BUILDING A GLOBAL KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY: SCIENCE COMMUNICATION AND COLLABORATION

AAAS ANNUAL REPORT 2012 The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) is the world’s largest general scientific society, and publisher of the journal Science (www.sciencemag.org) as well as Science Translational Medicine (www.sciencetranslationalmedicine.org) and Science Signaling (www.sciencesignaling.org). AAAS was founded in 1848 and includes some 261 affiliated societies and academies of science, serving 10 million individuals. Science has the largest paid circulation of any peer-reviewed general science journal in the world, with an estimated total readership of 1 million. The non-profit AAAS (www.aaas.org) is open to all and fulfills its mission to “advance science and serve society” through initiatives in science policy; international programs; science education; and more. For the latest research news, log onto EurekAlert!, www.eurekalert.org, the premier science-news Web site, a service of AAAS.

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On the Cover: Even the seemingly pristine Galápagos Islands, one of the most biologically rich and diverse ecosystems on the planet, face increasing threats as a result of climate change, water pollution, invasive plants and animals and other challenges related to human activities. This famous view of Pinnacle Rock on Bartholomew Island was captured in February 2013 by Alan I. Leshner. An extinct volcano, Bartholomew Island features colorful lava formations and wildlife such as blue-footed boobies, Pacific green sea turtles, sea lions and a rare colony of Galápagos penguins. Pinnacle Rock (on the right) is a spear- shaped obelisk known as a “tuff cone,” formed when sea water cooled volcanic magma, triggering an explosion that resulted in a huge igneous rock comprised of many thin layers of basalt.

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Welcome Letter by Nina V. Fedoroff and Alan I. Leshner ...... 2 Public Statements on Key Issues ...... 4 Media and Public Engagement ...... 8 Science Diplomacy Worldwide ...... 11 Science, Policy and Society ...... 14 AAAS MemberCentral ...... 17 U.S. Government Relations ...... 18 Science, Technology and Security Policy ...... 20 The Science Family of Journals ...... 23 Improving Science Literacy ...... 27 Education, Outreach and Careers ...... 29 AAAS Divisions ...... 31 Special Gifts and Projects 2012 ...... 33 AAAS Awards and Prizes ...... 35 AAAS Fellows ...... 38 Acknowledgment of Contributors and Patron Members ...... 41 Financial Summary ...... 52 AAAS Board of Directors, Offi cers and Information ...... 53 Welcome from the AAAS Chair, Nina V. Fedoroff, and the CEO, Alan I. Leshner

Scientifi c evidence tells us replay, log onto http://www.aaas.org/go/ unambiguously that global rosling.) Turn to pages 8-10 for details on the climate change is real and hap- association’s many communication and public pening now, and it is related engagement efforts. to human activities, yet there International research collaboration is also is still a disconnect between a key to leveraging science in the service of the facts and some people’s society. Science diplomacy, in particular, can beliefs. Warmer temperatures speed advances, even amid tense governmen- have already affected corn, tal relations, as shared research goals help to wheat, rice and soybean yields, which decline build a bridge between nations. AAAS in 2012 by roughly 10 percent in response to each demonstrated the promise of this basic prin- additional degree of heat. And yet the world’s ciple by dispatching delegations to Iran, North food supply needs to double as the human Korea, Burma and Cuba, and by launching a population pushes toward 9 billion by mid- new online publication, Science & Diplomacy. century. Crops engineered to resist drought In Iran, for example, which is known for advanc- and pests suggest a way to feed hungry es in medical and stem cell research, former people while protecting natural resources. AAAS President and Nobel laureate Peter Sadly, unfounded public fears about modifi ed Agre joined AAAS Senior Advisor Norman foods have persisted. Meanwhile, farmland P. Neureiter for meetings with President all over the world has succumbed to overuse, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and others. “It is a drought and wildfi res. strategy of engagement,” Neureiter explained Clearly, pursuing new scientifi c knowledge to popular WAMU-FM radio show host Kojo for its own sake is not enough. Too many Nnamdi after the Iran trip. “You fi nd common people remain unconvinced of the reality of issues in science that you can work on.” climate change and unconcerned about other Scientifi c discovery is increasingly an inter- urgent problems such as water scarcity and national, multidisciplinary enterprise. At the disappearing species. Scientists, engineers same time, fi nding innovative ways to sustain and educators must effectively communicate more and more people in the 21st century science in order to accelerate the pace of posi- will require a diversity of ideas from many tive change worldwide. regions. Read about AAAS international work Strategies for infl uencing public percep- on pages 11-13. tions about science-based challenges were The AAAS Science and Technology Policy the focus of a lively, interactive event that took Fellowships, dating to 1973, were established place during the 2012 AAAS Annual Meeting in to bring scientifi c expertise to bear on the U.S. Vancouver, Canada. A panel of experts, moder- policy-making process. Today, more than 2,500 ated by award-winning journalist Frank Sesno, alumni of the program are making meaning- director of the School of Media and Public Af- ful contributions to global challenges, too, fairs at George Washington University, offered including efforts to combat hunger, disease insights for communicating about climate and ecological threats. AAAS S&T Policy Fel- change, the world’s increasing human popula- lows have provided crucial data in support of tion, evolution and more. The event, featuring the Endangered Species Act, for example. They audience surveys and online feedback, also have also participated in a federal task force included Hans Rosling’s unique demonstra- on climate change adaptation, worked on a re- tion of global population trends. (For a video covery and reconstruction project in Haiti, and

2 helped to establish a digital research library and Human Resources are working to improve for Iraqi scientists. Alumni of the program have U.S. science education. The association’s ef- risen to high-impact positions in Congress, the forts to promote science literacy—encompass- White House, the State Department, USAID, ing new assessment tools, lesson plans and federal agencies, research universities and scholarships for teachers, plus major network- non-governmental organizations. ing events and presentation opportunities for Pages 14-15 and 18-19 of this report early-career researchers—are described on offer more information on the S&T Policy pages 27-30. An update on Science Careers, Fellowships as well as the association’s our comprehensive online resource for science many other science policy-related programs. job seekers and employers, has also been Those ongoing activities include a highly included there. effective Research Competitiveness Program The Science family of journals, published that promotes economic progress by helping by AAAS, continued in 2012 to convey origi- universities, state agencies and other institu- nal, peer-reviewed research with potential to tions translate ideas into commercial services improve human welfare. (See pages 23-26.) and products. Communicating the connection Pioneering studies of H5N1 avian infl uenza between research investments, innovation set the stage for the development of anti- and job growth also remains a primary goal for virals and vaccines, which will be essential in AAAS science policy and government relations the event of a pandemic. Other research and staff. In 2012, AAAS provided authoritative, news articles published by Science, Science unbiased analyses of federal R&D funding Translational Medicine and Science Signaling trends, and organized events to inform public advanced our understanding of drug-resistant discourse on topics such as water conserva- malaria in Southeast Asia, HIV-AIDS in America tion, climate change and agricultural advanc- and key genetic mechanisms that could lead to es. The four geographic divisions of AAAS con- more robust, productive rice crops. vened regional meetings on topics including We gratefully acknowledge the efforts of sustainable design and human health issues many researchers who are both achieving in the Arctic (see pages 31-32). and communicating life-changing discoveries. Project 2061, the association’s renowned With your help, AAAS will continue to play an science-education reform initiative, and ex- important role in building a global knowledge perts like Shirley Malcom of AAAS Education society for the 21st century.

Nina V. Fedoroff Alan I. Leshner AAAS Chair (2012-2013) and Distinguished AAAS CEO and Executive Publisher, Professor of Biosciences at the King Abdullah Science, Science Translational Medicine University of Science and Technology, and Science Signaling Saudi Arabia, and Evan Pugh Professor in the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University

3 Public Statements on Key Issues The association in 2012 repeatedly urged U.S. congressional leaders and the White House to avoid sweeping budget cuts that would cripple key areas of American science and slow innova- tion. An automatic “sequestration” of resources would pose an unprecedented risk to the U.S. scientifi c enterprise, deeply slash- ing the country’s overall research and development investment, AAAS warned at events on Capitol Hill and in letters to policy- makers as well as The New York Times. Through op-ed pieces and interviews, AAAS also called for action on climate change and K-12 science education while promoting science diplomacy.

WAMU-FM radio show GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE INNOVATION AND GLOBAL COLLABORATION host Kojo Nnamdi (second 1 August. Too many people still refuse to accept 10 February. Increasingly, innovation will hinge from left) moderated a program on science diplo- the scientifi c facts about global climate change, upon international research collaboration as macy that featured AAAS a point refl ected in the decision of North Caro- modern science becomes an ever more global Senior Advisor Norman P. Neureiter (at right), Lehigh lina’s legislature to disregard scientifi c projec- enterprise, transcending national boundaries, University President and tions of sea-level rise, AAAS CEO Alan I. Leshner the AAAS CEO wrote in a Vancouver Sun op-ed U.S. Science Envoy Alice wrote in a (Raleigh) News & Observer op-ed. co-authored by Stephen Toope, president and Gast, and Alex Dehgan, science and technology The piece, co-authored by climate scientist Wil- vice-chancellor of the University of British Co- Advisor to the Administra- liam L. Chameides of Duke University, empha- lumbia. The op-ed was published in advance of tor of the U.S. Agency for sized that “climate change is real, it is under- the 2012 AAAS Annual Meeting in Vancouver. International Development. way now, and humans are contributing to it.” “Globally, our support for basic science and international collaborations must not waver,” Toope and Leshner wrote.

SCIENCE DIPLOMACY 25 June. Popular radio show host Kojo Nnamdi organized an on-air discussion about science diplomacy following a successful AAAS trip to Iran. Nnamdi’s guests were Norman Neureiter, senior advisor to the AAAS Center for Science Diplomacy; Lehigh University President and former AAAS Board member Alice Gast; and former AAAS S&T Policy Fellow Alex Dehgan, science and technology advisor to the Admin- istrator of the U.S. Agency for International De- velopment. Listen at www.aaas.org/go/kojo/.

SCIENCE EDUCATION AND SOCIETY 13 December. With many U.S. school children

4 continuing to lag behind their international public health, or optional labels such peers in mathematics and science, parents as the “kosher” or “USDA organic” labels must demand that schools do better by their that support consumer decision-making and children, according to a nonpartisan commit- refl ect verifi able, certifi able standards. In tee organized by the Center for the Study of contrast, legally mandated labels, under cur- the Presidency and Congress. The committee’s rent U.S. Food and Drug Administration policy, report, “A Letter on STEM Education to Amer- must be relevant to health, safety and nutri- ica’s Parents,” was released at AAAS. Shirley tion, AAAS explained. The Board concluded Malcom, head of AAAS Education and Human that there is no scientifi c evidence to support Resources, served on the study committee. such a warning about GM foods.

13 August. Diverse learning environments offer THE SCIENTIFIC ENTERPRISE educational benefi ts to both minority and ma- 2 December. U.S. scientifi c advances are being jority students, AAAS and seven other scientif- slowed by “excessive, redundant, ineffec- ic societies wrote in a legal brief submitted to tive reporting and assurance requirements the U.S. Supreme Court as it prepared to hear imposed both by government agencies and a challenge to a university’s diversity-recruit- the universities where research is being con- ment efforts. The document, submitted by the ducted,” the AAAS CEO wrote in a 2 Decem- American Educational Research Association, ber commentary in The Chronicle of Higher summarized peer-reviewed scientifi c evidence Education. The essay, co-authored by Steven relevant to the case of Fisher v. University of J. Fluharty, senior vice provost for research at Texas at Austin. the University of Pennsylvania, concluded that “such wastefulness is unacceptable” at a time 27 March. AAAS urged Tennessee Gov. Bill of severely constrained budgets. Haslam to veto a controversial education bill that would call into question the well-estab- 9 September. A Washington Post op-ed by the lished scientifi c facts behind evolution and AAAS CEO and U.S. Representative Jim Cooper global climate change by encouraging teachers (D-Tennessee) said that it’s time for Americans to present the “scientifi c strengths and scien- to get serious about basic science and stop tifi c weaknesses” of issues that “may cause mocking research projects with unusual titles. debate and disputation.”

21 March. The association also expressed concern over proposed Oklahoma legislation that would encourage the state’s public school teachers to question the well-established science behind evolution and global climate change.

SCIENCE POLICY AND SOCIETY 20 October. Foods containing ingredients from genetically modifi ed (GM) crops pose no greater risk than the same foods made from crops modifi ed by conventional plant breed- ing techniques, the AAAS Board of Directors concluded. Legally mandating labels on GM foods could therefore “mislead and falsely alarm consumers,” the Board’s statement said. The association emphasized that it was not opposed to labeling intended to protect

5 The United States may risk falling behind in 9 May. AAAS responded to an amendment that scientifi c discoveries as other countries increase would eliminate funding for National Science their science funding, the authors wrote in a Foundation political science research by send- piece that celebrated the winners of the fi rst- ing letters to key House and Senate contacts, ever Golden Goose Awards. The op-ed was urging them to protect the integrity of the scien- republished by multiple other media outlets. tifi c enterprise.

8 June. AAAS issued a public statement in 18 January. The association reaffi rmed its sup- support of a proposed International Science port for the existing public access policy of the and Technology Cooperation Act, which would U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH), and establish an interagency committee, under the announced its opposition to the Research Works direction of the National Science and Technol- Act. That legislation would prevent the NIH from ogy Council, to coordinate and improve the requiring its grantees to make biomedical re- effi ciency of U.S. research efforts. search fi ndings freely available via the National Library of Medicine’s Web site. 18 May. In letters to U.S. House and Senate leaders, AAAS and other scientifi c organizations 12 January. AAAS provided input to the White expressed “deep concern” regarding amend- House Offi ce of Science and Technology Policy ments that would place severe restrictions on on public access to peer-reviewed publications the ability of government employees to at- resulting from federally funded research. De- tend conferences. Such an amendment would veloping public access policies should involve “inadvertently impede the free fl ow of scientifi c engagement by stakeholders with a range of information and the professional development perspectives, including non-profi t publishers of scientists and engineers,” the letter said. such as AAAS.

U.S. FEDERAL R&D FUNDING 17 December. AAAS sent letters to President Barack Obama and Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives John Boehner (R-Ohio), urging them to “work together to achieve a bipartisan compromise that avoids the fi scal cliff and moves the country onto solid fi scal footing with- out sacrifi cing our nation’s crucial investments in science and technology.”

7 December. The association and 126 partner groups called on the White House and congres- sional leaders to strike a balanced compromise on the looming fi scal cliff and avoid harming research efforts.

7 December. AAAS rallied its members and others concerned about American innova- tion to share video and text messages on how sweeping budget cuts could negatively impact

6 scientifi c progress. The “Speak Up for Science” CEO and Kent Kresa, chairman emeritus of the campaign helped to illustrate the potential ef- Northrop Grumman Corporation and chair- fects of a budget sequestration. man of the Board of Trustees of the California Institute of Technology, was distributed by the 19 November. In a letter to The New York Times, McClatchy news wire and republished by a half- the AAAS CEO urged researchers and citizens to dozen other media outlets. oppose sweeping budget cuts that threatened U.S. research and development as part of a 12 July. AAAS joined more than 3,000 national, budget sequestration. “Hope is not enough,” state and local organizations in warning mem- he wrote. “Every scientist, and anyone else who bers of Congress and President Obama that cares about future prosperity and quality of life, automatic budget cuts would have devastating must speak up for science now.” effects on research.

27 September. Governments must continue robust funding for basic research if they are to reap the economic benefi ts of science and technology innovation, the AAAS CEO wrote in the German newspaper Die Zeit. The piece was published in advance of his appearance at the Falling Walls Conference.

27 September. In an op-ed, AAAS warned that across-the-board budget cuts under a seques- tration scenario could cripple key areas of science. The piece, co-authored by the AAAS

7 Media and Public Engagement The value of positive interaction between the scientifi c commu- nity and the general public cannot be underestimated. Progress toward solving some of our world’s most critical problems de- pends equally on the innovations of science and the ability of science experts to communicate and gain public support for their fi ndings. AAAS, through its sophisticated yet highly accessible Annual Meeting, its extensive participation in science events for the public, and its varied public outreach programs, helps to make the world of science accessible to all.

2012 AAAS ANNUAL MEETING the world’s population grows and climate Held in Vancouver, British Columbia, the 2012 change endangers the Earth’s limited supply AAAS Annual Meeting urged the scientifi c of arable land. community to reach out, across national New ways to reach the public through borders and diverse belief systems, to help traditional and online media on issues such as develop and gain support for solutions to the climate change headlined a plenary event pre- world’s most urgent problems. AAAS Presi- sented by a panel of renowned science com- dent Nina Fedoroff (shown below) emphasized municators. Other presentations focused on that scientists in developed and developing wide-ranging subjects, from carbon storage to nations must collaborate to combat problems synthetic hamburgers, to the lag in women’s such as the threat of widespread hunger as participation in the science and engineering workforce and leadership positions. The Meeting’s Family Science Days brought more than 6,387 attendees who enjoyed exploring alien planets, sea creatures and rocketry at table-top laboratories, as well as meeting and talking with scientists. The 2012 meeting also drew 4,420 general delegates and 760 journalists, bringing the total atten- dance to 11,567 attendees.

USA SCIENCE & ENGINEERING FESTIVAL AAAS provided thousands of jelly beans—and a memorable learning experience about how taste and smell interact—at the second USA Science & Engineering Festival, the nation’s largest science festival, of which AAAS is a founding partner. The giant, colorful 3-D mod- els of a mouth, nose, ear, fi nger and eyeball

representing the different interactive stations JESSETHIS PAGE: KARRAS; JESSE OPPOSITE PAGE: KARRAS JANEL KILEY (TOP); (BOTTOM)

8 Media and Public Engagement

of “The Science of our Senses” exhibit, hosted During the stage shows, scientists wowed Family Science Days by AAAS Education and Human Resources, an audience with dynamic presentations. drew more than 6,387 attendees to the 2012 drew excited youngsters and parents to the Afterward, audience members spoke one-on- AAAS Annual Meeting in two-day expo event, as did the association’s one with the scientists and asked questions. Vancouver, B.C. popular “Meet the Scientists!” stage shows, Staying with the theme of the senses, the organized by the Offi ce of Public Programs. show featured experts researching the science of perception, encompassing topics from how babies make sense of sound to how robots sense touch.

ART GALLERY A discussion exploring the complex problem of worldwide waste was just one example of how the AAAS Art Gallery used art as an entrée to the world of science and technology in 2012. Hosting the “Disposable Culture” exhibit, which was inspired by a special “Working with Waste” edition of the journal Science, the gallery featured fi ve artists who are reintroduc- ing cast-off items to our world through art. The discussion brought experts from different fi elds who spoke about the innovative work being done to address the issue of accumulat- ing waste. Other 2012 exhibitions focused on the historical, scientifi c and global impacts of malaria, and the need to protect what lies beneath the surface of the oceans. The gallery is an outgrowth of the AAAS Art of Science and Technology Program, which was

THIS PAGE: JESSETHIS PAGE: KARRAS; JESSE OPPOSITE PAGE: KARRAS JANEL KILEY (TOP); (BOTTOM) created to further public engagement with sci-

9 At right: Award-winning journalist Frank Sesno, director of the School of Media and Public Affairs at George Washington University (foreground, left) moderated “Science is Not Enough,” an interac- tive science communica- tion event featuring Hans Rosling (right), James Hansen and Olivia Judson.

Below: The AAAS Art Gal- lery’s multimedia exhibit, “Malaria: Blood, Sweat and Tears,” organized in cooperation with the inter- national nonprofi t Malaria Consortium, featured the work of photojournalist Adam Nadel.

ence and technology by using art as a medium The tips and tools provided by AAAS for the presentation of scientifi c themes. workshops seek to foster information-sharing and respect between the scientifi c commu- COMMUNICATING SCIENCE WORKSHOPS nity and the public, which is crucial to the Being able to effectively communicate sci- communication of critical issues such as the ence to the public, policymakers and report- environment and health. The workshops ers is a critical skill for scientists and engi- help scientists to conduct media interviews, neers. AAAS organized an array of workshops participate in public forums, and otherwise and talks in 2012 for scientists at the AAAS explain scientifi c information in a comprehen- Annual Meeting, the annual meeting of the sible and engaging way. American Society of Plant Biologists, the Geological Society of America Annual Meet- SENIOR SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS ing, the University of Illinois at Urbana-Cham- Students in Mary Yeates’ high-school classes paign, and Virginia Commonwealth University, in Montgomery County, Maryland, are being among others. The workshops reached more taught to think like junior engineers. Partly, than 420 scientists. they have AAAS volunteer Senior Scientists and Engineers (SSE) to thank—for providing Gerry Klebe, an aeronautical engineer who spends quite a bit of his time collaborating with Yeates. “We really ended up transforming the class,” Yeates said. “I’m the CEO, and he’s my senior consultant, and we have manage- ment meetings.” The professional input offered by the SSE volunteers comes at a crucial moment in sci- ence education, as updated science educa- tion standards emphasize the importance of instruction in engineering skills as well as hands-on learning and understanding process-

es over memorizing information. LEMPINEN CARLAEDWARDW. (TOP); SCHAFFER (BOTTOM) WANG TOM

10 Science Diplomacy Worldwide Over the past few years, an important focus of AAAS international activities has been in the emerging area of science diplomacy. Such efforts demonstrate that progress in both scientifi c endeavor and international relations occurs when members of the global scientifi c community engage across borders. Even when diplomatic and political ties are strained between nations, the association’s strategy of scientifi c engagement helps scientists reach out to one another in the interests of their common pursuits, often with the goal of improving the lives of people around the world.

SCIENCE & DIPLOMACY PUBLICATION LAUNCHED Sumaya bint El Hassan, president of the Royal The freely available online publication Scientifi c Society, wrote in the September 2012 AAAS staffers Norman Neureiter and Vaughan Science & Diplomacy was developed by the issue of Science & Diplomacy that “only scien- Turekian met with AAAS Center for Science Diplomacy to pro- tifi c ingenuity, with the support of diplomatic representatives of seven mote interaction between the communities creativity and drive, can respond to the defi n- government ministries in Myanmar. of scientifi c research and foreign policy. In its ing challenges of our 21st century.” fi rst year, it tackled topics ranging from the U.S. Administration’s role in preparing for a global pandemic, to the need for international science collaboration on issues involving food, water and energy. The 2012 issues of the publication show- cased many high-level expert authors, who described international projects that have advanced science while accruing benefi ts to the countries involved. As an example, one article looked at how U.S. science associations and top universities are helping to shift the U.S.-Myanmar relationship from one of tension to socially benefi cial cooperation. Two other articles examined science outreach conducted through AAAS and other organizations to the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK). A third looked at using engineering diplo- macy to encourage productive relationships between the United States and nations in the Middle East and the Caucasus. Referring to the need for globally oriented

EDWARD W. LEMPINEN CARLAEDWARDW. (TOP); SCHAFFER (BOTTOM) WANG TOM science-based innovation, Jordanian Princess

11 Above left and middle: AAAS DELEGATION VISITS NORTH KOREA GOODWILL TRIP TO MYANMAR AAAS science diplomats An international delegation co-organized by As Myanmar, also known as Burma, discussed potential areas of research collaboration AAAS made a rare, weeklong visit to the DPRK, transitioned toward democracy, AAAS con- and learned about Myan- or North Korea, to exchange information about tinued its science diplomacy efforts with the mar’s current scientifi c capacity. environmental challenges related to agricul- Southeast Asian country. Following up on the ture and deforestation. visit of a AAAS-led delegation in 2010, Chief Above right: Former AAAS “Cooperating with DPRK scientists in their International Offi cer Vaughan Turekian, direc- President Peter Agre (cen- ter, with cane) was joined reforestation projects while we learn from each tor of the AAAS Center for Science Diplomacy, by Mary Agre, AAAS senior other is a worthy objective,” said botanist and Neureiter, the Center’s senior advisor, advisor Norman Neureiter and former AAAS President Peter Raven, who led another visit including U.S. university (second from left) and distinguished members of made the trip with an international group of 13 researchers and other U.S. scientifi c society Iran’s scientifi c commu- researchers in forestry, river reclamation, soils representatives to the rapidly transforming nity during a 2012 science and agriculture. “Not only will it help in start- country in 2012, meeting with representatives diplomacy visit. ing to come together for our common benefi t, of seven government ministries, including the but it can be worthwhile both scientifi cally nation’s health minister. Specifi c collabora- and, we hope, in relieving human suffering tions were identifi ed in the areas of forest during the years to come.” research and laboratory capacity-building in The visit was jointly organized by AAAS the biological sciences. and the Beijing-based Environmental Educa- tion Media Project. It was hosted by a DPRK REACHING OUT TO CUBAN RESEARCHERS non-governmental organization that sets up AAAS continued to explore the enormous international exchanges and cooperation. potential of U.S.-Cuba collaboration in scien- The visit “exposes scientists from the DPRK tifi c areas ranging from malaria research, to to the kinds of research activity going on in environmental issues, to weather. Work on other parts of the world, where they generally establishing such collaboration followed on don’t have any contacts,” said Norman P. Neu- AAAS visits to the island nation that began reiter, senior advisor to the AAAS Center for in 2009 and—at least partly because of the Science Diplomacy, who was making his third many shared concerns of the United States recent visit to the country. “And our people and its nearby neighbor—grew substantially,

learn something about their country.” involving 18 independent scientists in a AAAS- ANDLEFT WANG; ABOLHASSAN RIGHT: MIDDLE:VAFAI TOM

12 organized visit that took place at the end the country, the visit demonstrated the of 2011. opportunity for scientists from the United “Given the proximity of Cuba, when you’re States and Iran to establish a dialogue. talking about atmospheric or marine science, Calling the exchange a “milestone,” Abolhas- if it travels to Cuba, it travels to the Southeast san Vafai, a professor at Sharif University of coast of the United States. If it spawns off Technology, said the meetings “created a very the coast of Cuba, it is caught or affected by conducive and fruitful atmosphere for estab- currents that go into the United States,” said lishing scientifi c dialogue between the two AAAS Center for Science Diplomacy Director nations.” The delegation was also invited to Turekian. meet briefl y with Iranian President Mahmoud In March 2012, Peter Agre, former AAAS Ahmadinejad. president and a Nobel laureate in chemistry, Iran’s sophisticated science sector focuses traveled to Cuba to speak at Biotechnology on medical and stem cell research, petroleum Havana 2012, an international event that engineering, space exploration and nanotech- focused on medical applications of biotech. nology. Many Iranian scientists have been “The recent visits showed that the Cuban educated in the United States or Europe. The mindset is really ready to reach out,” said U.S. National Academy of Sciences fosters Agre. “The Cubans are understandably proud cooperation with the Iranian Academy, with of their science, and they see us very posi- seminars and workshops held in Iran, the tively. I would anticipate if we could normalize United States and other countries. relations and do science as a starting point, After the delegation returned, Center for then really good things could happen.” Science Diplomacy senior advisor Neureiter spoke about the trip and its value as a dip- ENGAGING IRAN lomatic effort on The Kojo Nnamdi Show on A small AAAS delegation made a weeklong WAMU-FM in Washington, D.C. visit to Iran, speaking at elite universities and meeting government and science policy of- fi cials, scholars and students Despite tensions surrounding Iran’s nuclear

LEFT ANDLEFT WANG; ABOLHASSAN RIGHT: MIDDLE:VAFAI TOM programs and Western economic sanctions on

13 Science, Policy and Society The AAAS Center of Science, Policy and Society Programs (CSPSP) engages with the world of science policy through a successful program for science and technology fellows in government and an annual high-level science policy forum known for its astute analysis and information. The center also provides scientifi c expertise to support human rights and to uphold the quality of scientifi c endeavors. CSPSP further addresses the implications of science and engineering in public policy, the law and religion.

S&T POLICY FELLOWSHIPS APPROACH THE BIG 4-0 Senator Jeff Bingaman (D-New Mexico) called As it neared its 40th anniversary, the AAAS Sci- on them to help protect America’s contribution ence & Technology Policy Fellowships program to science and engineering research in an era continued its dual mission of bringing scientifi c in which he said bipartisan support for it is expertise to the world of government policy and dwindling, and as some members of Congress political savvy to the science professions. Be- believe that any new investment in research gun in 1973 with just seven science fellows, the needs to be paid for by cutting research else- program in 2012 welcomed 279 fellows (shown where in the budget. below), who will serve one or two years in con- “You’ll be well-positioned to facilitate bipar- gressional and executive branch positions. tisan discussions that we need to be having on As the newest fellows began their program, a daily basis about how we can continue to ad- BRAINS: OF MCKEE: ANN BOB ROEHR; RCP MCKEE; PHOTO

14 Several units of AAAS, in collaboration with The Dana Foundation, organized a series of events for Congressional, public and legal audiences on the implications of advances in neuroscience. The series encompassed poverty’s impacts on the brain, for instance, and what science has told us so far about Alzheimer’s disease, early-onset dementia, brain injuries and mental illness. At one briefi ng, Martha Farah of the University of Pennsylvania (right, bottom) said children growing up in impoverished conditions with limited cognitive stimulation and high levels of stress may be “more likely to grow up with compromised physical and mental health and lowered academic achievement.” At another event, speakers including Ann McKee of the Boston Univer- sity School of Medicine (right, middle) explained why high-school athletes risk chronic traumatic encephalopathy, a neurodegeneration that can result from multiple mild concussions. U.S. Representative Chaka Fattah (D-Pennsylvania), a champion for neuroscience (right, top), also took part in the briefi ng.

vance science and engineering innovation in the peer review of research grant proposals and national interest,” Bingaman told the fellows. evaluation of ongoing programs. Identifying, Members of the AAAS Fellows work on such pressing issues recruiting and managing the experts needed to External Advisory Com- as federal policy for adaptation to climate assist clients in their science and technology mittee and AAAS staff for change. More than 50 percent of them contin- projects remains a main focus for AAAS. the Marine Microbiology Initiative of the Gordon ue in government after their fellowships end, Among RCP’s many 2012 projects was an and Betty Moore Founda- and over the years, many have ended up in independent review of Phase I of the Gordon tion include (left to right): Robert Gagosian, Claire high-impact positions in the White House, Con- and Betty Moore Foundation (GBMF) Marine Fraser-Liggett, Edward gress, the State Department, federal agencies, Microbiology Initiative, a ten-year, $145 mil- Derrick, Rieko Yajima, Gary research universities and non-governmental lion effort to answer fundamental questions Borisy, Margaret Leinen and Paul Snelgrove. organizations. about the diversity of marine microorganisms “One of the exciting things about the program,” said Fellowships Director Cynthia Robinson,” is that [the fellows] have taken the experience they’ve had in Washington, D.C. … to engage in the work that they’ve done throughout the rest of their careers.”

RESEARCH COMPETITIVENESS PROGRAM The AAAS Research Competitiveness Program (RCP) provides expertise to organizations engaged in science and technology research. In 2012, RCP undertook 34 projects throughout the United States and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, assisting universities, state-based research collaborations, foundations and state and federal agencies with such processes as BRAINS: OF MCKEE: ANN BOB ROEHR; RCP MCKEE; PHOTO

15 reiterated President Barack Obama’s commit- ment to scientifi c innovation as a driver of eco- nomic productivity, asserting that especially in a time of economic struggle, it is crucial to in- vest in areas such as advanced manufacturing, “big data” computing and science education. In another presentation, U.S. Representative Lamar Smith (R-Texas) promised Congressional support for R&D but warned that the scientifi c community must “be prepared to negotiate and compromise.” More than 400 government and business leaders, researchers, educators and journalists attended the 2012 Forum.

SCIENCE IN SUPPORT OF HUMAN RIGHTS In 2012, high-resolution satellite images, ana- Above: The pervasive and their role in ocean health. The review in- lyzed by AAAS, offered new insights into the use of artifi cial lighting volved approximately 20 external consultants, has been linked to health Syrian confl ict, revealing apparent evidence of multiple stakeholder meetings, data collec- problems, while also heavily armored vehicles and damage to build- hindering astronomers tion and quantitative and qualitative method- ings in civilian neighborhoods. The images as they seek to study the ologies. Findings and recommendations were stars, speakers said at a “largely corroborate on-the-ground reports delivered to the GBMF Board in October 2012. 2012 screening of the fi lm, of heavy-artillery assaults by the Syrian army The City Dark: A Search for Night on a Planet that moving through neighborhoods,” said Susan FORUM ON S&T POLICY Never Sleeps. The event Wolfi nbarger, director of the Geospatial and was co-sponsored by the At the 2012 AAAS Forum on Science and Tech- Human Rights Project at AAAS, a program AAAS Dialogue on Science, nology Policy, an annual event designed to offer Ethics and Religion and funded by the John D. and Catherine T. MacAr- the latest in-depth analysis and information on the American Astronomical thur Foundation, the Oak Foundation and the Society. science policy, science and government leaders Open Society Institute. presented topics ranging from new insights on Below: Physicist S. James Satellite images taken of Western Ethiopia voter psychology, to training science and tech- Gates, Jr. of the University confi rmed that farmers there had been re- of Maryland-College Park, nology students to be innovators, to strategies addressed the 2012 AAAS moved from their land and relocated, possibly for keeping the U.S. scientifi c enterprise vital in Forum on Science and to make way for large-scale industrial farms. Technology Policy. a time of critically threatened budgets. “Using satellite imagery, we came up with the Speaker John P. Holdren, the White House same result as people on the ground,” said science and technology advisor and director Wolfi nbarger, referring to a report prepared by of the Offi ce of Science and Technology Policy, Human Rights Watch. Also in 2012, the AAAS Science and Human Rights Coalition held a meeting focused on climate and environmental issues, highlighting that preventing, mitigating and adapting to the challenges of climate change will require important input from indigenous peoples. Rebecca Tsosie, director of the Indian Legal Program at Arizona State University, spoke of the “scientifi c and ethical component to indig- enous knowledge—it tells native people what is the right thing to do. It tells us what effective management is and what the consequences are of destructive or harmful management. That aspect of sacred knowledge cannot be left out of the discussion.” AAAS/KAT ZAMBONAAAS/KAT

16 AAAS MemberCentral MemberCentral reached out to the AAAS member community and the public with a revamped Web site offering interesting and inspiring podcasts, live chats and webinars on science-related topics. MemberCentral also held a member event in London that was the fi rst of an international series. To visit MemberCentral, go to membercentral.aaas.org.

REDESIGN: MemberCentral climate change. The event, which included The MemberCentral Web site got a new look a member reception, is providing the model and feel in 2012, with a redesign that made the for a series of similar events to be produced site easier to use and more accessible to the globally in 2013. public. The redesigned site upholds the AAAS Turn to page 30 for information on Science mission of engaging the public around scien- Careers, the association’s comprehensive tifi c issues by highlighting the work that AAAS online site for science job seekers and members do in the laboratory, in the fi eld and employers. See www.sciencecareers.org. in the classroom and community. New blogs and long-form articles appeared on the site in 2012, and the Cutting Edge video series featuring AAAS members giving short lectures grew to include the topics of biofuels and energy from waves, wind and the sun. The site also hosted live chats with the AAAS R&D Policy Analysis group and the AAAS Science & Technology Policy Fellows. The site’s new series of webinars included “Hollywood and Science: Bringing accurate science to TV and fi lm” and “Education Renovation: Overhauling undergraduate STEM programs.” Traffi c to the redesigned Web site increased by more than 50 percent over the previous year.

AAAS MEMBER EVENT IN LONDON AAAS members at a special event at the Royal Society in London enjoyed a lecture by Nobel laureate Elinor Ostrom in one of her fi nal public appearances before she died in June 2012. Ostrom, who won her Nobel Prize for groundbreaking research demonstrating that ordinary people can create rules and institu- tions to allow sustainable and equitable man-

AAAS/KAT ZAMBONAAAS/KAT agement of shared resources, spoke about

17 U.S. Government Relations AAAS reaches out to policymakers to reinforce the awareness that science and technology can drive our economy and improve our quality of life. By making objective scientifi c expertise avail- able to the federal government, the AAAS Offi ce of Government Relations helps to support evidence-based policy decisions and keep citizens informed about where their elected offi cials stand on pressing issues related to science and technology.

GOLDEN GOOSE AWARDS PROMOTE used in bone grafts and prosthetic eyes based BASIC SCIENCE on coral’s microstructure. AAAS helped launch an award program de- signed to celebrate the enormous human and SPEAKING UP FOR U.S. R&D economic benefi ts attributable to basic scien- Pointing to such transformational research as tifi c research. The Golden Goose Awards—a the Human Genome Project, the AAAS Offi ce collaboration with U.S. lawmakers from both of Government Relations worked throughout parties and science, business and education 2012 to build awareness of the importance of leaders—honor federally funded researchers, federally funded scientifi c research and the especially those whose work may have initially crippling effects on innovation and economic sounded odd but resulted in extremely valu- growth of a budget sequestration that would able discoveries to benefi t society. The make automatic cuts to such programs. awards are a kind of retort to lawmakers Government Relations staff organized such as the late Senator William Prox- Capitol Hill briefi ngs—drawing on analyses mire (D-Wisconsin), who mocked certain of the AAAS R&D Budget and Policy Program research projects as wasteful spending. and compelling evidence from other AAAS AAAS and the coalition supporting the units—to underscore the enormous economic awards announced the winners in September and human benefi ts that federal investment in 2012, publicizing scientists’ accomplish- research can yield, such as the Google search ments and struggles in a Washington Post engine and GPS technology. The briefi ngs op-ed that also appeared in other media pointed out how cuts to the federal research outlets. The winners included Charles H. budget, threatened to be the largest in about Townes, who was reportedly warned not 40 years, could hobble future prosperity. to waste resources on the research he Expert panelists at one of the briefi ngs said undertook to help develop laser technol- that many new technologies are rooted in dis- ogy; Osamu Shimomura, Martin Chalfi e parate fi elds and are often being developed by and Roger Y. Tsien, whose research on jellyfi sh universities and smaller start-up companies, nervous systems unexpectedly led to advances rather than large corporations. Both trends, in cancer diagnosis and treatment, the panelists said, suggest an increasingly progress with brain diseases, and important role for federally funded research improved detection of poisons in and development because federal programs drinking water; and Eugene White, already support signifi cant cross-disciplinary Rodney White, Della Roy and the late work at public laboratories and universities. Jon Weber, who developed materials AAAS also hosted its annual Hill briefi ng

18 presenting its analysis of the presidential Biometeorologist Hongyan Luo of the National Ecolog- budget request for research and development. ical Observatory Network “Now more than ever,” said U.S. Representa- in Boulder, Colorado, met tive Judy Biggert (R-Illinois), who spoke at the with U.S. Senator Michael Bennet (D-Colorado) as event, “the advocacy message for strong basic part of Climate Science research investments must be heard loud and Day, an effort to provide policymakers with high- clear across the Capitol campus if we want to quality climate science remain a global leader in innovation.” information. AAAS also offered a Web site with a huge range of resources pertaining to the threat- ened sequestration and participated in an online campaign to get AAAS members and others in the scientifi c community to speak out about how sequestration cuts could harm their research. “We want to ensure that the scientifi c com- series included the energy-water-food nexus munity is heard on this critical issue,” said and the effect of climate change on the Arctic. Joanne Carney, AAAS Offi ce of Government During the Arctic panel, speakers noted that Relations director. accelerating climate change reduces the Arctic region’s summer ice and uncovers natural re- COMMUNICATING ABOUT CLIMATE, ENERGY, sources. At the same time, indigenous popula- FOOD AND WATER tions are threatened and carbon held in Arctic The second annual Climate Science Day, held soils is released, compounding the effects of in February 2012, brought about 30 scientists global greenhouse gas emissions. Worldwide to Washington, D.C., to build relationships climate patterns may be slowed such that with members of Congress and provide them extreme conditions related to droughts and with access to the best possible climate sci- fl oods may last longer. ence information. “Part of being a good scientist is helping SCIENCE AND THE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION policymakers do their job well by being an ob- Policymakers’ positions on science- and tech- jective resource and providing scientifi c infor- nology-related issues have become increasing- mation that they then use in policy decisions,” ly important in an era of budget-cutting as U.S. said Carney, of the AAAS Offi ce of Government science education struggles, climate change Relations, which co-sponsors the effort along and energy needs present enormous chal- with a dozen other scientifi c professional soci- lenges, medical research is on the threshold eties and research organizations. of transformative discoveries, and the national The scientists, who were coached in a train- economy requires innovative technologies to ing session, didn’t press for particular policies spur growth. How science and technology are or funding with the lawmakers, but worked to viewed at the highest levels could determine build bridges. “We were not there to debate the shape of our futures. whether global warming was occurring,” said AAAS developed a Web site to continu- Steven Cavallo, an atmospheric scientist at ously track the 2012 presidential candidates’ the University of Oklahoma, who met with positions on science and technology issues. the all-Republican and strongly conservative The association also joined other leading Oklahoma congressional delegation. “We were U.S. science and engineering organizations in just there to open up the discussion, establish preparing a list of science questions that were a relationship with them.” answered by the candidates. Climate was also a key theme during the Global Challenges fall lecture series, co- organized by AAAS. Featured topics in the

19 Science, Technology and Security Policy A key role of the AAAS Center for Science, Technology and Security Policy (CSTSP) is bringing science and technology expertise to the analysis of global security issues. The center’s activities include public reports and policy recommendations as well as active programs affecting a variety of communities, both domestic and international. Recent activities have been in the areas of international bioengagement, science and security dialogues with domestic and international institutions, and studies and public events on nuclear nonproliferation and space security issues.

Participants at the AAAS BIOSECURITY IN THE BMENA REGION workshop in Dubai (at In 2012, the Center for Science, Technology right) discussed ways to promote broader and Security Policy (CSTSP) organized the cooperation between last of a series of four workshops focused on scientists working in the safety and security in bioscience research in Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan and Pakistan. countries from the broader Middle East and North Africa (BMENA). Thirteen countries from the region participated in the 2012 workshop, which took place in Dubai, in the United Arab Emirates. The series was funded by the U.S. Department of State, with part of the grant money going toward bilateral cooperation ef- forts between the United States and participat- ing BMENA countries. The State Department grants catalyzed new scientifi c collaborations between scientists from BMENA countries and the United States on such projects as nanobiotechnology, wildlife conservation and infectious disease surveil- lance and genomic technology. Several of these collaborative projects have secured further support to expand. The meetings, which were intended to encourage broader cooperation between American scientists and researchers working in the BMENA region, brought out on-

going challenges being experienced by young OPPOSITE: OLIVER PHOTOGRAPHY; JACKSON OF IIASA COURTESY PHOTO THIS PAGE:

20 researchers there, including a lack of mentor- ship, scant opportunities to work with regional colleagues, and in some cases, funding and equipment shortages.

AAAS, FBI COLLABORATE ON BIOSECURITY AAAS co-organized meetings in 2012 with the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the As- sociation of American Universities, and the As- sociation of Public and Land-Grant Universities to bring together researchers, policymakers and security experts to address the challenges faced in supporting biological research while minimizing security risks. The fi rst meeting established a dialogue between universities and the FBI, providing opportunities for academic scientists and international collaboration among scientists can Norman Neureiter (right), research administrators to work with the secu- build trust that supports arms control efforts. director of the AAAS Cen- ter for Science, Technology rity community to develop recommendations “In terms of U.S. diplomacy, some of the and Security Policy and to handle such risks as misuse of biological greatest assets we have are not only in our senior advisor to the asso- research, theft of biological agents and ac- government agencies, but in our foundations, ciation’s Center for Science Diplomacy, received the cidental exposure. science associations and other areas,” E. Wil- prestigious Austrian Cross The second meeting, which used the H5N1 liam Colglazier, science and technology advisor of Honour for Science and Art 1st Class, bestowed avian infl uenza research published by Science to Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, told the by Karlheinz Toechterle, as a case study (see page 24), allowed the meeting at the Georgia Institute of Technology. Austria’s federal minister scientifi c and security communities to explore “We’re going to have to use all of our assets if of science. The award recognized Neureiter’s the best ways to oversee and communicate we’re going to create a more peaceful world.” contributions to the suc- “dual-use” research, which has benefi cial cess of an international or- scientifi c value but may pose a public threat. PUBLIC, PRESS AND POLICY EVENTS ganization that addresses global challenges—the The information shared at the meeting is being A number of events organized by CSTSP International Institute for used to inform national-level policy discus- helped to examine and present scientifi c and Applied Systems Analysis sions and proposed regulations regarding technological expertise to policymakers and (IIASA). institutional oversight of dual-use life sciences the public on topics related to nuclear energy research. and nuclear nonproliferation. One expert panel took place before the Sen- SUPPORTING NUCLEAR ARMS CONTROL ate Energy and Natural Resources Committee Fears of terrorism, nuclear programs in Iran and focused on the technical, environmental, and North Korea, and lingering tensions be- safety, security, economic and proliferation tween the United States and Russia continue issues surrounding the use of small, modular to make arms control a global priority, said nuclear reactors. Another panel discussion for experts at a workshop on the topic that was U.S. House of Representatives staff tackled co-organized by AAAS. the current state of Laser Isotope Separation Scientists and engineers play a principal technology, particularly exploring the prolifera- role in lessening the threat of nuclear arms tion risks associated with a technology that and helping to detect nuclear weapons tests makes it easier to enrich uranium while avoid- by developing and employing highly sensitive ing safeguards. advanced technologies. In addition, as during In September 2012, CSTSP organized a Capi-

OPPOSITE: OLIVER JACKSON PHOTOGRAPHY; OPPOSITE: OLIVER PHOTOGRAPHY; JACKSON OF IIASA COURTESY PHOTO THIS PAGE: the height of the Cold War during the 1980s, tol Hill briefi ng at which nuclear test monitoring

21 Above: Participants at experts said that the last decade has seen big an underground nuclear explosion well below a series of AAAS-co- improvements in the ability to detect clandes- 1 kiloton in most regions. The nuclear weapons sponsored workshops in Jordan, Kuwait, Tunisia tine nuclear explosions. “Technical capabili- that were used against Japan in World War II and Dubai discussed the ties have improved signifi cantly in the past had yields of between 10 and 20 kilotons. region’s scientifi c capacity, which will soon include decade,” said physicist Richard Garwin, an The briefi ng and a workshop that followed the Synchrotron-light for IBM Fellow Emeritus and member of a National helped to inform the ongoing discussion in the Experimental Science and Research Council study panel that produced a Senate and the Administration of President Applications in the Middle East (SESAME). Now un- March 2012 report reviewing technical issues Barack Obama surrounding nuclear test moni- der construction in Jordan, related to the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test- toring and verifi cation and the CTBT. the particle accelerator Ban Treaty (CTBT). That report concluded there AAAS also co-hosted a workshop on nuclear promises to foster multi- disciplinary research and is now 90 percent confi dence that the current weapon safety, security and “use control” build relationships across International Monitoring System could detect issues in 2012. borders.

Below: A range of science and security resources, including this 2012 report, can be found online at www.aaas.org/cstsp/ publications/. SESAME

22 The Science Family of Journals Breakthrough evidence of a mysterious sub-atomic particle known as the Higgs boson, new insights to help protect the public from an avian infl uenza outbreak, and clues to under- standing drug-resistant malaria were among the research fi nd- ings reported in Science, Science Translational Medicine and Science Signaling in 2012. Science headlines encompassed research advances across the biological, physical and social sciences, plus penetrating news and analysis meant to expand our knowledge of devastating diseases, emerging technologies and more. See www.sciencemag.org.

Chimp Viruses Could Support Hepatitis C Vaccine bees and honeybees, which have been rapidly Two Science Translational Medicine studies declining in recent years, in part due to a phe- hinted that vaccines developed with chimp nomenon known as Colony Collapse Disorder. vectors can trigger immune protection against Both studies looked at the effects of neonic- hepatitis C, a virus that affects the liver and is otinoid insecticides, which are among the estimated to infect 170 million people glob- most widely used crop pesticides in the world. ally. There are currently no vaccines to protect (Henry et al., and Whitehorn et al., 29 March) against the infection. (Barnes et al., and Colloca et al., 4 January, Science Translational Drug-Resistant Malaria in Southeast Asia Medicine) Researchers have identifi ed a particular region on a chromosome in Plasmodium falciparum— Pesticide Impacts on Bumblebee Colonies a major malaria parasite—that helps to explain A pair of studies revealed the multiple ways how such parasites in Southeast Asia are that a widely used insecticide harms bumble- developing resistance to the current genera- SESAME

23 tion of artemisinin-based drugs. (Cheeseman et al., 22 June, special issue, and 19 January et al., 6 April) and 2 February, ScienceExpress)

Traces of Majorana Fermions in Nanowires Denisovans: Neandertal Relative’s Genome Majorana fermions, elusive particles Sequenced that act as their own antiparticles, were Researchers described the complete sequence spotted inside the nanowires of an exotic of the Denisovan genome, shedding light superconductor device. These unique on the relationships between these archaic particles had never previously been humans, who were closely related to Nean- sighted and may have potential dertals, and modern humans. (Pääbo et al., 30 for quantum computing platforms. August ScienceExpress) (Mourik et al., 12 April, ScienceExpress) ENCODE Project: Eulogy for “Junk DNA” Preparing to Combat H5N1 A decade-long project, the Encyclopedia of Five changes to a strain of the DNA elements, or ENCODE, found that 80 per- H5N1 avian infl uenza virus were cent of the human genome serves some bio- found to make the virus trans- chemical purpose, debunking the notion that missible between ferrets human DNA is loaded with useless bases. One via respiratory droplets. The study in Science found that many noncoding, fi ndings underscored the disease-associated variants are located near risk that a similarly regulatory DNA—an insight that might help transmissible virus unlock the genetic basis of complex human might evolve naturally diseases. Another paper reported that a wide and cause a human swath of the human genome is under evolu- pandemic. The work tionary “constraint” and likely key to human- should also assist efforts specifi c aspects of our biology. (Maurano et to develop global infl u- al., and Ward and Kellis, 7 September) enza bio-surveillance as well as drugs and The Secrets to Sterile Rice vaccines to protect A system of three genes seems to be responsi- against this threat. The ble for hybrid sterility in rice, or the inability of fi ndings were published many hybrid rice species to pass their genes six months after researchers on to the next generation. These fi ndings voluntarily agreed to halt H5N1 suggest one way that hybrid sterility is main- research amid international dis- tained across rice species, and might suggest cussions on guidelines for con- ways to improve this food stock. (Yang et al., ducting such work responsibly. 14 September) Science made the research freely available: www.sciencemag.org/ Polar Ice Sheets Losing Mass hottopics/biosecurity/. (Fouchier All the major regions of the polar ice sheets

24 except one have been losing mass since 1992, working with an atom-smasher at a particle From left to right: according to a study that pulled together physics laboratory near Geneva, Switzerland, Resistance to treatment with artemisinin-based several independent measurement methods. known as CERN, on 4 July unveiled evidence drugs is currently emerg- The research overcame some limitations as- of the Higgs boson, which holds the key to ing in malaria parasites sociated with satellite surveys. (Shepherd et explaining how other elementary particles get in western Thailand. This photograph shows a camp al., 30 November) their mass. A series of Science review articles for displaced persons. helped to explain the technology used to Plasmodium falciparum- Early Results: GRAIL Mission to the Moon observe this mysterious particle. Details were infected human red blood Three studies based on the Gravity Recovery made freely available with registration: www. cells. and Interior Laboratory mission offered a de- sciencemag.org/special/btoy2012. (Negra et The midnight sun casts a tailed lunar picture, encompassing the Moon’s al., The CMS Collaboration Team at CERN, and golden glow on an iceberg gravity fi eld, and the density and character- The ATLAS Collaboration at CERN, 21 Decem- and its refl ection in Disko istics of its crust, which appears to be cut by ber, Science) Bay, Greenland. Much of Greenland’s annual mass widespread sheets of cooled magma. (Zuber Also in 2012, Science continued to make loss occurs through calv- et al., 5 December, ScienceExpress) its high-quality news, analysis and research ing of icebergs such as this, research suggests. accessible across many technology platforms OTHER SCIENCE HIGHLIGHTS by offering “apps” for the iPhone as well as Neonicotinoid insecticides Powerful Special Issues: Science published iTouch, iPad and Android devices. can harm bees such as this buff-tailed bumblebee, 13 substantive special issues on a range scientists say. of topics, from “Working with Waste” and Honors we brought in: “Computational Biology,” to “Disease Preven- News reports by Science journalists Jennifer tion” and “Black Holes.” On 5 October, for Couzin-Frankel and Gretchen Vogel were in- example, a special issue on “Depression” cluded in the 2012 edition of the Best Ameri- investigated the relationship between neural can Science Writing. Couzin-Frankel’s piece on defi cits and major depressive disorder, and “Aging Genes” examined the debate over the why some people may be more resilient to role of a class of proteins called sirtuins in cel- stress and trauma than others. For a special lular aging. Gretchen Vogel’s piece, “Mending 13 July edition, award-winning Science news the Youngest Hearts,” described progress with correspondent Jon Cohen, working with tissue-engineered blood vessels used to re- photographers Malcolm Linton and Darrow pair malformed hearts in very young children. Montgomery, visited 10 U.S. cities, which are Science contributing correspondent Jon home to an estimated 1.2 million HIV-infected Cohen was named winner of the 2012 Victor people, to describe the current state of “HIV/ Cohn Prize for Excellence in Medical Science AIDS in America.” Reporting. The award recognized his exem- plary coverage of a broad range of biomedical Breakthrough of the Year: The Higgs Boson topics, most notably his distinguished and The observation of an elusive sub-atomic persistent chronicling of the global HIV/AIDS particle known as the Higgs boson was epidemic. heralded by Science as the most important Yet another award was handed out to Cohen scientifi c discovery of 2012. Researchers and Science journalist Martin Enserink, who

25 Science published 13 received the American Society for Microbiol- delivery of intravenous fl uids being delivered special issues in 2012 ogy’s 2012 Public Communications Award for to dehydrated infants, thus preventing over- on topics ranging from disease prevention to their article, “False Positive.” Their in-depth hydration. “Improving science education is an computational biology. piece looked at a controversial study that important goal for all of us at Science,” then linked a mouse retrovirus, XMRV, to chronic Editor-in-Chief Bruce Alberts said. “We hope fatigue syndrome. The original research was to help those innovators who have developed partially retracted, and later, researchers at outstanding laboratory modules promoting nine different laboratories reported that they student inquiry to reach a wider audience.” were unable to reproducibly detect XMRV or The 2012 Grand Prize winner of the inter- relatives of the virus in blood samples. national competition for The Eppendorf & Science news correspondent Ann Gibbons Science Prize for Neuorobiology was Marlene won the 2012 Anthropology in Media Award Cohen of the University of Pittsburgh, who from the American Anthropological Associa- was recognized for her outstanding research tion for a decade’s worth of stories on human contributions into the neural basis of inter- origins and evolution. Susan Gillespie, the nal mental states. Established in 2002, the chairperson of the Awards Committee, $25,000 Eppendorf & Science Prize for Neuro- lauded Gibbons’ “lucid accounts of advances biology is awarded annually for the most out- in evolutionary anthropology.” standing neurobiological research by a young scientist, 35 years of age or younger. Cohen’s Honors we gave out: winning essay, “When Attention Wanders” Science’s Inquiry-Based Instruction (IBI) Prize explained that when our minds wander, so too was developed to showcase outstanding do our perceptual abilities. materials for teaching introductory college science courses in a way that sparks stu- dents’ natural curiosity about the world. In 2012, for instance, IBI Prize-winning essays published monthly in Science described a device developed by Rice University fresh- men that could help doctors in Malawi to save the lives of gravely ill infants. Called Appro- priate Design for Global Health, the device

was designed to automatically shut off the U.S. GREEN BUILDING COUNCIL

26 Improving Science Literacy To prepare today’s students for a future that is increasingly dependent on science, mathematics and technology, educators need well-designed and effective preparation, curriculum and assessments. Project 2061 is helping to meet that need through its research and development efforts funded by the National Science Foundation, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, NASA, and the U.S. Department of Education. Building on its own earlier accomplishments in standards-based science education, Project 2061’s current work integrates the teaching and learning of core science ideas, science practices and concepts that cut across disciplines as recommended in the National Research Council’s 2012 report, A Framework for K-12 Schools serving K-12 students are the fastest- growing segment of the Science Education. “green building” industry, encompassing efforts to adopt more energy- and water-saving technolo- gies. In 2012, Project 2061 began to investigate strategies for leveraging green schools as powerful, BETTER BIOLOGY IN MIDDLE SCHOOL organisms. Students also work with a variety real-world contexts to help Cutting-edge research in biology, biotechnol- of models—from LEGO® blocks to more con- middle-school students learn important science, ogy and biomedicine is advancing quickly, ventional models and equations—and learn mathematics and technol- with enormous potential for 21st-century how to use their new ideas, evidence and ogy ideas. The effort is be- innovation. Biology education, however, reasoning to develop a scientifi c explanation ing funded by the National Science Foundation. has mostly not kept up. New approaches are for what they observe. (See photo, next page.) needed that incorporate scientifi c practices, offer students the opportunity to experience and think about a variety of real-world and relevant phenomena, and let students see how foundational principles can be applied across the sciences. Now in its third year of a research grant from the U.S. Department of Education, Proj- ect 2061 and collaborators at the Biological Sciences Curriculum Study have been working with teachers in Colorado, Maryland, Boston, and Washington, D.C., to develop and try out an innovative curriculum unit designed to prepare middle-school students for success in high-school biology. The unit takes a novel approach by focusing fi rst on core ideas about chemical reactions and then using those

U.S. GREEN BUILDING COUNCIL ideas to explain growth and repair in living

27 developing instruments that will be used to measure what students and teachers under- stand about the concepts being targeted in the curriculum and to monitor the quality of the curriculum itself.

“CREATE AND TAKE” TESTS Project 2061 launched a new online feature in 2012 that allows teachers to create tests tar- geting key ideas related to 16 science topics, from evolution and natural selection, to the mechanics of earthquakes. The new feature builds on the capabilities of the AAAS Science Assessment Web site developed by Project 2061 to provide educators with access to more than 700 carefully developed science test questions. It allows teachers to assess what their students are learning and where they may have gaps. “Getting reliable and timely information “We want students to be able to use what about what students know or don’t know they learn from studying relatively simple means that teachers can adjust their instruc- chemical reactions to then explain more com- tion to respond quickly to their students’ plex phenomena such as protein synthesis in needs,” said George DeBoer, deputy director animals or carbohydrate synthesis in plants,” of Project 2061. said Project 2061 Director Jo Ellen Roseman. By April 2012, a year after its initial launch, After two rounds of classroom pilot testing, the Project 2061 Web site had logged 12,000 she said that the unit has resulted in “sig- registered users and nearly 70,000 visitors. nifi cant learning gains” for all populations of students who have used it. IMPROVING ENERGY EDUCATION In 2012, the U.S. Department of Education UNDERSTANDING EVOLUTION THROUGH awarded a $1.6 million grant to Project 2061 MATHEMATICS to develop new assessments of how students Project 2061 received a grant in 2012 from build their knowledge of energy concepts from the National Science Foundation to develop elementary school through high school. The a curriculum to help high-school students testing tools will also identify where students understand core ideas about evolution and are struggling so that teachers can target data analysis. An understanding of evolution those areas. The project was one of only 26 is crucial to the study of biology, but research funded by the Education Department in 2012 has shown that many students have a poor through its competitive education research grasp of the topic and fall victim to misconcep- grants program. tions about natural selection and genetics. “A strong foundation of knowledge about The University of Utah’s Genetic Science energy is essential,” said Cari F. Herrmann Learning Center, a collaborator on the project, Abell, senior research associate for Project is developing prototype lessons and interac- 2061. “Whether choosing which cars we drive tive, multimedia, computer-based simula- or thinking about national energy policy is- tions. By allowing the students to collect and sues, understanding basic energy concepts analyze data from certain animal populations can help everyone make more well-informed over several virtual years, the simulations will decisions.” help the students to visualize the organisms and habitats, understand sampling processes, make measurements, and see evidence of

natural selection in the data. Project 2061 is JO ELLEN ROSEMAN COLELLADIGITAL.COM

28 Education, Outreach and Careers AAAS brings exciting opportunities to science students and pro- fessionals in the science and technology community. Helping build bridges to careers in science, technology, engineering and mathematics bolsters the STEM work force and all that it can bring to our lives. At a time when STEM education is struggling to produce enough graduates to keep the United States’ science and technology sectors competitive, AAAS reaches out through a variety of programs to make sure talent and interest in scientifi c endeavors are nurtured.

EMERGING RESEARCHERS IN STEM and prepares STEM undergraduates and profes- In February 2012, the President’s Council of sionals to become K-12 science and mathemat- Advisors on Science and Technology made an ics teachers. Having participated in the program announcement: For the United States to remain for fi ve years, AAAS helped organize the schol- competitive in the fi elds of science, technology, arship program conference in May 2012. More engineering and mathematics, the country must than 600 program participants, from some 225 Chantal Gonzalez of San increase its number of STEM graduates by 1 mil- colleges and universities, attended. Diego State University lion over the next decade, which is a 34 percent Just as national science testing showed stag- received a fi rst place for her poster presentation rise over the current number of students who nating scores, with just a third of eighth-graders at the 2012 Emerging graduate in those fi elds. at or above the profi cient level for their grade, Researchers National Conference. She was one Emphasizing that goal, the 2012 Emerging a report released by AAAS at the conference of 885 participants in the Researchers National Conference—sponsored described the innovative strategies used by event, supported by AAAS by AAAS Education and Human Resources and the scholarship program to attract and prepare and the National Science Foundation. the National Science Foundation Division of teachers to address STEM learning challenges. Human Resource Development—supported a diverse group of STEM students and helped them along their path to scientifi c careers. The conference drew 885 attendees, including 421 undergrad student presenters, 89 grad student presenters and 56 exhibitors. The students shared their scientifi c re- search projects, met with peers from all over the country, got feedback from mentors, and attended workshops on applying to gradu- ate school, writing abstracts, and exploring careers beyond academia.

NOYCE SCHOLARS CONFERENCE The National Science Foundation’s Robert

JO ELLEN ROSEMAN Noyce Teacher Scholarship program recruits COLELLADIGITAL.COM

29 to current events and news, the site—with its daily science news content, online science education community and improved resource tools—won perfect scores for content and feature functionality. “The updated site and dynamic resources will keep students and teachers engaged, informed and coming back,” said Suzanne Thurston, AAAS project director.

GSK’s SCIENCE IN THE SUMMER Children at a community center in Washing- ton, D.C., may have been apprehensive about having science class in July, but after just one Above: Children who The program fi nds and develops the teachers day of Science in the Summer, they were asking took part in GlaxoSmith- by offering them a chance to work in after- Kline’s 2012 Science in when they would get more hands-on, inquiry- school programs, mentoring them with the help the Summer program, based experiences. administered by AAAS of local educators, and providing them with A GlaxoSmithKline program administered by in the greater Washing- funding for research projects of their own. ton, D.C., and Baltimore, AAAS, Science in the Summer was provided to Maryland area, took part Improving STEM learning requires, among elementary-school students at 19 libraries and in fun, hands-on chemistry other things, “a terrifi c teacher for every stu- activities. community centers in 2012. All were located dent,” said Shirley Malcom, director of AAAS in the Washington, D.C., and Baltimore areas. Below: Science NetLinks Education and Human Resources. from AAAS provides K-12 AAAS oversees the curriculum, recruits and teachers, students and trains teachers, makes site visits and provides SCIENCE NETLINKS families with resources materials to each host site. for teaching and learning Science NetLinks, a Web site produced by “The reaction from girls and boys, parents science. See http://scien- AAAS, won three Interactive Media Awards in cenetlinks.com/. and staff at the host sites has been very posi- 2012, earning the Best in Class designation tive,” said Program Manager Betty Calinger. in the education, nonprofi t and science/tech- nology categories. The site, which is part of SCIENCE CAREERS Thinkfi nity, a partnership between the Verizon Published by AAAS, Science Careers offers Foundation and ten education organizations key resources, news and information to help including AAAS, offers free resources, interac- advance careers in science and technology. tive features, podcasts and hands-on activities Science Careers Jobs offers thousands of for K-12 teachers, students and families. industry, academic and government jobs, job After a redesign based on user surveys that e-mail alerts, and a resume/CV database. The tied the site’s science content more closely Careers Forum offers the opportunity to con- nect with and receive advice from peers and advisors from industry and academia. See www. sciencecareers.org. In 2012, Science Careers Business published Career Trends: Industry or Academia, a new booklet featuring articles on advancing in aca- demia, preparing for a career in pharmaceutical research, and the benefi ts of biotechnology training programs. AAAS and Science Careers, in partnership with the Burroughs Wellcome Fund, the Federa- tion of American Societies for Experimental Biology, the University of California, San Fran- cisco, and the Medical College of Wisconsin, launched MyIDP, a Web-based tool created to help graduate students and postdocs in the sci-

ences defi ne and pursue their career goals. CARLA SCHAF FER ABEL BAERGA-ORTIZCOURTESY

30 AAAS Divisions AAAS engages its members through four geographic divisions and 24 sections refl ecting a diverse range of scientifi c disci- plines. In 2012, the four AAAS Divisions organized events on top- ics such as threats to health and way of life in the Arctic, lessons in sustainable design applied to science, research in criminal psychology and the struggling ecosystems of prairies.

ARCTIC DIVISION: CIRCUMPOLAR HEALTH CARIBBEAN DIVISION: SUSTAINABLE DESIGN The AAAS Arctic Division held its 2012 annual The AAAS Caribbean Division focused a Sep- meeting with the 15th triennial International tember 2012 conference on sustainable design Congress on Circumpolar Health. Participants and the lessons that scientists can learn from from nine Arctic nations—including scientists, architects and other designers. doctors, policymakers, indigenous leaders, “The principles of sustainability in the educators and students—gathered to discuss design of buildings, structures, molecules and health issues such as nutrition, obesity, food even new life forms will require an ongoing security, climate change impacts on human conversation between designers, scientists health, suicide and public engagement in and engineers,” said Caribbean Division Presi- research. The AAAS Arctic Division has long dent Abel Baerga-Ortiz. “With this dialogue in been infl uential in health matters, but this mind, we will seek to explore the application was the fi rst time the division’s meeting was of concepts borrowed from sustainable design held jointly with the International Congress on in science and engineering.” Circumpolar Health. Puerto Rican architect Fernando Abruña, The health of people living in the Far North is increasingly threatened by environmental Puerto Rican architect and damage and by toxic substances that ride air environmental advocate currents from lands to the south, speakers Fernando Abruña, a reported. Climate change is disrupting wildlife professor at the University of Puerto Rico, delivered migration patterns and the water cycle. Pro- a keynote address on cessed foods and urban life have caused a rise science and sustainable design during the AAAS in “civilization diseases,” and obesity, diabe- Caribbean Division’s 2012 tes, suicide and substance abuse are surging. annual meeting. The traditional lifestyle of many indigenous people is in danger of vanishing. There is a “growing recognition of the need to have … diverse partnerships to study and work on circumpolar health,” said Rhonda M. Johnson, chair of the Department of Health Sciences and a professor of public health at the University of Alaska Anchorage. “An important part of this congress is the op- portunity for networking across the northern

CARLA SCHAF FER ABEL BAERGA-ORTIZCOURTESY regions.”

31 Above left: Samuel Fuhlen- sometimes called the father of green architec- SOUTHWEST/ROCKY MOUNTAINS: dorf of Oklahoma State ture in Puerto Rico, gave the keynote address. FROM ECOLOGY TO MEDICINE University is shown initiat- ing a controlled burn on a Because of the conservation, recycling and en- The lesser prairie chicken and the prairie mixed prairie landscape to ergy effi ciency made possible by his designs, mole cricket are just two of the species whose limit woody plant invasion the Environmental Protection Agency named habitat has been destroyed by an invasion and promote a healthy interaction between fi re him in 2012 to its National Advisory Council for of junipers taking over the Great Plains from and grazing. Environmental Policy and Technology. Texas to South Dakota. “Juniper invasion has

Above right: Laurence C. At least one panel discussion at the confer- emerged as a dominant threat to some of the Smith of the University ence took another approach to the topic, with most threatened ecosystems of North Ameri- of California-Los Angeles scientists from the fi elds of zoology, ecology, ca,” said Oklahoma State University Professor discussed the forces shaping Earth’s northern chemistry and nanotechnology discussing how Samuel Fuhlendorf, who spoke at the 2012 latitudes when the AAAS their research is infl uenced by concepts of AAAS Southwestern and Rocky Mountains SWARM Division convened shape, symmetry and aesthetics. Division meeting. in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Introduced to the prairie as windbreaks, the PACIFIC DIVISION: CLIMATE, SPACE SCIENCE junipers are just one example of how a natural AND MORE ecosystem that endured for millennia has been Topics ranging from the effect of climate thwarted, experts said at the meeting, which change on sagebrush-steppe ecosystems to also offered sessions on stem cell research the forensic psychology of female death-penal- and new uses for magnetic resonance imaging ty cases headlined the AAAS Pacifi c Division’s (MRI), as well as a symposium on increasing 2012 annual meeting. Held in Boise, Idaho, regional bioscience research capacity through in conjunction with the Northwest Regional outreach, cooperation and internships. Meeting of the American Chemical Society, the “This is an important conference region- event offered many opportunities for the pub- ally, and it’s important for students and young lic to have the experience of participating “in researchers,” said David Nash, executive direc- a major science meeting,” said Pacifi c Division tor of the Southwestern and Rocky Mountains President Robert Chianese. Division, “so there’s a real value in mixing Students and scholars from the Pacifi c local, national and international issues.” region made presentations at the meeting, and fi eld trips took participants to the Snake River Birds of Prey National Conservation Area and

the Bruneau Dunes and Observatory. WEIR; OF JOHN COURTESY LAURENCEPHOTO C. SMITH OF PETER COURTESY ECKEL PHOTO

32 Special Gifts and Projects 2012 Philanthropic support allows us to speak up on behalf of science, engineering and society as opportunities and challenges arise. Our members and donors contributed more than $1 million in Flexible Action Funds—AAAS’s only source of fl exible, unrestricted funding—in 2012.

LIFELONG AAAS MEMBER JOINS 1848 SOCIETY Mr. Eckel and other members of the 1848 Peter Eckel, a long-time supporter of AAAS Society demonstrate strong vision and a deep now celebrating his 25th year of membership, commitment to AAAS by making philanthropic chose in 2012 to identify the association as the gifts through their wills or other charitable recipient of a charitable bequest. The gift will plans. To learn about the 1848 Society, visit establish an initiative—to be named for Mr. www.aaas.org/aboutaaas/giving/recogni- Eckel, as well as his parents, Earl E. and Helen tion/1848/. C. Eckel—that will advance public engagement with and understanding of science. Though public attitudes toward science “I feel great knowing that I will leave behind a and technology remain generally favorable, tensions have increasingly emerged at the legacy that will be channeled through the AAAS. intersection of science and human values, economics and politics, encompassing is- It means a lot to me to be able to honor my late sues such as global climate change, stem cell research and evolution. Moving forward, parents, too.” –PETER ECKEL it will be critical to ensure that the benefi ts

of science are widely understood, Mr. Eckel Long-time AAAS member explained. His bequest will advance AAAS Peter W. Eckel efforts to promote a more open and compre- hensive dialogue among scientists, engineers and non-scientists. “I feel great knowing that I will leave behind a legacy that will be channeled through the AAAS. It means a lot to me to be able to honor my late parents, too,” Mr. Eckel said. A business owner rather than a scientist or engineer, Mr. Eckel has been a supporter of science for decades, having served as a volunteer at COSI-Toledo (since renamed Imagination Station), a hands-on science museum near his home in Maumee, Ohio. “My contributions to science have, by necessi- ty, been limited to the monetary and volunteer spheres,” he said. “The creation of this endow- ment will allow me to make a fi nal contribution to science.” PHOTO COURTESY OF JOHN WEIR; OF JOHN COURTESY LAURENCEPHOTO C. SMITH OF PETER COURTESY ECKEL PHOTO

33 2012 AAAS Kavli Science SOME SPECIAL FUNDS AT AAAS The Joshua E. Neimark Memorial Travel Journalism Award winers By establishing special funds, donors ensure Assistance Endowment provides travel included (left to right): Lynda Mapes, Sheraz long-term support for a wide range of initia- awards for young investigators to attend the Sadiq, Alex Chadwick, tives to advance science and serve society. AAAS Annual Meeting. Bari Scott, Michelle Nijhuis, Carl Zimmer, Such funds should be established in con- Sarah Holt and Laurie sultation with the Development Offi ce. For The Martin L. and Rose Wachtel Memorial Donnelly. (See page 37 more information, please contact us at (202) Fund underwrites an annual award that rec- for the complete list of winners.) 326-6636. ognizes outstanding work by an early-career investigator in the fi eld of cancer research. The AAAS Kavli Science Journalism Awards Endowment supports an effort, dating to 1945, The Revelle Fund supports a Science & to honor excellence in science journalism. Technology Policy Fellow, identifi ed by AAAS, in the area of domestic or international envi- The Charles Valentine Riley Memorial Endow- ronmental issues. ment supports an annual lecture to promote a broader and more complete understanding of The William T. Golden Endowment Fund for agriculture as the most basic human endeavor Program Innovation inspires new program and to enhance agriculture through increased ideas by funding activities not normally scientifi c knowledge. supported by the AAAS general budget.

The Early-Career Award for Public Engage- Join the Sustainers Program ment Fund supports an annual prize recog- The Sustainers Program was launched in 2012 nizing early-career scientists and engineers to recognize donors who commit to recurring, who have demonstrated excellence in their monthly gifts to our Flexible Action Fund, contributions to public engagement with sci- providing AAAS with the fl exibility to be ence activities. innovative and respond rapidly to critical challenges as they arise. The Fund for Honesty in Scientifi c Research Contact the Development Offi ce for more in- supports efforts to promote scientifi c integrity. formation about joining the Sustainers Program.

The John P. McGovern Endowment funds an annual lecture by a prominent behavioral Help AAAS speak up for science. Contact scientist. the Development Offi ce at (202) 326-6636 or [email protected], or give online at www. ATLANTIC PHOTOGRAPHY ATLANTIC aaas.org/makeagift. 34 AAAS Awards and Prizes The AAAS awards celebrate the achievements of extraordinary scientists, engineers, educators and journalists. We congratulate each of our distinguished winners.

Anita K. Jones Kiyoshi Kurokawa AAAS PHILIP HAUGE ABELSON AAAS AWARD FOR SCIENTIFIC PRIZE FREEDOM AND RESPONSIBILITY The Philip Hauge Abelson Prize, The AAAS Award for Scientifi c established in 1985, is awarded Freedom and Responsibility, es- either to a public servant, in recognition of tablished in 1980, honors scientists, engineers, sustained exceptional contributions to advanc- and their organizations whose exemplary ac- ing science, or to a scientist whose career has tions, sometimes taken at signifi cant personal been distinguished both for scientifi c achieve- cost, have served to foster scientifi c freedom ment and for other notable services to the and responsibility. scientifi c community. Kiyoshi Kurokawa was honored for his contri- Anita K. Jones was selected on the basis of her bution to society by his remarkable steward- outstanding scientifi c-technical achievements; ship of an independent investigation into the her contributions as a mentor, inspiration, and causes of the Fukushima nuclear catastrophe. role model for other scientists and engineers; and her lifetime of exemplary public service to government, professional institutions, aca- Baratunde Cola demia, and industry. AAAS EARLY CAREER AWARD FOR PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT WITH SCIENCE Nancy B. Jackson The AAAS Early Career AAAS AWARD FOR SCIENCE Award for Public Engagement with Science, DIPLOMACY established in 2010 through the generosity of Established in 2012, the AAAS several AAAS donors, recognizes early-career Award for Science Diplomacy scientists and engineers who demonstrate recognizes an individual or a limited number of excellence in their contribution to public individuals working together in the scientifi c engagement with science activities. and engineering or foreign affairs communities making an outstanding contribution to further- Baratunde Cola was honored for his commit- ing science diplomacy. ment to an exceptional research career while sharing his passion for science by engaging in Nancy B. Jackson was recognized for her creative outreach with teachers and students ongoing commitment to international science in underrepresented communities. cooperation to prevent the theft and diversion of chemicals through the establishment of the Chemical Security Engagement Program, and for developing, nurturing, and advancing careers of scientists worldwide, with a special emphasis on women scientists in the Middle

ATLANTIC PHOTOGRAPHY ATLANTIC East and Southeast Asia.

35 Richard B. Alley Alice M. Agogino AAAS AWARD FOR PUBLIC AAAS MENTOR AWARD FOR ENGAGEMENT WITH SCIENCE LIFETIME ACHIEVEMENT The AAAS Award for Public The AAAS Mentor Award for Engagement with Science, Lifetime Achievement, estab- formerly the Award for Public Understanding lished in 1991, honors AAAS members who of Science and Technology, was established have mentored signifi cant numbers of stu- in 1987 and recognizes working scientists and dents from underrepresented groups or who engineers who make outstanding contribu- have changed the climate of a department, tions to the “popularization of science.” college, institution or fi eld to signifi cantly increase the diversity of students pursuing and Richard B. Alley was recognized for his completing doctoral studies in the sciences. decades-long, broadbased and exceptionally This award is directed toward individuals with effective efforts communicating the best of more than 25 years of success in mentoring climate science to excite the interest of the students. general public and policymakers. Alice M. Agogino was honored for her efforts to signifi cantly increase the number of women Cato Thomas Laurencin and African- and Hispanic-American doctorates AAAS MENTOR AWARD in engineering. The AAAS Mentor Award, established in 1996, honors AAAS members who have mentored signifi cant numbers of students AAAS NEWCOMB CLEVELAND PRIZE from underrepresented groups or who have Supported by The Fodor Family Trust changed the climate of a department, col- The Association’s oldest award, the AAAS lege, or institution to signifi cantly increase the Newcomb Cleveland Prize was established diversity of students pursuing and completing in 1923 with funds donated by Newcomb doctoral studies in the sciences. This award Cleveland of New York City. Now supported is directed toward individuals in the early- or by The Fodor Family Trust, the Prize acknowl- mid-career stage who have mentored students edges an outstanding paper published in the for less than 25 years. Articles, Research Articles, or Reports sections of Science. Cato Thomas Laurencin was recognized for his transformative impact and scientifi c contribu- Vincent Mourik, Kun Zuo, Sergey M. Frolov, tions toward mentoring students in the fi eld of Sébastien R. Plissard, Erik P. A. M. Bakkers, biomedical engineering. and Leo P. Kouwenhoven were recognized for the report “Signatures of Majorana Fermions in Hybrid Superconductor-Semiconductor Nanowire Devices” published in Science 25 May 2012, pp. 1003-1007.

36 AAAS/SUBARU SB&F PRIZES FOR AAAS KAVLI SCIENCE JOURNALISM AWARDS EXCELLENCE IN SCIENCE BOOKS These awards, endowed by Fred Kavli and The AAAS/Subaru SB&F Prizes for Excellence The Kavli Foundation, recognize excellence in in Science Books, established in 2005, reporting for a general audience and honor celebrate outstanding science writing and il- individual reporters for their coverage of the lustration for children and young adults. sciences, engineering and mathematics.

CHILDREN’S SCIENCE LARGE NEWSPAPER—CIRCULATION OF 100,000 PICTURE BOOK OR MORE Ocean Sunlight: How Tiny Carl Zimmer Plants Feed the Seas The New York Times Molly Bang and Penny Chisholm (Blue Sky Press) MAGAZINE Michelle Nijhuis MIDDLE GRADES Smithsonian magazine SCIENCE BOOK Temple Grandin: How the Girl TELEVISION SPOT NEWS/FEATURE REPORTING Who Loved Cows Embraced (20 MINUTES OR LESS) Autism and Changed the World Sheraz Sadiq Sy Montgomery KQED QUEST (San Francisco) (Houghton Miffl in) TELEVISION IN-DEPTH REPORTING (MORE YOUNG ADULT SCIENCE BOOK THAN 20 MINUTES) The Odyssey of KP2: An Orphan Sarah Holt and Laurie Donnelly Seal, a Marine Biologist, and WGBH/NOVA the Fight to Save a Species Terrie M. Williams RADIO (Penguin Press) Bari Scott, Alex Chadwick, Mary Beth Kirchner, Robert Rand, Robin Wise HANDS-ON SCIENCE BOOK SoundVision Productions for American Public Citizen Scientists: Be a Part of Media Scientifi c Discovery From Your Own Backyard ONLINE Loree Griffi n Burns Lynda V. Mapes, Steve Ringman, Genevieve (Henry Holt) Alvarez The Seattle Times

CHILDREN’S SCIENCE NEWS Kirsten Weir Current Health Kids

37 AAAS Fellows AAAS Fellows are elected annually by the AAAS Council for meritorious efforts to advance science or its applications. Fellows have made signifi cant contributions in areas such as research, teaching, technology, services to professional societies, and the communica- tion of science to the public. The following members, presented by Section affi liation, were elected Fellows in fall 2012. AAAS congratulates them and thanks them for their services to science and technology.

AGRICULTURE, FOOD & Katerina Semendeferi Gynheung An Lynn Cooley Gary R. Graves RENEWABLE RESOURCES Jan F. Simek Norman Arnheim Thomas L. Daniel Beverley R. Green James R. Alfano Peter Stuart Ungar Alexander V. Badyaev Priya Davidar Arno L. Greenleaf Nilsa A. Bosque-Pérez Diane L. Barber Roger J. Davis Elizabeth A. Grimm Richard M. Bostock ASTRONOMY James C.A. Bardwell Trisha Nell Davis Deborah L. Gumucio Edward S. Buckler Lynn R. Cominsky Susan Schloemer Bell Troy Day Barry Halliwell Yves Carrière Eli Dwek Shelley L. Berger Dennis R. Dean Jeffrey Wade Harper Mary Erin Delany Bruce G. Elmegreen Albert H. Beth Donald Harry Dean Reid N. Harris Kellye A. Eversole Neal J. Evans II James D. Bever Gregory E. Demas Ulrike A. Heberlein Mark Lawrence Failla Neil Gehrels John M. Blair Xing Wang Deng Steven Henikoff John James Finer Sun Kwok Bruce Blumberg Sharon Y.R. Dent Chien Ho Avtar Krishan Handa Angela V. Olinto Susan Bonner-Weir Robert J. Deschenes Mark W. Hochstrasser Maria J. Harrison Richard William Pogge Bruce A. Bowerman Lakshmi A. Devi Kay E. Holekamp James W. Jones Nathan A. Schwadron Susan H. Brawley Daryll B. DeWald David Houle Karen E. Koch Keivan Guadalupe Stassun Charles Brenner Biao Ding Xin-Yun Huang Weiping Liu Michiel van der Klis Michael R. Brent Andrew Dobson Peter J. Hudson Cathie Martin G. Mark Voit Edmund D. Brodie III Jerry B. Dodgson Michael Ibba William B. McGill Arthur M. Wolfe Yves V. Brun Kathleen Donohue Mark A. Israel Ravi Naidu Thomas P. Brutnell Lisa Alayne Donovan Georg Jander ATMOSPHERIC AND Kerry O’Donnell Breck Edward Byers Monica Driscoll Alan M. Jones HYDROSPHERIC Melvin J. Oliver SCIENCES Rafael Daniel Camerini- Crislyn D’Souza-Schorey Lynn Burgess Jorde N. LeRoy Poff Otero Thomas Stephen Bianchi Robert Joseph Duronio Leemor Joshua-Tor Sanjaya Rajaram Jane M. Carlton Anny Cazenave Walter Francis Eanes Valerian E. Kagan Matthew Brian Thomas Nicholas C. Carpita Harindra Joseph Shermal Joseph R. Ecker Patrick J. Keeling Michael Karl Udvardi Fernando Daniel D. Carson Bruce A. Edgar Douglas Bruce Kell Jonathan D. Walton Susan Joy Hassol Charles Williams Carter, Jr. Brian Joseph Enquist Darlene R. Ketten Guoyao Wu Brian John Hoskins Patrick J. Casey William Fredric Fagan Aaron A. King Kun Yan Zhu Robert A. Houze, Jr. Susan E. Celniker Jeffrey L. Feder Daniel F. Klessig Andrew John Weaver Roger Chalkley Xin-Hua Feng Rob Knight ANTHROPOLOGY Jianzhu Chen Bruce A. Freeman Anthony A. Kossiakoff Arlen Frank Chase BIOLOGICAL Zhijian ‘James’ Chen William C. (Clay) Fuqua Elena M. Kramer Mark V. Flinn SCIENCES Chi-Hing Christina Cheng David M. Gardiner Michael Steven Krangel Mary Anne Katzenberg Soman Ninan Abraham Xiaodong Cheng James Roy Garey Kenneth N. Kreuzer Joanna E. Lambert Anurag Agrawal Sallie Watson Chisholm Rachelle Gaudet Robert M. Krug Patricia Lambert Paul G. Ahlquist Ken W.Y. Cho Jonathan Gershenzon Julia Kubanek Lisa J. Lucero Susan C. Alberts Vitaly Citovsky Harold Lisle Gibbs Ratnesh Lal Lorena Madrigal Stephen Alexander Nancy Hall Colburn George W. Gilchrist Charles Lee Herbert D.G. Maschner Edith Bach Allen Luca Comai Lev R. Ginzburg Wen-Hwa Lee Elizabeth Jean Reitz Christopher I. Amos Roger D. Cone Patricia M. Glibert Jianming Li

38 Joyce E. Longcore Lance C. Seefeldt Michael F. Brown John M. Schwab Mohamed Gad-el-Hak Gary M. Lovett Elba E. Serrano Allison A. Campbell Sean Campbell Smith Andrés José García Susan T. Lovett Yun-Bo Shi Richard M. Caprioli Mohan Srinivasarao Emmanuel E. Gdoutos Sheng Luan Laurel Owen Sillerud Eugene Y. - X. Chen Arthur G. Suits Peyman Givi Hartmut Luecke Jane Silverthorne Lin X. Chen Basil I. Swanson Robert Goldstein Kunxin Luo Michael Kirtland Skinner Sue B. Clark Kenneth J. Takeuchi Mark A. Handschy Svetlana Lutsenko Barry Paul Sleckman Alvin L. Crumbliss Mark Edward Thompson Mark F. Horstemeyer Nancy R. Manley L. Dennis Smith Ken Czerwinski Frantisek˘ Turecek˘ Jacob N. Israelachvili Ann G. Matthysse Nahum Sonenberg Huw M.L. Davies Charles G. Wade Yogesh Jaluria Earl D. McCoy Stacia A. Sower Vincent Jo Davisson Jin Wang Suhada Jayasuriya Anthony David McGuire Raymond John St. Leger Norman J. Dovichi Peng George Wang Brian A. Korgel Hassane S. Mchaourab John A. Stamatoyannopou- Prabir K. Dutta Qian Wang Thomas F. Kuech Blake C. Meyers los Andrew D. Ellington Arieh Warshel Soundar Kumara Jeffery F. Miller Rolf Sternglanz C. Michael Elliott Kevin M. Weeks Chung K. (Ed) Law Richard A. Miller Peter Stiling Jeffrey D. Esko Gregory Alan Weiss Alberto Leon-Garcia Harry Lee Thompson Fengzhu Sun Pingyun Feng Christopher J. Welch Daniel A. Lidar Mobley Xiao-Hong Sun Robert A. Flowers II Carter T. White Zongli Lin Allen J. Moore Yi Sun Michel R. Gagné Olaf Wiest Azad M. Madni John V. Moran Joel L. Sussman Feng Gai Evan R. Williams Andreas Mandelis Donald L. Mykles William P. Tansey Nicholas E. Geacintov Angela K. Wilson Samir Mitragotri Mitzi Nagarkatti Ronald K. Taylor Franz M. Geiger John P. Wolfe Andreas F. Molisch Donald Owen Natvig Keiko U. Torii Jacquelyn Gervay-Hague Stanislaus S. Wong H. Keith Moo-Young Jeanne M. Nerbonne Richard Henry Treisman Jason E. Gestwicki William Hamilton Woodruff Ranga Narayanan Marcia E. Newcomer Ronald W. Trewyn David Peter Giedroc Jin-Quan Yu Arye Nehorai Stuart J. Newfeld Raphael H. Valdivia David S. Ginger, Jr. James C. Newman, Jr. Joseph P. Noel Eberhard O. Voit Theodore Goodson III DENTISTRY & ORAL Ellen Ochoa HEALTH SCIENCES Santa Jeremy Ono Diane K. Wagener Howard Lewis Hall Tatsuki Ohji Pamela K. Den Besten Elaine A. Ostrander Geoffrey O. Wasteneys D. Michael Heinekey Athanassios Z. Panagioto- David H. Kohn Duojia (DJ) Pan Ruth Welti Herbert Henderson Hill, Jr. poulos Jacques E. Nör Thomas A. Peterson Bruce J. West So Hirata Doug D. Perovic No-Hee Park George N. Phillips, Jr. Theodore C. White Ralf-Ingo Kaiser Zhihua Qu Eric M. Phizicky Bridget S. Wilson Mercouri G. Kanatzidis Rodney S. Ruoff EDUCATION Eran Pichersky George B. Witman Kattesh V. Katti Maria M. Santore A. Malcolm Campbell Jennifer A. Pietenpol Christopher V.E. Wright Sarah L. Keller Christine E. Schmidt Arthur J. Lidsky William Plunkett Robin Lynn Wright Marisa C. Kozlowski John M. Torkelson Karen D. Liller Richard S. Pollenz Hao Wu N. Rama Krishna Rama Venkatasubramanian Elizabeth Ann Nalley Alvaro Puga Anthony J. Wynshaw-Boris Anna I. Krylov Darsh T. Wasan George D. Nelson Jun Qin Rui-Ming Xu Krishna Kumar Ralph E. White Dennis Lee Schatz Shahin Rafii Wei Yang Sarah Cosgrove Larsen David B. Williams Ethel D. Stanley Francesco Ramirez Elton T. Young Charles Y-C Lee Rama Krishna Yedavalli Martin Storksdieck D. C. Rao Hongtao Yu Chao-Jun Li Yuntian T. Zhu Marshall D. Sundberg Mrinalini Chatta Rao Shuqun Zhang Jing Li Gabriela C. Weaver GENERAL INTEREST IN Carlene Allen Raper Yi Zhang R. Daniel Little Mark Allen Weiss SCIENCE & Andrew Fraser Read Keji Zhao Jie Liu ENGINEERING Michael Aaron Resnick Ming-Ming Zhou Janis Louie ENGINEERING Andy Boyles Nour-Eddine Rhaleb S. Lawrence Zipursky Leonard Richard Ilhan A. Aksay Cornelia Dean Markus Walter Ribbe MacGillivray Paschalis Alexandridis Peter Faletra Laura Jeanne Robles CHEMISTRY Richard Kenneth Marcus Luís A. Nunes Amaral Mandana Sassanfar Mark Gregory Robson Mahdi M. Abu-Omar Jennifer S. Martinez Michael D. Amiridis Patricia L. Ward Raymond L. Rodriguez Millard H. Alexander Jimmy W. Mays Dionissios (Dennis) N. Heather Cecile Allen Stephen Jay Warshaw G. David Roodman Ursula Mazur Assanis Bruce S. Ault Locke Rowe Kenneth L. Nash Kyriacos A. Athanasiou GEOLOGY & Zhenan Bao Rosa M. Ruiz-Vázquez Mary P. Neu Amit Bandyopadhyay GEOGRAPHY Phil S. Baran Ann Kiku Sakai Shuming Nie Kent D. Choquette Douglas West Burbank Ilan Benjamin Gary S. Sayler Susan V. Olesik Louis C. Chow Eugene Walter Domack Eric Block Thomas Friedrich Schilling Dennis G. Peters Panagiotis D. Christofides Steven George Driese Andrew S. Borovik Wolfgang Schmidt Arthur J. Ragauskas Alan W. Cramb R. Lawrence Edwards R. David Britt Danny J. Schnell Douglas Ray Jennifer Sinclair Curtis Gregory M. Erickson Stephanie L. Brock Jeffrey S. Schorey Hanna Reisler John G. Ekerdt Marilyn Louise Fogel Barbara M. Brodsky Maria Schumacher Tomislav Rovis David P. Fyhrie Thomas Hillman Jordan

39 Louise H. Kellogg LINGUISTICS & Hollis Tremaine Cline Ashutosh Kotwal Deirdre McCloskey David L. Kohlstedt LANGUAGE SCIENCE Jonathan D. Cohen Wim Leemans Melvin L. Oliver David W. Lea Sandra Chung Neal J. Cohen Shawn-Yu Lin Zhenchao Qian Isabel Patricia Montañez Peter Jeffrey Conn Andrea J. Liu Alvin E. Roth Daniel P. Schrag MATHEMATICS Pietro De Camilli Mikhail D. Lukin John Skvoretz Jeffrey Peck Severinghaus Susanne C. Brenner Yadin Dudai Aneesh Manohar Richard Michael Suzman Donald I. Siegel Robert Calderbank Robert Haas Edwards Christopher R. Monroe Howard J. Spero L. Pamela Cook-Ioannidis Ronald B. Emeson Douglas Natelson SOCIETAL IMPACTS OF SCIENCE & Sally Walker Susan Friedlander Howard Joshua Federoff George S. Nolas ENGINEERING Thomas Robert Watters Carolyn Gordon Joseph Robert Fetcho David D. Nolte Michael M. Crow Cathy Lynn Whitlock Deborah Frank Lockhart Ron D. Frostig Eric B. Norman Kathy L. Hudson Karl S. Zimmerer Susan Montgomery Alison Mary Goate Mark A. Novotny Jacob E. Levin James L. Goodson Anthony Joseph Peurrung Jane C. S. Long HISTORY & MEDICAL SCIENCES Judy Illes Philip W. Phillips PHILOSOPHY OF Dietram A. Scheufele Edward A. Berger Julie A. Kauer Joseph G. Polchinski SCIENCE Lars Berglund David Kleinfeld Richard Henry Price STATISTICS Michael R. Dietrich Hal Edward Broxmeyer Hiroaki Matsunami Federico Rosei Arlene S. Ash Paul E. Griffiths Genhong Cheng David A. McCormick Randal C. Ruchti Katherine Bennett Ensor Frederick Grinnell Linzhao Cheng Cynthia F. Moss Nitin Samarth Marc G. Genton Margaret W. Rossiter Robert James Coffey, Jr. Elisabeth Adams Murray Kenneth J. Schafer Barry I. Graubard Marco Colombini INDUSTRIAL SCIENCE & Phillip G. Popovich Surajit Sen Karen Kafadar Alan D. D’Andrea TECHNOLOGY Alcino J. Silva Ian Shipsey KyungMann Kim Eric Delpire William S. Marras Nelson Spruston Melvyn J. Shochet Ira M. Longini, Jr. Sarah S. Donaldson Michael Nastasi Xiao-Jing Wang Alexei P. Sokolov David Madigan Ronald N. Germain John M. Newsam Alan Geoffrey Watts Gene D. Sprouse Nitis Mukhopadhyay M. Eric Gershwin Samuel Ting Haikady N. Nagaraja INFORMATION Maura Lianne Gillison PHARMACEUTICAL Renata M.M. Wentzcovitch Allan R. Sampson COMPUTING & Clifford Vincent Harding III SCIENCES Ali Yazdani Nell Sedransk COMMUNICATION David G. Harrison Michael Aschner Sherry J. Yennello Ajit C. Tamhane Miklós Ajtai Hedvig Hricak Paula C. Bickford Anton Zeilinger Marina Vannucci Prabir Bhattacharya Holly A. Ingraham Mark Cushman Xiaowei Zhuang Naisyin Wang Azzedine Boukerche Raghu Kalluri Paul F. Hollenberg Ronald L. Wasserstein Justine Cassell Hagop M. Kantarjian Marilyn Emily Morris PSYCHOLOGY Russell D. Wolfinger Amr El Abbadi Stuart M. Levitz John Michael Pezzuto Nelson Cowan Weng Kee Wong Joan Feigenbaum A. Thomas Look Rao S. Rapaka Celia B. Fisher Paul F. Fischer Kun Ping Lu David E. Smith Margaret Gatz Lawrence O’Higgins Hall Ormond A. MacDougald Anil Kumar Sood Peter Adrian Hancock Raj Jain Richard Mayeux Charles M. Thompson Todd F. Heatherton Lydia E. Kavraki Kohei Miyazono Carston R. Wagner Julia R. Heiman Benjamin Jack Kuipers Jan A. Nolta Lynn Wecker Ned H. Kalin Michael J. Kurtz John Joseph O’Shea, Jr. Todd D. Little PHYSICS Prasant Mohapatra David Pellman Steven J. Luck Manish Parashar Reed E. Pyeritz Andrew Robert Baden Laurence T. Maloney Nagarajan Ranganathan Dan Mark Roden Dimitri N. Basov Alex Martin Thomas C. Rindfleisch Lawrence E. Samelson Michael J. Bedzyk John J. McArdle Eunice E. Santos Rozanne M. Sandri-Goldin Nigel D. Browning Joseph Lee Rodgers III Ali H. Sayed Mark S. Schlissel Patricia R. Burchat John M. Roll Karen R. Sollins Mary Sharon Stack Antonio Helio Castro-Neto Steven K. Shevell Arun K. Somani Lishan Su Paul M. Champion Eliot R. Smith Aravind Srinivasan Kenneth S.K. Tung Pengcheng Dai Anthony D. Wagner Ashok N. Srivastava Jeffery Marvin Vance Stefan Gottfried Frauendorf Timothy D. Wilson George O. Strawn Sten H. Vermund Michael S. Fuhrer Howard N. Zelaznik Roberto Tamassia J. Lindsay Whitton Peter M. Garnavich Carol Tenopir Paul M. Goldbart SOCIAL, ECONOMIC & Kevin Lowell Thompson NEUROSCIENCE Benjamin Grinstein POLITICAL SCIENCES Victor Vianu Timothy J. Bartness Kenneth Heller Xindong Wu Joanne Berger-Sweeney Theodore A. Jacobson Howard E. Aldrich Qiang Yang Cesario Venturina Rongying Jin Nicole Woolsey Biggart Borlongan James Kakalios Herbert Gintis Randy Lee Buckner Christopher J. Keane Randy Hodson Vince D. Calhoun Edward Paul Lazear

40 Acknowledgment of Contributors and Patron Members The AAAS Board of Directors gratefully acknowledges the individuals and organizations whose commitment to AAAS has sustained our efforts to advance science in the service of society and supported new activities in 2012.

Lifetime Giving Society The Lifetime Giving Society recognizes our most generous living donors – individuals who have contributed a cumulative total of $100,000 or more during the course of their involvement with AAAS. Sibyl R. Golden Alan I. & Agnes F. Leshner The Roger & Ellen Revelle Family Fred Kavli Edith D. Neimark David E. Shaw & Beth Kobliner Shaw

Decade Club The Decade Club recognizes individuals who have supported AAAS for ten or more consecutive years.

Anonymous (2) Bruce H. Dana Irving S. & Alwyn N. Peter O’Donnell, Jr. James Stolzenbach Jean Beard Robin L. Dennis Johnson Allison R. Palmer F. William Studier Leslie Z. Benet Paul M. Densen† Elaine Kant Joseph C. Parker, Jr. Joan C. Suit Ernest L. Bergman Craig & Alison Fields Rodger & Doris Ketcham Ralph H. Petrucci Donald A. Swanson Herman Birch Frank W. Fitch Bernard M. Kulwicki Ranard J. Pickering Thomas K. Toyama Phillip L. Blair Robert C. Forney Walter R. Lawson Rex F. Pratt A. Forrest Troyer C. John Blankley Helen L. Foster Alan I. & Agnes F. Leshner Edward R. Rang Ari van Tienhoven Herbert Blumenthal Joseph G. Gall Philip Lichtenberg Donald G. Rea Charles P. Wales Charles S. Brown S. Raymond Gambino John H. Litchfi eld Juan G. Roederer Emmerson Ward Om bravisshi Om Buddhu David M. Gates Lars Ljungdahl Kenneth L. Rose Robert T. Ward William A. Buehring Mark L. Gilberstadt Walter & Shirley Massey Robert Rosenthal Elizabeth K. Weisburger Dennis E. Buetow Sarah B. Glickenhaus Robert L. Molinari Melvin Ross Robert D. Westfall Jean B. Burnett Albert E. Goss Angelyn & Kevin Moore Andrew M. Sessler Gary R. White Michael J. Calderwood Albert L. Hale David W. Moreland David E. Shaw & Beth Charles Yanofsky Nathaniel Chafee Daniel A. Hamlin Patricia H. Moyer Kobliner Shaw Mary E. Clutter James E. Hammerberg Peter B. Myers Emma Shelton Robert C. Cowen Franklin M. Harold Christer E. Nordman Linda C. Smith Richard H. Cox George John Marie U. Nylen David G. Stahl President’s Circle Individuals who made signifi cant pledges and contributions to sustain our most timely and important activities in 2012 are highlighted here as part of the President’s Circle, an initiative to recognize our top donors each year. $100,000 and $25,000 - Ruth M. Davis† $5,000 - $9,999 $2,500 - $4,999 Eloise E. Clark Paul M. Doty† Jeffrey A. Cooper above $49,999 Anonymous (2) Anonymous, in Gregory S. & Roy Curtiss III Fred Kavli Stephen P. A. Fodor Phillip L. Blair memory of Myrtle Marcella Ferriss Ray Zeiber, Jill Federico Faggin Alan I. & Fred A. Blum Alice S. Huang & Sharon Sheridon, Robert B. Litterman Agnes F. Leshner Chet & Marie Britten $50,000 - David Baltimore Tucker Hake Ellen J. Scherl Cherry A. Murray $99,999 Steven J. Greenberg Janet J. Asimov Pauline P. Lee in Norman & Georgine Randal J. Kirk David E. Shaw & memory of Gary & Fay Neureiter $10,000 - Bernard S. Lee John S. Reed Beauchamp Beth Kobliner Peter O’Donnell, Jr. Shaw $24,999 Edith D. Neimark Woody & Lyn Savage, Floyd E. Bloom Simon Ramo John Chao Claire Perry in honor of John Lucio Chiaraviglio Marean Beth A. Rosner John M. Clough, Jr. David E. Shaw †Deceased 41 Pablo Valenzuela Robert J. Glaser Jo Ellen & Mark Roseman Paul Berg Martin Elvis Warren B. Weisberg Sarah B. Glickenhaus Robert Rosenthal Leslie C. Berlowitz Mary C. Farach-Carson Dr. Fernando J. Zúñiga y Howard Gobstein Sue V. Rosser Mani L. Bhaumik Gillian M. Fenton Rivero Erwin Goldberg Arnold Roy R. Byron Bird Isaiah J. Fidler & Sibyl R. Golden Howard A. Royle Peter D. Blair Margaret L. Kripke $1,000 - $2,499 Mary L. Good Glenn E. Schweitzer Robert C. Bless Thomas H. Finlay Pablo I. Altieri, M.D. Arthur F. Hebard Andrew M. Sessler Felix H. Boehm Eric Firing Anonymous (7) Donald E. Henson Phillip A. & Ann H. Sharp Stuart Bondurant Gerald J. Fishman David Atlas Ralph Hillman Richard B. Silverman Edward M. Boughton Frank W. Fitch D. James Baker Paul Hoff Andrew D. Sinauer John Brademas Charles J. Flora Nicholas A. Begovich William F. Holmes Henry B. Sinclair Michael Bradie Elson Floyd Jerry A. Bell & Mary Ann Gordon R. Hough Edward S. Spoerl Nyle C. Brady Richard M. Forester Stepp Sahar Houshdaran Peter J. Stang Richard Brandshaft Efi Foufoula-Georgiou Hans Bergstrom Joan M. Hutchins Dusan Stefoski Richard G. Brennan John & Mary Frantz Elwyn & Jennifer Irwin & Joan Jacobs Mary Ann Stepp Josephine P. Briggs Hans Frauenfelder Berlekamp Phyllis E. Johnson Peter F. Stevens Joost A. Businger Joel M. Friedman Margaret M. & Will B. Dale Kagan & F. William Studier Robert C. Calfee Richard Friedman Betchart Elyse Rosenstein Judy Swanson Marc A. Carrasco Bernd Fritzsch Adele L. Boskey Valerie F. Kaplan Matthew D. Todd Victor T. Chang Bill & Julie Fulkerson Peter Boyer Elizabeth M. Keithley Alar Toomre Lloyd F. Chase Deborah J. Fulton Monica M. & E. James Tong Kele Philip C. Trackman Tom D. Y. Chin Charles G. Gaines Bradford Bruce L. Larson Dan Vickery Norman E. Cima S. Raymond Gambino Lewis & Connie Branscomb Catherine & George Ledec Bailus Walker, Jr. Jon C. Clardy Frederick R. Gehlbach Andrew L. Brill Joe R. Lee David Weiser Ellen W. Clayton Terry T. Gerritsen Harold E. Burkhart S. David Leonard Thomas E. Wellems James S. Clegg Terry L. Gilmore Jean B. Burnett Lawrence D. Longo Robert A. Weller James H. Cleland Janet R. Gilsdorf Peter Byers John Lummis Corwith C. White Thomas E. Clemente Jesus Gomez-Navarro A. S. Cargill Allan J. Lundeen W. L. Wilson Edward H. Coe, Jr. Kim L. Graham Carlton M. Caves Carol B. Lynch Bruce W. Worster Stirling A. Colgate Marea E. Hatziolos Grant Nathaniel Chafee Craig C. Malbon Oran R. Young Rita R. & Jack H. Colwell Henry T. Greely Maarten J. Chrispeels J. David Malone David Comb Mark L. Green Kathleen K. Church David H. Marlowe James D. Cox M.R.C. Greenwood Mary E. Clutter $500 - $999 J. Howard Marshall III Bruce H. Dana Irene Meyer & Albert Greif George W. Cogan & John D. Aach John T. Melson Jackson Davis Donald F. Grether Fannie Allen Sam H. Adams, Jr. Richard A. Meserve Vincent Jo Davisson Samuel Gubins Donald G. Comb Ernest Adelman Ronald D. Miller Kenneth A. DeGhetto Alfred W. Hales Jonathan C. Coopersmith Edwin J. Adlerman Ernest J. Moniz Robert J. DeLap Donald P. Harrington Kenneth A. Cowin Mihran S. Agbabian Gordon E. & Betty I. Moore Darryl C. DeVivo William K. Hart William H. Danforth Anonymous (17) William A. Murphy, Jr. John J. Deyst, Jr. John H. Hash Troy E. Daniels Kenneth B. Armitage Judith K. Nyquist Russell R. Dickerson Fernand A. Hayot Jeffrey S. Dean Samuel Aronson Gilbert S. Omenn & N. L. Doligalski Robert E. Healing John T. Deane Arthur K. Asbury Martha A. Darling W. Graeme Donovan William R. Hearst III George E. DeBoer Carolyn H. Asbury Claire L. Parkinson Ruth A. Douglas Liz K. Hedstrom Priscilla C. Doman Miguel A. Asomoza Edward E. Penhoet Richard D. Drake E. Keith Hege Albert T. Dosser David R. Atkinson Joseph G. Perpich & Radoje Drmanac Holliday C. Heine Jaquelin P. Dudley Cathy Sulzberger Diola Bagayoko Philip M. DuBois Susan J. Henning Charles W. Eigenbrot, Jr. Jeffrey W. Pferd David P. Bahner Loyal & Bernice Durand Thomas L. Henson Gerald L. Epstein Charles C. Philipp Mary C. Barber Elizabeth D. Earle Peter K. Hepler William R. Eyler William H. Press & Jeanne P. Barry Elizabeth E. Ehrenfeld Charles E. Hess John F. Finerty Jeffrey F. Howell Merton R. Barry Henry L. Ehrlich John R. Hess Joseph V. & Edward K. Rice Roger N. Beachy Arthur Eisenkraft John E. Hiatt Philomena M. Formica Thomas C. Rindfleisch Henry F. & Vincent A. Elder Kim Q. Hill Robert C. Forney Juan G. Roederer Christine Sasso Beechhold Lynn & Kathleen Enquist Jacquelyn Hoke Paul J. Friedman Antonio H. Romano Richard W. Benjamin Alan J. Eynon Raymond W. Holton John C. Fuhr Pamela C. Ronald Donald P. Gaver, Jr. Leo L. Beranek Giuseppina Fabbiano & Keelung Hong

42 Owen M. Hubbard John R. MacDonald, Ph.D. John E. Niederhuber Nicholas Schlageter Gene S. Thomas David C. Humm Merritt C. Maduke Concepcion R. Nierras Peter Schlosser Heriberto V. Thomas Mien-Chie Hung Artur Mager Ronald P. & Paul L. Schmidbauer William A. Thomas Charles L. Hunze, Jr. Mardi & Michael Maitland Joan M. Nordgren Alan Schriesheim Anne M. Thompson Leon Hyman John C. Makemson Arthur N. Palmer Sara L. Schupf Joshua Thomson David W. Ignat Shirley & Horace Malcom C. Harvey Palmer Steven Shak J. E. Tillmann Elaine S. Jaffe Maria Julia Marinissen Betty L. Petrie Lu J. Sham Alvin V. Tollestrup Karen S. Jakes Hans M. Mark Ralph H. Petrucci Thomas D. Sharkey Sam Z. Toma Irving S. & Wayne Martin Daniel Pinkel Charles J. Sherr Robert D. Toto Alwyn N. Johnson Kathleen & Christiane T. Piselli Jean’ne M. Shreeve Leon Trilling Matthew & Donna Johnson Randall Matthews Jonathan A. Plucker Saul Silverstein Gertrude M. Tyce Michael M. Kaback Ray Mattison R.K. & G.J. Rains Charles A. Simenstad Jashvant D. Unadkat Hideko Kaji Robert Maurer Edward R. Rang Joseph V. Simone John Urquhart John R. Kane Michael M. May Stephen Rayport David J. Simons Ari van Tienhoven Elaine Kant Chris L. McAuliffe James C. Register III Bruce M. Simonson Jui H. Wang Edward Keenan Jim & Sue McCarthy Leonard Reiffel James L. Smith Nancy E. Warner David E. Kerley Marcia K. McNutt Charles M. Rice III Judson Somerville Warren & Mary Washington John G. King David Meinke Burton Richter Frank J. Sonleitner Donald & Beverly Waters Miles V. Klein Anastasios Melis Frederick H. Rindge George C. & Kenneth L. Webb P. Dileep Kumar James E. Melvin Neil Risch Maradel B. Sonnichsen Robert J. Weimer George Kunkel Thomas R. Mertens Cynthia Robinson Mary C. St. John Molly H. Weinburgh Jerome Kutliroff A. W. Kenneth Metzner Thomas S. Robison Juli Staiano & John D. Weinland Lois D. Lehman-McKeeman Barton Milligan Linda Rockliff, in memory Marc Washington Luiz Weksler James U. Lemke Robert L. Molinari of Burton W. Rockliff Albert T. Steegmann, Jr. Elizabeth D. Whitaker Richard & Madelein Lenski Edwin G. Moore John L. Rosenfeld Judith S. Stern Ralph R. Widner Richard A. Lethin Sandra O. Moose David J. Salant Edward C. Stone, Jr. Bruce B. Williams Daniel J. Lew Bayard H. Morrison Federico Sanchez Michael P. Stone John S. & Judith H. Willis Mark T. Lewellyn Enrico Mugnaini Sean Sanders Herbert T. Streu Philip J. & Carolyn Wyatt Lowell N. Lewis Lawrence S. Myers, Jr. Alfred P. Sattelberger Richard C. Stroh George Yang Philip Lichtenberg Venkatesh Narayanamurti P. Jackson Schad Janet B. Svirsky Charles Yanofsky Peter R. Limburg Paul E. Neiman Naomi Schedl Masaki Tan Ann M. Stock Zakaria Jerry B. Lingrel Owen J. Newlin Thomas C. Schelling Richard V. Telloni Marvin Zelen

We are grateful to the following donors for their contributions of $100 or more: $250 - $499 Sheldon Baumrind Gary L. Cecchini Robin L. Dennis Herbert C. Friedmann Edward W. Beals R. A. Cesena Timothy Devaremme Mary K. Gaillard Edward M. Acton Jean Beard Jagdish Chandra Bruce L. Dietrich Georgine M. Garbisch Cyrus H. Adams R. P. Belden Walter J. Chazin Joe B. Dixon David Garvin Heman P. Adams Harvey E. Belkin Martin A. Cheever Roger Eichhorn Eli Glatstein Philip D. Aines Barbara Bell Hillel J. Chiel Franco Einaudi Paul W. Glimcher Ramesh K. Akkina Charles F. Bennett, Jr. Robert W. Christopherson Robert N. Eisenman Malcolm S. Gordon Nancy W. Alcock-Hood Herman Birch Ralph M. Clark George A. Englesson Mary E. W. & Albert E. Goss James M. Anderson C. John Blankley Steven Clawson Edwin P. Ewing, Jr. Kathleen L. Gould Robert Andres Philip K. Bondy James & Stella Coakley Emmanuel Farber Konstantin Goulianos Anonymous (24) John G. Bordie David Collier David W. Faris Gerardo W. Gross Naoko Arai Dewey E. Born Dale K. Colyer William E. Farrell William J. Guilford A. Arnheim J. Stuart Bratholdt James K. Coward Allison F. Fentiman Matthias Haase David P. Balamuth Robert M. Brenner Walter Craig James P. Ferris Duane E. Haines Alain Balland William F. Brinkman Thomas I. Crowell Lewis T. Fitch Daniel A. Hamlin Martin S. Banks Michael F. Briselli Michael Cynamon Lysia S. Forno Ingeborg Hanbauer-Costa Ronald E. Banks Robert D. Brown, Jr. J. D. S. Danielson Daniel W. Foster Roy M. Havenhill William A. Bardeen Dennis E. Buetow Igor B. Dawid Helen L. Foster Evan B. Hazard Franklin L. Barnes, Jr. Elizabeth R. Butch Richard M. Deamer Richard A. Frankel Alan J. Heeger Paul A. Bartlett Joiner Cartwright, Jr. Steve J. Demuth Kathy E. Freas Susan M. Hinkins Steven J. Battel

43 Robert L. Hoguet III Albert S. Mildvan James P. Stone Lizabeth A. Allison Edwin F. Bartholomew Sharon Hrynkow Jerry W. Miller Shepard B. Stone W. Anthony Allison John R. Barton Paul F. Hudrlik Beatrice Mintz Alan J. Strauss Charles E. Alpers Thomas R. & Kay Huebner Michael J. Moratto Donald A. Swanson Norman J. Alvares Johanna K. Baruch Thomas K. Hunt Stewart Lee Moses Richard L. Swent Joseph Amann Vicki, Ed & Madi Bass, in honor of Mr. & Mrs. Sally T. Ishizaka Kristen L. Mueller Andrew G. Szent-Gyorgyi Stefan Ambs Ronnie Wooten Marianna Jackson Thomas W. Mullikin Edward Tarbuck Robert G. Amundson Hyman Bass Neil H. Jacoby, Jr. William M. Murray Robert B. Tesh Edward Anders Anna Battenhouse Sheila & Jay Jasanoff Peter B. Myers Arthur R. Thomas Gordon W. Anderson Diana J. Bauer Thomas W. Jeffries Thomas W. Newton David H. Thompson J. Anderson Kyle D. Bayes Joseph R. Jehl, Jr. John P. O’Connell Jeremy W. Thorner James J. Anderson T. Edmund Beck Samson A. Jenekhe Richard T. Oehrle Robert W. Thresher Linda M. Anderson David C. Beebe Hollis R. Johnson Jeanette A. Paintsil P. Tillier Lloyd L. Anderson John C. Behrendt Jiri Jonas Victor R. Palmeri James W. Titus Paul M. Anderson Alvin L. Beilby Anita K. Jones Suresh S. Patil Franklin H. Top, Jr. Sara F. Anderson George A. Bekey William G. Kaelin, Jr. Glen Perry Thomas K. Toyama Robert C. Angerer Paul Belanger Joanne K. Kelleher Edward B. Picou, Jr. David H. Tracy Robert R. H. Anholt Edward A. Belongia James M. Kendall John T. Pigott Kalliat T. Valsaraj Anonymous (86) Roy Benedek Rodger & Doris Ketcham Ken D. Pischel Albert F. Wagner Rudi Ansbacher Michael W. Benenson Thomas A. Kitchens William H. Plotkin Harold Walba Bradley C. Antanaitis Leslie Z. Benet Michael S. Klassen Glenn D. Prestwich Charles Walcott Frederick J. Antosz Thomas L. Benjamin Jane Q. Koenig Stephen C. Ragatz W. James Waldman Michael W. Arenton Donald R. Bennett Rajiv Kohli John D. Randall Mark E. Weaver Edward M. Arnett Jennifer M. Berardi Shohei Koide Jimmy L. Rash Irwin Welber Mary C. Arnold Matthew J. Berberich Edward J. Kormondy Francis Repas Michael L. Wells William Aron Richard Beresford Michael H. Kroll Mary E. Rice Donat G. Wentzel William C. Ashby Elena M. Berger T. G. Ksiazek Lynn M. Riddiford & Robert D. Westfall Arnold C. Ashcraft Ernest L. Bergman Benjamin J. Kuipers James W. Truman James P. Whipple Laurence D. Ashly Maria V. Bergmann Michael Hon-Wah Lam Henry M. Rines Irvin L. White Balasubramania H. Athreya Herbert L. Berk Joseph S. Lappin Robert J. Ringlee John F. Wilkerson Marc S. Atkins Arthur Berman Kathleen Hoey Lavoie John D. Roberts Robert L. Winders Ronald K. Atwood R. Stephen Berry Myron C. Ledbetter William L. Robison Keith D. Wing William S. Augerson Richard F. Berthelsdorf Douglass B. Lee, Jr. Tina Roeder Sidney G. Winter, Jr. David S. & Kevin P. Bertrand Howard Leventhal Alan E. Rogers J. Walter Woodbury Kathleen N. Ayres Rose Bethe Richard A. Levinson Felix J. Rogers George E. Woody Timothy N. Ayres Erwin P. Bettinghaus Charles A. Lewis, Jr. Dennis A. Roscetti Milton Zaitlin Daniel L. Azarnoff Joseph P. Bevak Herman S. Lilja Kenneth L. Rose Felix E. Zajac III Jocelyne Bachevalier William C. Bianchi Rulon K. Linford Vera C. Rubin Charlotte M. Zitrin Thomas A. Badgwell Paul Bickart Robert B. Loftfield George D. Ryerson Walter S. Baer John T. Bickmore Iris L. Long Mary Sale Stanley Bailis $100 - $249 Charles E. Bidwell John P. Loveridge Tamiko Sato Carol Baird James S. Aagaard Theodore I. Bieber Paul Lovoi Cecily C. Selby Mary Ann Baker Ashley J. Aberg David K. Biegelsen Paul A. Luciw Earl H. Sexton Mark Balas S. C. Abrahams George E. Bigelow Charles A. Lundquist Carleton B. Shay Samuel F. Baldwin Melissa Acosta Kelly Biggs William B. Lyons Emma Shelton N. Addison Ball Ernest C. Adams Nancy G. Bigham Clifford K. Madsen Paul F. Shepard David P. Ballou Roger W. Addor Victor J. Bilotta Mary E. Mahoney Lawrence C. Shimmin Karen J. Bame Jill P. Adler Graeme Birchall David J. March Charles H. Shultz C. Kenneth Banks, Jr. Leif A. Ahrens Nirendra N. Biswas Thomas J. Marlowe Mrityunjay Singh Joseph C. Barbaccia Cameron Ainsworth Peter E. Black Susan A. Matthies Jack Sjostrom R. Keith Bardin Ingrid E. Akerblom Meredith Blackwell John E. McDonald W. R. Smith-Vaniz John Bark Susan C. Alberts Gregor Blaha John M. McGhee Peter B. Snyder Wayne Barnes Charles P. Alexander, Mordecai P. Blaustein Q. D. Stephen-Hassard Franklin H. Barnwell John R. Menninger in memory of Jerome L. Bleiweis Carl R. Merril Peter J. Stoddard Leon M. Jaroff Monique Barrett Robert J. Blendon Colin A. Michie James Stolzenbach Caitilyn Allen Craig S. Barrow

44 Daniel Blitz David Card John D. Corbett Gilbert R. Di Leone John H. Exton Tim Bloom Fernando P. Cardenas Pierce S. Corden Sidney Diamond Sandra M. Faber Herbert Blumenthal Vernon B. Cardwell Richard C. Corlett David B. Dickinson, Jr. Robert L. Fairchild Hans R. Bode Andrew G. Carey Jimmy C. Cornette Paul W. Dickson, Jr. Curtis Farrar John K. Boitnott James M. Carhart Charles D. Cornwell Paula Diehr Kenneth R. Farrell Susan & Jeffrey Bond William C. Carlson Albert E. Cosand Michael A. Dillon John W. Farrington Martha W. Bond Ralph L. Carmichael Patricia F. Cottam David F. Dinges Ralph W. Fasold Susan B. Bonner-Weir Peter D. Carragher Robert C. Cowen Omer Divers Theodore F. Fathauer Joseph Bordogna Joseph Carson George L. Cowgill Winifred W. Doane James A. Fay David & Harriet Borton Robert A. Cary George E. Cowperthwaite Walter Luis B. Doege Benedict Feinberg John D. Bower Carolyn L. Cason Richard H. Cox Patricia K. Donahoe Arnold M. Feingold Elmo L. Bowman Paul A. Catacosinos Harold P. Coyle, Jr. Terrence M. Donohue, Jr. Shelagh Ferguson-Miller James N. Bradbury Ann D. Catlett George W. Crabtree Linneaus C. Dorman Herbert E. Ferran, Jr. Rick Bradford Winslow S. Caughey William A. Craig Michael P. Doyle William Fickinger Roscoe R. Braham, Jr. Peter C. Chabora Arthur R. Crampton Jeff Dozier Herbert C. Field Robert L. Brammer John H. Chamberlain Stephen H. Crandall Abraham I. & John B. Fieser Kristi M. Branch Yuan Chao Peter H. Crawford Marianna Dranetz Gerald J. Filbin Jonathan Braun Paul G. Chapin Denton W. Crocker Mary B. Dratman Terese Finitzo Rubin Braunstein Gary A. Chapman Gay M. Crooks Paul Dreizen Olivera J. Finn Alexander J. Bridges Stanley E. Charm John H. Crowe George B. Driesen Kathleen M. Fisher Paul J. Brindley Allen R. Chauvenet Alfred J. Crowle Lester Dubnick Morris A. Fisher Jon M. Brooks Eugene Y. - X. Chen William L. Cruce Robert A. Dudley James E. Fitzgerald Raymond Brooks Yenming Cheng Kenny S. Crump, Sr. Marilyn J. Duncan Yael Fitzpatrick Charles S. Brown Peter Chesson Franklin Cruz Raynor L. Duncombe David J. Fletcher Dennis J. Brown Arthur N. Chester August O. Curley Thomas H. & Edward A. Foegeding Sylvia A. M. Dunning Donald J. Brown Wai-Yim Ching Gregory Cybul Margaret L. Fonda Josee Dupuis Harold H. Brown Purnell W. Choppin Donn D’Alessio John I. Ford Richard W. Dutton Susan G. Brown Albert K. Christensen Joseph A. D’Anna, Jr. Thomas A. Ford Daniel J. Dwyer John C. Browne Stanley H. Christensen Beverly A. Dale-Crunk William J. Forrest John L. Dwyer Joshua C. Brumberg Robert L. Christiansen Joan Dash Mark A. Fortuna Ira Dyer John S. Brusca Tze-Yao & Sita K. Dash Mary H. Foster Joseph E. Earley Barbara Bryant Margaret S. Y. Chu Jasper R. Daube William C. Fothergill Kirk A. Easley Robert W. Bryant Leo T. Chylack Gary S. David Reba B. Fournier Douglas P. Easton Susan V. Bryant Shaun F. Clancy Herbert A. David Elizabeth Fowler John Eberhard Nisso Bucay George A. Clark, Jr. Joseph Davie Thomas R. Fowler Gregor P. Eberli Evan Buck Robert A. Clark David L. Davies Joseph Frankel Estia J. Eichten William A. Buehring Theodore C. Clarke Charles F. Davis, Jr. William S. Frankl Alfred W. Eipper Esther A. Bullitt David R. Coahran Peter L. Davis Mark V. Frezzo Carol S. Eisenberg Beryl Burgess George D. Cody Richard O. Davis Carl Frieden Richard Eisenberg Mary F. Burke Jules Cohen David S. Dayton Stephen Frolking Larry D. Eldridge Marvin D. Burkhart Michael P. Cohen P. J. De Jong William E. Fry Mark P. Elenko Karolyn Burkhart-Schultz Nadine D. Cohen Catherine D. DeAngelis Dennis G. Fryback Gary D. Ellis Ronald G. Burns H. Steven Colburn Charles H. Debrovner Glenn Fuller Lynn W. Ellis Stephen H. Burns Geoffrey A. Cole Hans W. Decker Kwok S. Fung Thomas S. Ely John E. Burris Paul D. Coleman William P. Deiss Stephen K. Furnas David K. Emmel Daryle H. Busch G. James Collatz Charles J. Delp Mitchell H. Gail Bernard T. Engel Edward G. Buss Steven Condas Richard Demak Horace M. Gaims Pamela Engel Donald G. Buth James W. Conine Gunther Dennert Harold Gainer David J. Epstein Bradford Butman Arthur R. Cooke Paul M. Densen Joseph G. Gall Robert S. Erdmann Susan B. Butts C. Robert Cooke Peter R. Denwood A. K. Ganguly Robert L. Erickson Stephen E. Buxser Lynn Cooley Kathryn L. Deriemer Kristin Garcia Susan G. Ernst Tina M. Calderon Paul R. Cooley James K. Detling Turkan K. Gardenier W. Gary Ernst Michael J. Calderwood Max D. Cooper Marshall E. Deutsch Murray B. Gardner Joann L. Evans Michael Calhoun Carol M. Copp Arthur L. Devries William G. Gardner Randal S. Evans Virginia W. Campbell Philip Coppens Gordon P. DeWolf, Jr. David E. Garfin

45 David J. Garfinkel G. Sheldon Green Oscar E. Hayes Charles E. Huntington Robert Keefe Margaret A. Garnjost Michael V. Green L. Julian Haywood Michael A. Huston Judith C. Keen David M. Gates Frederick D. Greene John S. Hege Michael J. Hutzler Bettie F. Kehrt Fritz Gautschi R. L. Greene Santosh A. Helekar James Hwang B. C. Keith Robert E. Gawley William B. Greenough III Leon Heller Leonard S. Hyman James E. Keith Sinclair Gearing John S. & Deborah Samuel Hellman David E. Illig John L. Kelland John C. Gehring Greenspan Hellen Hellmich Takeru Imanishi G. Randy Keller Janet Geisselsoder Brian A. Gregg Daniel Herdeman Marylou Ingram T. Ross Kelly Aaron J. Gellman Gordon L. Grosscup Joseph P. Heremans Roger Innes William E. Kelly Richard J. Gentile William M. Groton Pablo M. Hernandez Harold E. Jackson, Jr. Marvin D. Kemple C. L. Gephart Helen K. Groves Mario Herrera-Marschitz Robert W. Jackson Arthur Kendall Walter Gerhard Melvin M. Grumbach Jackson R. Herring Mary Jacob Charles F. Kennel Edward Gerjuoy Karl A. Gschneidner, Jr. Davis Hershey George T. Jacobi Thomas W. Kensler George L. Gerton Jean M. Gudas Roger A. Hess William R. Jacobs Kern E. Kenyon Jacquelyn Gervay-Hague Tee Guidotti Jan P. Hessler John H. Jacobsen Anthony M. Kerdock Jason E. Gestwicki Harold Gumbel William Heyman Andre T. Jagendorf Elton Kessel Anne E. Giblin C. David Gutsche Lyndon S. Hibbard John Jagger Philip S. Khoury David T. Gibson Joseph C. Guzzo Paul I. Hicock Jill Jaroff Earl Kicliter Irma Gigli Joanna F. Haas Donald E. Hildebrandt Michael Jennings Ray E. Kidder Mark L. Gilberstadt Jerrier A. Haddad Norwood O. Hill Dana M. Jensen Sylvia Kihara & Neal C. Gillespie Michael G. Hadfield John C. Hilliard William A. Jensen Roger J. Neill Walter L. Gillespie Stephen C. Hadler Ernest Hilsenrath Randall M. Jeter Aaron King James S. Gilliland Fletcher F. Hahn William E. Himwich Yishi Jin Mark T. Kingsley S. Malcolm Gillis Kater Hake Conrad C. Hinckley George John Toichiro Kinoshita Peter A. Gilman Albert L. Hale Irvin N. Hirshfield A. David Johnson Edward O. Kinzie Henry N. Ginsberg Marc S. Halfon David C. Hoaglin Clark Johnson Kate P. Kirby W. Clifford Girard Edward L. Halk Hans Henrich Hock Egil Johnson Vera Kistiakowsky Martin E. Gluckstein Gail H. Hall Mary Y. P. Hockaday Howard P. Johnson Harvie B. Klaus Walter B. Goad John E. Hall Morris Hodara James F. Johnson Scott & Heather Kleiner Edward & Judith Goetzl Mary Beth Hall Gerald M. Hoffman John E. Johnson Harvey L. Kliman David E. Golan Prudence J. Hall John L. Hofstra R. Ann Johnson Thornton C. Kline, Jr. Allen M. Gold Robert B. Hall Michael Hogan Barbara Johnson-Wint William A. Knapp Alvin H. Gold Zach W. Hall Frank Hole Anthony R. Jones James J. Knierim Marian R. Goldsmith Thomas D. Hamilton Kay E. Holekamp Irene M. Jones P. M. Koch Edwin Goldwasser James E. Hammerberg Joe Hollstein Lawrence W. Jones Michael F. Koehl Edward D. Gomperts Katherine A. G. Hammond Richard F. Holm Lucy W. K. Jones Steven Kohler Anne H. Good Gerald R. Hankins David P. Holman Patricia M. Jones Charles E. Kolb Bernard Goodman Carl Hansen Eric W. Holman Natasha Jonoska Leland S. Kollmorgen Colleagues & Staff of Kate Stephen L. Hansen Gerald Holton Elke Jordan Gregory Konesky Goodrich, in memory of Dirk T. Hanson Timothy J. Holzer Joseph W. Joy C. Ronald Koons Roy G. Goodrich Richard Hanson Edwin B. Hooper, Jr. Bruce Kabakoff Victor Korenman Jesse F. Goodwin Alexander Harcourt & Peter V. Hornbeck Jack J. Kahgan Richard L. Kornblith Richard H. Goodwin Kelly Stewart Gabriel N. Hortobagyi Burton S. Kaliski, Jr. Virginia L. Kortes Joel S. & Wesley H. Harker Lansing C. Hoskins Aimee A. Kane Shirley A. Kovacs Marlene R. Gordon David E. Harmon Edwin W. House James S. Kane Theodore R. Kozlowski Sharon M. Gordon-Girvin Franklin M. Harold Estil V. Hoversten Norval M. Kane Bernard L. Kravitz Donn S. Gorsline Andrew W. Harrell Fred E. Howard, Jr. Henry J. Kaplan Robert A. Kreber Charles A. Goss James D. Harris Larry B. Howard Isaac R. Kaplan Bernard E. Kreger Harold C. Graboske Leonard Harris Michael J. Huerkamp Ellen Kappel Lester C. Krogh Ronald L. Graham Richard E. Harris Stuart W. Hughes Peter D. Karp Kirk S. Krogstad David W. Grainger Melvin A. Harrison Randall G. Hulet Jeffrey W. Karpen Judith F. Kroll Judith H. Grassle William M. Hartmann David M. Humphrey David L. Kaufman David Kronen Howard Graves & Alfred C. Haven, Jr. Susanne M. Humphrey William B. Kaufmann John S. Kronholm Julie Baller Bruce Hawkins Frank P. Hungate Ruth Tone Kawashima Warren Kruger Harry B. Gray M. Frederick Hawthorne Steven A. Kuhl

46 Fred A. Kummerow Paul A. Lindberg Gregory Marton John S. Meyer J. Fraser Muirhead Frederick A. Kundell John P. Linderman William J. Martone Alfred F. Michael, Jr. Tamara A. Muldrow Donna R. Kuroda Steven C. Lingenfelter John M. Mason, Jr. Elias K. Michaelis David Muller Edwin B. Kurtz, Jr. William T. Lippincott Wesley Mason Charles D. Michener Joe H. Mullins Stanley M. Kurtz Jennifer Lippincott- Douglas S. Massey & Richard H. Milburn Catherine L. Munera John E. Kutzbach Schwartz Susan T. Fiske David A. Miller Robert L. Munroe Miriam R. Lacher Wesley Lisker Walter & Shirley Massey Donald H. Miller Beth Murphy Watson M. Laetsch John H. Litchfield Larry G. Mastin I. George Miller Catherine J. Murphy David S. Lafferty Joyce C. Little James F. Mathis Jerry E. Miller David R. Myers Linda L. Lampl Stephen C. Liu Karl S. Matlin K. Dexter Miller Stephen E. Myers Susan Landau Julian R. Livingston Anthony Z. Matolek Katherine R. Miller Al Nabhani John C. Landon Lars Ljungdahl Karen Y. Matsuoka Marcia Miller Gerald Nadler Neal F. Lane David A. Lloyd Thomas R. Matthews Mark J. Miller P. Nair James N. Lange Felix J. Lockman Diane M. & Orlando J. Miller Stephen S. Navran, Jr. Roger W. Mauldin Jean K. Largis Marilyn R. Loeb Paul D. Miller, Jr. James W. Neel Elizabeth Maynard Paul A. Larson Jean Logan Wilbur H. Miller Howard L. Nekimken Peter Mazur Richard K. & Norman W. Lord William M. Miller Billie C. Nelson Joyce C. Lashof Patricia C. Lorentzen David J. McAdoo Don H. Mills Lloyd S. Nelson Allan H. Laufer James D. Louck Mollie E. McBride David R. Mitchell Lyle E. Nelson Leo L. Laughlin Thomas E. Lovejoy Simon J. McCarthy Donald A. Mitchell Richard S. Nelson & David LaVine Richard J. Loveless Michael McCarville Yoshikazu L. Mizobuchi Carol L. Enkoji Ann M. Lawler John A. Lowe III Deirdre McCloskey William C. Mobley Ron O. Nelson Joel S. Lawson, Jr. Jerold M. Lowenstein Bruce D. McCombe Gunnard W. Modin William M. Nelson Walter R. Lawson Bernd Lubina Daniel J. McCormack Robert H. Moench Martin J. Nemer John S. Lazo Brandon Lundmark Candice McCoy Karen Mohlke John C. Nemeth Margaret A. Le Mone Joan Lunney Layton L. McCoy N. Christine Molina Robert M. Nerem David J. Ledden William L. Lupatkin Donald G. McDonald M. Ann Molineux Evar D. Nering Chuan-Pu Lee Daniel J. Luthringer Harry E. McDonald III Lloyd J. Money James J. Nestor Mark E. Lehner Robert L. Lynch James M. McDonald Jean I. Montagu Peter G. Neumann Frederick A. Leighton Robert J. Macek James L. & Walter G. Montgomery Michael J. Newchurch Rosemarie McElhaney James C. C. Leisen Vivian L. Mackay Christopher N. K. Mooers Barry M. Newman James McGoodwin Peggy A. Lemaux Allen H. Mackenzie Duncan T. Moore Jeffery L. Newmeyer Steve P. McGrew Peter Lengyel Walter Mackinlay Gerald L. Moore Chester W. Newton William McIsaac Robert Lenkinski Barry A. MacKinnon Grace W. Moore Roger G. Newton Wilbert J. McKeachie Cheryl B. Lenox Richard V. MacMillan James D. Moore Lois A. Nicholson Christopher F. McKee Henri K. Lese Marcos F. Maestre John F. Moore Ralph Nielsen Grant W. McKinney Heather M. Leslie Lois E. Maggio Thomas G. Moore Thomas M. Niesen Beverly McMahon Alexander H. Levi Fred C. Maienschein Juliette M. Moran A. Hirotoshi Nishikawa John B. McManus Herbert W. Levi Patricia D. Mail Thomas P. Moran Christer E. Nordman F. Arthur McMorris Robert E. Levin John Majnarich Herbert & Parry M. Norling John D. McPeake Stephen M. Levin Danuta Malejka-Giganti Cathleen S. Morawetz Anne Norman Michael R. McPherson Johanan S. Levine David K. Malek David W. Moreland William T. Norton Larry R. Medsker Norman Levine Constantine J. Maletskos Gerry H. Morgan Marie U. Nylen William A. Meezan Joel A. Levitt Gladys R. Maley Henry G. Morgan Berl R. Oakley Jessica C. Meiller Mortimer Levitz Robert B. Mandell Sidney M. Morris, Jr. W. Brian O’Connor Maeli Melotto Eugene H. Levy Daniel C. Maneval Nancy D. Morrison Donald D. O’Dowd Robert A. Mendelson Stuart A. Levy Vincent Manganiello Grant Morrow III Godehard Oepen Barbara L. Merchant Bruce V. Lewenstein Robert J. Manley Robert A. Morse John R. O’Fallon Rita A. Mercille G. Kenneth Lewis Marilyn S. Mann Steven C. Moss Bruce O’Gara George Merkel Hugh B. Lewis Robert T. Manning Kenneth R. Mount Alice S. Oglesby Barry Merriman David A. Liberman Philip I. Marcus Patricia H. Moyer Angela V. Olinto Ethan A. Merritt Robert C. Liebermann Janet Marott Susan D. Moynagh Douglas L. Oliver Mihajlo Mesarovic Sidney Liebes Julian B. Marsh Edward C. Mozley Khris B. Olsen Jose Augusto Messias Ira A. Liebson Jed B. Marti William H. Muchnic Patricia L. Olson James Z. Metalios Milly Lierman Dean F. Martin Elizabeth H. Muench Richard K. Olsson

47 Gary A. Oltmans Wellington J. Pindar Edward F. Redish Herman Rubin Andrey S. Shaw Leonard Oppenheimer David Pines David R. Reed, Jr. Rodolfo Ruibal Robert W. Shaw, Jr. Philip W. Oppenheimer Sam P. Pinkerton Thomas D. Reed Melissa A. Runge-Morris Walter Shearer Stuart H. Orkin Gregory L. Pittman Paul B. Reichardt William B. Russel Ben Shen Robert A. Orwoll Andrew G. Plaut Franklin G. Reick George H. Sack, Jr. John Sherwell Henry H. Osborn Ward Plummer Clark & Barbara A. Reid Reisuke Saito Stanwyn G. Shetler Judith A. Osborn James R. Pochert Paul W. Reid Osvaldo Sala Nobumichi Shimizu William E. Owen Joseph C. Polacco Danny Reinberg Bernard Salanie Mark Shlomchik Edwin B. Oyer Robert D. Polakiewicz Jakob Reiser Kirstie A. Saltsman James F. Short Lauren M. Pachman Thomas G. Polefka Leonard J. Reiser Martin J. Salwen Abraham Shulman Thomas & Cheryl Palfrey Henry Pollack L. Reitzer William R. Salzman Bernard G. Silbernagel Allison R. Palmer Lee G. Pondrom Minocher C. Reporter Philip Samet Willys K. Silvers John D. Palmer Griffin Poole William B. Retallick Allan R. Sanford Penelope L. Simms John M. Palms Steven W. Popper Paul R. Reynolds Gary E. Sanger Donald M. Simons Pete Pankey Oscar F. Porter Kathryn E.Y. Richardson Anatole Sarko Simon C. Simonson Rudolph Pariser Mary Poss Rollin C. Richmond Diane M. Sasaki Joseph R. & Joseph C. Parker, Jr. Mark Post Keith Rickert Anne P. Sassaman Eleanor P. Simpson Devra A. Parks Huntington Potter Stuart & Frances Ridgway Eric Saund R. Mark Simpson David D. Parrish Richard C. Potter Austen F. Riggs II Jeffrey J. Saunders Lawrence A. Singer Julie C. Parrish Don W. Powell Per Arne Rikvold H. William Sause Maxine & Daniel Singer Delores L. Parron Bernal F. Powers, Jr. Barbara K. Rimer John E. Savage Monroe G. Sirken Barbara L. Parry Eline Luning Prak Steven J. Ring Edward M. Schaefer James C. Sisson William G. Parzybok, Jr. Rex F. Pratt Dan J. Risch PB Schechter Jack W. Sites, Jr. F. C. Pasley Elton Price Jean Adams Robbins W. Robert Scheidt Andrew Skaar Arie A. Passchier Herbert P. Price Eugene Roberts Ronald K. Scheule Jonathan B. Skinner Duncan T. Patten Edward Prince Julian L. Roberts, Jr. Elliott Schiffmann Scott Sklar James F. Patterson Charles H. Pritchard Michael S. Robertson Elihu Schimmel Eugene B. Skolnikoff Ara G. Paul Ann Progulske-Fox Randy R. Robinson Murry & Beverley Gary D. Sloan John S. Pearse Kim D. Pruitt Aidan E. Roche Schlesinger Pamela L. C. Small William R. Pearson Derek L. Pursey Maxine L. Rockoff Arthur G. Schmidt Alan J. Smith Maurice H. Pease, Jr. Jerome S. Puskin Stella Rockoff Jean M. Schmidt Fred H. Smith Charles W. Peck Peter Puster James K. Rocks Ruth A. M. Schmidt James C. Smith Timothy A. Pedley David C. Queller & Juan G. Rodriguez Klaus Schmidt-Rohr Linda C. Smith Charles R. Peebles Joan E. Strassmann William J. Rodriguez Harold W. Schmitt M. Brewster Smith Heather P. Peirce-Stern John M. Questel Kenneth C. Rogers Kirk D. Schmitt Richard G. Smith Marian Peleski Edward J. Quilligan Mark Rognstad Patrick Schnable Roy G. Smith Nolan E. Penn Omar A. Qureshi Nancy G. Roman Webster Schott Sidney R. Smith David Webb Peoples Frederick J. Raab Joseph J. Romm Cedric F. Schubert Stewart E. Smith Richard Durand Pering Taylor Raack Sheila R. Ronis Ean Schuessler Raymond A. Sobel Philip R. Perry Mark S. Radomski Hugh Rose Gertrud M. Schupbach Ernest R. Sohns Bertha P. Person Rudolf A. Raff Dean A. Rosebery Harvey Schussler Brian D. Somers Alea Peters Yueh-Erh Rahman Herman S. Rosenbaum Lois Schutte Soroosh S. Sorooshian Karl R. Peters Sohini Ramachandran Ernest Rosenberg Richard & Margaret Linda P. Spear Schwartz Kurt E. Petersen Mala S. Mahendroo Norman Rosenberg Kimberly M. Specht Rangadass Benjamin D. Schwartz & Don H. Peterson Joan R. Rosenblatt Paulette Spencer Arthur L. Rangno Susan Cullen-Schwartz Donald G. Peterson Ralph Roskies Nancy K. Spillane Tom Ranker Silvan S. Schweber Donald P. Peterson David A. & Edith H. Ross Philip C. Spiller M. M. Rao Eugenie C. Scott John E. Peterson A. David Rossin Fred E. Stafford R. Ronald Rau Rima M. Segal Mary A. Peterson Michael Roth David G. Stahl Robert L. Rausch Vidya Sagar Sethi Terry M. Peterson Stanley J. Roux Kathryn C. Stallcup Paul Raviart David W. Severson Thomas A. Peterson George C. Rovnyak F. W. Stallmann Donald G. Rea Joel H. Shaper Julia M. Phillips Roger D. Rowland Radu V. Stan Robin Reagan Robert Y. Shapiro Ranard J. Pickering Qingxia Ruan Edward A. Stanley Robert D. Reasenberg David G. Shappirio Al Pickett George C. Ruben Richard H. Stanton Bruce A. Rector Thomas D. Sharples Gerald B. Pier Laurens N. Ruben Irving C. Statler

48 Kelly P. Steele John Bruce Taylor W. Karl VanNewkirk Susan Roosevelt Weld Kathryn M. Yarosevich Richard A. Steeves Max Tegmark Moshe Y. Vardi William W. Wells Lynn A. Yehle John E. Stein Gary Temple Sandor G. Vari John P. Wendell Belinda R. Yen Donald F. Steiner Norman M. Tepley Charles Varsel Robert Wenger William H. Yenke Thomas A. & Joan A. Steitz Raymond L. Teplitz Ravindra Vasavada Paul J. Werner & Wayne M. & David J. Stensrud Irwin Tessman Lee T. Venolia & Christel S. Cranston Lynn Yokoyama John Stephens, Jr. Kenneth R. Teter John W. Thoman Charles J. Weschler Charles W. Young Lee P. Stephenson Edith Y. Thoburn John Verkade Robert A. Wesley Richard W. Young George F. Sterman Roger K. Thomas Stanley Vickers John E. Wessel Charlie A. Yparraguirre Edward A. Stern Lawrence H. Thompson Robert K. Vickery, Jr. Sandra D. Westerheide Dihua Yu Reinhard Stettler Linda F. Thompson Norman J. Viehmann John L. Wetherby Hongtao Yu Rosemary A. Stevens Van P. Thompson Lydia Villa-Komaroff & Lennard Wharton Jianming Yu Anthony L. Komaroff Seth M. Stevenson Eric J. Thorgerson Maynard B. Wheeler Michael J. Zacharkow Victor E. Viola Melbourne G. Stewart David C. Tiemeier Harold B. White III Clive S. Zent Weston E. Vivian Albert E. Stiegman Marlene Tietjen John A. White Tien Y. Zhao John W. Voelpel James H. Stith William L. Tietjen Nicholas R. White Guisheng Zhou Marcel Voirol Daniel Stodolsky William S. Tihen Peter White Richard E. Zigmond Alvin Volkman Edward C. Stoever Jeremiah G. Tilles Garnett B. Whitehurst Adrienne L. Zihlman Susan F. Volman Walter C. Stolov Murray Tobak Luke J. Whitesell Richard H. Zimmerman Thomas von Foerster Rainer F. Storb Aubrey C. Tobey Glenn G. Whiteside William Zimmermann, Jr. A. Vance Vorndam Truman Storvick Peter L. Todd Charles A. Whitney Donald B. Zobel Wim Vuist James B. Strait Odin A. Toness William M. Whitney Irwin S. Zonis Cecil J. Waddington Roy F. Stratton Wayne C. Tonjes Vincent Wickwar Robert J. Wagner Karl D. Straub Elizabeth G. Tonkin Norman E. Wideburg Patrons Charles A. Waldren Tracy N. Wiegner George Strauss Kathy A. Tonnessen Edward Aboufadel Charles P. Wales Paul E. Wiehl Eugene Streicher John G. Topliss Edwin Adlerman Frances Ann Walker Pauline Wiessner Alan M. Strout Barbara B. Torrey R. Paul Aftring Richard J. Walker Anna M. Williams Jeffrey L. Sturchio Don I. Trachtenberg Mohamad Alhakim William A. Wallace John A. Williams Joan C. Suit Francesco B. Trama James Altman William J. Wallace Mary Ann Williams Dan S. Sulzbach Paul Trampont Asma Amleh Henry & Doris Walter T. Walley Williams III P. R. Sundaresan John Tranquada Albert Anderson Robert T. Ward W. Gary Williams Venkatesan Sundaresan David L. Trauger David Anderson Bennie R. Ware Joanne M. Williamson Glenn W. Suter II Alfred Traverse Senthil Annamalai Jonathan R. Warner Kenneth D. Williamson David F. Sutter Nicholas D. Trbovich Dale Bachwich Roxanne Warren Lyman J. Wilmot Ernest S. Sutton George W. Tressel Mary Barber Steven F. Warren David A. Wilson Melvin N. Swanson Timothy N. Trick Deena Bellman Edel Wasserman David L. Wilson Claude R. Swayze David J. Triggle Philippe Beltran Marvin Wasserman Eckard Wimmer Raymond W. Sweet Anthony M. Trozzolo Kathleen Berger Steven F. Watanabe Joseph G. Wirth Clayton A. Swenson Dwight D. Trueblood Josh Bernstein George E. Watson III Allen H. Wise Stephen I. Szara Forrest A. Trumbore Chris Biemesderfer John Waycuilis Carl P. Wisoff Chris Szent-Gyorgyi Joel S. Trupin J. Michael Bishop Danny Weaver Evelyn M. Witkin Jack W. Szostak Wen H. Tsien Jerome L. Bleiweis Rebecca Webber Martin H. Wojcik Craig A. Taatjes Joan Tucker Fred Bomberger Alfons Weber Marc S. Wold Richard D. Taber John M. Tucker John Brademas Owen W. Webster Leszek J. Wolfram Rowland W. Tabor Donald W. Twohy Olga Breydo Henry Wedaa Douglas R. Woll Yutaka Tagaya Brian D. Underwood Eric Brinsfield James L. Weeks Wayne C. Wolsey Lorey Takahashi Millard K. Underwood David Brooks John W. Weil Gordon R. Woodcock Gerald H. Takei Ronald Urvater Joan Brooks Harrison Wein Gary L. Woods Tohru Takekoshi Manuel T. Uy William Brooks Elliot H. Weinberg Robert W. Woolfolk Lee M. Talbot Luis A. Valenzuela David R. Buckler Berthold W. Weinstein Robert J. Wordinger Kouichi R. Tanaka Estil A. Vance Julia Butters Elizabeth K. Weisburger Peter E. Wright Peter E. Tanguay Martin Vanderlaan Daniel B. Caplan Milton M. Weiser Robert J. Wright Pieter P. Tans William K. Vanderwilt Hilda Carpenter Jeffrey Weiss William A. Wulf Laurence J. Berlowitz J. Pace Vandevender Marc Carrasco Tarrant Paul B. Weisz Carmen M. Yampierre Lodewik H. Vanmierop Michael Carson

49 Christina Caserio Samuel Gubins Scott L. Manske Michael Scott Corporations & T. Cauthorn Rachael Guenlensberger Mark Markham Ronald C. Searls Foundations Carlton Caves Louis Gurvich David Marlowe Abdulalim Shabazz 3M Company Daniel Cayan Nancy Haigwood Richard Massey Robert Shafer Affymetrix, Inc. Nathaniel Chafee Jeff Hammerbacher Edward S. Matalka Douglas R. Shanklin Agouron Institute Andrew Chong Daniel Hankey F. Maurrasse Victor Showalter Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Robert Christopherson Alexander Harcourt Michael M May Andrew Siedlecki Alliance of Crop, Soil and Austin Church John G. Harkins Nina Mayr Robert Paul Siemann Environmental Science Aaron Clark Hanns Hasche Kluender R. F. McAllister David J. Simons Societies Charles Clark Charles E. Hawkins James J. McCarthy Bruce Simonson Alvin H. Baum Family Fund Barbara Clemmensen Jeffrey Hayden Patrick McCoy Lane Singer The Amgen Foundation Casey Clouspy Rudy Henninger James Meinecke Gurusingham Sitta Annual Reviews Barry S. Coller Thomas Henson Steven Melander-Dayton Sittampalam Anudeza Inc. Donald Cook John R. Hess Ronald Melen Linda C. Smith The Baltimore Family Fund Paul Cooley Robert Hess Richard Melmon Scott Smith The Barkley Fund Robert Cordella John L. Hofstra Richard A. Meserve Steven W. Smith Berkshire Taconic Alan Crawford William Hogan Douglas Mills Walter Smith Community Foundation, Edmund Crouch David W. Ignat William Moates Judson Somerville Inc. Kenneth Crumley Andrei Issaev Dean Moor H. Sox Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Billy Dalrymple Masayoshi Itoh Howard Morgan Stephanie S. Spangler Bones Clones, Inc. H. Clay Daulton John Jackson Edward Moulton David Staal Brainfood, Inc. Paul Day-Lucore Karen Jakes Eric Phillip Muntz Richard Steiner Branscomb Family Kenneth De Ghetto Gary Jason Cherry Ann Murray Shepard Stone Foundation C. Gregory Doherty Ryan Jense Maureen Neitz S. D. Stroupe The Brinkman Family Mari-Vaughn Johnson Peter Neupert G. Swanson Gregory C Donadio Foundation Stephen Jones Mark Nockleby Temple Public Library Albert Dosser Bristol-Myers Squibb Glenn Thomas Jaquelin Dudley George Karkanias Jacques Nor Foundation Victoria Tifft Pete Eckel Michael Kelley Andrew Norton Burroughs Wellcome Fund Philip Tucker Estia Eichten Jack Kerns Edward Oates The Caravan Trust Ralston Turbeville James Ellis Lewis Kinter Don O’Brien Carnegie Corporation of Joseph Engenito Randal Kirk Michael Ogrodnik Kirsten Vadheim New York Eldon D. Enger Robert Kirshner P. O’Keefe James Vancik Case IH Eric Engstrom Stephen Knight Joao Oliveira Lydia Villa-Komaroff Central New York Research H. Douglas Fachnie Jonathan Knowles John Oriorden Brian Wainscott Corp. Brian Fagan William Koerner Charles Patton Robert Walsh Colgate-Palmolive Company Peter Fasolo Thomas F. Koetzle Ronald Pedalino Letao Wang Consolidated Chemical Robert Fay Maria Kovacs David Penniman Thomas Wasylukaarian Works, LTD Bobby Feil Anton O. Kris Kerry Phillips Christopher Waterbury Dana Foundation Alison Fennessy Fields E. Labuda Dennis Pilarczyk Warren B. Weisberg The David and Lucile Lindy Fishburne Matthew Lachman James Rantschler Ralph Wharton Packard Foundation Richard Friedman Gay Langham-Mcnally Barry Ratzkin Garnett Whitehurst Defense Advanced Dara Wilber John C. Fuhr Christophe Laudamiel Lawrence Ray Research Projects R. F. Gaeke Gerald Leboff David Reed Clinton Williams Agency Curtis Galloway Charles Lenzmeier John Reed Douglas Williams Digital Globe Thomas Giroux Alan I. Leshner Matthew Rehrl Michael Williams The Dow Chemical John Gluck Andrea Levitt Naphtali Rishe Marlan Willis Company Howard Gobstein Michael Lewis Yvette Robbins Christopher Wilson DuPont Alfred Goldberg John Linderman Alexandra Roosevelt Isaac J. Winograd East Bay Community Jack L. Goldsmith Edmund Littlefield Allen Root David Woodbury Foundation Sheila Hafter Gray Mark J. Logsdon J. Rowe Mary Woolley EMJAYCO LP Richard Green Kirill Lokshin Eduardo Rubinstein James Zuiches European Commission Laura Greene Dan Longo Chris Rufer Arnold Zwicky Evidentia Engineering, Inc. Carl Griffith Carol Becker Lynch William J. Saucier Viktor Zykov Fluoramics Inc. Joyce Grossman Peter Madams Robert Schneider The Fodor Family Trust Wilhelm Gruissem Brian Malloy-Thorpe Richard M. Schoen Forney Family Foundation

50 Ganguly Family Foundation Population Association of American Society of Society for Industrial and The GE Foundation America, Inc. Anesthesiologists Applied Mathematics (SIAM) GlaxoSmithKline LLC Qualcomm Incorporated American Society of Civil Society for Research in Child Engineers Development The Glickenhaus Research Corporation for Foundation Scientific Advancement American Society of Mechanical South Carolina Commission on Engineers Higher Education Golden Family Foundation Reservoir Labs American Society of SPIE The Goldhirsh Foundation, Inc. Richard Lounsbery Foundation Microbiology U.S. Agency for International Gordon and Betty Moore Family The Rockefeller Foundation American Society of Plant Development Foundation S. A. and R. W. Colgate Trust Biologists U.S. Department of Agriculture Grainger Matching Charitable Seascan, Inc. American Sociological U.S. Department of Defense Gifts Program The Seattle Foundation Association U.S. Department of Education Hamill Family Foundation Sentry Dynamics, Inc. American Statistical Association U.S. Department of Energy Hewlett-Packard Company Silicon Valley Community American Veterinary Medical Foundation Foundation U.S. Department of Health & Association Human Services Hitachi America, Ltd Sinauer Associates, Inc. Ameriprise Financial PAC Match Hitachi, Ltd U.S. Department of State The Stella Group, LTD Program U.S. Environmental Protection IBM Subaru of America, Inc. Association of American Agency Indo-US Science & Technology Summit Family Foundation Geographers Forum U.S. Geological Survey Sunset Laboratory Inc. Carnegie Institution for Science Ion Beam Systems Inc. University of Arkansas Technical Education Research Cornell University The Irving S. & Alwyn N. University of Delaware Centers Desert Research Institute Johnson Family Foundation University of Kansas Medical TIAA-CREF Trust Company, FSB Endowment for the Jewish Community Foundation Research Institute Ting Tsung and Wei Fong Chao Neurosciences of San Diego University of Kansas School of Foundation European Commission DG The John D. & Catherine R. Medicine Torrey Revocable Living Trust Research MacArthur Foundation University of Kentucky Research Verizon Foundation Federal Bureau of Investigation John Templeton Foundation Foundation Vintage Production California Federation of Animal Science The Joyce Foundation University of Michigan LLC Societies The Kavli Foundation University of Nevada West Mesa Sprinklers Geological Society of America KPMG University of New Hampshire George Washington University L. Weksler Anesthesia University of New Mexico Howard Hughes Medical University of North Carolina Legacy Management Inc. Other Organizations Institute Leo L. Beranek Foundation University of Oklahoma Academy of Nutrition and Institute of Electrical and University of Rhode Island Litterman Family Foundation Dietetics Electronic Engineers - USA University of Southern Lockheed Martin Corporation Agency for Healthcare Research Kean University Mississippi L’Oréal Foundation D’Enterprise & Quality King Abdulaziz City for Science University of Utah L’Oréal USA Almgren Initiative in and Technology University of Vermont Lundeen Foundation Mathematics Maine Technology Institute University of Washington The Marc Haas Foundation American Academy of Arts and Materials Research Society University of Wyoming Mars, Incorporated Sciences Michigan State University Utah State University Merck & Co., Inc. American Academy of Montana State University Neurology WestEd Merck Partnership for Giving Mount Desert Island Biological American Bar Association The Minerals, Metals and Laboratory Materials Society American Chemical Society The National Academies This listing reflects New England Biolabs, Inc. American Cleaning Institute National Aeronautics and Space contributions received New York Presbyterian Hospital American Educational Research Administration 1 January 2012 through Association National Institutes of Health NorthStar Capital Advisors LLC 31 December 2012. American Geological Institute Noyce Foundation National Oceanic and American Geophysical Union Atmospheric Administration Oak Foundation Please bring any errors to American Institute of Physics National Science Foundation Oberkotter Foundation our attention by calling American Mathematical Society Naval Postgraduate School 202-326-6636. Pablo Valenzuela and Bernadita Mendez Foundation American Meteorological Oak Ridge Associated Society Universities Paratherm Corporation American Physical Society Rhode Island Research Alliance Pepsico Foundation American Physiological Society Rice University Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. American Psychological Society for Advancement of Association Chicanos and Native Ameri- Pitts Family Foundation cans in Science (SACNAS)

51 Financial Summary

Consolidated Statements of Financial Position for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 ($ in thousands) 2012 2011 ASSETS Cash 5,810 4,362 Accounts receivable, net 3,731 3,865 Grants and contributions receivable 6,849 6,984 Prepaid expenses and other 1,761 2,017 Investments 86,068 82,146 Property, plant and equipment 58,829 58,377 Total assets 163,048 157,751

LIABILITIES AND NET ASSETS Liabilities: Accounts payable and accrued expenses 11,628 13,165 Deferred dues, subscriptions revenue and other 23,638 24,316 Bonds payable 12,607 14,399 Total liabilities 47,873 51,880

Net assets: Unrestricted 94,328 87,244 Temporarily restricted 12,010 9,824 Permanently restricted 8,837 8,803 Total net assets 115,175 105,871 Total liabilities and net assets 163,048 157,751

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Net Assets for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 ($ in thousands) 2012 2011 Revenues: Member dues 10,865 11,224 Publishing 47,562 47,366 Grants and other program support 29,262 27,400 Leasing, investments and other 9,054 8,614 96,743 94,604 Expenses: Publishing 42,660 43,684 Education, policy and other programs 36,941 34,957 General and administrative expenses 15,542 15,030 95,143 93,671 Operating income, before tax 1,600 933 Provision for income tax 197 100 Nonoperating revenue and expense 5,682 (5,091) Change in unrestricted net assets 7,085 (4,258) Change in restricted net assets 2,219 (3,612) Change in net assets 9,304 (7,870) Net assets, beginning of year 105,871 113,741 52 Net assets, end of year 115,175 105,871 AAAS Board of Directors, Offi cers and Information

BOARD OF DIRECTORS 2012-2013 AAAS MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION INFORMATION

Chair Chief Executive Offi cer and Executive Association Headquarters Nina V. Fedoroff Publisher American Association for the Pennsylvania State University and Alan I. Leshner Advancement of Science King Abdullah University of Science and 1200 New York Avenue, NW Technology (KAUST) Chief Financial and Administrative Washington, DC 20005 USA Tel: 202-326-6400 President Offi cer Phillip Blair William H. Press AAAS Annual Meeting University of Texas at Austin Dates: 13-17 February 2014 Center for Science, Policy and Society Location: Chicago, Illinois President-Elect www.aaas.org/meetings Phillip A. Sharp Programs Find an archive of past meetings. Massachusetts Institute of Technology Edward Derrick, Chief Program Director AAAS Centers Treasurer Center for Science, Technology and www.aaas.org/programs/centers David Evans Shaw Security Policy Supporting science and engineering capacity, Blackpoint Group LP Norman Neureiter, Director, and Senior Advisor, careers, public engagement, science diplomacy, AAAS Center for Science Diplomacy science policy, sustainability and more. Chief Executive Offi cer Alan I. Leshner Education and Human Resources Shirley M. Malcom, Director ELECTRONIC RESOURCES OTHER MEMBERS Executive Offi ce Affairs Bonnie L. Bassler Gretchen Seiler, Director Princeton University AAAS www.aaas.org Finance May R. Berenbaum Find breaking AAAS news and membership Colleen Struss, Director of Finance and Chief University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign information. Legal Offi cer Stephen L. Mayo Science Journals California Institute of Technology Human Resources www.sciencemag.org/journals Alison French, Chief Human Resources Offi cer Science, Science Translational Medicine and Raymond Orbach Science Signaling. University of Texas at Austin International Offi ce Vaughan Turekian, Chief International Offi cer Science Careers Julia M. Phillips and Director, AAAS Center for Science Diplomacy www.sciencecareers.org Sandia National Laboratories Look for career advice, how-to information and Information Technology more. Sue V. Rosser Richard Hays, Chief Information Offi cer (2012) San Francisco State University Michael Savelli, Chief Technology Offi cer (2013) EurekAlert! www.eurekalert.org David D. Sabatini Offi ce of Government Relations Read breaking research news in multiple New York University Langone Medical Center Joanne Carney, Director languages.

Inder M. Verma Offi ce of Public Programs MAKE A GIFT Salk Institute for Biological Studies Ginger Pinholster, Director www.aaas.org/makeagift Be a catalyst for change—donate online. Offi ce of Publishing and Member Services (OPMS) JOIN AAAS Beth Rosner, Publisher and Director of OPMS www.aaas.org/join Advance science, serve society, and read Project 2061 Science, too. Jo Ellen Roseman, Director This report is based on content written by Science Editorial various members of the AAAS Offi ce of Public Programs and Project 2061 staff during 2012. Bruce Alberts, Editor-in-Chief (2012) Writing assistance was provided by Michaela Marcia McNutt, Editor-in-Chief (2013) Jarvis. The design was developed by Janel Kiley, Monica Bradford, Executive Editor AAAS Publication Services. Science News Colin Norman, News Editor (2012) Tim Appenzeller, News Editor (2013) 53 AAAS 2014 MEETING GLOBAL CHALLENGES : ANNUAL MEETING DISCOVERY AND INNOVATION 13-17 FEBRUARY • CHICAGO

The 2014 Annual Meeting will focus on finding sustainable solutions through inclusive, international, and interdisciplinary efforts that are most useful to society and enhance economic growth.

You are invited to attend the 2014 AAAS Annual Meeting in Chicago. Thousands of leading scientists, engineers, educators, policymakers, and journalists will gather from around the world to discuss recent developments in science and technology.

The Annual Meeting has a diverse scientific program and also features: • Career development workshops • Exhibit hall with international exhibitors • Family Science Days, a free public event with hands-on science activities for children

Special registration and housing rates are available for AAAS members.

Registration and housing open in early August. www.aaas.org/meetings