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Between Water and Land: Urban and Rural Settlement Forms in Cambodia with Special Reference to Phnom Penh
Between water and land: urban and rural settlement forms in Cambodia with special reference to Phnom Penh Thomas Kolnberger Identités. Politiques, Sociétés, Espaces (IPSE), Université du Luxembourg, Campus Belval, Maison des Sciences Humaines, 11, Porte des Sciences, L-4366 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg. E-mail: [email protected] Revised version received 19 May 2015 Abstract. In explaining urban form in Cambodia, morphological continuity between rural and urban forms is examined. Environment and agrarian land use are decisive factors in the location and shape of plots in the countryside. Under conditions of higher population density, urban plots tend to be compressed versions of rural ones. Adopting a historico-geographical approach, the development of the form of Phnom Penh as a colonial city and capital of a French protectorate is explored as an example of the persistence of a rural settlement pattern in a specific urban context. Keywords: Cambodia, Phnom Penh, rural morphology, urban morphology, plot form The shapes of plots have become a significant, plain, made lowland living sustainable, albeit not widely studied, aspect of both urban allowed the population to expand and rendered and rural settlement morphology. However, empire building possible. This explains why much of the attention given to this topic the lowlands have been the demographic and hitherto has focused on Europe. This paper economic core area of polities since the Khmer examines urban and rural settlement form, realm of Angkor (ninth to fifteenth centuries) especially the relationship between rural and and its successor kingdoms up to the French urban plots, in a very different environment – colonial era (1863-1953) and the period of the core area of Cambodia – giving particular independence. -
Women in Cambodia – Analysing the Role and Influence of Women in Rural Cambodian Society with a Special Focus on Forming Religious Identity
WOMEN IN CAMBODIA – ANALYSING THE ROLE AND INFLUENCE OF WOMEN IN RURAL CAMBODIAN SOCIETY WITH A SPECIAL FOCUS ON FORMING RELIGIOUS IDENTITY by URSULA WEKEMANN submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF THEOLOGY in the subject MISSIOLOGY at the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA SUPERVISOR: DR D C SOMMER CO-SUPERVISOR: PROF R W NEL FEBRUARY 2016 1 ABSTRACT This study analyses the role and influence of rural Khmer women on their families and society, focusing on their formation of religious identity. Based on literature research, the role and influence of Khmer women is examined from the perspectives of history, the belief systems that shape Cambodian culture and thinking, and Cambodian social structure. The findings show that although very few Cambodian women are in high leadership positions, they do have considerable influence, particularly within the household and extended family. Along the lines of their natural relationships they have many opportunities to influence the formation of religious identity, through sharing their lives and faith in words and deeds with the people around them. A model based on Bible storying is proposed as a suitable strategy to strengthen the natural influence of rural Khmer women on forming religious identity and use it intentionally for the spreading of the gospel in Cambodia. KEY WORDS Women, Cambodia, rural Khmer, gender, social structure, family, religious formation, folk-Buddhism, evangelization. 2 Student number: 4899-167-8 I declare that WOMEN IN CAMBODIA – ANALYSING THE ROLE AND INFLUENCE OF WOMEN IN RURAL CAMBODIAN SOCIETY WITH A SPECIAL FOCUS ON FORMING RELIGIOUS IDENTITY is my own work and that all the sources that I have used or quoted have been indicated and acknowledged by means of complete references. -
The Emergence of Cambodian Women Into the Public
WOMEN WALKING SILENTLY: THE EMERGENCE OF CAMBODIAN WOMEN INTO THE PUBLIC SPHERE A thesis presented to the faculty of the Center for International Studies of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts Joan M. Kraynanski June 2007 WOMEN WALKING SILENTLY: THE EMERGENCE OF CAMBODIAN WOMEN INTO THE PUBLIC SPHERE by JOAN M. KRAYNANSKI has been approved for the Center for International Studies by ________________________________________ Elizabeth Fuller Collins Associate Professor, Classics and World Religions _______________________________________ Drew McDaniel Interim Director, Center for International Studies Abstract Kraynanski, Joan M., M.A., June 2007, Southeast Asian Studies WOMEN WALKING SILENTLY: THE EMERGENCE OF CAMBODIAN WOMEN INTO THE PUBLIC SPHERE (65 pp.) Director of Thesis: Elizabeth Fuller Collins This thesis examines the changing role of Cambodian women as they become engaged in local politics and how the situation of women’s engagement in the public sphere is contributing to a change in Cambodia’s traditional gender regimes. I examine the challenges for and successes of women engaged in local politics in Cambodia through interviews and observation of four elected women commune council members. Cambodian’s political culture, beginning with the post-colonial period up until the present, has been guided by strong centralized leadership, predominantly vested in one individual. The women who entered the political system from the commune council elections of 2002 address a political philosophy of inclusiveness and cooperation. The guiding organizational philosophy of inclusiveness and cooperation is also evident in other women centered organizations that have sprung up in Cambodia since the early 1990s. My research looks at how women’s role in society began to change during the Khmer Rouge years, 1975 to 1979, and has continued to transform, for some a matter of necessity, while for others a matter of choice. -
CRM Advisors and Consultants, Or the National Park Service
CULTURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Information for Parks, Federal Agencies, Indian Tribes, States, Local Governments, |Ul and the Private Sector VOLUME 19 NO. 3 1996 Preservation in the Pacific Basin U.S. DEPARTMENT OFTHE INTERIOR National Park Service Cultural Resources PUBLISHED BY THE VOLUME 19 NO. 3 1996 NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Contents ISSN 1068-4999 To promote and maintain high standards for preserving and managing cultural resources Preservation in the Pacific Basin DIRECTOR Roger G. Kennedy ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR Asia and the Pacific Honolulu's Chinatown 30 Katherine H. Stevenson A Big Area to Cover! 3 Gregory Yee Mark William Chapman EDITOR Japanese-American Cultural Resources Ronald M. Greenberg "The Future of Asia's Past"—An in Western Washington 33 International Conference on the Gail Lee Dubrow PRODUCTION MANAGER Preservation of Asia's Architectural Karlota M. Koester Heritage 6 Research, Education, and Cultural GUEST EDITOR Jennifer Malin Resource Management at William Chapman Angkor Borei, Cambodia 37 Jennifer Malin, Assistant Historic Preservation Programs and P. Bion Griffin the Community Miriam T. Stark ADVISORS The Example of HawaEi 7 David Andrews Judy Ledgerwood Editor, NPS Lowell Angell Joan Bacharach Rose Mary Ruhr Angkor Borei 38 Museum Registrar. NPS Randall I. Biallas Michael Dega Historical Architect, NPS Historic Preservation Training in Susan Buggey Micronesia The World Monuments Fund and Director, Historical Services Branch An Assessment of Needs 11 Parks Cartada Training at Angkor/University of John A. Bums William Chapman Phnom Penh 42 Architect NPS Delta Lightner John H. Stubbs Harry A. Butowsky Historian, NPS Pratt Cassity Learning from Levuka, Fiji— Valuing the Ordinary— Executive Director, Preservation in the First an Australian Perspective 45 National Alliance of Preservation Commissions Colonial Capital 15 Ken Taylor Muriel Crespi Cultural Anthropologist, NPS Gerald T. -
Inside Austronesian Houses: Perspectives on Domestic Designs for Living
InsIde AustronesIAn Houses PersPectives on domestic designs for living InsIde AustronesIAn Houses PersPectives on domestic designs for living edited by James J. fox A publication of the department of Anthropology as part of the comparative Austronesian Project, research school of Pacific studies the Australian national University canberra ACT Australia Published by ANU E Press The Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200, Australia Email: [email protected] Web: http://epress.anu.edu.au Previously published in Australia by the Department of Anthropology in association with the Comparative Austronesian Project, Research School of Pacific Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra 1993. National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Inside Austronesian Houses Bibliography. ISBN 0 731515 95 1 (print) ISBN 1 920942 84 X (online) 1. Dwellings - Asia, Southeastern. 2. Dwellings - Oceania. 3. Asia, Southeastern - Social life and customs. 4. Oceania - Social life and customs. I. Fox, James J., 1940- . II. Australian National University. Dept. of Anthropology. III. Comparative Austronesian Project. 392.360095 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Typesetting and drawings by Margaret Tyrie Cover design by Adrian Young Printed at ANU Printing Service, Canberra © The several authors, each in respect of the paper presented, 1993 This edition © 2006 ANU E Press DEDICATED TO THE MEMORIES OF: Anthony Forge and Hedda Morrison Building a new longhouse (photo by Hedda Morrison) Inside Austronesian Houses Table of Contents Acknowledgements xi Chapter 1. -
Migration-Decision Making and Social Status: Cambodian Female Migrant Workers
Migration-decision making and social status: Cambodian female migrant workers in Malaysia A thesis submitted to Kent State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts By Chhunly Chhay August 2019 © Copyright All rights reserved Except for previously published materials Thesis written by Chhunly Chhay B.A., Royal University of Law and Economics, Phnom Penh, 2008 M.A., Kent State University, 2019 Approved by James A. Tyner , Advisor Scott C. Sheridan , Chair, Department of Geography James L. Blank , Dean, College of Arts and Sciences Table of contents Table of contents ……………………………………………………………………………….. iii List of figures …………………………………………………………………………………… vi List of tables ………………………………………………………………………………….... vii List of maps …………………………………………………………………………………… viii List of abbreviations ………………………………………………………………………….... ix Acknowledgments ……………………………………………………………………………… x Chapters One - Introduction ………………………………………………………………………….. 1 Rationale, research questions, and significance of the study …………………………3 Motivating factors and decision-making ……………………………….……………. 4 Outline of the thesis ……………………………………………………………….…..6 Two - Migration: General, Cambodian context, and Cambodian migration to Malaysia…...7 Overview of women’s migration, gender, and decision-making …...…………… 7 General figures ……………………………………………………………………7 Gender and migration …………………………………………………………….8 A brief history of Cambodia ………………………………………………………..10 Gender and Women’s Social Status in a Cambodian Context ……………………..14 Historical development -
Research Report Essai De Compte Rendu D'exposition
Research Report Essai de compte rendu d’exposition MARY L. GROW Fieldnotes of a Column Raising Ceremony: Revitalizing the Wooden House in Cambodia Many architects working in countries recovering The vernacular architecture of the past is a from the devastation of civil war or interna- resource that can guide many construction tional conflict are dedicated to revitalizing the projects in the future. Cambodia is beginning built environment. Efforts in new construction, as to come back to life after a very dark time. A lot of building is taking place, but much of it well as historic preservation, attempt to provide disregards practices that respect the environ- communities with shelter and a sense of place that ment, support local craftsmen, and connect to is connected to cultural identity, local knowledge Khmer culture. I’m interested in preserving and historical memory. How this takes place is a older wooden houses and in building new valuable inquiry, and the focus of this field report ones based on traditional designs and methods that describes the work of Hok Sokol, an architect that consider these principles. I’m hoping that in Cambodia who is building and restoring Khmer wooden houses do not disappear from Cambo- wooden houses. It explores how the ritual practices dia. They’re an important part of our heritage. of a column raising ceremony are integrated into (pers. comm.) design and construction, thereby reconstituting Time, climatic conditions and civil unrest, coupled a world view and cultural inheritance that were more recently with rapid socio-economic changes, threatened severely during the brutal years (1975- have taken a toll on Cambodia’s historic wooden 1979) of the Khmer Rouge regime. -
'Fire in the House': Gendered Experiences of Drunkenness And
Geoforum 39 (2008) 1667–1675 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Geoforum journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/geoforum ‘Fire in the House’: Gendered experiences of drunkenness and violence in Siem Reap, Cambodia Katherine Brickell Department of Geography and Environment, London School of Economics, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom article info abstract Article history: After decades of turmoil and international isolation, Cambodia has embarked on a threefold transition: Received 22 December 2006 from armed conflict to peace, from political authoritarianism to liberal democracy, and from a socialist Received in revised form 8 April 2008 economic system to one based on market-driven capitalist growth. In this context of transition, the paper explores the perceived linkages that exist between drinking, drunkenness and gender-based violence in rural and urban Siem Reap, home to the global tourism site of Angkor. By considering the ways in which Keywords: men and women relate alcohol use with violence, the paper questions what implications these social con- Alcohol structions have for tackling gender-based violence and concludes that challenging such external explana- Cambodia tions for violence is needed in order for gender-based violence to be understood as the struggle for Drinking Gender equality in men and women’s everyday lives. Post-conflict Ó 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Violence 1. Introduction enness and violence in post-conflict and transition contexts before considering the conceptualisations of men, masculinities and vio- After decades of turmoil and international isolation, Cambodia lence, which underpin the framework of this paper. has embarked on a threefold transition: from armed conflict to peace, from political authoritarianism to liberal democracy, and 2. -
Roads to Development.Pdf
ROADS TO DEVELOPMENT Insights from Sre Ambel District, Southwest Cambodia MEAS NEE AND WAYNE McCALLUM © American Friends Service Committee – Cambodia Program. For permission to reproduce this document, please contact [email protected]. Edited by Roo Griffi ths Published by American Friends Service Committee – Cambodia Program. Layout and printing by Graphic Roots Design. ISBN 9-789996-352508 This publication was made possible through the generous support of Evangelischer Entwicklungsdienst e.V. (EED) and ICCOenKerkinActie (ICCO). EED is a development organization of the Protestant Churches in Germany. ICCO is the Interchurch Organisation for Development Cooperation, based in the Netherlands. The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors only. Photographs in the publication were taken by Wayne McCallum, unless otherwise noted. ROADS TO DEVELOPMENT Insights from Sre Ambel District, Southwest Cambodia MEAS NEE AND WAYNE McCALLUM Contents ACRONYMS ...................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .............................................................. iii INTRODUCTION .................................................................. 1 APPROACH ...................................................................... 2 INTRODUCING DEVELOPMENT ...................................................... 5 DEVELOPMENT IN CAMBODIA ....................................................... 9 The Angkorean Empire and pre-European development .............................. 9 Colonialism and -
Thailand, Laos & Cambodia
Thailand, Laos & Cambodia January 25–February 6, 2021 Dear Traveler, Sunlight peeking through the hanging vines. The calls of birds unknown to the ear. The tastes of unfamiliar spices dance upon your tongue. The chitter chatter of commerce with the whizzing sounds of tuk-tuks and mopeds racing down ancient streets. The air is electric. The smells are enticing. The sounds are beckoning. Welcome to the rich and varied lands of Southeast Asia. On this carefully choreographed journey through Thailand, Laos and Cambodia, delve into bustling Bangkok, Thailand with its gilded temples and canals bustling with open air markets. Sample street-food and sip drinks on a rooftop bar. Then fly north to Chiang Mai the country’s cultural epicenter and chat with monks and get up close with elephants. In Luang Phrabang, Laos unearth spiritual culture. Visit enchanting temples and tranquil streets. Learn about ancient ceremonies and their significance with an opportunity to partake in them. Explore serene temples by tuk tuk an adventurous transportation vehicle and learn how to be a rice farmer and follow in the footsteps of pilgrims on a cruise to sacred caves. In Siem Reap, Cambodia takes you on a different journey— delving deep into the fascinating world of ancient Angkor. Be amazed by the beauty of Angkor Wat, the smiling faces of Bayon Temple, and the jungle-like atmosphere of Ta Phrom. This part of the world has many hallmarks that Westerns assume of the region. From the miles of rice paddies littered with farmers working to the rhythm of rural life to the secluded, languid charm of rivers and canals exploding with dark rich green foliage. -
Vietnam, Cambodia & the Mekong River
vietnam, cambodia & the mekong river 2018 - 2019 BEST RIVER CRUISE LINE, ASIA TABLE contentsOF Welcome A Mekong river cruise provides a unique perspective on one of the most exotic regions of the world. 2 OUR STORY There are wondrous things to be seen along this fabled river – ancient temples and robed monks, colorful markets and ethereal landscapes, elegant Colonial-era architecture and the warm smiles 3 THE MIGHTY MEKONG of the friendly Vietnamese and Cambodian people. 5 NAVIGATE THE MEKONG IN STYLE AmaWaterways takes pride in designing journeys that venture beyond the ordinary and provide a 7 A PALATE-PLEASING JOURNEY tantalizing mix of must-see sights and hidden gems. Our Vietnam and Cambodia itineraries feature authentic cultural encounters, enticing shore excursions and expert guides well-versed in Asian 9 THE COLORFUL CONTRASTS religions, architecture and history. You can experience it all from the comfort of the elegant AmaDara, OF VIETNAM which features twin-balcony staterooms and suites, along with an array of onboard amenities. 11 THE ALLURE OF CAMBODIA Generations of distinguished explorers have been drawn to the magic and mystery of Southeast 13 AUTHENTIC EXPERIENCES Asia. Join us and see this endlessly fascinating destination for yourself. We hope to welcome you aboard soon. 15 RICHES OF THE MEKONG 2 nights in Hanoi, 1 night in Ha Long Bay, Sincerely, 3 nights in Siem Reap, 7-night Prek Kdam to Ho Chi Minh City Cruise and 2 nights in Rudi Schreiner Kristin Karst Gary Murphy Ho Chi Minh City President Executive Vice President -
Belmond La Résidence D'angkor
Welcome to Belmond La Résidence d’Angkor Colours dazzle. Flavours delight. Temples intrigue. This is your gateway to an ancient world. CHAPTER ONE Discover Cambodia Enter a land where the ancient and modern collide. Millennium-old ruins and tropical countryside rub shoulders with bustling nightlife and entertainment Cambodian history is a patchwork of grand empires and inspiring tales of resilience. Today, its storied past plays out across its enchanting landscape, from the mighty Mekong to the wild Cardamom Mountains, from fabled Angkor Wat to Phnom Penh’s thought- provoking sites. Perched on the northern shore of Tonlé Sap Lake, the thriving provincial city of Siem Reap has become a hotspot for travellers in recent years – and it’s easy to see why. Its miscellany of magnificent architecture, unspoiled jungle and mighty mountains give way to an altogether cosmopolitan scene. Surrounded by tropical gardens, Belmond La Résidence d’Angkor offers a peaceful hideaway at the heart of so-called Temple Town. Refurbished in 2016, the hotel ranks among Siem Reap’s premier luxury stays, yet retains the soul of an authentic Khmer retreat. Unwind with traditional Cambodian therapies at our award-winning spa or dine on authentic hawker cuisine. Belmond offers the perfect launchpad for a truly immersive adventure. BELMOND LA RÉSIDENCE D’ANGKOR BELMOND.COM/LARESIDENCEDANGKOR BELMOND LA RÉSIDENCE D’ANGKOR BELMOND.COM/LARESIDENCEDANGKOR “ Not all those who wander are lost.” – J R R Tolkien BELMOND LA RÉSIDENCE D’ANGKOR BELMOND.COM/LARESIDENCEDANGKOR Uncover Siem Reap An explosion of colour, flavour and mystical intrigue, this ancient city satisfies even the most intrepid traveller.