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Cecidomyiinae (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) Das Restingas Da Barra De Maricá, Itaipuaçu E Carapebus(Rio De Janeiro, Brasil): Descrições E Dados Biológicos

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Cecidomyiinae (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) Das Restingas Da Barra De Maricá, Itaipuaçu E Carapebus(Rio De Janeiro, Brasil): Descrições E Dados Biológicos V ALÉRIA CID MAIA CECIDOMYIINAE (DIPTERA, CECIDOMYIIDAE) DAS RESTINGAS DA BARRA DE MARICÁ, ITAIPUAÇU E CARAPEBUS(RIO DE JANEIRO, BRASIL): DESCRIÇÕES E DADOS BIOLÓGICOS Tese apresentada à Coordenação do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, como parte dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Doutor em Ciências Biológicas - Zoologia. Rio de Janeiro 1999 ZOOLOGIA/FCC 237 V ALÉRIA CID MAIA CECIDOMYIINAE (DIPTERA, CECIDO1\1YIIDAE)DAS RESTINGAS DA BARRA DE MARICÁ, ITAIPUAÇU E CARAPEBUS (RIO DE JANEIRO, BRASIL): DESCRIÇÕES E DADOS BIOLÓGICOS Banca Examinadora: Prof. Dr. Márcia Souto Couri (Presidente da Banca) Prof. Dr. Geraldo Wilson Fernandes Prof. Dr. Cláudio José de Barros Carvalho Prof. Dr. Jorge Luís Nessimian Prof. Dr. Cátia Antunes de Mello Patiu Rio de Janeiro, 09 de setembro de 1999 0 Trabalho realizado no Departamento de Entomologia do Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Orientador: Profa. Ora Márcia Souto Couri Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Museu Nacional li FIGURA DA CAPA Galha de Myrciamyia maricensis em Myrcia ovata Camb. (Myrtaceae) 111 FICHA CATALOGRÁFICA MAIA, Valéria Cid Cecidomyiinae (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) das Restingas da Barra de Maricá, Itaipuaçu e Carapebus (Rio de Janeiro, Brasil): descrições e dados biológicos. UFRJ, Museu Nacional, 1999. i-xii, 21O f. Tese: Doutor em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia) 1. Taxonomia 2. Cecidomyiidae 3. Galhas 4. Diptera 5. Restinga I. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - Museu Nacional II. Teses IV À minha família V AGRADECIMENTOS No decorrer deste estudo contei com a colaboração de pessoas e Instituições, a quem agradeço: À Ora. Márcia Souto Couri (Museu Nacional, UFRJ) por iniciar-me na taxonomia dos Diptera, pelos imprescindíveis ensinamentos, orientação, apoio e incentivo. À Ora. Denise Pamplona (MuseuNacional, UFRJ) pelas sugestõessempre pertinentes. Ao Dr. Raymond J. Gagné(Systematic Entomology Laboratory,USDA) pelo fundamental apoio, esclarecimentose valiosassugestões. Aos botânicos do Museu Nacional e, em especial, à MsC Andrea Costa ( curadora do Herbário)e ao Dr. Rui José Valka Alves pela identificaçãode grandeparte das plantas hospedeiras e esclarecimentos taxonômiro·-: ...m Botânica. Agradeço também ao Dr. Roberto L. Esteves pela identificação das Compositae e informações sobre a distribuição geográfica das mesmas, a Ricardo L. de Moura pela identificação das Cactaceae e à MsC lvete Maria da Silva pelas dicas para reconhecimento das espécies de Sapotaceae abordadas nesta tese. Ao Dr. Ricardo Ferreira Monteiro (Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro) por iniciar-me na pesquisa e pelas oportunidades de coleta de parte do material desta tese. Ao Dr. Mark Harvey (Westem Australian Museum, Austrália) pela identificação do pseudoscorpião. Aos Dr. John LaSalle (lntemational Institute of Entomology, Londres, Inglaterra), Dr. Marcelo Tavares (Centro Universitário de Araraquara, S.P.) e à MsC Maria Antonieta Pereira de Azevedo (Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro) pela identificação dos microhimenópteros. Ao Dr. Antônio J. Mayhé Nunes (Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro) pela identificaçãodas formigas. À Dra. GrazielaM. Barroso pela identificaçãode Eugeniamulti.flora Camb. (Myrtaceae). Ao Dr. José R. Pirani (Universidade de São Paulo) pela identificação das espécies de Burseraceae e Anacardiaceae. À Msc Maria Célia Correa Rodrigues (Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro) pela coleta das galhas na inflorescência em Arrabidaea conjugata (Vel.) Mart. (Bignoniaceae). À bióloga Mariana S. Machado (Museu Nacional, Universidade Federaldo Rio de Janeiro) Vl 1 pelas informaçõessobre a distribuição geográfica de Jacquemontia ho/osericea (Convolvulaceae). !") Ao Sr. Raul G. de Araújo Neto pelas fotografias desta tese e companhia durante as '! coletas. Aos colegas de turma do curso pela troca de experiências e enriquecedoras discussões. Aos sempre solícitos colegas de laboratório pela agradável convivência e apoio incondicional. À CAPES, pela Bolsa de Pós-Graduação À FUJB pela aquisição da capela de exaustão de gases (Proc. nl. 8700-9) A todas as pessoas e Instituições não mencionadas, que deste ou daquele modo, contribuíram na realização desta tese. VII RESUMO "Cecidomyiinae (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) das Restingas da Barra de Maricá, ltaipuaçu e Carapebus (Rio de Janeiro, Brasil): descrições e dados biológicos". Nas restingas da Barra de Maricá, ltaipuaçu e Carapebus foram encontradas 108 espécies de Cecidomyiinae associadas a 53 espécies de plantas distribuídas em 42 gêneros e 32 famílias. t Noventa e três espécies de Cec1oomyiinae eram cecidógenas, 4 predadoras, 5 inquilinas de galhas ,:) e 6 tinham larvas livres. As espécies galhadoras estavam associadas a 47 espécies de plantas (36 gêneros e 28 famílias). A maioria das galhas era foliar (63), 13 desenvolveram-se a partir das gemas, 9 ocorreram na inflorescência, botão ou pedúnculo floral, 3 no fruto e 1 na gavinha. As Myrtaceae destacaram-se como a família de planta com maior riqueza de galhas, seguidas das Burseraceae, Nyctaginaceae, Sapotaceae, Erythroxylaceae, Malpighiaceae e.Solanaceae. Onze gêneros novos e quatorze novas espécies de Cecidomyiinae foram descritos (larva, pupa, macho, fümea e galha), larva de três espécies e pupa de duas outras foram descritas, duas novas combinações foram propostas e novos registros de plantas hospedeiras e de localidades foram assinalados. Na restinga da Barra de Maricá foram encontradas 79 espécies de Cecidomyiinae, em Carapebus 64 e em ltaipuaçu 41. O índice de Sorensen revelou que a restinga da Barra de Maricá e de Itaipuaçu são mais similares entre si quanto à fauna de Cecidomyiinae, confirmando uma relação positiva entre proximidade geográfica e similaridade faunística. Palavras-chave: Cecidomyiidae (Diptera), Galhas, Restinga, Taxonomia. Vlll ABSTRACT "Cecidomyiinae (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) of "Restingas" of Barra de Maricá, Itaipuaçu and Carapebus (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil): descriptions and biological data". At "restingas" of Barra de Maricá, Itaipuaçu and Carapebus, 108 species of Cecidomyiinae were found in association with 53 plant species distributed among 42 genera and 32 families. 93 Cecidomyiinae species were cecidogenous, 4 predators, 5 inquilines of galls and 6 had free living larvae . Gall maker·specieswere associated with 47 plantspecies (36 genera and 28 families). The majority of the galls were leaf ones (63); 13 developed from bud; 9 occurred in inflorescence, closed flower or flower peduncle; 3 in fruits and 1 in clasper. The Myrtaceae were the first plant family in richness of galls followed by Burseraceae, Nyctaginaceae, Sapotaceae, Erythroxylaceae, Malpighiaceae and Solanaceae. 11 new genera and 14 new species of Cecidomyiinae were described (larva, pupa, male, female and gall), larva of 3 species and pupae of 2 others were described, 2 new combinations were proposed and new records of host plants and Iocalities registered. 79 Cecidomyiinae species were found at "restinga" of Barra de Maricá, 64 at Carapebus e 41 at Itaipuaçu. Sorensen index revealed that the "restingas" of Barra de Maricá and ltaipuçu are more similar in Cecidomyidae fauna, confirming a positive relation between geographical proximity and faunasimilarity. Key-words: Cecidomyiidae (Diptera), Galls, Restinga, Taxonomy. r lX SUMÁRIO pagma FICHA CA TALOG RÁFICA..... .... .. ............................................................................................... .iv DEDICATÓRIA.......... ......................... ..............................................................................................V AGRADECIMENTOS.. ....................................................................................................................vi RESUMO.. ........................................................................................................................................viii ABSTRACT... ....................................................................................................................................i x SUMÁRIO.. ............... ..........................................................................................................................X INTRODUÇÃO ..................................................................... ............................................................. l MORFOLOGIA EXTERNA .......................................................................................................... 1 ADULTOS.. ................................................................................................................................ l PUPA... ........................ ...............................................................................................................3 LARVA. ..................................... .................................................................................. ............... 3 GALHA: CONCEITOS, CLASSIFICAÇÃO E MORFOLOGIA. ............................................. .4 CONCEITOS ................. ............................................................................................................ .4 CLASSIFICAÇÃO.. .............. .................................................................... ............. ................... .4 MORFOLOGIA. ............................... ............ ................ ...................................... .......................5 BIOLOGIA DOS CECIDOMYIIDAE ............... ............................
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