such shares I received NO dividend at the Settlement at Philadelphia " r r th i r 8: you hono father was e re p esent , dent of the board Of directors . he Undoubtedly remember if not his Books and Papers will show that I represented 85 shares 8: demanded a dividend on them but they r allowed me on 28 only , Saying t hat those Sha es paid for in Army Warrents drew theire full Share of Land but ware not intitled to surplus money cons uenly the allowed me none on 7 Shares of whichq y — Smrth was one I am however to leave it to — your father to say what is right if mith has com r menced an action , o insita on t — your bes Judgement imploy council if you think proper . I shall add that I did not receive any surplus Money for h im and am loth to pay him what I did not receive

r Of . r i as the Sha e mine drawn in the name S . G Pe k ns is now twice broke in upon I wish you to sell the remainder or any of my other Shares when you have a to attend to the Marshall — account and pray on the recept to of this . Never forget to remember my best regards ‘ your Hon father 8: believe me your sincear friend 8m John May DEED . M Know all men by these Presents that I , John of of ff Common wwK Boston , in the County Su olk and ’— of Massachusetts Esq I n consideration of One hundred Dollars in hand paid to William Rufus Putnam (my a—gent at Marietta) on or before the delivering hereof by Jeremiah Dare of the Town of Marietta

r o r d — ere receipt whe e f is he eby Acknowle ged DO h by. grant sell and convey to the said Jere miah Dare Sne E ht Acre lot of Land ships 0 Marietta , and was drawn in the Name of r Samuel G . Perkins , and is Numbe e d in the Ohio m s on Co paney Book of Draughts , e hundred and ninety two To have and to hold the Said Land hereby granted with the unances thaire In Witness whereof I the Sai Abigail my Wife intoken of hir Dower 1 n “the premises have here Unto set and Seales this was Sent back for want of Warentee now Gone on is thus Warenteed

‘ DO and , I the said John May with the Said Jeremiah Dare that I am the Owner f the said Eight Acre lott and have O — to Sell the Same and that I defend the same against the Im ple S1 gned Sealed ' 3‘ 1 81 0 Oct “ Co e of a Deed and a Letter to W R . Putnam pp y — . 23 1 809 . Marietta , Oct

21 2 THE OHIO COMPANY

M DOCU ENT LIII . “ Marietta August 1 0 1 81 0 Dear Sir ' I wrote in M arch last in answer to urs of Oct ’ which doubtless youhave receiv d as I ve obtained duplicate receipt for the payment Of taxes last year they are herein enclosed

2‘ 8‘ “ ' W l 8: o h r amoun i to 4“Ehen a es t e s t ng . 5 Caleb Champney 8: 0thers amounting to

The taxes for the present you are nearly one fourt h h higher than they were last and become“due on t e first Of Decem your business With W Marshal is on progressing, but the money cannot be counted this — present year for the payment of taxes O n your return ing a c rrected dee d for Mr Dare there will be fif t o — y dollars in hand for the purpose it is an unpleasant thing that the taxes have risen , but thi—s proceeds from bad management in our publick men the origin of this evil was laid in our going from a Territorial — Government to a State The constitution of our Territorial government provided that so soon as there should be free inhabitants Within any of the contemplated divisions they might form to themselves 8: a constitutio—n State Government provided it should be repulican and that such state should be received into the Union upon the limit of the original States THE JOHN M A Y PuEHs 21 8

ongress held large tracts of land in our sta te has C — commenced their system of sale o ur co untry was filling with inhabitants When certain exclusive patriots set r o r in motion the fo ming a state g ve nment, but it th r r r —V was objec—ted that we wanted e numbe equi ed s to obviate this difi culty a certain portion of the Coun—try sent agents to Congress a procured a bill to pass authorizing the Eastern division to form — a state government but connected with it certain — propositions Wherein the state was to relinquish the lic right of tan n pub lands , and that they would not tax land sold i y the U S for five years after it should — be sold now as there was no other source of supporting r r o r our gove nment but f om land taxes , the p o Devils that had purchased before this business had them all — to pay now the sale of the public lands has filled the state with i nhabitants increased the representation and consequen tly the expense of government but add — nothing to the funds untill after five residence When I i u r reflect on th s b siness , done unde the spurious show or —I of love f the people sicken , and abhor the idea O f — modern republicanism but hy ? we are not alone W — Whenever democracy prevails some authentic evil preys upon the bowels Of the state I sincerely regret ll the relapse into which my native state has fa en , how to account for it is difi cult but nothing ought to — surprise us these days of unrversal distraction This season has been very wet even so that it has very to r e inconvenient secure the c ops of hay and Wh at , r such seasons have usually p oduced sickness , but as yet ther e is very little in this quarter—my Father is not in very good health this summer yet is able to do business ; accept his regards for yourself I remain dear Sir ‘ r Servt . You Ob “ W Rufus Putnam ° ° Col Jn M ay J Smith has not called on me since I receivd your I r ette . 21 4 TH E Omo COMPANY

DOCUM ENT LIV . Boston Oct 3 1 8 1 0 Dear Sir Yours of 26 August came duely to hand inclosing r for h eceipts taxe—s the last year and a broad int fer more this year your remarks on the ex t re audinay i r w high Taxes of th s p esent year, as ell as former ra or theire no Ones , are tu ly m tifying is such Taxes laid Count re on Any of the Wild Lands in this y , in fact it is unf aire 8: unjust and cannot be patently bour n I most Sincearly lament and regret with youthe o o i t r relaps of ur C mmonwealth , 8: emains vere y Unsartain hen if ever She recovers hir former di net W — g y and Splender Such an Unwealy house of Repr sentatives upwards of 600 a M ajorety Of them Violent cl o No se o r th Ign rant y y dem c ats , fill e Chamber last June I dread the time when the long Winter Sesion will commence then theire will be constant spoutings from i — durty filthey founta nes but . N0 More

‘ I nclosed youhave my Deed to Jere Dare done in the this I presume to be 6

Temple heirs 9 Ditto Eben ' Wales Ditto W‘l Wiswald

Your Comm‘ on 1 4 Shares 1 48 os a e 8m 88 , p t g

I hope this Will reach youin Safety and in good time if Smith does not trouble us any more so Much the r r r r bette , if he Does I refe you to my fo me Letter on — that Subject I expect the nex time I hear from you

W NW ”1 8 1 0

' ‘ Your favor of Oct S

— might be bought to great advantage from 1 000 to

— ta e also cattle horses hogs or sheep I shall he ha y g u pp ur on in this count r and ever assistan to see yo s y y— ce within my power shall cheerfully lend him doubtless ' wh - you recollect Maj Gooda—le o settled at Bel pre the garden of the purchase (unfortunate man he fel by the Indians) his Estate has been rented and neglecte d untill the buildings which were log are fallen to deca d the ground , and—the fences so y so that it appears a very ruin still there remains 1 60 acre s 1 00 acres of which rs first rate bottom and fifty acne s no w — cultivated as above de—scribed With a beautiful exte n sive front of the Ohio this tract was sold a year m THE JOHN M AY PAPEHs 21 7 — for 81 1 00 dollars and rs now for sale a few hundred dollars laid out in repairs in fences and cleaning up brush 8: would render it as complete a farm as any one l —i r 1 n old flourish cou d Wish t —s situated the midst of an ing settlement ou the reception of your letter im mind first lit on the spot as well calculated to suit your —M r son y fathe enjoys very—good health as also his family and all connections Old Friend Battle is is sti ll alive resides i n the neighbourhood of his son but dwells by himself that (as he observes) he may — eat his mush in his own way accept Of my regards

8: well Wishes for yourself and family . Yours respectfully “ W Rufus Putnam m “( b u

M I NI .

’ ‘ M art tta Sqrt l l AD 1 81 1

x

A ( 1 1 l \ K

- " 3 (a 1 n by CO I N1 3 1. pro weded tot he sale of the M attached 1 n

TE! JOHN M AY Pum a 221 t it ill be N c ssar for outo rse the ame , w e e y y indo S th ought this the best method of conveying it and hope f t will reach youin safety . I Wish youto sell any o ny lotts when youcan obtain a fair price 8: good pay m mb r m 8: l M e e e e to thy aged father, be ieve e to be 'o ur Sincear friend 8: Humble Servant J M ‘ l o W R . Putnam . GENERAL INDEX

A ams Samuel d , Alaman l A bany . Alex andria “ Alleghany M ountains River Andover “ Arch al Azor G b d,

Ba cock Asa b , Backus ames , J

Baker Be . 1 0 n . , j 9 Eleazeri 1 63 Barlow Aaron 1 09 oel 1 00 1 1 1 1 J , 3, 4 Barrell ose h 1 2 , J p 4

Bat telle E enezer . 1 0 I 08 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 I , b 4, , , 49» 5 , S3. 1 6 21 1 8 I 3g32 1 , $ 74, 1 3 Ba of M ex ico Be pre 2 1 6 Bi elow Asahel 1 1 60 1 6 1 2 1 g , 59 , , 3, 7 , Blake Thomas 1 8 1 , 4, 94, Blaker Leonar 1 0 , d 4 Boar of olice 1 0 1 1 0 d P 4, By- laws 1 07 Bolan Leonar 1 8 d , 4 Boot h M r 1 by, 55 Borland Leo ar 1 60 1 6 , n d , 3 Boston 1 0 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 3, 3, 4, 34, 35, 37 , 45, 1 2 1 6 1 1 1 6 6 1 0 1 1 6 1 1 82 5 5 57 . 59, 3, 9, 7 . 74, 7 79. 1 8 1 8 1 0 1 6 1 2 0 2 1 3, 9, 9 , 9 , 97 , 4, 4, 2 20 Bowdoin El 2 6 a t . 0 6 1 6 1 1 8 1 1 1 iz e h . 1 1 1 , b , 45, 3, 9 , 7 3, 7 , 94, 9 5, 9 ,

1 44 1 02 1 1 I 1 6 4 45, 4 1 2 0 2 1 2 20 95, 7 , 4, am s e 2 20 e , D at h of . am s i f 2 20 e , He rs o Bowen a ez 1 1 8 , J b

224

Count of ashin t on . 1 1 6 2 1 8 y W g 57 , 9,

Crar Co l. Archi a 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 08 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 y, b ld 4, 5, 7 , , , 3, 5, 1 32:1 37 Cro le lorence w y, F

1 1 0 Cussineaux M r , 1 39 Cutler E hraim 1 1 1 , p 4, 77 M anasseh 6 6 8 0 9 . 9 . 9 . 99. 1 0. 1 1 4. 1 1 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 3 . 33. 34. 36. 1 37 . 1 44. 1 51 . 1 77. 1 g 93 1 64

. . 1 z 1 1 1 6 1 1 8 o . 4 . 4 . 73. 4. 1 87 . 1 94. 1 9 5. 1 96. 1 200 20 1 98, ,

1 2 1 , 1 30 " 208 2 1 0 2 1 1 2 1 2 a , , , , 2 1 4, 2 1

Dick,

Do l Wm. see Dall . l , ( , W ) 7 2 Dorr E enezer 1 02 1 1 1 6 1 6 1 6 1 1 8 1 8 1 6 , b , 4 , 4 , 3, 9, 7 3, 4, 7 , 9 , 2 20 1 , 20 Dorchest er Do ner Eli halet 1 00 1 1 1 w , , 5, 35,

Duer . i lliam 8 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 , Col 9 , 99, 3, 4, 5, 3 1 , i l Dunham Dan e . 1 0 , 5, D r Eli t e , hale . E dri lvester ge, y Solomon

1 0 1 0 8 5, Dwight reeman Nath F , French Creek .

F ribour h uller liver F , . Sivester

1 09 1 1 6 1 02 . 1 4 1 . 1 46. 3 . 69 . 1 73. 1 84. 1 87 . ‘88 1 8 1 1 l 6 1 9 9 1 941 951 9 7 97 1

Gilman Ben . , j P

G ray, M r“ G reat M 1am1 G reen A raham , b

Grifi n G ri le illia m . d y, W G rif t h Dani el fi , H armer oel , J H arris E ar , dw d Ha H a Hart ford

' efl m H erd, Sa uel lm He s, Nat hl H en H derson ugh . H ills oro Earl of b , Hoc ki v r khoc ng Ri e 77 . 79»83. 9° B ol ton u e . , J dg

i . H osk ns, Wm

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 1 4, 3 , I ) “37

1 6 1 1 8 1 8 1 9. 73. 4. 7 . 94. 1 9s. 1 96. 1 9 1 “4

M cCombe , H

M ariet ta 2 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 , 73, 3, 3 3 4 47 , 5 , 1 53 , 1 1 60 1 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 59, , , 71 , 7 2 , 1 1 1 8 1 1 8 1 86 1 0 1 1 3 1 i 1 , 4, , 9 , 9h 9 1 95. 96 3:i 991 202 2 206 2 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 , 03, , 07 , 0, , 2, 6, 2 1 8 ariet t a List of M i itia at 1 0 M , l 7 M ark a he “ . t 6 , M t w 0 M auhall hris o C t her . 1 6 1 1 8 1 8 1 1 1 6 , p 9, 73, 4, 7 , 94, 95, 9

1 1 5 51 . 5 . wi l t - 1 1 - 1 7 4 2 1 4

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1 1 6 , 1 1 7 81 81

01 5 1 1 3 8 - 7 5- 76

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. 80 7 9, 79 1 09 ari s Bl athe r C9 , P ' a u M ari -z n 1 1 r . e 60. 1 5 1 1 6 20 P 4. 95, 9 ,

ars-cm Genera; Sa e. H . S 1 8 1 1 1 20 P . . 5. 99, 5, E abe 1 6 1 1 6 at t erson. fz P , 4

. 1 6 1 1 6 , 4

1 6 1 , 1 64

1 59 ,

earce Wm. 1 6 1 2 1 P , 3 , 7 , 7 5 enns lvania 8 8 8 8 88 0 P y 77 . 7 , 3 . 5, 7 , , 9 ' Penns i zania Ban hiladel hia “ 2 y k. P p Pensacola 89

l . 2 2 1 0 erkins Samue G . . 1 6 1 1 60 20 0 P , 4 . 59, , 7 , 9,

err Bret on . . 1 0 P y , 9 hila el hia 8 8 88 1 20 2 20 P d p 3, 7 , , 49, 9, 98 Publication No .

TRANSACTIONS

THE WESTERN RESERV E SOCIETY HISTORICAL

Issued August

A rticles of Incorporation — Offi cers Me mb e rshi p

A nnual Reports for l 9 | 7 9 l 8

CLEVELAND. OHIO I9 I8 - 2 Ana1 n u or I nconronsn ox

STATE O F OHIO

1 - T1 1 1 3 Wnsm x Rm vn 1 1 1 31 011 1 04 1 . Sous n

l Sw r ) . Sai cor ora ion sha l be oca e a o n d p t l t d nd its principal usiness ransac e at the i of leve an m uaho a Coun b t t d C ty C l d, C y g ty,

. ur ose for hich sai cor or io THI RD The p p w d p at n is formed is not pmfih but is to discovermollect and preserve whatever relates

to the his or io ra h enealo and an i ui ies of Ohio and t y , b g p y , g gy t q t the es and of the eo le ellin herein incluin the h sical W t ; p p dw g t , d g p y main i history and condition of that State; to ta n a museum and i rar and to ex en kno le e uon the su ec s men ione b l b y, t d w dg p bj t t d . y li mee i b ulica ion and b o her erar n s ro er means. t y t g , y p b t y t p p

I n Witness Whereo We have hereunto set our han s his f , d . t

D . 892 . se en h of March A . 1 v t dw , ,

enr . Ranne H y C y ,

Da i . Ba in v d C ldw . Amos To nsen w d, lli m Bin ham J D v i a as. . Cle elan W g , d,

A. T. Br ewer .

li rar all u ica ions annual fee is ten o lars. b y , p bl t , d l on rollin mem ers who a one have the vo in ranchise C t g b , l t g f . are li e mem ers fee two hun re dollars one a men f b , d d ( p y t) ,

and a rons fee fi ve hun re ollars. P t , d d d Honorary and corresponding members are chosen by vote r of the T ustees.

ar sons L1 7 1 : AND A U L a ns or r un P , NN A

‘ ‘ Dule . A en M r . i B o d y P ll s M ar a . C bb D M . r w . And e s J . Cox

. Dal n H G . to

H P Bells

D . R . Hanna

H . M . Hanna ‘ har es Harkness C l W .

A. M . Bradley

Br Charles F . ush

E. S. Burk Jr. e,

‘ Hi Peter M . tchcock ‘ Liberty E. Holden

1 1

H H . ohnson . J ‘ in H . a nne H . W . K g C . R y ‘ R . Ralph King R . Rhodes

Mrs. Mar erkins La on ohn D . ockefel er y P wt , J R l John P . Sawyer

v John L. Se erance

3 ‘ lora S one M a her M rs. Mar are M”. F t t g tta Stone Ambrose Swasey

‘ D . Nor on Amos To ns . Z t w end b E. W . Ogle ay Jeptha Homer Wade ‘ o . Samuel H . Parsons J hn F Warner ‘ ‘ a n i A. Henry B . P y e M ss M ary Warner ‘ . n Rollin . hi e O . H Pay e C W t ‘ Thomas H. White hi William J . W te ‘ Joseph Perkins Windsor T. White ‘ ‘ E. H . S . Pickands Mrs. M ary Whittlesey ‘ ‘ L James Pickands John . Woods ‘ ‘ A o e harles 0. Sco Alfred . P p C tt

r . F . F. Prentiss Geo ge H Worthingto n

e s: M m s as

‘ M Jarvis . Adams ‘ W r ohn A en orceste M ass. J W. ll ,

M . Ca herine A en t ll ,

M t. Lebanon, N . Y

Miss Sarah L. An re s Ohio . Bar er d w C b , ‘ ete r M . Ar hur Akron hio P t , O ‘ Elro M . Aver l Ba y y Har ey rnes,

M rs. Bren o n D Ba cock t . b ‘ M ‘ Luc tt B . Mrs. y ( yga ) ackus Levi F Bauder ‘ Cli on B ch ft R. ea

Ri le hi o Geor e H . Beck i h p y. O g w t , ‘ Dudley Baldwin

‘ Deceased

1 0 M m snsmp

‘ o ‘ Nort n S . Townsend George “filley ill E. M . W iams ‘ . B. l D i lliamson H Tutt e M rs. J . . W ‘ ‘ M rs. M r ur u le m l E illiamson a M cArth T Sa ue . y tt , W ‘ i l Edwin N . W ns ow ‘ ashin on 8 . T ler Henr A. ise W gt y y W , ‘ an all . a e Canton hi o R d P W d , O ‘ Miss Ann Walworth ‘ Miss Sarah Walworth arner W . R . W ‘ Horace . e ell berlin hi o P W dd O , O ‘ Charles Whittlesey

Amm an

Gardner Abbott Ernest Boley

has. E. A ams hester . Bol on Jr . C d C C t ,

ra n Al t re S . Bor on F nkly L. cot F d t D B . r T . Bor on W . . Alex ande E. t

A. . All Bo ler F en W . S . w Harrie w8 A va Bra e t W. Andre l dl y

A. A. L. Br le Augustus C . ad y l . B m e E. Bail M . ra R. ey F y

har . Bree C les Baird W R . d

l r . E. Bri s Char es W . Bake C gg

D has. T . Brooks A . B in . aldw C H B ks G . in T roo H . Baldw

0. B r C . a tlett ll E . Buckwe James C . Beardslee . G r Bulkle Geo Bea n Ro er . ge H . umo t b t J y m . Becker T. . Burnha W H . W i e Warren Bicknell Frank C . Ca n Frank Billings

i liam Bin ham 2ud G . D . ameron W l g , C m eo T. Bi o Gra ase en G . sh p y C t T hm M . B . . as an F . ix ler W C

M r Black . M . as o o ris A. F C t D D h m S . Bl . . . owom J C a p ham ne Ben P. Bole W . P . C p y l l

S . Ea on C . t E war s H . R . d d

T . Chisholm " r ? 5

5 d ” 1 " i { D ! b

S . enn P . F

E. ll n Geo . Fo a sbee

. or ce S W . F dy lb H t r Cou y W. . Fos e l l Char es H . Ga e

Geo . H . Ganson

. Cox Jr. D ,

Harry Gillett ra Ginn F nk H . Christian Girl w Gl ct Cro ell F . K. idden

H . Go F . fl Thomas Goodwillie Harvey D . Goulder r G . W . G andin

. Gran R . F t

E. R . Grasselli

S . Gr li T. assel

E. B . Greene

Gr Frank M . egg G David C . riese

E. S . Grifi ths

Gun r John M . d y

. D E. k n r s E rake H. Hac e be g

E V Ha e . . l 1 4 a ns‘p

Gustav Von Den Steinen

hn hittle alton Jo W sey W Elmer B . Wight arn r A. R . W e

. D illiamson J . W

G . atkins n H . il C . W Myro W son il Sidney S. W son

elch r . n Geo. P . W Geo ge C Wi g man i hin . T. ell H . t n S W P. W gto l n ol John Whee do L. J . W f

L hittemore B . er e E. . W J . Z b H h B ick ug . W

’ 1 8 Dml croa s REPORT

The war itself has entailed upon us increased re sponsibilities in preserving the ephemeral literature that

r r lost . This wo k we have unde taken to do as well as our means will permit and some of the resul ts are noted under the head of the library proper . MEMB ERSHIP The membership of the Society has shown a steady for r or r to increase the last th ee four years , due la gely f f our the personal e forts o President . Al though i t is not e et en by any means as largeas is d sirable , y it is couraging to feel that it is going ahead from year to

r i 47 ro n The membe sh p this year stands at pat s , 84 302 life members and annual members , making a tot al

r as 22 s r . of 488 members , an inc e e of over la t yea Yet each year we are compelled to note with sad dened hearts that death has invaded the ranks of our membership and h as claimed here and there one who had been a loyal supporter of the work and upon whom we can depend no further . We are pleased t o note that some of the younger generation are taking up the burdens that their fat hers rr e were wont to ca y , and I trust that as time go s on these younger men will realize that the wor k or of r fathers were interested m , is one w thy thei acti ve ro support and gene us assistance ,

NECROLOGY

Among the patrons of the society we are co mpelled of r r t o record the death Colonel Olive Haza d Payne , ur i 2 th 1 9 1 7 . of o who died June the 7 , Five l fe mem

o : . . bers have been called h me W S Tyler , May 27 .

fi eld 6 1 9 1 7 . . . n . Sco 1 9 1 7 , W . C , July , , Hon Geo F Robi 20 1 9 1 7 r i e son of Raven s , July , Harley Ba nes , Pa n s r 1 9 1 9 1 7 e r r r ville , Octobe , , and L ona d Schlathe , Ap il

1 9 , 1 9 1 8 .

’ 1 8 Di RECTO R S REPORT worthy scion of one of its oldest and most distinguished

families .

Dr . r E astus Cushing , the grandfather of Mr . was o Cushing , came to Cleveland when it nly a small

village , and opened an office for the practice of medicine . o He was succeeded by his s n Dr . Henry Kirke Cush o r who r ing , an the eminent physician , ma ried Bets ey w Maria Williams of Ne York state . Nine children

r . i E. who was the e were bo n to them Will am , Old st of r r 28 the boys , was bo n in Cleveland Septembe rd , w o 1 853 . His early education as btained in the public

schools of his native city , supplemented by a college education at the old Western Re serve Coll at

. was 1 87 5 wi Hudson , Ohio He graduated in the A i o degree of B . . , and honored with elect n to the o Phi Beta Kappa Society . After c mpleting a course

r Law r . i n 1 87 8 at Harva d School , Camb idge , Mass , he returned to Cleveland and formed a law partnership

with the late Judge Samuel E . Williamson . Preferring the office work of his profession to that of the Court Room be devoted himself especially to of r or o law of the study co p ati n , and became one the

best read lawyers of his state .

or He never sought n held public office , but his work as a member of the Committee of the American on r l Bar Association Unifo m State Laws , wil be of

lasting benefit to the people . w r u Mr . Cushing as always gene o sly helpful to r Bar r the younge members of the , and eady with n n of counsel and assistance , eve at the expe se great

personal inconvenience .

r M r . i to As a lawye , Cush ng lived up the highest

ethical standards of his profession . No lure of profit or of place could tempt him to compromise with them and r r of ro for a moment , he leaves the eco d a p fessional life as high and spotless as it was devoted and learned

and successful .

’ 20 Di nncron s Rm abruptly inte rrupted by the call of President Lincoln for - fi ve seventy thousand men, and although only of seventeen years age, call and enlist ed as a rivate in Com a F p p ny , 1 6t h Ohio Volunteer Infantry on May He was dis c 22nd 1 86 1 on r harged August , , expi ation of his term - of service ; re enlisted December 22nd , 1 86 1 , as First 8oth Sergeant, Company E , Ohio Volunteer Infantry , was romoted to Second r 2 p Lieutenant , Ma ch l st , 1 86 2 to 1 5 1 ; First Lieutenant , January th , 86 8 ; to a 28th 1 868 r as Capt in , July , ; and was discha ged a h 1 r r r 8 1 865 . pa oled war p isone Marc th , He was with the 8ot h Ohio Regiment at Siege of Corinth ; was r r r i n unde G ant in the No thern Mississippi Campa g , of i including the battles Iuka, in the Campa gn aro und i r its i V cksbu g, s ege and the surrender of the same . It was in the latter cam m gn he was wounded i n the

- ufi e . neck , and carried the b t to his d ath bed He was r wounded at Co inth , Miss " and again at Mission

r in Libby Prison , remaining there one yea ; was then o to r rem ved Belle Isle and later to Macon , Geo gia , where he was kept until exchanged at Annapolis as r war r o o a pa oled prisone , a few weeks bef re the cl se of the war . Judge Robinson immediately returned to his native town and took up the study of law in the office of e Luther Day , then one of the Judg s of the Supreme

i bar . Court of Oh o, and was admitted to the He took of an active part in the politics Portage County , serving as County Prosecutor for a period ; also for several years was mayor of Ravenna . But other matters besides law and politics claimed his attention . He was an active member in both the Military Order

. . r of the Loyal Legion , and in the G . A R He se ved as President of the Second National Bank for several No of . 1 2 . years , and was a member Unity Lodge , F

A . M .

' 22 DIRECTOR S REPORT

was nt Le r manhood in eds , where he wo ked at the machinists ’ r - first r On nea ing his twenty bi thday , he determined to go to America . Here he found employment for i r one year at Chagr n Rive , then followed t wo years ’

o . . r work as an empl yee in A W Duty s b ick yard . These were followed by t wo years employmen t in the ’ Sheriff s office as turnkey . r Soon afte , he became associated with Messrs . L Stanley , Wick and Camp in the ard , Oil and Saleratus fi rm on Works . This carried the business until 1 857 . fi el r r when Mr . Sco d bought out his pa tne s and success fully conducted the business alone o i In 1 86 1 he ass ciated himself w th Messrs . Halle Fawcett and added the refining of oil to hi s o ther r n business . G adually his business co nections in 1 86 5 i oil creased . In he became nterested , in refining, fi rm of r with the C itchley , Fawcett Co also as a r of Scofi eld New partne in the firm Hewitt , York, w i in the Oil Commission business , and as V ce President of the Cleveland Chemical Works . Still later in 1 863 r Scofi eld the firm of Alexande , Company was 1 2 formed to refine oil . In 87 he organized the Lake o w Erie Iron C mpany , of which Company he as Presi

- dent for forty fi ve years . When the Union Nat ional w ’ Bank of Cleveland was formed e find M r . Scofi eld s name as one of its organizers and also one of its direct ors for many years . Thu s briefly we have tried to sketch the business ’ of career one of Cleveland s best citizens , one of that - ad who r i a d type of self m e men , by thei d ligence n stirling qualities have helped to place Cleveland in o the high place it s justly holds in this nation . l ’ w Mr . Scofi e d s home life as a most happ one. r l st 1 846 rr On Decembe , , he ma ied Miss Anne ker, 1 3th 1 893 whose decease occurred August , . Some

M rs. r M r . fi eld rr yea s later Sco ma ied Ida Cobb . ’

M r . fi l d s o e . Sco e wid w , thre sons , Charles W

S fi eld r . Scofi eld r . co , F ank R , and Geo ge F Scofield.

’ DIRECTOR S REPORT 27 nearly three days were spent in going through their of duplicates , and a case material has just been received r not from the e which we have yet checked up . A visit was also made to the Lo uisiana State

Historical Society and the Louisiana State Museum . A file of the Louisiana State Historical Societ y publica tions which we were lacking have been received on exchange .

r . Cusa The p ivate collections of Mr Gaspar chs, i of or Pres dent the Louisiana Hist ical Society , and also the remarkable collection on Louisiana belonging to o e M r . Thomps n , Presid nt of the Lo uisiana State

r . M r . o Museum , we e both seen Th mpson , it is said , has as fine a collection on Lo uisiana as there is in existence , and many profitable hours could be well r spent in the quietness of his p ivate libr ary . New r to From O leans we went Mobile , and then r we o n to Montgomery , whe e felt quite at home , owing to the closeness of Camp Sheridan and the o o a who c nstant meeting of Ohi acquaint nces were , connected with the camp at that time . From an his of r torical standpoint , cou se , everything centers around r the State Capitol , in which the Confede ate Govern ment was first organized and Jefferson Davis proclaimed

President .

or o . Here, Hon able Th mas N Owen , State Archivist , r i l r our is developing a collection ve y s mi a to own , r r ro o f cou se , bein cente ed a und Alabama history as a nucleus ; anti by untiring efforts he has brought r r r r togethe du ing the last fifteen yea s , a ve y fine o general collecti n . He took great pains in showing me the different methods he has employed i n handling ul w the various collections , and a delightf day as spent in comparing notes . A large collection of material was also obtained from this place . r o Stops we e als made at Atlanta and Savannah . he r on At t latte place , by special invitati , a visit was r r r r made to the De Renne Lib a y at Wo msloe , Geo gia , which is probably the most outstanding collection on

' 80 DIRECT OR S REPORT

Another volume with some of o veys Ohi lands , dating and 1 8 1 1 . The most val uable maps in collect ion are companion maps forming the extending west of the

line of Piqua District and line . Size 46 x 27 inches . inches) covers the eastern bound 0 etc . , by th of o rr han d J hn Ke , and dated never been published so far as we have

find . On them are carefully located the

r . villages , fo ts , etc o r o An the map , which als is the original map

No . 1 6 t r i n , eas of fi st meridian Ohio

River and Bay , Portage River, inches . This also is in the hand dated An entire monograph description of the various i of wh ch are in manuscript . All told there neighborhood of 200 maps and surveys . Among the other items in the collection The record book of the Franklinton

8 e c Surv , t . from April T M r . . . i hi M“artin n s states that The Columbus Company was the first joi o r o c nst ucted , any part f ’ DTRECTO R S REPORT 3 1

. r or . 3 1 County This Company was inco p ated , Jan , 1 826 r r i , while the F anklinton Tu np ke Company ante

dates it nearly nine years . The original manuscript book of the Proprietors of Columbus containing the Bl inutes of the Proceedings of the Proprietors from their first meeting at Frank r 1 8 1 2 1 6 1 8 1 5 al o s of linton , Ap il , to June , , so acc unt r u 1 8 1 8 1 2 t o sales of land in Columbus f om J ne ,

t . 2 1 8 1 9 . Sep , 1 The original manuscript book inscribed Account ” of of o 1 8th Sales L ts in Columbus , commencing the of 1 8 1 2 ur r June , , gives the names of the p chase s ,

r r r s . esidence , numbe of lot , dat“e of sale , p ices old at , etc A manuscript inscribed Owners of Lots in Co lum

b u 1 2 . s, dated 8 2 The original manuscript Report of the Election

of f o o . 2 O ficers of Sci to Lodge N , of Chilli

c . 5 1 8 1 0 1 2 r othe, dated Dec , , and about othe manu o script rec rds of this early Ohi o lodge . The record book conta ining the Minutes of the o o r r l Proceedings of the P l mie Lite a y Society , Chil i

1 803 . cothe , list of members , etc Jan . The original record book giving rules and regulations of the o r r Chillic the Lib a y , With catalogue of the books r n 1 804 o 1 8 1 r r was one of the ei , t 3 . This lib a y the t t o e o firs be stablished in Ohi , and far antedates any

record at Chillicothe of its early li braries . ’ The original manuscript charter of the Farmer s of o u one r e i o Bank C lumb s , of the ea li st banks in Oh .

M r . w Kerr as the first President of this bank . Original manuscript of an Authentic Arithmetic in f o o rr . 28 1 8 . the hand J hn Ke , dated Jan , 7 8 An unpublished manuscr ipt journal in the hand of rr of o r ro r to Kenahawa John Ke a t u f m Pittsbu gh ,

. r r 1 8 Va and etu n in 00. This gives description of o s r t wns , village , settlements , and othe interesting t m o i e s noted n this trip . A large manuscript book containing the Minutes of the i r r Constit u the Proceedings of Columbus L b a y , ’ 82 Dmacma s Rs roar tion Rules o N , and Regulati ns, ames of M embers, Number of Sharee iasued to each subacrib en Names of Ofli r Ca of oo to ee a tal b lcs, et c. , Apri l s 1 81 6

. 9 1 81 9 . m h w li d Feb , rwwd s o s that a br ary ex iste in Columbus several years earlier than any mentioned r of o or t he e by the histo ians C lumbus, by Stat

Among the manuscripts and broadsides added to the library this year may be mentioned the following

S l e a . t l T Hatch . Typewritt en manuscript (1 the ioneer omen of e elan West Side 1 807 P W Cl v d . .

Dr. G . . Ashm Fi l B v of e C un . e d ook of Sur eys Tallmadg

Mr . manent

m r h l . in A r of Tho as and C a es P K sman. large numbe manuscri s rela in to the es ern v e rom the pt t g W t , f h papers of Hon. Calv1 n Pease. These were received throug W m . the co e . G ie s . urtesy o . D t

b mission. I ndex to Pioneer Famihes of CleveM y

Mra Gertrude Van R. Wickham.

- 1 91 5 1 9 1 7 . —“ ine . Broa si e To the o d M rs. Virgil . l e le ” P K d d P p

er aini to the ar of 1 81 2. New England . P t ng W

ren iss. our ear Ohio Broa si es. A M r . F . F . P t F ly d d

- mi of Ohio 1 7 96 1 864 . fa ly .

- - Lo e No . 1 1 9 ni h s of Honor El is Ohio 1 87 6 84 . dg . , K g t , m , . m alm r Au ra he manuscri Mr W . . e . o t of . P P t g p d ra r D The Battle of Fair Oaks by Gene l E asmus . 1 889 Ori inal auo ra he manuscri Re or of the . g t g p d pt p t Ba e of M onocac b 01 ' Genera Lew a ace ttl y , y l W ll .

L the S. S eamer Br ok n and Ba im re 1 864 . o of 8 o lt o , g t ly

’ Dmnc'rO R s R EPORT 87

M r B il L. al ers ile of the Ambulance Service . as W t . F

Al . r of li M r . vah Bradley Repo t the Pub city and W A ver isin ommi ee Y. M . . A. ar ork am ai n d t g C tt , C — W C p g , - - v 9 Nov. 1 1 1 9 N . 1 1 7 1 1 War ork eek 1 o 1 7 . 7 1 7 , W W , or olio con ainin ho o ra hs li era ure os ers et c p tf t g p t g p , t t , p t . .

the Y. M . C A . Cam n . Of . M g l r an m. i e of T Cam M r . A am S roh ench d am d t F p, C p

l ile f th P ass i w Mr . Geo . . . o e n Gosse Revie Ft . W F ,

or h Tex as. W t ,

BOO K S

The general additions to the library for the year amount to miscellaneous books and pamphlets . A large proportion of these have come in through special funds as enumerated below .

F D J . D . Cox UN

This fund was used this year in the purchase of i the Wash ngton medals , an account of which is given under the head of Medallic Collections in the Museum .

RALPH KI NG FUND The Costume Collection which has been lar gely

during the last three years , by means of this fund , has been further added t o this year . It r has been used even more this year than last . Seve al Of the schools that h ad made little use of the collection before have become very much interested , and the room set aside for these books has been used daily by workers who are constantly praising the facilities so nicely provided by M r . King . The 7 1 4 volumes m the King Collection have been carefully catalogued during the last three months . In addition to the general author and subject cards

filed in the regular catalogue , a special catalogue has r been made which is to be kept in the Costume oom , For convenient for the users Of the collection . this ’ Di ane-1 0 1 1 s Rat-oa r

Missisn J oumal oj ths fl m d fleprm d si on iss. allsd m al l l w M C , m . A1 -pu. l m

Mendi amMiss. 1 864.

o Slauo a! s Laws lhs . Pan d Missis ippi . f f r ssssion hsld at l acb on, Noven bc anJ Dsca -wber,

J anuar 1 862 . ackson 1 862 . y, J , s Lam o tc td e o P am d d l r Missi sipp‘ f ] . hs qd a t ths o J a Od oba N r m sion t rz city f cM , m bs and

December 1 865 . ackson 1 866 . , J , P a Mississippi ll tats of . ssd d od lsd - n M r h and A ri 1 86 . ssssion hsld i acon, a c p L 4 M cl 1 & an,

Miss. 1 864 .

Passsd Laws of ths Slats of . at calld 6 i . M er dia . 1 8 ms . 1 , 4 m 861

or a Ths Ad s and Rssoli dions ado tad at r Fl id . p fi s fi d r Bs n m sion of tbs I Ztt nc al Asscmbly. yu and hcld al

Acts and Resolutions adoplsd by tbs General its I Mk ssssion bsgun and hsld at tns Capital in

'

A th ral Assm bl . P Virgini a . d s of c ns y q a n d a ioh o d J ths sztr s ls R m n uns 1 1 . a ses ion assm b d at , 9 , 865

Richmon 1 865 . d, publisksd in pursuanos of a rcsoltdi on ofl hs Gsm al Am bly rat e ebruar Ra ei h 1 863 . ifi d F y l g ,

ll 865 Nashvi e. 1 . Loui si ana Ad s passsd by thc mh qua d ats at il s ssssion hsld and bsgun i n Baton J anuary

rench and n ish Ba on oue 1 86 1 . (F E gl ) t R g , n Ad s sssd b ths fith dm n o ‘h’ Louisi a a . pa y bm f m 1 kcld and bsgun in Batvn Rougs, Novm bsr 85 , 861 . (b ench and En lish Ba on oue 1 86 1 . g ) t R g ,

Louisiana . Acts t ex tra S ate of , at the

November 28 , 1 865 .

1 866 .

' s b mt Louisiana. Ad s pa ssd y ths Stats q ouisi ana at port an tbs fi th day

1 86 4.

’ 42 Dmec'roa s Bm ar

’

. m s H c The Guide S . oldit h Ro ert E i rant to the U. . b g

niel . o r al o Vo s tra Harmon , Da W J un f yage and eels r r r in the inte i or of No th Ame ica. 1 820.

hi i u er. M a o hio and Descri ti n s o . P ll p , C tl p f O p

Bea has. The J ournal o a two months tour : with tty , C f ;

A lso a number of other early Ohio imprints .

H H . A . S ERW I N FUND

The fund established by M r . H . A . Sherwin while on he lived , for the purchase of books the Mormons,

has been completely invested . We are hoping that some day this fund may be ree stablished so that this valuable collection may again be carried on to a

lar ger extent . There has been purchased during the year 47 o r of The items , the m st impo tant one being a copy o a 1 83 Evening and M rning St r , June

1 834 . , published at Kirtland These papers are almost impossible to obtain and the Society is t o be congratulated in having as good

files as they have of these early periodicals .

Among the items purchased , we mention the follow

- S b r M onnorwn Ansi edl un en. S u tans u H. Die g, o t tt ar 1 854 g t, . r n Fa s relati ve to the ex ulsio the G ee e, J . P . ct p a M s ormon . incinna i 1 83 9 . C t , r x A ium of the M o mon Fanaticism E posed. Compend ’

or ose h Smi h s Gol en Bi le . Bos on J p t d b t .

1 842 .

Document o Corres on ence r ers etc. relati n to f p d , O d , g

M ormons. a e e M o 1 84 1 . F y tt , ” The Report oj the Publie Discussion at StocIeport betwm

J ohn Bowes and M r . J ose h Barker . London 1 865 . p ,

Smi Book o M orm n 3d ed . Nauvoo h ose h . The o t , J p f , .

Ill. 1 840. ’ Draecr oa s Rsroar 43

New . V Warn n e . rev . ra . A oice o i 2d d P tt, P P f g,

York. 1 889 .

M ormon l elsh ed . Smi h ose h . The Book o st t , J p f , W

1 852 .

Smi h he Book o M rmon l st rench ed . ose h . T o t , J p f , F

aris 1 852 . P ,

S k o M ormon l st alian ed . mi h ose h . The Boo t , J p f . It

Lon ra 1 852 . d ,

L on ohn The Har o ion . Liver ool 1 858 . y , J . p f Z p , ’

Bill Br ha s o i n An el . Ex lan kman . Destr Hic , ig m y g g p

New York 1 87 2 . s or No es b H . Bea le Es . t y t y J . d , q ,

GENEALOGICAL RES EARCH

This division of our work is constantly growing . r r who r There have been more sea che s , have been wo k ing on their family histories this past year than ever T before . o keep up with the demands 1 1 1 this direction i s our always impossible , yet collections have been increasing rapidly . This year we have added 46 6 genealogies to the r 3 1 r lib ary , th ough individual gifts and exchanges , and the remainder were purchased by means of

Tm: J . H . WADE FUND

r r Th ough this purchase , many of the arer and i cho cer genealogies have been obtained . A large percent of these were issued in small editions of fif ty or r in r r one hund ed copies , rarely any la ge editions of 250 r than copies , and it is this that causes the sca city and high prices of so many of the family histories . Still others have been privately printed and seldom get into the book shops where they may be purchased . With another one or two purchases of the magnitude our of . this one , so generously financed by Mr Wade, collection will rank well up with those of the older and more extensive collect ions in the East . It might l r i stimu ate both inte est in , and gifts to th s division of our work if we were to publish a brief check list of the various family histories now in our collection . ’ 44 Dmnc'roa s Rm ar

’

M r . Wade s gift has certainly been appreciated , judging from the remarks of those who are alr eady reaping the benefit of this magnificent addition . Following is a list of the genealogies added this year outside of the J . H . Wade gift . ' Lo uis Richmon hene ' M rs. d C y and M iss Eliza h umbull S ickn A Genealo ica Chart o t ey . g l f some of the Descendants

of J ohn Trurnbull .

M r. Pcrc Adams En an . A Histor the Adams y , gl d y qf amil o North Sta ordshi re L n n 1 9 1 4 . o o . This is one f y f J d , of the most beautiful rin du g the year .

Baker 1 61 0- 1 678 and his Descen ants ( ) d .

- . A . Ba l . 1 91 7 91 r B k M rs P . l 1 8 Yea oo of the Samuel

Ashle ha ter D. A . R. y C p . o n W rral Banning. Roster qf the Societg of

i n the State o al orni a . 1 9 Al f C if 1 6 . so a file of the Liberty Bell .

H . M r . P . m on Va 1 91 2 . d, .

mon Va. 1 91 7 . The North d.

Caroline Richmon 1 91 6 . , d ,

Ne on . B es. The B Bulleti n. Rev. wt W at ates

E. M . ha wick. The ks M r . C d Chadwic of Guelph and d Ad enda . - hica o Cha ter D.A .R. Year ook for 1 91 7 1 8. C g p , b

. n n o r Clarence W Eastma . A account f so ne

- mili M rs enno Gen r t . The An r and lli a es . F d o cest y A ed F 7 of Nathan Blake 3 d and Susan (Torrey) Blake.

Abbe His Ancestors and Des endan s o the Abbe ami . y. c t f y F ly ’ r o sland M r . E. B . Greene . The G eene s t ode I , with

- Historical Recor s o En lish Ancestr 1 584 1 909 . B d f g y, y

r e . 1 903 Louise Brownell Cla k . Hist r ahoon amil and aptain Hollen eck . o y of the C y C“g b F

Lori . The Lorin ealo b Charles M iss K. P . ng g Gen gy y

M ass. 1 9 1 7 .

' 34 DIRECTOR S RE PORT

General Wilder . This collection consists of nearly r r r thirty manusc ipt maps , used by Gene al Wilde in his campai gns . — M r . H . a h r . 1 2 ma ca s mi . W . C t t p scellaneous D l M l ’ M r . ani Ba s. L e . t e oyd 8 Ofi cial M ap of the State ’

of Vir inia 1 858 and 1 859 . Llo s M ili ar M a g , yd t y p ' Gaze teer of the Souhern S a r t t t tes. Gene al Grant s i M Campa gn War ap. mis of M r . ohn T. Loo M a th r l J . p e Fede a Territo ry from the Western Boundary of Pennsylvania to Scioto River . wler M al . ra Bo M a f th Mrs Co one . p o e Western ve u th r l Reser incl in e Fi e ands Se em er 1 826 . , d g , pt b , Ni A l - M rs. E. B. calaus . as of the or 1 0 1 7 1 72 1 . t W ld , NEW S PAPERS No special effort has been made during the year r our colle t o inc ease to any extent newspaper ch ons, yet the Society has received a number of very impor r l r tant pape s , argely th ough gifts . Special mention should be made of about 1 000 issues of Confederate newspapers that have been

t o . r added the William P Palme Collection , and $ 0 of the file of the Lo rain Constitutionalist and Elyria

r . No . 1 . 3 1 86 6 to Constitution , f om Vol I , , Oct , da te . r which was p esented to the library by Miss Eva L . r wa Reefy , whose fathe s the editor and owner of 1 87 the paper from 2 . This makes our files of the Elyria o r r ticall papers unique , c ve ing as they do p ac y all

the early papers that have been issued there . o The attached list gives the additi ns to this division .

l s ula M iss essie Al en. The A htab Senti nd 4 vo s J , l , - 0 The Eveni n P o w Jan . 1 854 1 86 . g d , Ne York. 1 85 9 . 6 0. ' u a Weekl Ex ress 3 vols 1 - 1 858 The B lo 856 . The fl y p , , - Nati onal Era ashin o n D . C . 1 855 1 857 . The levelan , W gt . , C d N r M orni n Lea er 1 859 60. The ew Yo k Weekl Tri bune g d , , y .

1 856 .

Ne s om an The Amher W The Amherst w C p y . st eekly s 4 New from the beginning 1 1 1 1 9 1 .

l A u . The onnect ut Volle r M rs. M a e sk e ic A ve ti ser b C y d . i r of Ea t Ha am contain ng Histo y s dd . ’ Dmncr oa s REPORT

M rs. sa el orrell Ball 30 olumes of The N I b W . v ational u - Trib ne, 1 885 1 9 1 7 . n M l l The Cleveland Plai Dealer. onth y bound vo umes

for 1 9 1 7 .

T v P ress uar er he le elan . oun volumes for 1 9 1 C d Q t ly b d 7 .

M r . . . ren iss. ollec ion of earl Ne ark Ohio F F P t C t y w , ,

ne s a ers consis in of a ou 600 issues. w p p . t g b t

M . Es a e of on . A coll t t E. Raym d large ect ion of Warren and har on News a ers C d p p . i Eva L M ss . a Reefy , Elyri . A file of the Lorai n Con

from 1 866 down to its close.

T . M r. Lyman readway Framed copy of the Boston Gazette 6: ountr J our al M a M arch 1 2 1 0 n on th 7 7 . C y , d y , , ’ us r Ball o Picto ial Bos on 1 856 and 1 857 . . t , ’ The Senti nel ! Star i n the West i i i 829 1 nc nna 1 and 30. , C t , ho os a co i of The B N ws r - es oston e Lette 1 7 1 4 1 7 25 . P t t t p ,

m. . M r . W m r M s a e . The ar land New Sheet P P l y , - Bal imore M d 1 86 1 6 2 . Also a lar e ll io of n t , g co ect n Co

1 866 . i nci nnati Wee Gazette Se . 21 1 88 1 . Le J our C , pt , nal 1 9 1 6 2 The el ra Nov , ( eg ph, .

d: A vertiser Dec . 5 1 860 hristian Advocae and J ournal d , , . C , Aug. 1 2 , 1 836 .

The La rence lishin The hi o armer w Pub g Company . O F

for 1 9 1 7 oun . , b d WAR LITERATUR E in r As has been stated the beginning of the eport , ex tensive efforts have been made during the year t o c over material concerning the present war . This has b een so bulky and so large that it is almost impossible o t enumerate anything like a satisfactory list of it . I r o to few s will howeve , call attenti n a items to how t h e general character of material that is being obtained .

New rk American Li ho ra h o m an Yo . 7 os ers t g p C p y, p t r ini w pe ta ng to the ar .

Ameri can Na ional Red ross ashin ton D . . t C , W g , C Collection oi Posters.

La ham Li ho ra h and rin in Co Brookl n N . Y. t t g p P t g y , ’ Dmncron s Rnroar — och . Ten volum The r s the M rs. C . R . K es Repo t of Proceedings of the Society of the Army of the Tennessee at the — M r. elv . L is. mi ll n M in F ew Forty volumes sce a eous. “ ”

M r . . 8 . . B r r . Long J ames a bou. By S. Long. W W— M . v l Am B . cN ir h o mes M M rs. os a y Eig t u agazine r H s o i t r our m hle . f Weste n o y. F pa p ts - r ora Bow er Malo ne. T en seven M s. C l w ty miscellan

Artillery also sketch of . By M r . M iller.

M r. Ot to hdiller. Ancient Town Records. Vol . 1 , New

- Haven Town Recor s 1 6 9 1 669 . The Institutionand d , 4

ohn Col. J

W r a .

r Wm m . ol . 4 of The HaIelut i . . al er V Soc d M . P P y y ’ o V 2 urlburt . ublicati ns. ols . 1 and H s Ohi o om an P , C p y ’ Vol 3 r e s J urnal o M s r . 2 an 4 S a u o i to s , , d p g f ai ne H y and - con inua ion. Vols. 41 46 The Geo ra i al t t , g h c J w ' “ p " ara En ico Bronson Alcott : Cl d tt Sears Fruitlands. of other pamphlets and books outside of the Civil War

r - Cleveland Indust ies 1 880 1 91 0.

. r E Mr . E. R . Pa kins, Jr M emo ial of dwin Ruthm

. M es es o the resi ents. V Lo i Ra ene sa o s. M r . us v l g f P d l - 1 1 1 .

va L. f i een o umes of Ohio s Mi ss E Bee y . F ft v l Law ;

’ ' s M rsH E P . Roberts. One set of Orth History q v l n . 3 Clevela d o s.

M rs. . . Sa er . Re rem utative Citiuns O Ohio J P wy p I . B y G H F Wright . M S e ur ear rs. ohanna chr d r. o x J o e F ly te t books.

’ 50 Dranc roa s Rnroa'r

classes from the v and its r subu bs , that visited the museum , against 50 classes ear last , and 27 the year before . e attendance in the museum is about the same r n as du i g the previous year, although it has not been wagible to keep a correct account of the visitors have no turnstile and the count must be made by an attendant who oftentimes has t o be away from her

desk , in different parts of the building, and can only h count those whom she sees pass by er door .

PICTUR ES AND Pon'rmu'rs N0 more interesting collection has been developed in connection with the M useum than that oi the o pictures and portraits . We have made an eff ort t

obtai n as many of these as we could . A sh ort time ago we made an appeal for the por traits as r of i of noted Clevelanders , and a esult th s appeal , perhaps the most outstanding picture

to the Society is the oil painting of M r . Daniel P.

son . . Eells , presented by his , Howard P Eells This

le of M r . we generous exa ) Eells , hope and r i m r of by others , that f om t me to ti e , po traits our leading men may find a place 1 1 1 our collections The following list will show that a number of

interesting pictures have come to the Society . — . almer oll ion a ou one h n re To the Wm. P P C ect b t u d d v photographs and Ci il War pict ures.

m r rai of M r . ch . L r e ra e o Mi ss Stella T. Hat a g f d p t t i Lar e rame or ra of M rs . Daniel Pomeroy Rhodes. g f d p t t

rame ic ure of Ge pictures. F d p t S tes ci l Group of United ta Ofi a s. - hr . A ll t t h M r . E. H . Baker co ect ion of seven y ee p oto

M r W N A Chapman A collection oi miscellaneous ’ Dm o' roa s Baron 5 1

w r P ll . Oil P i in oe Ho a d . e s a nt . Daniel P . M r . E g

iss. a r r i . . ren ter co o o ra of T um h M r . ec se F F P t W l p t t ,

t e Sha nee chieftan ainte b Ho lan . h w , p d y l d un d Te Ah o te Rangi t repu, Chief of i N S o mut ri e of a ka o ew ea an . h wm the a , t b W t . Z l d g

ra . Dra f l h h M rs. C . J . C ft win o P ymout C urch on e w glin B Prospect Stre t just est ot th St reet . y C . H .

M r An re S uire . rame vie s of New York 1 77 6 . d w q F d w , ,

1 826 , 1 9 1 6 .

Savin s Loan Associa ion 1 87 1 —The irst Boar g t , F d

. T l . Em i b M r . W . C a mage broidered p cture made y Sewing M achine Company of Cleveland ’ for the orl s lum ian Ex osi ion in 1 893 W d Co b p t . '

W almer . (hl Paintin oe wi l k the M r m. . s C ar . P P g , “ ’ n m Harris of U cle To s Cabin . Painted

[IL

M rs. C H. illiam on. One earl vie of le elan . W s y w C v d about 1 850.

H . B . . r of M . A. H Mrs. Barnes F amed pict ure anna .

M r all . ram r rai s of aco L in s. C . K . H e F ed po t t J b ecte

M r . M E mo n n. rame ic ure aken at George . d dso F d p t t Jul 25 1 894 , , M r sho in e r and M r . Hanna . and w g S nato s ,

’ M iss el Also and Mrs. M cKinle s nieces and h s. y , P p l l n E early C eve anders take by .

M r . B D l Fr h rawn or rai s of . et t ebach . amed and d p t t

M r . Henr R. Grofi ohn D . Rocke eller resi en y , J f , P d t - . . Thwm has. . Ellio t Ex resi en of Harvar C F g, C W t , P d t d University .

Other items added t o the museum embrace the

lro M . A r Two In ian or rai s. E y ve y . d P t t

the Maine . ’ 52 Dmncroa s Repos't

M r r . Geo ge C . n . A water vase or jug of the

M r . N . C Smi h . Han ma e in r . t d d st ument i l used n the ear y six ties on the L. S .

’ Miss essi e Allen. A hun er s lea her sho ouch J t t t p , 1 r 00 yea s old .

Mr . . al on. An old el chest use Co l . . J W W t fi d d by

M r rank Got tschalt . One ool ree . . F w l

Mrs. ra . Swin in kni e for ressin flax C . J . C ft gl g f d g D i mi in made by av d Hu ston 1 850.

al S . M r . W lace N . teams The Sword of o mm n Wallace M unn . C unio

E isco al Church Ma ison hio urchase in 1 868 . p p , d , O , p d — One tea set four pi eces of early pewtcr ware and two pewter Also threc ue le l l lan ear an i ass o s and two o cande er ns. ly t q gl b tt , t

M r . E. Norris. One s innin wheel . G . p g

M r ren i Bal i o ec ion of ten ieces of . P t ss dw n. C ll t p

As io o er etc. t p tt y,

S te Con ress Fla . M r W J V N Yatee UH Friga g g

1 8 x 9 feet con ainin 26 s ars. , t g t

' me ll w hi in and Wm M a s . E s or h . One r . J W t W t g ’ ches er ei h da ran fa her s clock rom Rulan t g t y g d t , f t d. Vermont .

m o i Mr . . . ren iss . Two boo eran s e knif e one F F P t g , b w ,

hinese clock and a num er of o her relics. C , b t

A ll l m nts . o m M r . G . . rosse e co ection f i e e etc W C tt p . l largely from the Philippine and Feejee Is ands.

- uensils consis in of en fi ve ieces. t , t g tw ty p

Mr . G . Ravelson. i arro hea s . . P F fteen w d M anam a COLLECTIONS

’ o of l The Society s collecti ns medals , which ast ’ r h year s report showed had been la gely increased , as more than doubled itself this year . The most complete

M a 1 1 91 7 t o A ril 30 1 9 1 8. y , p ,

N o for the . o . e to date ’ Tnms mmn s Rm ar 6 1

TREASURER’S REPORT

' s S E Wurm B asmrv Hrsromcu. OCI TY ancmr rs AND nrss nnsm m's

m a m um ar m 80, 1 9 1 8

Rncmr r s — M a 1 1 91 7 Cash on han . a y , d Subscri

Ma 1 1 9 1 7 to A ril 80 1 9 1 8 26 y , p ,

Hodge Fund

Sunscmpr rons

6 at each 5 at each

B . e ar Geo. Sh p d

Esta of . J D Z. Nort on J . a te O . Hodge . H W de a mer Wm. P . P l

3 4 . t

Om cms

The Western Reserve Hist orical Society

OFFICERS FOR 1 91 8- 1 91 9

P resident Pm WrLLAm P .

LL CE H ArH CA ar WA A . C

JOHN D. Roca Lm t JAcos B . Peanus

Secretary Em BE T J . N ON

Treasurer m A. 8 . Carsno

Trustees

M . A r R L KrNo Em or . m A PH um G . M W . BrNom awn M cKrNNmr C . W . P

Bum D . N A . T. Z . ORTON B m Wu. . L E E . S u Jn. . , P PA M R DOUG LAS PM

A . S an non s . C

Cox . . PRENTI SB J . D . F F Dmr z L D r: Wu . S v Nc . G J . . G F EL s S AsDr JAMES R. AR I D Ammo u W m e C . A. GRABS ELLI . Ta CnAs. F

EB B C HAr Ds H . E W . J . WAD

S S. Wns r . o r

BrNoaAu . G . Dw rz C . W . W

B L D . N S . P . A DWIN . Z ORTON

. a rss F F .

H . C W . CATH ART

E Bm N H . E. B U E . J . 0 O RN ’ Theee Articles d I ncorporation of

sll w WM That we, the undersigned, of hom & e citinens

' of the State ot io . dcsiring to form a corporation not fm pmfit .

i or o ion h l l i SECOND . Sa d c p rat s al be ocated and ts principle busines tmnmcte d at tbe City of Cleveh nd in Cuyahoga Co nnty

ur o or w cor t ion is f r THIRD . The p p se f hich said pon o med is not r fi t i ver coll an p o , but is to d sco , ect d presa ve whatever reh t es to the histor io ra h enea o and anti nitiee ot io and y , b g p y , g l gy . q the West ; and of the people dwelling thercimincluding the physical history and condition of the Sta te ; to maintain a museum and li rar and to ex en kno le e uon the su ects men ione b b y, t d w dg p bj t d. y i erar me s b ulica ion and b o her ro er me n e in a s. l t y t g , y p b t y t p p

se en h da of M arch A. D 1 892 . v t y ,

. M anches er Da i . B D W . t v d C aldwin Amos To nsen w d , illiam Bin ham W g ,

A . T. Brewer

2 CONr nNDI No Forums o r r un CIV IL WAR

normal condition of all the territory is that of free ” of es of dom and denied the authority Congr s , a al or to territori legislature , of any individuals , give legal existence to slavery In any territory of the Umted ’ ’ States effectually blocked the cotton planters pro ’ gram . Lincoln s firm refusal dur ing the winter of 1 860- 1 86 1 to assent to a compromise in Congress upon the territorial Issue strengthened the conclusion which the secessionists had reached that the Union as it w developing as no longer tolerable . ’ Lincoln s inflexible attitude represented for the most part the views of the western element of the or r publican party . H ace G eeley , an eastern bli r Tri can of great influence, edito of the New York une, r r r for placed his popula jou nal on reco d peace , virtually “ ” r . he on the“Confede ate terms If the cotton States , n said , shall decide that they ca do better out of the we n Union than in it , insist o letting them go in peace .

The right to secede may be a revolutionary one, but it exists nevertheless Whenever a considerable section of our Union shall deliberately resolve to go t r ou, we shall resist all coe cive measures designed to

keep it in . We hope never to live in a republic, where " residue b ' n o“f one section is pinned to the bayo ets . If the cotton States generally unite withher (South we Carolina) in seceding , insist that they cannot be

prevented , and that the attempt must not be made . or Five millions of people , m e than half of them the r dominant ace , of whom at least a half a million are r able and willing to shoulde muskets , can never be subdued while fighting around and over their own ” - hearth stones . It is true that Greeley soon recanted -a - - r his doctrine of peace t any p ice , but not before in

cal culable encouragement had been given to disunion. Lincoln took t he position t hat the compromises proposed m Congress would in e s u l et een t he ort h and t he Sout h over t he not term at t he t r gg e b w N terri tories; e u was a e eral h i i that the only compromis of any val e f d proh t on against acquiring W Abr m an more t erritor . icola and Ha om lete ork: o ah a Lincol n an y y N y y, C p f J uar 1 1 1 86 1 Vol. . . y , , VI , p 93 r ne ov 1 The New Yo k Tribu , N . 9 , 1 6, 1 9, 30, 860.

I bid. anuar 1 and e ruar a 1 86 1 . J y 4 F b y , CoN're DINo Foncas IN r a n CIVIL WAR 3

He continued throughout the war to seek peace other wise than by the direct one of overcoming Southern

e r o . r sistance by milita y f rce A negotiated peace , one o r with ut victo y , became his highway to reunion . Greeley by no means stood alone among the Republi i cans . His was not an isolated , ind vidual view . The thought of the loss of the southern markets paraly zed the combative organs of many an eastern merchant . Those whose sense of nationalism was slightly devel oped rai sed the white flag before secession . Henry Ward Beecher declared that he did not care if the r southe n states seceded , and that it would be an ad

vantage for them to go off . What William Lloyd Garrison and other extreme Abolitionists were saying

interested relatively few. But within the innermost circles of the ’ - r s - fold , the self appointed leader , the P e ident elect s i r cho ce for the p emiership of the Cabinet , William H . l who Seward , was common y classed with those stood ready to renounce the Territorial clause of the Re pub lican platform and to compromise with the cotton r r o ‘ plante s In orde t maintain peace . What the historian has to record about the be of the Civil War Is that the rival policies of wcal Democrats r i i and Radical Republicans p ec p

tated the conflict . The decisive or aggressive forces before the fall of Fort Sumter were the cotton planters and the western farmers who had accepted Breckin

and Lincoln respectively as their leaders . The issue between them was to determine Whether planters with black slave gangs or the sons of small farmers and artisans should have the homesteads of r r the p airie west . Both saw that the two labo systems

were mutually exclusive . They had not been able to

d well in peace in Kansas . The tragic hist ory of the poor Whites of the South had established their in

44m at B st Nov. 2 1 860. New York ribune 4 : o on T ov. , 7 , , N 29 ,

st r nite m V I I I . 1 Rho es Hi o a ike U Sla , ol. 9, 1 1 . d , y l d , pp 3 4

Rho es Histor o the United Slater Vol. . 2 88 es eciall notes 2 and . d , y f , III , p , p y 3 Com ma F oacns IN ran CIV IL WAR

compatibility beyond a peradventure . And yet these forces which knew what they wanted and counte d not too dear the cost constituted a clear minority of the i o r or nat n . The g eat maj ity , with minds unmade , with e er on r r for hopes c nt ed comp omises , eady at almost any price , waited through the fatef passing month s for a harmony of leadership which came too r r late . The Radical elements allied a ound their lead ers without hesita tion as defenders of holy causes and r o stammd thei opp nents as aggressors . It is one of the tragedies of human history that so r r could desc ibe accu ately a situation . r r for new system which each ep esented called lands . w r w Wild land as the a material of the old agriculture . If the cotton planters were the more impatient and the more bitter it was beca use their institution was the more wasteful of land and their individual capital at a h r r of l st ke , if land failed t em , g eate than that the smal a n r i farmers . Humanit ria ism ente ed nto both agri ' diflered u d cultural movements , but f n amentally in Th e a r r kind . pl nte s rega ded the slaves , members of i h d a larger family c rcle , as a race in its c il t which needed the disclipine and protection of the slave sys

tem ; and there their thinking stopped . The Republi can farmers and merchants and artisans were anti r o slavery in eve y sense , but n t stimulated by any strong radical agitation such as had organized the Abolition movement of New England and other parts 1 of the North .

The fall of Fort Sumter and the call of Presi dent Lincoln for the state militia brought tumbling into the

t wo . r arena , as it were , new forces A middle g oup of r ro r slave states , No th Ca lina , Vi ginia , Tennessee , and

r e . A kansas , seceded and joined the Confed racy And w w hy ? Slavery in their limits as decadent . There w r or as no dominant , agg essive cotton planter other

' r e i n and ll A. C. o le, P erid nl L ncol the I inois Ra ical Republicans M imim C d , ’p r e No. M a 1 1 . 1 . Valle ”ma it al Revi w Vol. rch 8 y , IV, 4, 9 , p 4 7

CONr nNDmo F oacns IN ran CIV IL WAR

T here were others , such as run with the current of o r human hist ry bo n of greed , and selfishness , and or of r b itter mem ies , but they are no g eat moment now . The significan t fact is that the several elements of population which the Confederate statesmen cemented

together thought of their Cause as one of defense . I N 1 86 1 Pre sident Lincoln rallied two organized political forces I n support of his policy of forcible re 1 union . These were ( ) the Republican Party as a 2 r r whole and ( ) a po tion of the Democ atic Party ,

the War Democrats . The Re publican Party took the name Union Party in order to make agreeable the new o alliance , though the cam uflage only partially suc r ceeded in i ts pu poses . The War Democrats gener ally maintained their party organization and resisted r the temptations of fusion . They suppo ted the policy of forcible reunion ; they had no sympathy with the ’ r o of Administ ati n s ideas policies toward slavery , r r r th e rr or eithe the pledges with ega d to te itories ,

slavery in the States . They were uncharitable critics of the mea sures which the Government deemed nec essary to accomplish its purpose . But they yielded an invaluable support to the main purpose of the m - i r . Ad nist ation , which was re union There were also the Abolitionists ; the followers of r To Ga rison and Wendell Phillips . the Southerner , in volved as he was socially and financially In a race ' i . th e tangle , they were h deous monsters Did not call his ownership of slave property a crime ? An?offer the remedy of confiscation ? It is a fact that the Aboli t ionists no n of i took accou t history , and soc al systems , i r c or . and a al progress , elemental justice To be sure , with most of them the end was to be achieved by the ’ - ballot . John Brown s race war was a movement b y itself . The South , however made the fundamental mistake of identifying John Brown ’s movement with

Abolition , and both WI th that of the Republicans . Men who feared a social revolution should undoubtedly h ave a measure of consideration from History if 8 TR R PEACE DEMOCRATS

not they could draw clear distinctions . In reality , those who thought as did Lincoln were leavin g the slavery Of the States for the States to meet . They to committed themselves . when once the War began , the primary task Of preserving dem fro m the perversi on with which secession t hrea te i had no intention of making the fate Of slaver y an

the War . issue of Civil The Abolitionists , whether of the extr eme variety who co uld not find satisf ac o Of r r or or ti n in one the othe pa ties , m e moderate, r i O supported the President in the p osecut on f the War . ’ so o r n o They did , h weve , with the hope that Li c ln s ’ policy would overtake their s and lead to the destr uc ’ o r l r i ti n Of slave y . Linco n s const uctive pol cy with o s r regard t lave y , announced in his message to Con 1 86 1 l of a gress in December , , combining a po icy st te emancipation with national compensation to the owners o of the r not and colonizati n f eedmen , did satisfy the

Abolitionists . A paper which enumerated the supporters of the United States at the North during the civil war and ignored the large population in the middle gro up Of Of r r n e slave states , especially weste n Vi gi ia and ast ern n s n n r i o Te ne see , that fought In the U io a m es w uld neg

lect an important factor Of the Civil War . The mounta in whites Of the South were too much isolated r to fea the freedmen , had been too long in conflict with the State authorities to be concious Of any attach ment ’ to States Rights . Living the simple democratic life of the frontier they were instinctively out of sympathy ol ll i with the slave igarchies . It wi suffice to th nk d o r this f rce as positively , and whole hea tedly , Unionists . Its contribution to the War measur ed in percentages of volunteers to the total population exceeded that from

the northern states . Tan PEACE DmI OCRA 'rs The menace of national disruption through the efforts of the acceding states was only one form of at

1 0 TH E PEACE DEM OCRATS other words the party whi ch takes ad vantage of a national crisis in order to achieve a success it could not win from a democratic people at the polls is the great est menace a free people has to face . Such a party de liberately flouts democracy . It attempts to convert a democracy into an autocracy . The history Of the Civil War was complicated by the persistent acti vities of just such a party . Of A portion the northern Democracy , large in the Old Northwest, openly opposed pro i W r 1 secut on of the a by the Administration . Be cause Oi the fact that the movement demanded that r War the Administ ation stop the , and that the mem hership was drawn from the Old Democratic party the r r name the Peace Democ atic Pa ty has been gi ven it . r 27 9 2 1 1 Breckinridge eceived , votes in the free states in 1 860; this element was a natural nucleus Of a north ern party of opposition . The opponents sn eeringly “ ” or i called its members copperheads , ident fied them with the Confederates by the common appelation Of ” “ 1 3 butternuts . Of Fernando Wood , Mayor New York, and his r brothe , Benjamin Wood , publisher of the r of News and a membe Congress , made themselves spokesmen of a faction of Peace Democrats In the East . Fernando Wood pro at the beginning

War that New York ity proclaim itself a free city ,a sort r Hambu g in the federal union, and t e tain its trade both wi th th e United States and the Con

The South to had it s Peace Part ies. At one time in ort h arolina and , o, N C r vit ies f such an o i a Geo g:a the acti o ppos tion g ve the Confedera consi era le embarassment . The movement seems t o have een the work of d b b ’ a d nnant Union element stirred t o life by loa l leadenhip. See the Rsrbmod o O ur 1 6 a Dail Whi e r a 1 8 for rie account . y g, F b y 9, 4, b f A satirical oem ulishe I n Philadel 8 k ut in p p b d p 1 63 wor ed o seemingly endless verses the theme of contem t of t he mania“for t he o e r e p C pp h ads. “ ‘ ’ - Ye snealt is a sl ir . Ye ratt le sneak Indeed hath some clsivalr y b d , y, ’ if it is in his tail; but ye Sneak/yelepid hea haifi cuk d ” There was an appro priateness in the tt ernut for bot h the confi de» d he eace emocra in nu ates an t P D ts. Both drew their strengt h mbers from the orer whites of t he rural South and West who by force of circumst ances wore gmes un clot hes d ed fmm the bu r p y t t e nut . TE E PEA CE DEM OCRATs l l

’ f . “ederacy Thus accord ing to the Mayor s vision, We could live free from taxes , and have cheap goods ” r U n early duty f ee . But the chief elements of the P r r eace Democ ats we e located in the Ohio valley , de c reasing in density Of numbers as the distance north ward from the Ohio river increased . The evidence con nects the class with the immigration stream which had an overflowing flood from the South to the

of the Ohio R1 ver . The area in r p ehended by a line drawn through Dayton , Hamilton , n r Chillicothe and Cinci nati , the iver counties of Indiana n r r and Illi ois , and their neighbo s , we e the strongholds Of the party .

The rank and file Of the Coppert were the r r r r smalle fa me s and poor a tisans of the region , r if measu ed by accumulated weal th . They like the poor whites of the South saw another vision from that which

the followers of Lincoln saw . The latter saw the ex pansion of their agricultural system across the fertile

es of the plains balked by expanding slave areas . i ‘ Ih r r r e fo me saw a black horde of f eedmen , a veritable

black peril , sweeping from the southland across the

th e . Ohio into the free farming regions of Ohio Vall—ey All those social forces which count with a people en vironm t en , tradition , decades f teaching from plat — O r r form , p ess , and pulpit were bea ing their natural r fruit in the Ohio Valley . It is the t agedy of this Con fiiet in the Northwest that the votaries of both sides r thought of thei causes as defensive ones , and from

the point Of view Of each it was so .

l ' M cPhem m Hfi w of Me Rebefliom P 43

The ram: o 1 860 sh that a out six r cent of t he hit e o ulation C f owed b e w p p immi or en ent s pI mmi ants m slave states of hio ere grants the esc O gr ro , O w ' d d f chiefl ro m V ia and Kentuck a out t elve er cent of n iana chiefl y f n y ; b w p I d , y ro m Kentuck i r inia orth arolina and ennessee a out t en cent of f y, g , N C , T ; b llinois chiefl rom Kent uck ennessee r inia and orth Ca a out I , y f , T , Vi g N b er cent of Missouri rom Kent uck ennessee ir inia and orth p , y f y, T , V g N rolins. The Democratic newspapers kept t he menace of the freedmen always before t heir rea ers. The oli n-tbs: Cri nlr ct o er 2 1 861 contains a t ical article. d C , O b 9, . yp 1 2 TEE PEACE DEM OCR ATs

There was a close analogy between the line Of rea soning of the Copperheads and their poor white ki nsfolk of r the South . Without doubt , if the Coppe heads had had the balance of power in the Northwest as t hey had in Kentucky they would have made the whole section or h r neutral , , if they ad been in the majo ity as in North Carolina they would have swung the Nort hwest w into an alliance with the Confederacy . It as inevi table that they should number among themselves some that were the conscious agents Of the South and some Whom the loss of peace- time markets during the stages of the War and the consequent hard times drove o o r into the pp sition pa ty . The newspapers of the river towns stressed the losses from the cessation of the Old trade . The Cincinnati Gazette estimated at the close Of 1 86 1 that the loss of the southern mar ket for bacon alone meant a loss of to the farmers r who r Of the No thwest . To those were mo e concern ed about the recovery of the old river commerce and plantation markets than about rival labor systems or

r r a - at - - r social st uctu es , pe ce any p ice had a commercial r backg ound . Once the South seceded and set up a rr r r r r v r t wo w ba ie to ive comme ce , the e ent wo ked ays . To the Peace Democrats Of the Ohio Valley it stimu lated a movement for peace in order t o have back Old markets on the basis of restoration ; to the Unionists it w r stimulated a ar Of conquest . The va ying points of ’ view arose from th e respective doctrines Of States Rights and Nationalism .

The Peace Democrats of the Northwest had an

r h . n Of n few active , cunning leade s ip The ames o ly a have survived the oblivion which hi story allows to those W e ho grieviously err . The high pri st of the faction was V ll i was Clement L . a and gham . He of Huguenot and Scotch descent ; the scion of families early transplan ted i r o r r a Dem~ to V ginia , and thence to Ohi , P esbyte i n and oerst by forces as immutable In such minds as any laws

- See for e am le the Kno ville Dail Re inn une 1 1 1 86s. . x p , x y g , J ,

Tun PEACE Damocaars 2 1

give our blood to their service to consecrate the crime? r i r The Democ at c newspape s of the country today , r r r refusing longe , in any manne , to pande to the inter r o o o ests of the abolition t ait rs f the N rth , will rise in their might and beat back the tide of desolation that ” threatens the land . The Coshocton Democrat said ; The North is in direct Rebellion against the Constitution and Laws of the United States ! We do not believe Southern Generals ever had any idea of attacking Washington r o t o r r own r the desi e nly p otect thei ights , liberty , o s an property . If they cannot d it without di persing r r the scound elly usu pers in that City , they m“ay attempt r t o take it . The C risis harped on the gross c iminality of New England measures and New England men in fomenting the sectionalism which has begotten this most unhallowed and barbarous war and destroyed the ” 0 . r l was nation The Old Gua d , a month y magazine , published tn New York to promote the views of the — d r Peace Democrats evoted , it announced to the p in ”

i l 1 6 1 7 8 . c p es of 7 7 and 7 Had Lincoln , it asserts in of r r hi s one its ea ly numbe s , confined acts within con titutional i not s lim ts , and attempted no deed author o izod by that sacred instrument , not nly should we have r r been spa ed all thei bloodshed and debt , but the Union ” would have been saved . The same magazine de ” r War o r sc ibed the as one of Aboliti n and plunde , “ ” o c nducted by the besotted tyrants in Washingt“on . Samuel Medary made the Crisis describe the whole ” “ atmosphere of Washington City as bedimmed with ” r or i r r e r , misch ef , and ideas of a futu e mona chy . The Cincinnati Enquirer again and again referred to i l K ng Lincoln and the Revolution he had se fishly led . r o The Democ atic Convention of Huntington C unty ,

he si u u T O ris ol m us ust 1 86 . , C b , A g 5, 3 ‘ 7 Tb Old Guar Vol. 1 No. 2 . . . d, , p 45

1 613 . Vol. . 2 . Vol. I I . 1 . I p 3 , p ’

The Crirsr ril 1 86 2 . , Ap 9, 24 THE PEACE Dm ocna 'rs

’ There s blood upon your garments , ’ There s guilt upon your soul ; For the lust of ruthl ess soldiers You let loose without control ; Your dark and wicked doings A God of mercy sees ; And the wail of homeless children ” Is heard on every breeze .

r for War was The emedy “secession and Civil most r . d r k simple in fo m With raw you armies , call bac ” V ll m your soldiers , and you will have peace , a andigha

roared from the platforms of the North . The resolu in are tions of a convention Shelby County , Indiana , typical “of the constructive program of peace Demo w crats. That e earnestly recommend a. cessation of hostilities f or such a period as may be necessary to allow the people of the North and the South to express r on r r for th ough a Nati al Convention , thei desi e peace, and a maintenance of the Union as it was and t he Con stit ution as it is It was a line of thought that caught i acifi sts r d quite a net full , what w th p , pa tisans an o w ' paltroons. A cursory reading of s uthern ne spapa s would have taught them all the self- deception in the ’ V . remedy . The South scouted allandigham 8 North

western mediation so far as it had reunion as its goal . They natural ly encouraged whatever of opposit ion to the Administration of Lincoln they found 1 11 the move ment . The Peace Democrats found nothing to praise in the conduct of the War by the United States . To turn the tables and class the Peace Democrats as pro- south u ern would be inaccurate . J st as the Confederates and

hoice ollection e Y 8 A o D mocratic Pam : and Son New ork 1 6 . 1 . C C f y , , 3, pp 5, 3 ’ See for ex am le 71 0 4 1 1 Geor a Dail Comfifsfiasalsrf , p , 7 ( g1 ) y , jan March 1 2 1 86 M a Knox ville ail R: ul , 3 y D y , J y 7 , Sfasmfan S rd a ar ul 1 . The onl art of t he uth here t he oe a a p f , J y 7 , 3 y p w w p an um al n am pers show y interest in re on o g t he line Vallandigh was leading is in rt ions in close eco nomic on s ith the Nort hwest mainl the souhern b d w . y t hal the i al f Oh o V ley.

26 THE S C E P Socw rms E R T our rcu. death struggle between the oligarchic political and social system of the South and the democrat ic structure of the Northwest in which the whole nation had be come involved .

THE SEC RET POLITICAL Socrm ras

The Peace Democrats were not content to depend on the loose and divided organization of the old Demo cratic party for the promotion of their purpose . The perpetual struggle with the War Democrats in party councils easily turned the Peace Democrats into secret organizations which they fully controlled . There were precedents for the organization of secret oath r s r bound orders with signs , grips , passwo d , and ituals in order to accomplish a political purpose . The Know Nothing or Native American Party had flourished for a time like a green bay tree on the model of the popular i secret orders of the day . Southern R ghts Clubs had sprung up from 1 852 to 1 855 in the South as a reply to the Personal Liberty Acts and the Underground Rail way of the North . The Southern Rights Clubs did r i not rest thei case w th defensive measures , but they r r e r r of o o b anches of th m like the o de the L ne Star , undertook the Americanization of the neighboring lands - x i around the gulf of Mexico Cuba , Me ico , and N cara o li ri ugua by means f fi buste ng expeditions . A bout 1 855 some of these secret societies of the South took of of the name the Knights the Golden Circle . The rro r i o Peace Democrats bo wed the o gan zati n . ritual , name and all of the Knights of the Golden Circle for a movement that would have reason enough to resort to the protection of secrecy . Societies were formed in the North in 1 86 1 ; it was not until 1 86 2 that the spread of the secret societies over the North west reached the point where it alarmed the Unionists and stimulated in turn a counter organize t of Union Tan Seem Poumcu. Socw rxss 27

o r Lo yal Leagues . The organizing instincts of the American were never better illustrated in the rival two a ctiviti es of the movements . The Loyal Leagues r were open , public, adve tised ; The Knights of o r or the G lden Ci cle whatever the name, for there w r r e e many , were sh ouded in the deepest mystery . Even the fact of the existence of such associations were denied by the Peace Democrats throughout the early As government detectives the societies and the evidence threatened to become the basis of prosecution of the more radical leaders for treason efforts were made to eliminate the federal agents and other undesireable elements by reorganization under

new r . 1 863 names , new ituals , and new passwords I“n the prevailing name in the Northwest was the Order ” “ ” r 1 864 of Ame ican Knights , in , the Sons of Liberty . There was much looseness in the use of names by con

temporaries . Those who were not initiates in the secret “ ” or ders commonly spoke of them as butternuts or “ ” s C0 end , and jumbled Peace Democrats and cderates and secret societies together in one happy

The name tslren the or anizations varie consi era l t he revailin by g d d by, p g in the ort h uh t he first t wo ears was t he Kni hts of t he Golden one N west thro g y g - ve ns of Bom a . Y. ircle. On Ma 1 86 1 t ent fi citize , , organize to C y 7 , , w y b y N d f Li ert . See O a cl e the War and took t he name Sons o fi R medy, Series , b y - ll Vol . 3 . 1 stances of earl or an zat on ill be oun in t he 2 . ther in g , pp 95 95 O y i i w f d - - Ret ard: S . 1 2 2 1 2 . See the e cellent W enes l l , Vol . 2 , 3 4, 3, 4 “ pp ' x " ner m the orth J m . of t N i f Dr his Fesle Secret Polziccl S e s Me War o ” r ; ,

11 1 I ndi a“M o Se t. 1 1 3 -1 3 5 ~ m of UM , 9 . P 3 p “ ‘ f i — mo g the names taken the secret societ es ere The Mutual Pro A n by “ " “ " " ” w tect on Soo et f Honor The ir le The Kni hts of the , The ycle o , , g i x “ C ” C c “ issouri and t he Peace r Mi ht Host The or s de Belgique in M , O gsni g y’ 2 C p unon in lli I nois. he Grid : of e ru 2 . T ar 1 6 The rier! olum u Au t I 3, $ 6 8, 1 8 3 C , C b F b y declare tbst dm lea ues ere ein orme , and that the Dem d gerous seciet g w b g f d ocn tic orga nizat ons ere o en oli tical o ies. i w p , p b d ' 28 Tan Sacanr Pomr rcar. Socrm ms

o Wh atever the name , the s cieties enlisted as many Peace Democrats as they could induce to pay the small admission fee of They were never able r r to enlist all thei numbers in such o ganizations . The secret orders were in fact a dual organization politi

r . cal and military . The one was within the othe The political organization had for its object the political f r success of the Peace Democracy . In so a the socie r la in ties were merely Democ atic clubs , p y with the u rituals and passwords of secret societies . t wit hin the associations was usually a composed of the more radical and violent elements

that looked forward to the use of force . By 1 868 the societies had been welded into a fairly homogeneous

. was r body There a Sup eme Council of the Order, composed of the Grand Commanders of the States and two delegates from each of the States in which the or

der existed . The Supreme ouncil chose the ex ecu — C r r tive offi cers the Sup eme Commande , a Deputy o r r r Supreme C mmande , Sec eta y of State and Trea s — 2 urer at an annual meeting on February 2 nd . Val l i ham r m r and g became Sup eme Com ander in Feb uary , r i was 1 864 . Robe t Holloway of Ill nois the Deputy Com r - i - mander , and Docto Massey of Columbus , a son n law r was of of Samuel Medary of C isis fame , Secretary State . The Supreme Commander was the military as well as the political chief . Each state where the order could gai n a footing was organized 1 1 1 turn into a Grand Council of t wo representatives from each County Temple and one additional representative for

each thousand members in the county . The Grand

ret en in to e ose t he or ers and am hlets and ooks ith the same ur p d g xp d , p p b w p pose All t he evi ence hether that of alarmists it nesses or Government et ect ives d w , w d must be si t e most care ull . The n or u t f d f y best co tempo ary acco n of the secret soo ieties in t he orth est la t he re ort of t he udge vocate General ose h Holt N w p J Ad J p , to t he Secret ar of t he War on the Secret ations and ir y Associ acies against e vernment 1 6 . The of u th Go , 8 4 re ort t he j tant General of o iana for the p Ad d ' “ - W l. ivil ar Vo 1 cont ains much mat erial . a P , , M yo essler, Secret almsd Sce C " F ietier m the North duri the War l ndiana Ma n i ne o Hi t r , g f s o y. Se t . 1 9 1 8. and W p . D. oulke , Li e o im P . M orton Vol. chs. 2 7 and aB arc critical ac u s F j f , I , . co nt of t he movement .

84 Tnz Sncam Poun m Socm m

The adjuta nt general of Indiana reported m January 8 u of n 1 86 , that the n mber arrests for desertio in the Indianapolis district alone 1 1 1 the month of December had exceeded 2500; that officers sent to arrest men accused of desertion were set on by the local popa la r af tion . Afte the inauguration of the dr t system in the f 1 863 r e o spring o , the Peace Democ ats and secr t rders

centered their activities on its defeat . Local m orts

t force became uite common in 1 868 . A small up oO o C o i u t . rising in H lmes ounty , Ohi , was qu ckly p down ffi who i o msur n The o cers “d spersed the w uld be ge ts w i i w sa about fifty , an gnorant and m sguided class ho hardly knew what they wanted or why they felt them i selves aggrieved . The draft records n Blackford

r r . County , Indiana , we e dest oyed by a mob Several draft officers 1 1 1 Indiana and Illinois were set on mobs :

in a few cases the offi cers were murdered . It necessary in the Copperhead strongholds to accompany United States officials with armed guards . The nu thorities that attempted to arrest deserters were at s su h tacked by mobs . Di loyal judges pplemented t e work of the mobs by discharging the deserters and those r r ro who encou aged dese tion when b ught before them . It is difficult to take the measure of th e acts of

violence at this stage . Jefferson Davis thought the Ohio Valley in 1 86 8 the weak place in the enemy ’s w r n territory . It as his matu e judgme t that the death

of General A . S . Johnston in 1 86 2 was a fatal event for s m on r . l l k the C“ fede acy That with a ki lfu co mander li e n s him Ten e see , Kentucky and Missouri would have r r f been recove ed , the No thwest disa fected , and our of the armies filled with the men Southwest , and per

haps of the Northwest also . The Copperheads boasted that the Northwest was in a sta te of insurrec~

. a was o tion Such a st tement a gross exaggerati n , if i o not for r rr i appl ed to the wh le , so ce tain na ow d stricts .

‘ R l O t id l ecor s (Series ) , Vo . 2 Part 1 . 96. fi d , I 3, p 3

eflerson avis Rise and Fall o the on ederate over nment Vol. . 6 1 J D , f C f G , II . p . Tn Sacam Pomr rcaL Socm-rm 85

But t o discourage and intimidate the Unionists was a of part of the pmpaganda the Peace Democrats . The evidence of growing disorder in the Northwest alarmed the Unionists . The State authorities attempted to meet the situation by the organization of new militia o 7 units f r local defense .

The failure of the federal campaign in Virginia in 1 86 2 of h e , and the success t Peace Democrats at the polls in the Northwest in the Fall of 1 862 the dis co uragemen t of th e Unionists and the elat 1 on of the r r n r Coppe heads , p oduced a da ge ous situation . The i l G o vernors of Ohio , Ind ana , and Il inois had their

l . hands ful , to say the least The opposition to the War in Indiana blocked every measure in the legislature in o War 1 86 8 for the supp rt of the , and even prevented the passage of the usual appropriations for the support r of the State gove nment . In Illinois at the same time the lower house of the legislatu re voiced by resolu tions the demand of the Peace D“emocrats for an armis ti ce and a peace convention . It is easy after the event t o see that the Copperheads had shot their bolt as a political power in the winter of 1 86 2 8 ; that those who were fighting in the thick of the battle felt doubts s and fears of the outcome wa inevitable . The corres pondence of the Administration from the Northwest ro s " descr ibed with one ac cord a dange u situation . That President Lincoln shared the alarm is suppo rted by di rect testimony and by the growing severity of the ” he r T P esident tells me , Sen

f 000 in mili tia or nizat ions in 1 8 1 and n iana Ohio w a force o 40- 64, I d A“? o “! i not uit e as lar e a o 506 W f 4m mGeneral o nearly f q g b dy. 4 f the I ndi ana Le i on and M n - and erati on: o g ute M en, 1 86 Ohio 1 86 , . 39 , Op f 3 4, , 4 p i ndiana olis 1 86 . I p , 5

ate! Vol. IV . 1 2 . Rho es Histor o the United St . , 3 d , y f p l l ins arge mass of repnrts of

a ims. agents of t hc Admil ist r t 36 Tn Ex nz or Vam x nm m

tor ad the omm military chances . The Sena ds c ent ‘ T or full T hese are dark hours. here are senat s of de B t he o en spair, y p ing of l 86 8 the Peace Democrats had captm'ed the-en

a large part of

i m s rmin and marshalled in m litnry co pW e , a g

1 Pr f re ener In March , 863 , the esident trans er d G al o Ambrose E. Burnside from the c mmand of the Army of t he Potomac to that of the Department of the Ohio

Burnside nndert ook the command in the Nor thwest at almost precisely the moment that Vallandigham re - d hi h n essi term at an end . turne to O o , is Co g1 onal A clash was probably inevitable under the circumstances. Burnside had been humiliated b his terrible dd mt at F ow to redericksburg, and was n retrieve ‘ landigham had just closed his congressional career with e of considerable eclat . His speech s toward the close i r of r 1 4 the session , part cula ly that Janua y , had hem

. had r r a confident , daring , and forceful He eve y e son to believe that his opposition was bearing fruit. A peace thr ough the victory of Union arms seemed very c remote , as he wished it to be . The Pea e Democrats and such War Democrats as clung zation had together nearly V di ’ power in the Fall elections . allan gham s on de e r feat had been accomplished by the g r ymander . His “ W e ca r r 1 86 . See E L Pierce M em b e aad la ten ! na y 7 , 3 of Ch-ia Smum V , ol. , p. t t4.

The S h e a st r peee oj jn u y 1 4, 1 86 is n ex ceedingly ong statement ol Val ’ a o l - [and h m s i . ver e P 86 1 ig ol c n si on ! G ob , art II , 1 3 , endix . 38 . p y C App , p 5

88 THE Emma or VALLANDI G HAM

object of weakening the power of the Governmmt in r i on its efforts to supp ess the rebell on . The conclusi that he had explicitly expressed sympathy for the re l o was not or tn bel i n supp ted by the evidence ; fact, it is certa in he had no real sympathy with the rebellion. o on wa o e er r on he The c nclusi s h w v , a natu al e under t r u r not n ci c mstances , and pe haps unjust . That Valla digbam was trying to weaken the Governm ent at a i k n critical t me , and so was a dangerous citizen , s a o me - re o il r (1 fi b the thin of near t as n , w l p obably be y

few today . The commission proposed close conhue

ment in some fortress for the duration of the War. General Burnside approved the decision of the military r r Warren in cou t , and proposed confinement at Fo t , o Bost n Harbor . The federal district court of southern Ohio refused to interfere when asked for a writ of r r r of r habeas co pus , and exp essed app oval the cou se

which the military authorities had pursued . There 1 8 direct testimony that the arrest and trial of Vallandi ham for r r ff 1 g the pa ticula o ense of May ,

was the act of Burnside and not of his superiors . Burnside after the Civil War explained the case and

r r o . m vi tually “assumed esp nsibility His statement a defense ; Soon after I took command , I became very anxious in the contemplation of the great discontent and despondency on the part of many persons occasioned by o i n who i re o n so the disl yal politic a s , at that t me we d i g r t o much ha m n the N rthwest . Letters were being sent into the army for the purpose of creating discontent o r r of r a am ng the soldiers , newspape s we e full t e son r r t able exp ession , and la ge public mee ings at which our Government authorities and our gallant soldiers in the field were openly and loudly denounced for eir o r o r th eff rts to supp ess the rebelli n . Ou military prisons were full of persons arrested for uttering dis» ” loyal sentiments and committing disloyal acts . The

Re ort o the Trial a Vallandi ham . 2 2 2 ull o inion of t he mut t . p f ] g , pp 59, 7 , f p

O cial Records Seri s I Vol. 2 a . fi , ( e ) , 3, rt 1 , Re ort of Nove nber 1 P p 3, 1 86 as comman er of t he e art ment of hio. 5, d D p O Tnn Em a or Vanm nt om 89 diary of Gideon Welles comments on the Cabinet conferences on the case and confirms the view that the ’ ’ w 5 V i h m rr w act was Burnside s o n . alland g a s a est as

of r . o but one a se ies at the time Am ng others Logan , r r was rr the edito of the Dayton Empi e , a ested and 7 confined in prison . They were probably intended as acts of warning t o the Peace Democrats . Whether they accomplished the purpose is a matter the historical st udent finds it di fficult t o settle . Such acts heartened the loyal and stimulated the resistance of the oppo ’

i o . sit on . The balance remains in d ubt That Burnside s policy had pushed the field of military authority farther into the normal ones of civil agencies than the President had yet done or intended is clear . Most of those ar ’ r o reste d at this time were soon released . Bu nside s r d n n i er suspendi g the publicatio of the Chicago T mes , ’ J 1 1 863 was r o r une , , ev ked by President Lincoln s o der r three days later . A few weeks afte the arrest of Val la ndigham General Burnside consulted the Secretary of War in advance on a plan he had formed of arresting Judge Trimble of Kentucky for public statements ’ against the War . Stanton 8 reply may be taken as an r i l of exp ess on of d“e iberate policy the Administration at the time . If M r . Trimble is found encouraging ” “ d r r r r or ese tion f om you a my , Stanton said , in any way interfering with or endangering your military operations youwill be authorized to place him under a rrest ; the mere declaration of his opposition t o the War or that if elected he will oppose furnishing supplies o f any kind is a good reason why loyal men should not v ote for him but is not sufficient ground for military ’ Stanton s rule required a direct word en ’ couraging desertion ; Burnside s military court accepted an expression which indirectly tended to the same

- iar o Weller Vol. I . 06 2 1 . D y f , , pp 3 , 3 3 ’

O uel Records (Series Vol. , . 66 . j , V p 5

- i o l. 2 art 1 . 8 6 . O e al Rec rdr, (Series 1 ) Vo , 3 1 fi 3 P , pp

O cial Recor s (Series 1 1 ) Vol. , . 2 . fi d , VI p 3 40 Tm : EXILE or VALLAc m

The end as sufficient . distinction is rather a fine

al o . one, but re , n ne the less r Vallandi ham r At any ate , in the case of g , the P es d tded o of ident cc to support the p licy Burnside , except that the alternative punishment which had been sug ’ gested in Burnside s order was substituted for the sen ’ l r r tence of the mi ita y cou t . The President s comm uta tion of the sentence of Vallandigham instructed the mili tary authorities to send him into exile in the Confederate

States , subject to the revival of the original sentence of close confinement if he returned within the Union an i ham i lines . Vall d g was sent from Cinc nnati to the of the r outposts Union line , and thence unde a of truce handed over to the Confederate pickets near ’

illc n . was o byv , Te nessee It President Linc ln s purpose to identify Vallandigham tn the mind of the northern s people with trea on and the Confederate cause , and so

discredit his movement . What happened can best be told by the following reprints of manuscripts from the ’

r i M r . Bragg papc s n W . P . Palmer s Civil War Collee tion at the WesternReserve Historical Society . General Bra g in command of the army in middle fienncssee reported the landighamto the Adjutant General of the Confeder»

acy at Richmond , supplied him with a passport , and

explanatory letter .

2 Hd . Qrs Dept . No . l 27 " 1 She byville May 863 .

On the 25 inst . the Hon C . L . Vallandigham of w Ohio U . S . as brought by an armed guard of the o r our enemy , t the neutral g ound between picket s. on the r to i was r oad from Murfre—esboro th s place ; and the e abandoned by them I have admitted him within my due un lines , and received him with the courtesy —any fortunate exile seeking a refuge from tyranny He de to of r sires go to the state Geo gia , and I have gr anted i him permiss on for that purpose .

Tm; Em or Vam mom 43

o e r e r n rr speak , while the C nf de at autho ities co fe ed on his case . The conclusion was t o treat him as a citizen of n a on ro s r n r the U ited St tes pa le, ecu e what i fo mation o ro on to they c uld f m him , and then send him his way r a neut al country . The following selections from the

Bragg Papers tell the story of the decision .

‘ D . 2 Head Quarters ep No . 3 1 " 1 863 Shelbyville , Tenn May

. V ll h Hon C . L a andig am Dear Sir The General Commanding instructs me to enclose you a copy of a dispatch just received from

. W h H on . . r r ar I A Seddon Sec eta y of , Ric mond , and to request youto give a response in writing in order that h e may answer the inqui ry contained in the dispatch . The General desires also that youwi ll return the pass rt given you as pending further instructions from fi chmond it is evident that its issue is in conflict with the views which have prompted the dispatch . (B raxton B ragg Genl)

Shelbyville, Tenn . 3 1 1 868 May ,

G en. Bragg, C . S Am“ Co &c , &c,

In answer to your note of this morning, allow me to say that it was m offer upon first entering your lines , t o surrender myse a prisoner ; the order or suggestion r r W r of the Sec eta y of ar , is enti ely consonant to my r r r o iginal desi e purposes , though I since ely trust r a t hat the parole may allow my departu e at ny time ,

as this is most important to me every way .

Please report also , that I came to your lines upon o compulsi n against my consent , as a citizen of Ohio a r of the United St tes , in exile banished f om my country for no other offense than love of constitutional n n r liberty , my political opi io s , esolute , undaunted 44 Tan Em or VALLANDI GHAM opposition to the principles 8: policy of the party 8:

Administration in power in the Untted States . The of r order the President was absolute , fo bidding me to return under penalty of imprisonmen t during the war ; 8: therefore left me no alternative ; it was executed by m r r o f ilita y fo ce . It is better for me d ubtl ess or sev eral reasons, to be deemed a prisoner on parole while I remain in t he Confederate States ; but my most ear r for r r r nest desi e is a passpo t , if um a y , and pe mission to r o leave as soon as possible , eithe through some C n f for ’ federate port , or by way o Matamoras , C nada, Wi tih where I can see my family , communicate my s c friends transact my bu iness as far as pra ticable , f unmolested . I am still a citizen o Ohio of the Unit ed i allegiance to both , and reta ning the same opinions position which I have always held r e at home . As the P esident of the United Stat s will cer tainly not ezchange me J trust I may be aIlowed to de part 1 parole for the place which I have above des tgna£3

ll n h C . L . Va a dig am “ Shelbyville 1 June 1 863 .

Adjutant General Richmond .

. l di m Honorable C . L Val an gha is here on Parole . He was brought under Guard by the Enemy and Aban — doued in Front of my lines With orders from his Government Not to Return Under Penalty of Imprison ment for the War Fearing assassination from a licensed Soldiery he made his Way to My Outpost Surrend ered as an alien Enemy owing allegiance to the State of Ohio and the United States But Exiled by the pres~ ent Government for Maintaining his Civil Rights as a

He Awaits orders but desires to make his Way by t the mos Expeditious Ro ute to Canada . I suggest a

h h c f m

er w on the Canadian side. H e he Tar: Em a or Vam m xonm 47 by the international boundary which separated him from Hi r his followers . s manifesto for the Ohio Democ acy , or rr or r a sent f th on the day of his a ival at the b de , c hi cepted the nomination and skillft described s exile . “ ” “ for hr Arrested and confined , he said , t ee weeks in r r of the United States , a p isone state ; banished thence t o the Confederate States , and there held as an alien r r war o on r r enemy and p isone of , th ugh pa ole , fai ly o r and h norably dealt with and given leave to depa t , possible only by ru nning the blockade at the haza rd of being fired on by ships flying the flag of my — o wn r I r r n on count y , find myself fi st a f eeman whe o r of r B ritish s il . And today , unde protection the B itish f r to r to r ri lag, I am he e enjoy and in pa t exe cise , the p vileges and rights which usur pers insolently deny me ’

r ro w o l . eo at home His pa ty p gram as “ut ined The p ple were told that he had not found in all the Conf ed r who o r c ate States one did n t declare his eadiness , when the war shall have ceased and invading armies been w r o of re withdra n , to conside and discuss the questi n o union . And wh shall doubt the issue of the argument ? r r r o o o I retu n the efo e , with my pinions and c nvicti ns to war n as and peace , and my faith as to fi al results ro o o not n f m s und p licy and wise statesmanship , o ly u n r r . An d nchanged , but co fi med and st engthened may God of heaven and earth so rule the hearts and minds of Americans everywhere that a Constitution m o r r r or aintained , a Uni n esto ed , a libe ty hencef th made ur r n r and o r h sec e , a g a de n ble destiny s all yet be ours than that even which blessed our fathers infthe ” w of e Th e r fi rst t o ages th Republic . add ess makes r r o r the r z i amazing eading a gene ati n afte w iting , ama ng or for s r o or us f its egotism and its mi interp etati n , , let o of of say , misconcepti n the purposes and ideals the o c G overnment f the United States . An extensive p pu u lation accepted it as almost a new gospel . [iThe pop larit Vallandi ham o r if the con y of g with his foll we s , z Z

Vallandi ham Li e o lement L. Vallandi ham . 1 8 2 1 . g , f f C g , pp 3 , 3 48 Ta x EXILE or VALLANDI G HA! temporary news reporters and editors had any truth t ‘ n them , ts a significant phenomenon .

Vallandi ham In August , g moved his headquarters to r Windso , opposite Detroit , because it was more ac cessible to the strongholds of his party in the Northwest . From all appearances he had successft defeated the n him purposes of the Gover ment in exiling , and become a champion of free speech . The campaign of the Peace n u r Democrats duri g the s mme , and the course pursued by certain judges in defeating the draft law by dis charging drafted men under habeas corpus proceed r P l ‘ Vallan i h m ings wo ried resident Linco n . dg a was i safely beyond reach . His political campa gn must be f left with the voters of Ohio . But the use o the writ of l w habeas corpus to defeat a a was another matter . President Lincoln called a Cabinet meeting on t em ber 1 4 for the discussion of ways of combatting e in terference of the courts . The President was according to the testimony of Cabinet members aroused to the seriousness of the situation . Gideon Welles , the Sec retar of r r n of y the Navy, repo ted that the ope atio s the navy were also embarassed by the same abuses of dis i loyal courts, and that the practice m ght easily become

- a national disaster . The evidence of the provost mar shall on the means employed to defeat the draft con V inced all members of the Cabinet with a can u dial unanimity , says Welles , that a new policy sho ld

be adopted by the Administration .

From time to time President Lincoln had suspended the writ of habeas corpus as though the suspension

were an executive prerogative . The Democratic op r r e position , and pa ticula ly the Peace D mocrats , had and laid emphasis on the letter of the constitution ,

A ook of songs to chant the raises of Vallandigham tn ashion to la ce b p ’ f p hi tollowen was com ile tn olum us tn 1 86 . 7 hc Vallaad hau Son M s p d C b 3 u g . olum us 1 86 . C b , 3 i Wa en Account m Pr : W l ar V l. r t G eon el es i o . 1 o in : L d , D y, I , p 43 5; d , ] 4 and Public Sm it e: o Sal mon P . Chan . . f , pp 543 5

58 A Nom wns'r CO NF EDEBACY

interest with the South , and throwing for the War on the East . Braggs gene his faulty , and army was stopped before The accretion to his army from Kentucky barely r usalties equaled a b igade , less than his ca in the under r o fi taking . The p oclamation had n appreciable e eetg Yet the doctrine that only minor misunderst an separated the Southwest from the Northwest m not down . It was a common theme with newspaper writers of the Southwest that the principle one of thwe was commercial . Those who held this view urged that the Confederate Sta tes remove the difficulty by pledg‘ ing to the Northwest the free navigation of the M issis sippi whenever the independence of the South should r be acknowledged . As a matt e of fact ate Congress had done so at the beginning But writers had in mind a special pledge to west as an allied republic .

As the Confederate ar mies felt the pressure of the Union armies in 1 864 the Peace Democrats of the N west became the last string of the three in t he r crate bow . The southern inte est in the possibilities of the Northwestern situation gained moment um with experience and the increasing desperateness of its i l cause . A writer n the Knoxvi le Daily Regis tained r 1 2 1 863 War as ea ly as May , , that the be ended unt tl the Northwest was separated rest of the United States . Some saw the

“ n u lish The proclamatio was p b ed in t h ins in t ile. broadside. (See et fao s m ) I t was Rebel 1 1 86 2 . See O ficial Recordr Vol , Oct , 9 , f , " ” i ' o , i w am ennooga aay it arch 27Mill as3; 1 86 An al s ail Coutil atioulfi l Pehruar 1 1 86 3; n , D y , y 5, 3; Fe ruar 1 1 86 . b y 3, 3

1 ) The militar resources ash coura e and homo enocs hims o ( y , d , g , g w p m The n e t f the Sou for t he mili ualities t he tion. co t mp o th tary q of nort hern m lation was a part of t his view; (2 ) t he mediation or intervent ion of Em “ unt of a cot ton amine t he communi t of economic in acco f ; (3) y t erest ? the nd Sout hwest a t he Northwest .

60 A Noar awssr Cour-sum

l . n st Indiana , Illinois , Wisco sin , Iowa, r Minnesota , and pe haps Ohio , shall form

8d . A league between

fensive , and runaway slav gation of the Mi ssissippi “ ’ ’ im rts at our dvantages to ern Confederacy ” and protection to ledged by th

be sufficient .

on her rivers and railroads .

sponsib tion of decide upon .

w England which brought on the ar . The “ ” eracies would become the great powers ican Con“tinent . f r The Southern Con ede acy , based r labo , would always would control . i r r I present th s to you well sto ed , prolific an outline of what may come out of a wise A NORTHWEST Con s um er 6 1

1 1 1 the sentiment of the North West hereto

fore uded to . It 1 8 true they have fought us ; invaded our country ; t and wronged us terribly ; but that s done , and cannot 1 f n be recalled . It 8 a—matter o incalculable adva tage t o to r our Confederacy stop the sac ifice of life , and f or o some importance t o limit the debt , and rest e our

citizens to their homes . Concession can be made to “ ” the Northern Confederacy formed of the States named ; which will stop the war and will benefit us at r r the same time . As a cotton plante , and slave owne , r r I would g eatly prefer the league , on the te ms men ion inds nde t ed , to separate pe nce, with the enemy of

to i . that people , the inst tution of slavery As soon as r r r they a e disconnected f om slave y , it will cease to be r discussed , eve ywhere .

n n r r . If we are ot stro g, it may gene ate anothe war

e . t The L ague gives great strength Under his league,

can be embraced what they mean by reconstruction . r or r That is , thei position will be as good , bette than of States will be in the league instead 38 ,

But the New England States , New Jersey , Delaware,

. a r &c , re of no impo tance to them . They have secured r the market and trade, and for these they we e fighting ;

and are also politically disconnected from slavery . Indeed they thus obtained all they are contending

for . They say they are not fighting to free the slaves . fo We obtain all we are contending r . r I find ult a men , unwilling to do anything, but

. r fight on They are not in the a my , I have been with

the army since its organization . I know the opinion

and sentiment of the army . They have suffered suf fi cientl i r y , and des e peace . If the North - west are met on the basis proposed r i he ein , I think we will enter the wedge wh ch will sun d er the present authorities conducting the war . Lin r war u i r coln will ca ry on the d ring his adm nist ation ,

if he can get the support of these states . We then l of s hou d be on the alert , and if possible, deprive him 02 A Nom r CO W

hi i t s port on of his army . The balance we can whip. v i W er soon f nec ssar . m y , e y e can conquer a peace fr but that will not i d them ; be necessary . I f I nd ana m i r w o Illino s withd aw the ar will close . With these pr ’ osals before ] othet p them , they won t fight The

or o of . States named will follow , s me at least I f this be ne lected on our a the a i tnett g p rt , le d ng r i r may be offe ed positions , wh ch would neutralize thei efi orts. These States are a part of and their true alliance is wit h the r w c s ag icultural people, and so are e ; but their produ t ff s are di erent from ours , and hence the advantages in — Negotiations must begin sometime fi gh ting alone ’ won t adjust a difficulty . v I ha e seen so litt le of the proceedings of Congress, I am w that ignorant of hat has been discussed . The romi ent idea is i We m no r osi p n th s. ake p op e w o tion to the Governm nt , but e should put in s me a what we wfll do wi c r i as im sh pe th e ta n St ates, so to duce them to cease

A considerable correspondence arose between those in the Southwest and the Northwwt Who had become interested in the Northwest Confeder of an acy . Undoubtedly Governor Morton Indi a ad i ro h the economic conditions , which caused th s p ject, in mind when he urged on President Lincoln a vigorous ’ campaign on the Mississippi River . Political as well as military expediency prompted the campaign which opened the Mississippi to the Gulf by mid- summer of

" From the Ci d csoo s Dosl Reéel March 1 1 See also an artid e “ g y , 3. uel Pro ram use or Formi n M G under the heading A Cr g f "g M in the Richmond En uirer e ruar 1 6 1 86m; and General Beau s tea q , F b y , M a 26 1 86 on the ro er olic of the South in W m y 3, p p p y Vol. m . . , p 955 ' a ulis 1 1: the Ciseiaad i Co es l t A collectio n of such let ters w s p b hed mm a o Se t em er 1 86 . p b , 5

r in oulke Li e 0 Officer P . r a M arlon to Li ncoln cto e 3 7 , 1 863 , , f ] M a is , O b F Vol. . zt t . I , p

6 4 A Nosr awmr Consum er

peace. one without victory . In 1 862 and landigham and the French minister at Washington in “ ”

r . his efforts to d ive Lincoln into it In July , 1 864, he became interested in a report that Confederate Cont

Falls to look into th“e matter . I not only intend ff for said the President, a sincere e ort peace, but I intend that youshall be a personal Witness that it is ” ’ made Greeley bore the Pres ident s terms.

mansi on C r ea ti ve ,

Feb . 1 1 86 9, 1 4, 3, 3

Lincoln VoLVI . 8 . , , p 3

Nis ' H’ vi i 8 1 "9 oznfw p. i 2 21 A Noar awnsr Con sum er 65

o They were reunion and the abandonment f slavery . The would- be peace- maker found the Confederate com

missioners without authority to negotiate peace . That

was not their commission in Canada . The episode alienated Greeley still more ; it gave offense to those in the Union Party who thought the abandonment of ’ slavery made the terms of peace t oo harsh . Greeley s

oint of view was that of the theoretical pacifist . He pollowed the illusion that if the Administration would t a lk peace , gently and tactfully , enough , the enemy l wou d yield all . As a matter of fact President Lincoln r made every reasonable effort to save needless warfa e . o er r If the C nfed ate Commissione , Jacob Thompson , of W r is a creditable witness , the Secretary a , Stanton ,

r m a . to r r sent Je e i h S Black , To onto to confe with him

self and his associates on the subject of peace . Black , T of Stanton , and hompson had all been members Bu ’

r . chanan 3 Cabinet , and intimate f iends Black , like

was a rentl r r . Greeley , p y t ying to become a mediato The report of i t t wo Agents from Lincoln to Davis directly in the summer of 1 864 showed how vain was

the view that a peace could precede a complete victory . In THE meantime the military project of the Com

mission had not been overlooked . When Thompson and Captain Hines arrived in Canada they found Val

landigham still at Windsor . A conf erence with him taught them that he was friendly disposed but still de termined not to allow his cause to be identified with

that of the Conf ederate States . A year of exile in Canada had not moved him from the resolution he had taken when sent from prison through the Confederate

lines . Thompson and Hines were liberally supplied ’ o V ll i ham wi th money , and ready to prom te a and g s

'

icola and Ha L e o Liseoln Vol . IX 6 N y y, f , - .66 es m 11 81 4 0 l . 1 . at Vol. 1 1 See m o 1»(1 23 Vo l v fl , , p 4; , ; ] , , pp 5 3 4

Thom son? Letter uust in Southern Bioouac Vol . . 00 . p , A g , II , p 5 ’ For t he stor of t he trre ular mission of t he resi ent s a ents Col. ames y g P d g , J

. r i s F. ac ues and R. Gilmoref see Rho es Huto o ce United State , Vol. , J q ] d , y f f IV P 06 A Noar nwasr Con sum er

f cause . The Supreme Commander o the Sons of Li

were less scrupulous . activities , consistent with his representations, to the political phases . He never spoke of the use of force to help the South ; he did to defend the civil liber ty of his w section . I t as his o inion on the eve of his retn rn t o a e 1 864 d ini t r the United St t s in une , , that the A m s a r tion would arrest him , and the No thwest rise in revolt in his defense . So he expressed hi mself to the Co nfed crates at t e conference . They had 1 1 1 fact a de licate . h task in using money to promote the revolutio na ry movement in the Northwest . Thompson cl aimed to l for have half a million do lars the purpose , but it seems from his report that he actually spent only “ ” “ ” “ ” - of . it Boxes marked ick axes , hardware, nails , “ ” ‘P ” h household goods , Sunday school books , and t e like carried revolvers , rifles , and ammunition from Canada to the officers of those bands of Sons of Liber w o ty h could be trusted . The Commission would seem to have wasted no small part of its resource s in visi onary schemes of well meaning persons and tn in the claims of vicious unworthy refugees about

tye gcadquarters in Canada .

The result of the conferences between the revoltt tionary lead ers in the Northwest and the Confedfl 'sbe agents in Canad a finally took the form of a plot for an

l 20 1 864 . uprising on Ju y ,

1 Hin in h rn Biron“Vol. II . 06 Re ort o . : es Sout e , M 9 , p 5 ; p f M Foulke Li e o Norton Vol. . 0 1 . , f f , I , p 4

re t n r , o d e Pitman, I ndiana T n o T ial : f jug d ulanl Cener4 16 Boa . Re o l o lhe dj n a r p p Senes Ii Vol. . 6 1 6 6 2 8. ( .) pp 3 4 , 7 A report from a federal !agent in the Nort hwest says t he Order of American an uris n in M arch and another ul so Kni hts had lanne 1 86 . g p d p i g , y 4 If , e f the secret s iette anJ s t hese were rate mov ments o oc s c jet ate a ents and the Ra ical Peace emocrats. See D rl : of the Coal g d D fiMa al a Series . Vol. . . ( III ) IV, p 579

68 A Nonr nwm'r Com m a crates were ready to depend on the resources in sight e e The P ace Democrats , stimating these more accurate ly , insisted that the movement could only succeed in case the Confederate States diverted considm ble armies in co- operation with the revolt in the North

erate Government , but the day was past for a Conf ed of hw v erate invasion the Nort est , whate er the promises might have been .

August 1 6 passed without an outbreak . A third effort of the parties to the conspiracy to get t oget ha was made under the cover of the Democratic Conven

i i 29 . Con tion wh ch assembled in Ch cago , August The vention adopted a Peace platform and nomina ted a

both shoulders . The platform makers under Vallan i h m’ d g a s influence declared the War a failur e, denoun ced violations of the constitution and attach on civil liberty under be made for a with a view to an ulti mate convention of the States 0 o means , t the end that at the earliest ent peace may be restored on the basis of the Federal ” W m of e . v r Union Stat s The no ination , howe e , M n d . l ll a o ular io G B cC e an, p Un eneral an who rom ce War Democrat , p p y repudiated the pea o or i plan f the platf m , showed the confus on of party councils at Chi cago . The Compromise represent ed the clash in leadership of Vallandigham with Gw cruor Seymour of New York . The Convention adjourned and a third time the r rumors of revolt died away . The evidence ecords a

m H nes in Southern Baum Vol. 1 1 . 08 i , , . p 5 cPherson ”M ar o the Rebellion M , y f , “9

us ' ”m y [d o of id ths Se tem er 8 1 86 l d on s A d W , p b . g pfl ss a 4 1 86 . M . 4. p m A Noa'rnwm'r Com muter 69

flocking into Chicago hotels during the Convention of Confederate fi libusters in the confidence of the o revolutionary faction of the Peace Dem crats . Captain Hines claimed to have sixty Confederate r officers and soldiers . The Coppe heads claimed they co uld muster 5000 members of secret societies in for - o r o and about Chicago cc pe ati n . Estimates of the number actually available have little value The conspirators met in the Richmond house and o o laid the pl t . At Camp D uglas , a sixty acre camp r r 48 on the Chicago ive , was a body of 7 7 Conf ederate . prisoners guarded by 297 4 Union soldiers . According to t e n r r r to r the plan h co spi ato s we e cha ge the camp, r r r release the prisone s , and f om Federal a senals nearby arm and su ply the whole . The project was nothing less than a $00lhardy one . A conference on the night

- preceding the appointed day , and a calm st ock ta king r of e sobered the a chitects a Northw st Confederacy . Feder al detectives had dogged every step of the con irators on sp . The force guard at the camp had nearly doubled for the occasi on . A disorganized mob however well led was no match for the organized and r alert forces on guard . In sho t , the vigilance of the r Administration saved a costly encounte , nothing more . for There never was a chance of success , every step of progress the radical forces had made toward revolu tion had been known and met by counter measures of the Government . The Confederate authorities in Canada were con i of v nced b the experience July and August , 1 864 , that no irect military advantage was to be gained for the Conf ederate cause from the Peace Democrats by longer delay and devoted thei r efforts to embarassing the United States through undertakings which were based on their own strength . Each was scarcely more than a small filibustering expedition on a loosely guard In September 9. gang of Confederates op Canada attempted to seize the single sh1 p of M w a of war the United States on Lake Erie, the ht g n, 7 0 A Nom wm Con sum e r

’ and with it liberate the pr isoners at Johnson s I sland B v lev d in Sandusky ay , ad ance c eland by land an water and thence cut the wa m t he sta t e of 0hio . y a ' V m r i ” to nginimspceading de o ahzat on on the way. steamboats as the fi rst st eps toward the ccntml of tbe naval forces on Lake Erie. BuL as had been the case

of the le d r and im l an 'e s foiled h - a e s, t e y st t e co opers ' " i h r m t on anticipated. I n reahty t e e ew of the M whq out u h ir o s fi v - fold m n mbere d t e consp at r e , and moreo - e were not to be taken ofi their guard . The Confeda st fused to risk a

h of th tim it i to the ccver of t e sta te e es, s not possible

- by the Co nfederates in Canada in ordel to discounge

Cm adm and sold it for bills of ex ehangemnly t o repeat the operatiomin o er to embarass Fedeul u th l e is no evidence that a of these financing . B t e ny efi orts were signifi cant fact crs in the great strum

THE danger of civil war in the Nor thwest passedin hc r 1 864 . The Treason Trials of six of t Septembe , d leading Sons of Liberty in Indiana in ternber an r d of m ad Octobe , and the eath sentence three

1 “ o ncol n V . W cola and Ha Li t Li ol . 1 8 Hi nes in Ni y y f f VIII , p ; . Thom to Ben amin . a. Bison“Vol. . 6 j , . II , p 99 ; ” p “" ‘ ’ ” I here is a t deal of test irno on this subjeet in the Orip ad M

er 1 vot vi1 . See also Series I 1 v01 . 1 V . 1 . (S ies 1 ,) ( , 1 , pp 579, 79

INDEX 7 5

emocrats . D .

36 , 38

esertion rrest for D , A etroit M ich D ,

Draf t Law

Economic Sectionalism

England

Fairfield hio ount onvention The (O ) C y C .

1 0, 40

Gilles ie John “ p , Great Dug Up

2 3 9. 65. 7 1

l l , 80. 55

Hi nes a t . homas H. . 57 63 65 69 , C p T , . , H llo a Ro ert 28 o w y. b Holmes ount hio 34 C y. O 22

Huhes rch isho 9 g . A b p Huntin ton ount ndiana 80 g . C y, I Huntin ton ount ndiana emocratic onvention of 21 g C y, I , D C

28, 34, 85, 54, 60, 62. 67

l l 80. 34, 54, 60, 62, 67 , 7 0

utant General . I ndiana. Adj