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Mollusca) from North America Copyright © 2006, The Paleonlological Society ORDOVICIAN POLYPLACOPHORA (MOLLUSCA) FROM NORTH AMERICA RICHARD D. HOARE AND JOHN POJETA JR. Department of Geology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403 and U.S. Geological Survey and Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560 ABSTRACT—Abundant silicified polyplacophorans from numerous localities in the Ordovician in Kentucky and other localities in Virginia, Wisconsin, and Minnesota are described systematically. New species are: Spicuchelodes cressmani, Calceochiton floweri, Preacanthochiton baueri, Orthriochiton recavus, Helminthochiton blacki, H. marginatus, and Alastega martini; new genera and species are: Listrochiton weiri, Litochiton crebatus, and Amblytochiton incomptus; and new families are Litochitonidae and Alastegiidae. Hemithecella expansa Ulrich and Bridge in Butts, 1941 and Chelodes cf. C. mirabilis (Butts, 1926), from the Chepultepec Formation in Virginia are also described. Comparisons are made with Chelodes whitehousei Runnegar, Pojeta, Taylor, and Collins, 1979 from Australia and Calceochiton hachitae Flower, 1968 from New Mexico. Listings of the fauna associated with the chitons are given for the Kentucky occurrences; taphonomic discussions of these are included. INTRODUCTION Kentucky. Thus, although widely distributed, polyplacophorans OF ALL Paleozoic mollusks, polyplacophorans are the least form a small part of the total moUuscan fauna. The oldest poly- known and understood; this is especially true of their ear- placophoran specimen found is a single plate from the Turinian liest history in Cambrian and Ordovician rocks. For this paper we (Blackriveran) Camp Nelson Limestone; the youngest specimen, have more specimens for study than had heretofore been available also a single plate, is from the Chatfieldian Devils Hollow Mem- worldwide for Ordovician chitons. Van Belle (1983) listed 10 ge- ber of the Lexington Limestone (Frey, 1995, p. 7) (Fig. 1). All neric names that had been applied to Ordovician polyplacophor- of the specimens are Turinian or Chatfieldian (Mohawkian, Mid- ans to that date. Subsequently, at least two additional generic dle Ordovician) in age (Leslie, 2000, p. 1,124). The Kentucky names have been used (Runnegar et al., 1979; Pojeta et al., 2003). specimens are classified in five new species placed in five genera, For the specimens described here, 11 generic names are used, two of which are new (Fig. 1). Taphonomic discussion and listing three of which are new and two others which had not been applied of associated faunas are given in Appendix B and Table 13. to Ordovician chitons. This 42% increase brings the number of Morphology.—In several instances, head and tail plates are known Ordovician chiton genera to 17. present along with the more numerous intermediate plates. Head Most of the specimens available for this study were collected and tail plates are often more difficult to differentiate in the Pa- by paleontologists and geologists of the U.S. Geological Survey leoloricata than in the Neoloricata where sutural laminae and/or and Kentucky Geological Survey as part of the Cooperative Geo- insertion plates are present. Head plates range from flat to trans- logic Mapping Program of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, versely arched, semioval, being wider than long, to subrectangular 1960-1978 (Cressman and Noger, 1981). The 17 tons (15,422 kg) in shape, longer than wide. The anterior and lateral slopes diverge of limestone yielded about 200,000 silicified Ordovician inverte- from a posterior apex varying in steepness, depending on the brates (Pojeta, 1979a). The vast majority of the specimens are magnitude of arching of the posterior margin. Ventrally, the pos- from Kentucky; however, a few are from Ohio and Indiana, and terior margin bears a short apical area or ridge. Tail plates are most of these are not silicified. The bulk of these fossils have usually longer than wide, or subquadrate, but may be triangularly been described in a series of monographs published as U.S. Geo- elongate in shape, and gently to strongly arched. A mucro is com- logical Survey Professional Papers (1066A-P) edited by Pojeta monly present either at or just anterior to the posterior margin. A (1979b-1995). jugum may be present, but is uncommon. An embayment or sinus In Kentucky, the Ordovician lithostratigraphy, facies analyses, in the anterior margin may be present and an apical area is not and environments of deposition of the rock units were dealt with present. by Cressman and Karklins (1970), Cressman (1973), Cressman Preservation.—In general, the silicification of Kentucky Or- and Noger (1976), and Weir et al. (1979, 1984). This information dovician mollusks (Pojeta and Runnegar, 1979; Wahlman, 1992; was summarized by Pojeta (1979c). Frey, 1995) is not as complete, or sturdy, as that of the brachio- Biostratigraphic correlation of the Ordovician rocks of Ken- pods (Neuman, 1967; Alberstadt, 1979; Howe, 1979; Pope, 1982). tucky, Indiana, and Ohio was conducted by the faculty and stu- As a working hypothesis, it is suggested that the differences in dents at Ohio State University (Sweet, 1979; Pojeta, 1979c, 1984). silicification reflect the original mineralogy of the shells—arago- Sweet (1984), Leslie (2000), and Richardson and Bergstrom nite in most mollusks and calcite in most articulate brachiopods (2003), among others, have considered the correlation of these (Carter, 1990, p. 68, 77, 97, 117, 143, 181, 265). Other areas rocks. having silicified faunas in limestones need to be examined. This paper is the fourth in a series of monographs dealing with Diversity.—Only two or three species are known from any of the Ordovician mollusks from Kentucky and nearby states: 1) the units indicating a low stratigraphic diversity during the Or- scaphopods (Pojeta and Runnegar, 1979); 2) monoplacophorans/ dovician in the United States. Upper Paleozoic occurrences of bellerophonts (Wahlman, 1992); and 3) nautiloid cephalopods polyplacophorans often show a greater diversity (e.g., Hoare and (Frey, 1995). Incidental to other studies, the rostroconchs were Smith, 1984; Debrock et al., 1984; Hoare, 2001). Cherns (2004, described by Pojeta and Runnegar (1976) as were some of the p. 454, fig. 6) discussed and diagrammed the known diversity of pelecypods (Pojeta, 1971, 1978, 1985, 1988, 1997; Pojeta and Paleozoic paleoloricate and neoloricate chiton species and indi- Palmer, 1976; Pojeta and Runnegar, 1985). Wagner (1990, p. 109- cated a bias caused by a few detailed studies. Two major peaks 111) described a species of lophospirid gastropod. of paleoloricates. Lower Ordovician and Middle Silurian, are Fifty-five thousand silicified mollusks were obtained using the present. The present study raises the Middle Ordovician count by method of Pojeta (1979c). Of these, 1,038 (1.9%) disarticulated over 150%. silicified plates of Ordovician Polyplacophora were found from Stratigraphic summary.—The disarticulated plates from central 18 localities (Appendix A) in the Inner Blue Grass Region of Kentucky occur in Mohawkian rocks (Middle Ordovician), in 1 HOARE AND POJETA Kentucky from the Hitt Canyon Formation of the El Paso Group in New Clays Ferry Formation Mexico and Oneota Dolomite in Wisconsin; Runnegar et al. (1979) from the Gasconade Dolomite in Missouri; Stinchcomb Tanglewood and Darrough (1995) from the Gasconade Dolomite in Missouri; Millersburg ) Hoare (2000b) from the Oneota Dolomite in Minnesota and _*^'*^Limestone ^ Odenville Formation in Alabama; Pojeta et al. (2003) from the Hollow ? Forreston Member, Grand Detour Formation in Wisconsin, and Member ) Vendrasco and Runnegar (2004) from the upper Gasconade Do- Member r'SulpherWell lomite in Missouri. Member SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY Brannon Member Perryvllle The specimens included herein are reposited in the following Limestone Member places: 1) United States National Museum of Natural History Grier Virginia, Wisconsin (USNM); 2) New Mexico Museum of Natural History Limestone and Minnesota Member (NMMNH); 3) Department of Geology and Geophysics, Univer- sity of Minnesota (UMPC); and 4) Queensland Museum, Austra- Logana Member lia (QM). Eighteen localities (Appendix A) are in the Cambrian-Ordo- Curdsville Limestone Member vician register of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in Reston, - ^ c o - Virginia, followed by a four-digit number and the letters CO, e.g., Tyrone Limestone u £ c USGS 6034-CO; if the four-digit number is preceded by the letter o c CO S fc CD 'D,' the locality is in the Cambrian-Ordovician register in the Den- o oj ^ Oregon Formation uj 3: a. ver catalog, e.g., USGS D-1138-CO. Additional locahty details, XXX including exact coordinates on the pertinent USGS geologic quad- Camp Nelson Limestone rangle maps, are given in USGS Professional Papers 1066A-P. Class PoLYPLACOPHORA de Blainville, 1816 Diagnosis.—Mollusks with a head, elongated body, and dorsal shell ordinarily consisting of eight articulated plates; shell sur- rounded by a muscular mantle border that is covered by a cuticle in which spicules are embedded. Occurrence.—Upper Cambrian-Holocene. "O :£ .5 D ; ill 1 o o ^ Subclass PALEOLORICATA Bergenhayn, 1955 XXX Diagnosis.—Polyplacophorans with thick plates with large api- cal areas; shell of two calcareous layers, the outer tegmentum and FIGURE 1—Stratigraphic column for the Ordovician rocks of the Inner Blue Grass Region of central Kentucky in and around the city of Lex- the inner hypostracum; articulamentum lacking,
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