HACKING EXPOSED™ COMPUTER FORENSICS SECOND EDITION REVIEWS “This book provides the right mix of practical how-to knowledge in a straightforward, informative fashion that ties all the complex pieces together with real-world case studies. With so many books on the topic of computer forensics, Hacking Exposed Computer Forensics, Second Edition, delivers the most valuable insight on the market. The authors cut to the chase of what people must understand to effectively perform computer forensic investigations.” —Brian H. Karney, COO, AccessData Corporation “Hacking Exposed Computer Forensics is a ‘must-read’ for information security professionals who want to develop their knowledge of computer forensics.” —Jason Fruge, Director of Consulting Services, Fishnet Security 00-FM.indd i 8/23/2009 3:54:42 AM “Computer forensics has become increasingly important to modern incident responders attempting to defend our digital castles. Hacking Exposed Computer Forensics, Second Edition, picks up where the first edition left off and provides a valuable reference, useful to both beginning and seasoned forensic professionals. I picked up several new tricks from this book, which I am already putting to use.” —Monty McDougal, Raytheon Information Security Solutions, and author of the Windows Forensic Toolchest (WFT) (www.foolmoon.net) “Hacking Exposed Computer Forensics, Second Edition, is an essential reference for both new and seasoned investigators. The second edition continues to provide valuable information in a format that is easy to understand and reference.” —Sean Conover, CISSP, CCE, EnCE “This book is an outstanding point of reference for computer forensics and certainly a must-have addition to your forensic arsenal.” —Brandon Foley, Manager of Enterprise IT Security, Harrah’s Operating Co. “Starts out with the basics then gets DEEP technically. The addition of IP theft and fraud issues is timely and make this second edition that much more valuable. This is a core book for my entire forensics group.” —Chris Joerg, CISSP CISA/M, Director of Enterprise Security, Mentor Graphics Corporation “A must-read for examiners suddenly faced with a Mac or Linux exam after spending the majority of their time analyzing Windows systems.” —Anthony Adkison, Criminal Investigator and Computer Forensic Examiner, CFCE/EnCE “This book is applicable to forensic investigators seeking to hone their skills, and it is also a powerful tool for corporate management and outside counsel seeking to limit a company’s exposure.” —David L. Countiss, Esq., partner, Seyfarth Shaw LLP “I have taught information security at a collegiate level and in a corporate setting for many years. Most of the books that I have used do not make it easy for the student to learn the material. This book gives real-world examples, various product comparisons, and great step-by-step instruction, which makes learning easy.” —William R Holland, Chief Security Officer, Royce LLC 00-FM.indd ii 8/23/2009 3:54:42 AM HACKING EXPOSED™ COMPUTER FORENSICS SECOND EDITION AARON PHILIPP DAVID COWEN CHRIS DAVIS New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto 00-FM.indd iii 8/23/2009 3:54:42 AM Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval sys- tem, without the prior written permission of the publisher. ISBN: 978-0-07-162678-1 MHID: 0-07-162678-6 The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: ISBN: 978-0-07-162677-4, MHID: 0-07-162677-8. 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THE WORK IS PROVIDED “AS IS.” McGRAW-HILL AND ITS LICENSORS MAKE NO GUARANTEES OR WARRANTIES AS TO THE ACCURACY, ADEQUACY OR COMPLETENESS OF OR RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED FROM USING THE WORK, INCLUDING ANY INFORMATION THAT CAN BE ACCESSED THROUGH THE WORK VIA HYPERLINK OR OTHERWISE, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIM ANY WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. McGraw-Hill and its licensors do not warrant or guarantee that the functions contained in the work will meet your requirements or that its operation will be uninterrupted or error free. Neither McGraw-Hill nor its licensors shall be liable to you or anyone else for any inaccuracy, error or omission, regardless of cause, in the work or for any damages resulting therefrom. McGraw-Hill has no responsibility for the content of any information accessed through the work. Under no circumstances shall McGraw-Hill and/or its licensors be liable for any indirect, incidental, special, punitive, consequential or similar damages that result from the use of or inability to use the work, even if any of them has been advised of the pos- sibility of such damages. This limitation of liability shall apply to any claim or cause whatsoever whether such claim or cause arises in contract, tort or otherwise. To my mom and dad, thanks for teaching me to follow my dreams. To my sister, Renee, for always being there for me. To all of my friends and teachers at The University of Texas at Austin, for making me what I am and showing me what I can be. Hook ‘em Horns! —Aaron To my daughter, I can’t wait to meet you. To my wife, thank you for supporting me through the second edition. To my mom and dad, thank you for your enthusiasm for a book you will never read. To my friends at G-C, thank you for all the hard work. —Dave 00-FM.indd v 8/23/2009 3:54:43 AM About the Authors Aaron Philipp Aaron Philipp is a managing consultant in the Disputes and Investigations practice at Navigant Consulting, which assists domestic and global corporations and their counsel who face complex and risky legal challenges. In this capacity, he provides consulting services in the fields of computer forensics and high-tech investigations. Mr. Philipp specializes in complex computer forensic techniques such as identification and tracing of IP theft, timeline creation, and correlation relating to multiparty fraud and reconstruction of evidence after deliberate data destruction has occurred that would nullify traditional computer forensic methodology. Mr. Philipp was previously Managing Partner of Affect Computer Forensics, a boutique forensics firm based in Austin, Texas, with offices in Dallas, Texas, and Hong Kong. Affect’s clients include the nation’s top law firms, FORTUNE 500 legal departments, and government investigatory agencies. In addition, Mr. Philipp is a regular speaker at technology and legal conferences around the world. He has been internationally recognized for his work, with citations of merit from the governments of Taiwan and South Africa. Mr. Philipp has a B.S. in computer science from The University of Texas at Austin. David Cowen, CISSP David Cowen is the co-author of the best-selling Hacking Exposed Computer Forensics and the Anti-Hacker Toolkit, Third Edition. Mr. Cowen is a Partner at G-C Partners, LLC, where he provides expert witness services and consulting to Fortune 500 companies nationwide. Mr. Cowen has testified in cases ranging from multimillion- dollar intellectual property theft to billion-dollar antitrust claims. Mr. Cowen has over 13 years of industry experience in topics ranging from information security to computer forensics. Chris Davis Chris Davis has trained and presented in information security and certification curriculum for government, corporate, and university requirements. He is the author of Hacking Exposed Computer Forensics, IT Auditing: Using Controls to Protect Information Assets, and Anti-Hacker Toolkit, and he contributed to the Computer Security Handbook, Fifth Edition. Mr. Davis holds a bachelor’s degree in nuclear engineering technologies from Thomas Edison and a master’s in business from The University of Texas at Austin. Mr. Davis served eight years in the U.S. Naval Submarine Fleet, onboard the special projects Submarine NR-1 and the USS Nebraska.