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An Overlooked Population of the Beira Antelope Dorcatragus Megalotis in Djibouti

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An Overlooked Population of the Beira Antelope Dorcatragus Megalotis in Djibouti SHORT COMMUNICATIONS An overlooked population of the beira antelope Dorcatragus megalotis in Djibouti The beira antelope Dorcatragus megalotis, In contrast to other authors, Simoneau which is listed as possibly extinct in Djibouti (1974) reported that beira occurred through- in the 1996IUCN Red List, was observed out Djibouti, but particularly in the south. there by the authors in 1993/94. The authors Kingdon (1989) mapped the distribution of the beira without references, but obviously in ac- discuss its status in the country and the cordance with Maydon (1932), Yalden et al. action needed for its conservation. (1984) and Simonetta (1988), plus an ad- ditional isolated occurrence in Djibouti along the northern coast of the Gulf of Tadjoura Beira distribution and status (Area 4, Figure 1). The distribution map of his more recent book (Kmgdon, 1997), however, From the available literature it is not clear omits any occurrence of the beira in Djibouti. whether or not the beira antelope Dorcatragus Seal et al. (1990) included the species as megalotis occurs in Djibouti (Table 1). Yalden et 'Under Immediate Threat' while IUCN (1996) al. (1984) following Ansell (1971) described the listed it as Vulnerable in Ethiopia and species as being endemic to the north-east re- Somalia, but possibly extinct in Djibouti. gion of the Somali-arid zone. Their distri- bution map depicted the range as mainly in Somalia (Areas 1 and 1.1, Figure 1), and very This study marginally in Ethiopia, in the Marmar Mountains (Area 2, Figure 1), but not in We report having seen the beira at two sites in Djibouti. Similarly, Simonetta (1988) mapped Djibouti on three occasions in 1993 and 1994 the beira's distribution as being along the en- (Table 2). Both sites were in the south-east of tire length of the Somalia coast at the southern end of the Gulf of Aden, to the border with Ethiopia (Marmar Mountains) in the west, but Table 1. Occurrence of the beira in Djibouti not Djibouti. He added that the beira had a according to different authors very patchy and local distribution in the mountains and arid stony hills of northern Simoneau, 1974 Yes Somalia. He wrote of the status of the species Haltenorth and Diller, 1977 No that '...there was a marked decrease, at least Dorst and Dandelot, 1984 No locally, during the 1975 drought and numbers Yalden et al., 1984 No have not recovered.' The last published record Burton and Pearson, 1987 No Grzimek, 1988 Yes of the beira in Ethiopia (Bolton, 1973) dates Kingdon, 1989 Yes from an observation in 1972 south-east of Wilson and Reeder, 1993 Yes Aysha in the Marmar Mountains (Area 2, IUCN, 1996 No? Figure 1), where all other reliable Ethiopian Stuart and Stuart, 1996 No records come from (Yalden et al., 1984). Kingdon, 1997 No Table 2. Record of the beira antelope in Djibouti, 1993 and 1994 Date Location Grid reference Altitude (m) No. individuals 30/04/93 Dadin Hill, near top ir06'00"N42°46'30"E c. 1000 3 13/05/93 Dadin Hill, near top ir06'00"N42°46'30"E c. 1000 6 28/01/94 Arrei Hill, near top ll°05'30"N42°43'30"E c. 800 2 > 1998 FFI, Oryx, 32 (1), 75-80 75 Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.33.19, on 02 Oct 2021 at 12:17:39, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3008.1998.00020.x SHORT COMMUNICATIONS the country between Ali Sabieh and Assamo, within the beira's range by Kingdon (1989). close to the borders with Ethiopia and Somalia This area was more or less closed to civilians (Area 3, Figure 1). between 1990 and 1996 because of conflict be- We were unable to gain much information tween different political groups in Djibouti. about Area 4, which was mentioned as being After the ratification of a peace agreement 10* ETHIOPIA Dire Dawa ° I 42* 1= 2 500 000 Figure 1. Map of beira occurrence. 1. Main occurrence, uninterrupted as far as the north-east corner of the Horn of Africa (Simonetta, 1988; Kingdon, 1997). 1.1. Isolated (?) occurrence (Simonetta, 1988; Kingdon, 1997). 2. Isolated (?) occurrence (Bolton, 1973; Yalden et al, 1984). 3. Isolated (?) occurrence (this paper). 4. Isolated (?) occurrence (Kingdon, 1989). ? Probable contact between beira populations (this paper). ?? Uncertain occurrence (Kingdon, 1989). 76 © 1998 FFI, Oryx, 32 (1), 75-80 Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.33.19, on 02 Oct 2021 at 12:17:39, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3008.1998.00020.x SHORT COMMUNICATIONS Dorcatragus megalotis, Djibouti 1994 (Thomas Kiinzel). between the Government of Djibouti and the lin endemic to Djibouti Francolinns ochropectus opposition, the situation is returning to nor- occurs there, as well as a significant pro- mal and wildlife surveys should become poss- portion of the world population of the threat- ible in the future. ened Bankouale palm Livingstonia carinensis Area 4 contains the Foret du Day, the only (Welch and Welch, 1984, 1992; Welch et al., extensively wooded area in Djibouti. A franco- 1986). This palm was last seen and found in Figure 2. Detailed map of Area 3 (Figure 1), Altitudes are in metres. Hatched area, 600-1292 m, after Audru et al. (1987) covered by vegetation units M5 (and M4, Boura Hills). B, D, authors' beira observation sites. A, C, E-M, sites with possible occurrence of one group of beira each. © 1998 FFI, Oryx, 32 (1), 75-80 77 Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.33.19, on 02 Oct 2021 at 12:17:39, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3008.1998.00020.x SHORT COMMUNICATIONS Table 3. Plants found at 900 m in authors' beira territory sizes of under 50 ha while Ourebia observation sites (after Audru et ah, 1987) (12-20 kg body weight) has a territory size of 75-125 ha. Kingdon (1984) wrote, '... outside Family Species exceptionally well-favoured habitats exclusive Acanthaceae Ecbolium viride permanent territories begin to lose viability Ruellia patula once a territory holder weighs over 20 kg.' Andropogoneae Cymbopogon schoenanthus This might also be the case for some species Asclepiadaceae Caralluma priogonium under 20 kg because Walther (1984) reported Camlluma sp. that Oreotragus oreotragus (average body Asteraceae Launaea massauensis weight 10-15 kg) in the Serengeti holds differ- Pulicaria somalensis ent territories according to season. This should Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia triaculeata be kept in mind when discussing the beira's Lamiaceae Orthosiphon pallidus Malvaceae Abutilon fruticosum territory/home range and planning popu- Mimosaceae Acacia etbaica uncinata lation surveys. Nevertheless a beira group is Acacia oerfota believed to be intensely attached to its own Polygalaceae Poll/gala obtusissima hill or plateau (Kingdon, 1989). Portulaceae Portulaca quadrifida Simonetta (1988) wrote that the beira 'is ap- Scrophulariaceae Campylanthus junceus Solanaceae hycium shawii parently a very selective feeder and its distri- Withania somnifera bution may be related to that of its food Tiliaceae Grewia tenax plants'. Using vegetation cover we estimated Vitaceae Cissus rotundifolia the possible occurrence of beira around our two observation sites (Figure 2), where woody vegetation covers 1-20 per cent and her- reasonable condition by the authors in the baceous vegetation fluctuates between 'scanty' wadi at Bankouale in 1995. In that year we in the dry season 0uly-August) to 20^40 per had an opportunity to visit the Foret du Day cent in the rainy season (October-April), ac- twice on official missions but we did not see cording to Audru et al. (1987). The annual any beira. Being primarily occupied with rainfall is 200-250 mm. The type of vegetation other project activities we could not spare at our observation sites is unit M5 of the class much time searching for them. Even Welch of vegetation found only in Djibouti's moun- and Welch (1984) in the course of their ex- tains and high plateaus and covering the en- pedition in Djibouti, with special emphasis on tire region (500-1292 m) between Guelile, Ali the Foret du Day, did not mention any beira Sabieh, Ali Adde and Assamo except the records. Boura hills, which is classified as unit M4 Area 4 has land that extends up to c. 1800 m (Figure 2). (Audru et al., 1987; Table 3). These and provides a large area of suitable habitat two vegetation units, which are characterized for beira. The Foret du Day has been declared by Audru et al. (1987) as 'steppe arboree Acacia a national park by the Government of Djibouti etbaica uncinata', are otherwise only found in but consequent action has not been im- Area 4. plemented because of lack of funds (Anon., A preliminary minimum estimate of the 1991) and overgrazing is a serious problem. number of beira in Area 3 could be calculated There is no information available on the using the following assumptions: (i) a group home range or territory size of the beira to use of beira contains four animals (average group as a basis for the estimation of the number of size from our three observations); (ii) the dis- individuals that might occupy Area 3. tance between two groups of beira is 4 km Kingdon (1982) plotted individual territory (distance between our two observation sites); size against body mass for some antelopes and (iii) each group of beira occupies one hill with exclusive permanent territories.
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