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Transfer of Veillonella Prdvot and Acidaminococcus Rogosa from Neisseriaceae to Veillonellaceae Megasphaera Rogosa in Veillonell

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Transfer of Veillonella Prdvot and Acidaminococcus Rogosa from Neisseriaceae to Veillonellaceae Megasphaera Rogosa in Veillonell INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY Vol. 21, No. 3 July 1971, pp. 231-233 Printed in U.S.A. Copyright 0 1971 International Association of Microbiological Societies Transfer of Veillonella Prdvot and Acidaminococcus Rogosa from Neisseriaceae to Veillonellaceae fam. nov., and theInclusion of Megasphaera Rogosa in Veillonellaceae MORRISON ROGOSA Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20014 Veillonellaceae (order Eubacteriales) is proposed as the name of a new family to include three genera of presently known, anaerobic, gram-negative, coccal bacteria. It is herein proposed that Veillonella Prdvot 1933 and Acidaminococcus Rogosa 1969 be transferred from Neisseri- aceae and be included together with Megasphaera Rogosa 1971 in Veillonellaceae fam. nov. The type genus is VeilZonella PrCvot. Presently the family Neisseriaceae contains Veillonella, is anaerobic. Although Neisseri- genera which have contrasting characteristics. aceae was revised by Murray and Branham (8) There are genera whose organisms are either and by Branham, Pelczar, and Murray (3) who aerobic or anaerobic and exhibit great differ- added some detail, Veillonella has remained in ences in terminal-respiration mechanisms, bio- the family Neisseriaceae since the original chemical pathways, attack on substrates, and Prdvot publication in 1933. genetic makeup. In order to group similar Besides Veillonella, other recently studied organisms together, it is here proposed that gram-negative cocci such as Acidarninococcus Veillonella Pr6vot 1933 and Acidaminococcus (12) and Megasphaera (13) present a problem Rogosa 1969 be transferred from Neisseriaceae because they, too, are anaerobic. Previously, Prdvot 1933 to Veillonellaceae fam. nov. It is Acidaminococcus had been placed in Neisseri- also proposed that the recently described and aceae by Rogosa (12). Megasphaera has not yet named genus Megasphaera Rogosa 1971 be been allocated to any family (1 3). placed in Veillonellaceae. This arrangement Recently Catlin (4) ably summarized the takes advantage of the remarkable general genetic and other evidence showing the scientific progress since 1933 and effects a distinctness of Neisseria catawhalis from the more reasonable placement of the gram- type species and other species of Neisseria and negative, aerobic cocci in Neisseriaceae and of proposed the transfer of N. catarrhalis to a new the gram-negative, anaerobic cocci in Veillonel- genus, Branhamella (type species: Branhamella laceae. catarrhalis within Neisseriaceae). The so-called The family Neisseriaceae was named by “false neisserias” (branhamellas and acinet o- Prdvot (9) on p. 100 as Neisseriacies (nouv. bacters) and/or “moraxellas” historically have fam.) and was described on p. 119 as follows: been in a confused status; very similar “Position dans la systematique.-Avec le organisms have been given names spreading genre Neisseria TREVISAN, il [ Veillonella] through diverse genera and families ( 1, 2, 18). forme la nouvelle famille des Neisseriacdes, ou Baumann et al. (1 , 2) have comprehensively Cocci Gram-ndgatifs, que nous subdivision en studied and described such organisms under the deux tribus: names Moraxella (for the oxidase-positive Neisseriacdes (n. fam.) Neisserides : genre strains) and Acinetobacter (for the oxidase- unique Neisseria. Veillonelle‘es: genre unique negative strains). However, they were not Veillonella. ” concerned with the position of these genera in This is the extent of the description of the higher taxa such as families, and they offered family Neisseriaceae, although from the context no discussion or opinions in this regard. it is clear that one of the genera in this family, There seems to be some agreement (1, 18) 23 1 ROGOSA INT. J. SYST. BACTERIOL. I I+ on MoraxelZa as the generic name for certain oxidase-positive, short, plump diplobacilli or coccobacilli and on Acinetobacter [ syno- I I+ (2) nym: Lingelsheimia (18)] for the oxidase- negative organisms. A family Moraxellaceae I ++ Ryter and PiCchaud 1963 has been proposed (17) to include Moraxella and Acinetobacter. + If However, if rods and cocci could be included in one family as in Lactobacillaceae, for example, there is probably no formal reason why + ++ Moraxella and Acinetobacter could not be included in Neisseriaceae, provided this family + I +I is appropriately redefined. This would at least have the virtue of gathering together four genera with aerobic metabolism , namely, + ++ Neisseria, Branhamella, Moraxella, and Acineto- bacter. This arrangement is consistent with the recent recommendation of the Subcommittee + I1 on the Taxonomy of Moraxella and Allied Bacteria of the International Committee on Nomenclature of Bacteria (7). Enormous unresolved nomenclatural prob- + I+ lems obviously exist. It is not my purpose to wander further in this thicket of problems where international experts have been unable to agree among themselves. However, it does not seem wise to include genera like Neisseria, I +I Branhamella, Veillonella, and Acidamino- coccus, with such divergent aerobic and anaerobic metabolisms, in a single family. Therefore, it is proposed that the genera + I+ Veillonella Prkvot 1933 and Acidarninococcus Rogosa 1969, the latter having been placed in Neisseriaceae by Rogosa (12), be transferred to VeilZonellaceae fam. nov. This family also includes the genus Megasphaera Rogosa 197 1. 3 A description of this new family, which is I I+ + placed in the order Eubacteriales, follows. U Veillonellaceae fam. nov. cd Veil.lo.nel.la'ce.ae. M.L. fern. n. Veillonella 8 type genus of the family;-aceae ending to n denote a family; M.L. fem.pl.n. VeillonelZaceae E, the Veillonella family. I- Cocci, varying in diameter from small (ca. 0.3 to 0.5 pm) to large (ca.. 2.5 pm); occur characteristically in pairs; single cells, masses, or chains may also occur, although the chains may show gaps, illustrating the basic diplococcal arrangement. Adjacent sides of cell pairs may be flattened. No endospores. Nonmotile; no m 1 flagella. Gram-negative but may have tendency 5 to resist decolorization. Anaerobic. Cyto- c3 chrome oxidase negative. Catalase negative, but some strains decompose peroxide by means of a pseudocatalase (nonheme containing). Chemoor- ganotrophic. Possess complex nutritional re- quirements. Gas is produced, frequently abun- VOL. 21,1971 PROPOSAL FOR NEW FAMILY VEILLONELLACEAE 233 dantly, in culture. Carbohydrates may or may forming organism isolated from the rumen of not be fermented. Lactic acid may not be pro- sheep. J. Bacteriol. 72:681689. duced and if present is not a major product; lac- 6. Gutierrez, J., R. E. Davis, I. L. Lindahl, and E. J. tate is fermented by some genera with the pro- Warwick. 1959. Bacterial changes in the rumen duction of C02, H2, and various lower volatile during the onset of feed-lot bloat of cattle and fatty acids containing 2 to 6 C atoms. characteristics of Peptostreptococcus elsdenii n. sp. Appl. Microbiol. 7: 16-22. Parasites of homothermic animals such as 7. Lessel, E. F. (Secretary). 1971. International man, ruminants, rodents, and pigs, particularly Committee on Nomenclature of Bacteria, found in the alimentary tract. Subcommittee on the Taxonomy of Moraxella The type genus is Veillonella Pr6vot 1933. and Allied Bacteria, Minutes of the Meeting. Int. The genera of Veillonellaceae are: J. Syst. Bacteriol. 21:213-214. 1. Veillonella Privot, 1933. 8. Murray, E. G. D., and S. E. Branham (ed.). 1948. Type species: V. pawula (Veillon and Zuber, In Bergey’s manual of determinative bacteri- 1898) Prdvot, 1933. ology, 6th ed., p. 295. The Williams & Wilkins Objective synonym: Staphylococcus par- Co., Baltimore. 9. Prdvot, A. R. 1933. ktudes de systdmatique vulus Veillon and Zuber, 1898, 542. bact6rienne. I. Lois gCn6rales. -11 Cocci ana6- Descriptions of genus, type species, and robies. Ann. Sci. Natur. Bot. 15:23-258. serotype strains were corrected and up-dated by 10. Rogosa, M. 1964. The genus Veillonella. I. Rogosa [ 1 1, 14-16 (see especially reference General cultural, ecological, and biochemical 1111 - considerations. J. Bacteriol. 87: 162-170. 2. Acidarninococcus Rogosa, 1969. 11. Rogosa, M. 1965. The genus Veillonella. IV. Type species: A. fermentans Rogosa 1969. Serological groupings, and genus and species Descriptions of genus, type species, and type emendations. J. Bacteriol. 90:704-709. strain by Rogosa (12). 12. Rogosa, M. 1969. Acidaminococcus gen. n., 3. Megasphaera Rogosa, 197 1. Acidaminococcus fermentans sp. n., anaerobic gram-negative diplococci using amino acids as Type species: M. elsdenii Rogosa 197 1. the sole energy source for growth. J. Bacteriol. Synonyms: Organism LC of Elsden et al. 98 :756-766. 1956. Peptostreptococcus elsdenii Gutierrez et 13. Rogosa, M. 1971. Transfer of Peptostreptococcus al. 1959. elsdenii Guiterrex et al. to a new genus, Descriptions of genus, type species, and type Megasphaera [M.elsdenii (Gutierrez et al.) strain up-dated by Rogosa (13). comb. nov.]. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 21:187-189. 14. Rogosa, M., and F. S. Bishop. 1964. The genus Veillonella. 11. Nutritional studies. J. Bacteriol. LITERATURE CITED 87~574-580. 15. Rogosa, M., and F. S. Bishop. 1964. The genus 1. Baumann P., M. Doudoroff, and R. Y. Stanier. Veillonella. III. Hydrogen sulfide production by 1968. Study of the Moraxella group. I. Genus growing cultures. J. Bacteriol. 88:3741. Moraxella and the Neisseria catarrhalis group. J. 16. Rogosa, M., M. I. Krichevsky, and F. S.
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