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ISAT Hall Home News Archives News Arranged in Chronological Order March 10, 2010 :: Tracy M. Sonneborn Award and Provost Professors announced

January 11, 2010 :: New physics center, leadership announced for IU Integrated Science and Accelerator Technology Hall

November 06, 2009 :: Tours of IUCF featured in Physics Open House Day

September 16, 2009 :: The Nuclear Theory Center (NTC) has merged with IUCF

September 11, 2009 :: IU Announces Cooperation Agreement between LENS and Tsinghua University

August 31, 2009 :: Indiana Medical Physics Alliance (IMPA) Symposium held at IUCF

July 01, 2009 :: Professor Mike Snow wins Faculty Research Support Program award to study neutron spin rotation

June 15, 2009 :: Pathfinder Summer Program students tour IUCF

May 06, 2009 :: Star crust 10 billion times stronger than steel, IU physicist finds

May 04, 2009 :: SESAME measures first neutrons

May 01, 2009 :: Roger Pynn receives Gunnar Randers Prize

April 14, 2009 :: IU, Crane recognize partnership to complete $9 million LINAC project

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ISAT Hall Home Tracy M. Sonneborn Award and Provost News Professors announced

By IU News Room March 10, 2010

Romualdo de Souza

De Souza is recognized by colleagues as bringing insight, ambition and energy to his area of science. His specialization is the field of nuclear reaction dynamics. He investigates nuclear reactions between heavy nuclei, from incident energies just above the Coulomb barrier to several hundred MeV/nucleon. He has made major contributions to the topic of strongly damped nuclear reactions, ternary fission and multi-fragmentation. His work on multi-fragmentation is widely recognized as some of the seminal work in this area.

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ISAT Hall Home New physics center, leadership announced News for IU Integrated Science and Accelerator Technology Hall

By Indiana University Communications January 11, 2010

Indiana University today (Jan. 11) announced a restructuring at its IU Integrated Science and Accelerator Technology Hall that creates a new physics research center and moves operational responsibility for the cyclotron to the Indiana University School of Medicine.

The new center, called the Indiana University Center for Matter and Beams (IUCMB), will be devoted to inquiry-based research in nuclear, condensed matter and accelerator-based physics.

The announcement was made by IU Provost and Executive Vice President Karen Hanson and Robert B. Schnabel, interim vice president for research. The facility had previously operated under the office of the IU Bloomington Vice Provost for Research.

"The Integrated Science and Accelerator Technology Hall has nearly doubled in size since the late 1990s, and as the breadth of the efforts has grown, it has become a challenge to operate within a single organizational structure," Hanson said. "We are therefore pleased to announce the creation of a new research center -- the IU Center for Matter and Beams -- that will allow the cyclotron´s two primary units, research and service, to continue to coexist in the same building in a mutually supportive manner."

Research involving faculty, students and research Dr. Peter Johnstone, chair of the IU School of staff that receives nearly $8 million annually in Medicine´s Department of Radiation Oncology, external support will continue through the new will assume responsibility over operations at the IUCMB while the cyclotron´s long tradition of IU Integrated Science and Accelerator service to the community by providing proton Technology Hall. beams for cancer treatment and neutrons for testing space electronics also will be maintained.

"Because of its intimate association with clinical cancer care, cyclotron operations will be shifting to the auspices of the School of Medicine´s Department of Radiation Oncology and affiliated with the IU Simon Cancer Center," Schnabel said. "We´re also pleased to announce that Dr. Peter Johnstone will assume responsibility for cyclotron operations, maintenance and clinical integration."

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Johnstone is chair of the IU School of Medicine´s Department of Radiation Oncology in Indianapolis and in 2008 was named president and chief executive officer of the Midwest Proton Radiotherapy Institute (MPRI), which is co-located at the Integrated Science and Accelerator Technology Hall. He also has oversight responsibility for radiation oncology services within Clarian Healthcare.

"The addition of cyclotron operations to the department´s portfolio will allow for seamless integrations between the complementary functions of proton beam production and delivery," Johnstone said. "The Bloomington facility is one of only six in the country providing proton therapy to cancer patients. It is an enormous asset to the entire Midwest, but especially for Hoosiers who otherwise would need to travel to Texas, Oklahoma, or one of the coasts for this unique type of therapy. I look forward to this opportunity to work with the cyclotron operations team as they join our patient care mission."

Dedicated in 1976, the facility houses particle accelerators that use large electromagnets to produce proton beams that can be used by MPRI for the irradiation of cancerous tumors, while the cyclotron´s Radiation Effects Research Program (RERP) uses neutrons created when protons bombard a beryllium target. The neutrons carry no electrical charge and can be moderated to penetrate materials while remaining sensitive to the respective material´s molecular structure, allowing scientists to analyze the effects of radiation of materials used in space.

"The new IU Center for Matter and Beams carries forward ISAT Hall´s outstanding research programs in nuclear science, condensed matter physics and accelerator physics. Since its mission will focus exclusively on basic research, IUCMB can provide support that is more finely tuned to meet the needs of researchers than ISAT Hall with its broader responsibilities was able to," noted ISAT Hall director and physics professor James Musser. "The accelerator-based facilities supported under IUCMB provide those researchers with capabilities that are absolutely unique in a university setting, and I expect great things from IUCMB in the future."

The restructuring will take place immediately and will necessitate a workforce reduction of about 15 percent of the current staff of about 130 employees. IU human resources professionals will provide support toward finding employment elsewhere within the university to those no longer assigned within the two operating units.

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ISAT Hall Home Tours of IUCF featured in Physics Open News House Day

November 6, 2009

On Saturday, October 31, 2009 more than 120 science enthusiasts of all ages toured IUCF and the Midwest Proton Radiotherapy Institute (MPRI) as part of the activities offered at the annual Indiana University Physics and Astronomy Open House. Middle and high school students, teachers and families from across the state of Indiana attended lectures, and enjoyed "hands-on" science in Swain West throughout the morning, and scheduled tours of IUCF and MPRI were offered for adults and students over the age of 13.

Dr. Ed Stephenson welcomed each tour group to IUCF and gave a brief presentation on the current projects under way at the facility. The tour groups, led by IUCF student and staff volunteers, started their tours at the Main Control Room, the "heart" of the facility where all of the accelerators and electrical systems are monitored 24/7, and then toured the Low Energy Neutron Source (LENS) area and the Radiation Effects Research Program (RERP) rooms. The groups also toured the Main Stage Accelerator vault to see the cyclotron – the huge magnets which accelerate hydrogen atoms to just under the speed of light to generate the protons used in many of the research programs. Dr. Ed Stephenson gives an overview of IUCF’s The final stop on the tour was the Midwest Proton projects to the Open House tour groups. Radiation Institute, which provides proton radiotherapy for cancer treatments. Completed in 2007, MPRI has three treatment rooms, including two massive gantries that can rotate 360° around a patient to deliver proton radiotherapy with pin- point precision from any angle.

Pre-arranged tours of IUCF are available for individuals and groups. Contact IUCF at (812) 855-9365 for details.

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ISAT Hall Home The Nuclear Theory Center (NTC) has News merged with IUCF

September 16, 2009

IUCF Director, Jim Musser, has announced that the Nuclear Theory Center (NTC) has merged with the IUCF organization under the Office of the Vice Provost for Research (OVPR) and may now receive technical support for their activities through IUCF. NTC activities will continue to be managed by Director Chuck Horowitz, who will serve as an Associate Director of IUCF. NTC members will receive the same support from IUCF as other IUCF-affiliated scientists, including travel, IT, grant preparation and submission, account monitoring, purchasing and other support. Jim Musser stated that he believes the merging of administrative support for the two organizations will result in substantial efficiencies and raise the general level of support for all. A warm welcome is extended to all NTC members.

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ISAT Hall Home IU Announces Cooperation Agreement News between LENS and Tsinghua University

September 11, 2009

The Office of the Vice President for International Affairs at Indiana University has announced "an Agreement of Friendship and Cooperation between Tsinghua University and Indiana University," starting on July 31, 2009, for two years. The Low-Energy Neutron Source (LENS) and the Advanced Electron Photon Accelerator (ALPHA) at Indiana University and the Hadron Application and Technology Center (HATC) at Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, plan to cooperate in order to advance mutual interests in the development of compact neutron and photon sources. Prof. Paul Sokol is the point of contact for IU and Prof. Jei Wei is the point of contact for Tsinghua. The agreement will allow the exchange of graduate students, postdocs and faculty. In addition, summer schools for graduate students will be held yearly with the location alternating between Bloomington and Beijing. The first school is planned for summer 2010 at LENS.

Prof. Paul Sokol and Prof. Dave Baxter of IUCF’s LENS group traveled to Beijing in June 2009 to speak at a workshop on Compact Pulsed Hadron Sources (CPHS09), and to discuss cooperation between the two universities. Dr Chun Loong and Dr Zhiyu Guo of Tsinghua University paid reciprocal visits to IUCF in the summer.

The cooperative agreement with Tsinghua is part of continuing research, educational and outreach programs of the LENS and ALPHA faculty. The LENS faculty currently support five graduate students and three post doctoral fellows in neutron scattering projects utilizing the Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) instrument and the polarized neutron Relectometer (SESAME). This summer the LENS group also mentored several undergraduate students in research projects through the Physics Department Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) Program. The ALPHA faculty currently support six graduate students and one postdoctoral fellow with research interest in advanced accelerator design and Inverse Compton Scattering.

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ISAT Hall Home Indiana Medical Physics Alliance (IMPA) News Symposium held at IUCF

August 31, 2009

The second Indiana Medical Physics Alliance (IMPA) Symposium was held in Bloomington, Indiana, on Saturday, August 29. The symposium featured research presented by students, faculty, clinicians and scientists from the Indiana University Department of Physics and the Cyclotron Facility (IUCF), the Midwest Proton Radiotherapy Institute (MPRI), the Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM) departments of Radiation Oncology and Radiology, and the Purdue University School of Health Sciences Medical Physics Program. The Participants at the IMPA Symposium listen director of IUCF, Jim Musser, welcomed twelve intently to Dr. Chee-Wai Cheng (MPRI) as he speakers and fifty attendees to this assembly, describes his research concerning the quality the second symposium in a continuing series of assurance of treatment planning dose volume meetings intended to exchange cutting edge histogram analysis. research results and improve networking among the affiliated members of the alliance. The four sessions: Technology Development, Clinical Applications, Radiation Biology and Associated Effects, were moderated by Susan Klein of IUB, Rob Stewart of Purdue, Colleen DesRosiers and Phil Dittmer of IUSM respectively. Included in the program were tours of the Proton Therapy System and MPRI, and a workshop on distance learning through course sharing lead by Amber Marks of the Committee on Institutional Cooperation (CIC) http://www.cic.net/Home.aspx.

The IMPA is a medical physics educational alliance that provides a didactic curriculum in medical physics shared by the three campuses: West Lafayette, Indianapolis and Bloomington, through the CIC CourseShare facility. Students gain clinical training at the Radiation Oncology Department, Indiana University Hospital and through the Imaging Sciences program of the Department of Radiology. Currently, Purdue awards masters and doctoral degrees in medical physics. Indiana University offers undergraduate courses through the Applied Physics track of the Bachelor of Science in Physics and anticipates offering a Master of Science in Medical Physics beginning in 2010. Research, a required component of all three programs, is unified Draik Hecksel, a Purdue doctoral and strengthened through the IMPA symposium series. student performing research at MPRI, explains his analysis of This symposium was organized by Susan Klein (IUCF), Rob neutron production resulting from Stewart (Purdue), Colleen DesRosiers (IUSM Radiation proton scattering during therapy. Oncology) and Gary Hutchins (IUSM Radiology).

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ISAT Hall Home Professor Mike Snow wins Faculty News Research Support Program award to study neutron spin rotation

July 1, 2009

Dr. Mike Snow of the Department of Physics and IUCF has received an award from the Indiana University Office of the Vice Provost for Research to develop a high-precision neutron spin rotation facility at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Center for Neutron Research in Gaithersburg, MD. This facility will build upon his laboratory´s recent search for parity-odd neutron spin rotation in liquid helium, which is the most sensitive measurement of its type ever performed, and make possible future experiments in helium, deuterium, and hydrogen targets. This accuracy is expected to be enough to see clearly the effects of quark-quark weak interactions in these systems for the first time. In addition, the same apparatus can be modified to conduct sensitive searches for possible new weak spin-dependent forces between neutrons and matter with ranges in the micron to Angstrom region. This facility will help put the IU nuclear Professor Mike Snow. physics experimental group in a strong position to take full advantage of the new science made possible by NIST´s construction of one of the most intense slow neutron beam for fundamental physics with neutrons in the world, and would further build upon the several existing IU/NIST collaborations in neutron physics and scattering.

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ISAT Hall Home Pathfinder Summer Program students tour News IUCF

By Garfield Warren June 15, 2009

On June 15, 2009, IUCF and LENS hosted one hundred and twenty Pathfinder students on a half-day visit to the facility. The Indiana University Office of Community and School Partnership annually sponsor Pathfinders Summer Programs for Indiana Middle School Students. These summer camps are designed to expose, motivate and prepare students for college. This summer the Pathfinder students had an opportunity to visit IUCF. The students were treated to a “Question and Answer” session in the North Conference room highlighted with a few demonstrations. In addition, the Pathfinder students had an opportunity to learn about and tour IUCF’s Control Room, the new Advanced Linac Electron-Photon facility (ALPHA), the Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) area, and the Low Energy Neutron Source (LENS) project. Many of students appeared to be intrigued by the research and science conducted at the facility. By exposing students early to educational and research opportunities in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines, IUCF helps inspire our youth to continue to lead the world in scientific innovation and creativity.

Garfield Warren explains light Back to News scattering and diffraction with Index his miniature liquid crystal display.

Paul Sokol demonstrates some properties of light. Light may be used to probe material and determine structure.

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ISAT Hall Home Star crust 10 billion times stronger than News steel, IU physicist finds

By Steve Chaplin, Indiana University Communications May 6, 2009

Research by a theoretical physicist at Indiana University shows that the crusts of neutron stars are 10 billion times stronger than steel or any other of the earth´s strongest metal alloys.

Charles Horowitz, a professor in the IU College of Arts and Sciences´ Department of Physics, came to the conclusion after large-scale molecular dynamics computer simulations were conducted at Indiana University and Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico. The research will appear Friday (May 8) in Physical Review Letters.

Exhibiting extreme gravity while rotating as fast as 700 times per second, neutron stars are massive stars that collapsed once their cores ceased nuclear fusion and energy production. The only things more dense are black holes, as a teaspoonful of neutron star matter would weigh about 100 million tons.

Scientists want to understand the structure of neutron stars, in Charles Horowitz part, because surface irregularities, or mountains, in the crust could radiate gravitational waves and in turn may create ripples in space-time. Understanding how high a mountain might become before collapsing from the neutron star´s gravity, or estimating the crust´s breaking strain, also has implications for better understanding star quakes or magnetar giant flares.

"We modeled a small region of the neutron star crust by following the individual motions of up to 12 million particles," Horowitz said of the work conducted through IU´s Nuclear Theory Center in the Office of the Vice Provost for Research. "We then calculated how the crust deforms and eventually breaks under the extreme weight of a neutron star mountain."

Performed on a large computer cluster at Los Alamos National Laboratory and built upon smaller versions created on special-purpose molecular dynamics computer hardware at IU, the simulations identified a neutron star crust that far exceeded the strength of any material known on earth.

The crust could be so strong as to be able to elicit gravitational waves that could not only limit the spin periods of some stars, but that could also be detected by high-resolution telescopes called interferometers, the modeling found. An online version of the research paper, "The breaking strain of neutron star crust and gravitational waves," can be found at http://arxiv.org/PS_cache/arxiv/pdf/0904/0904.1986v1.pdf.

"The maximum possible size of these mountains depends on the breaking strain of the neutron star crust," Horowitz said. "The large breaking strain that we find should support mountains on rapidly rotating neutron stars large enough to efficiently radiate gravitational waves."

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Because of the intense pressure found on neutron stars, structural flaws and impurities that weaken things like rocks and steel are less likely to strain the crystals that form during the nucleosynthesis that occurs to form neutron star crust. Squeezed together by gravitational force, the crust can withstand a breaking strain 10 billion times the pressure it would take to snap steel.

Earlier this year, Horowitz was elected a fellow of the American Physical Society, the preeminent organization of physicists in the United States, for his contribution to research in dense nuclear matter. His most recent work on neutron stars was supported by a grant from the U.S. Department of Energy and through Shared University Research Grants from IBM to IU. Working with Horowitz were Don Berry, a principal systems analyst with the High Performance Applications Group in University Information Technology Services at Indiana University, and Kai Kadau at Los Alamos National Laboratory.

Article courtesy of IU News Room

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ISAT Hall Home SESAME measures first neutrons News By Paul Stonaha May 4, 2009

The newest LENS beamline, dubbed SESAME (Spin Echo Scattering Angle Measurement), measured its first neutrons on April 21, 2009. Started in the summer of 2006, this beamline has been the vision of IU professor Roger Pynn at IUCF. SESAME will use polarized neutrons to probe in-plane correlations on solid and liquid samples. The process relies upon precise magnetic fields to encode the scattering angle of neutrons into the final polarization of the beam. A 3He analyzer that is currently being designed and built by Dr. Mike Snow, also of IUCF, will be used as a polarizer filter for SESAME.

Several experiments at national labs over the past three years have provided proof-of-principle results for SESAME. Pictured here is a cartoon of neutrons The most recent experiments were performed at the NIST scattering off a biological membrane. Center for Neutron Research and the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center, in which neutron reflectivity was carried out on a nanopatterned silicon stamp. The results have been confirmed through theoretical calculations, and provide a basis for analysis of future experiments on more complicated structures, such as biomembranes and block copolymers.

SESAME is a neutron scattering technique for probing nanometer-to micron-scale correlations of planer structure of a material. Pictured above is a cartoon of neutrons scattering off a biological membrane. SESAME will provide scientists with a method to ensure a high degree of in-plane uniformity in nanoscale materials.

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ISAT Hall Home Roger Pynn receives Gunnar Randers News Prize

May 1, 2009

Roger Pynn has been awarded the prestigious Gunnar Randers Research Prize. The prize was presented to him by King Harald V of Norway at a ceremony at the Institute for Energy Technology in Kjeller, Norway, on April 20, 2009. The Gunnar Randers Research Prize was established in 2001, and is awarded every second year in recognition of outstanding work in condensed matter physics by Norwegians or persons connected with Norwegian research. Roger Pynn was awarded the prize for his pioneering work in the development of new neutron scattering methods and applications within the field of advanced materials science. The international prize selection committee’s His Majesty King Harald V of Norway (left) commendation noted that Prof. Pynn "has presents the Gunnar Randers Prize to Roger documented the most outstanding professional Pynn quality, and his work has led to increased (photo: Einar Madsen, IFE) fundamental understanding within the areas of complex fluids, bio molecular systems and magnetic structures. He is also a brilliant communicator with profound insight in research political questions."

At the ceremony, which was attended by many dignitaries from the government and scientific world, Prof. Pynn received the prize of 100,000NOK, plus a work of art by Kåre Tveter. In his acceptance speech, Pynn acknowledged the debt he owed to the mentoring of Dr Tormod Riste while he was a postdoc in Norway and encouraged the Norwegian authorities to put their weight behind efforts to bring the European Spallation Source to Lund in Sweden. Following the ceremony he gave a public lecture entitled "Energy, Information, Geilo Schools and Neutron Scattering—Tieing together some loose ends." I was really pleased that so many of my old colleagues from the early days were able to attend the ceremony," Pynn said. "The Norwegians have a great opportunity to use their oil wealth to make a major international impact in basic research, and they are especially concerned to make that impact in areas of renewable energy. After the prize ceremony, King Harald opened a new photovoltaics lab at IFE, which is part of that commitment."

Roger Pynn was born in England, and obtained his doctorate degree from Cambridge University. He spent two years as a post doctoral researcher at the Institute for Energy Technology (IFE) in the 1970s, and has maintained a close relationship with Norwegian researchers since then through his work at the Geilo Schools, a series of NATO Advanced Study Institutes that have been organized every other year since 1971. In addition to his work at IFE, Pynn has carried out neutron scattering experiments in Denmark, Sweden, Russia, Japan, France, Germany and the United States. He has worked in a variety of fields including structural phase transitions, low dimensional magnets, soft condensed matter and biology. In 1987 he became Director of Manual Lujan Jr. Neutron Scattering Center at Los Alamos National Laboratory. After a 13-year management career at Los Alamos, which included periods as the Laboratory´s Program Manager for Basic Energy Sciences and as Division

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Director of the Los Alamos Neutron Science Division, he returned to research in 2001. Since that time, he has developed programs in the design of novel neutron instrumentation and in the biophysical research using neutron scattering.

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ISAT Hall Home IU, Crane recognize partnership to News complete $9 million LINAC project

By Steve Chaplin, Indiana University Communications April 14, 2009

Indiana University and Crane Naval Surface Warfare Center recognized the success of an ongoing partnership to enhance national security and advance research opportunities in life sciences, physics and other fields during a ceremony Monday (April 13) at IU′s Cyclotron Facility.

IU has received $7.83 million in collaboration with Crane since 2007 to design improvements and upgrade equipment on a linear accelerator (LINAC) that will be used at the Cyclotron to test the effects of radiation on Department of Defense space and missile systems.

A linear accelerator in use more than 20 years at Crane no longer meets modern technological standards.

As the new Advanced LINAC Facility (ALF) supports the Defense Department′s needs to ensure the survivability and reliability of space and IU physicist and LINAC principal investigator missile systems in the radiation environment Paul Sokol, left, IU Provost Karen Hanson and encountered in space, the project also will directly Crane commander Captain Charles LaSota support a variety of IU research initiatives with were among the speakers at Monday′s access to a high brightness, fast pulsed X-ray ceremony. source that can provide fluxes well in excess of those available in the most advanced university-based facilities.

"It′s a win-win project and an unbelievably important partnership," said IU Provost Karen Hanson. "And it clearly satisfies IU′s primary three-fold mission of providing opportunities for enhancing research, teaching and service."

IU researchers expect the facility to support development of innovations in the life sciences, including the rapidly expanding area of inquiry into nanobiological systems, and specifically, nano- and micro- fabrication to build devices for studying biosystems. The ability to organize matter in complex, communicative, non-equilibrium environments, across length scales from atoms to organisms, make biological systems the ultimate working example of nanotechnology.

The facility, which is expected to become fully operational in about two years, also will make important contributions to the study of energy related problems. The ALF will provide unique capabilities to study and possibly make critical contributions to new technologies addressing solar and biofuel energy generation, energy storage connected to nanotubes and hydrides, and energy systems like LED-based lighting designs.

A linear accelerator is an electrical device that accelerates subatomic particles. Most commonly used to deliver radiation treatments to cancer patients, the LINAC at the Cyclotron will deliver X-ray fluxes

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10,000 times greater than those available in the most advanced university-based facilities and, in turn, will allow for dynamic life science research like protein folding to be studied.

"This is a prime example of the value that can be added by collaborations between the university and other agencies," said IU physicist Paul Sokol, principal investigator on the project. "Crane will end up with the access to a world class testing facility, and IU will have world class research facilities."

All U.S. Defense space and missile systems are required to survive radiation effects found in space, and prompt dose rate effects also arise from nuclear weapons. LINACs are a fundamental tool used to characterize the response of electronics in these types of environments, said Crane commander Captain Charles LaSota.

"These are high reliability systems that have to operate perfectly the first time and every time," he said. "And it′s the men and women of Crane and here at IU that carry out this work that we rely on, and this tool will allow them to continue that work."

Federal support for the project began in 2007 with a $1.63 million appropriation, followed by $3 million in 2008 and $3.2 million in 2009. A congressional request for an appropriation of $1.17 million is currently pending for 2010.

U.S. Rep. Baron Hill said the project underscored Crane′s importance as an economic shareholder in the region.

"Crane is the second largest employer in Southern Indiana so it′s important we keep Crane here," he said. "We′ve had base closings all around the country, and we don′t want that to happen to Crane."

Sokol said the next phase of work on the LINAC will be the installation in coming weeks of four 17- ton magnets that will form the core of the storage ring for the accelerator.

Article courtesy of IU News Room

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ISAT Hall Home News Archives News Arranged in Chronological Order April 03, 2009 :: Michihiro Nagao receives Young Scientist Award from the Physical Society of Japan

March 17, 2009 :: Roger Pynn featured author in "McGraw-Hill Yearbook of Science and Technology 2009"

February 16, 2009 :: First signals from Spiral Particle Detector observed

February 12, 2009 :: LENS reaches several milestones

October 27, 2008 :: Completion of LENS

September 24, 2008 :: ProCure awards IUCF $570,000 to construct a beam line for medical device testing

July 03, 2008 :: 70 years later, IU Cyclotron works to save lives

June 30, 2008 :: IUCF graduate student, Brian Page, receives Lindau Nobel Laureate Award

April 30, 2008 :: First patient treated in third treatment room at MPRI

April 22, 2008 :: Raymond L. Orbach, DOE Under Secretary for Science, to visit IUCF on April 24

March 31, 2008 :: LENS reaches target of 13MeV

February 13, 2008 :: IUCF participates in Life Sciences Day at Indiana State House

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ISAT Hall Home News Archives News Arranged in Chronological Order February 05, 2008 :: Neutron Radiography project awarded $900,000 grant

December 07, 2007 :: IUCF completes construction on third MPRI treatment room

November 07, 2007 :: LENS produces first 1kW proton beam

September 04, 2007 :: Prof. Romualdo deSouza receives Glenn T. Seaborg Award

July 23, 2007 :: New IUCF Interim Director Appointed

May 31, 2007 :: Prof. Hans-Otto Meyer receives Humboldt Research Award

May 17, 2007 :: First Findings from MiniBooNE Experiment Resolve Neutrino Oscillation Question

March 28, 2007 :: MPRI treats first patient using robotic gantry system

February 23, 2007 :: Midwest Accelerator Physics Collaboration Meeting comes to IUCF again in 2007

January 20, 2007 :: Eighty-seventh PhD awarded for research at IUCF

January 03, 2007 :: IUCF receives FDA clearance for the Proton Therapy System

December 21, 2006 :: LENS produces first klystron-powered proton beam

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ISAT Hall Home News Archives News Arranged in Chronological Order October 25, 2006 :: IUCF Moves High Energy Physics in a New Direction

October 09, 2006 :: Annual IUCF/MPRI Open House Tours attract more than 100 visitors

September 01, 2006 :: Signing Ceremony held for 510(k) FDA document submission for Proton Therapy Treatment System

June 28, 2006 :: IUCF LENS group featured at ACNS2006 Conference

June 20, 2006 :: IUCF hosts Eighth International Quasi-elastic Neutron Scattering Conference (QENS2006)

April 17, 2006 :: IUCF team celebrates successful test of the Liquid Parahydrogen Target for the NPDGamma Experiment at Los Alamos National Laboratory

April 04, 2006 :: IUCF faculty member Roger Pynn elected President of the Neutron Scattering Society of America.

March 01, 2006 :: LENS facility runs for approximately one week

January 05, 2006 :: IUCF awarded $4.2 million in Federal funding

December 15, 2005 :: Matias L. Ochoada Scholarship Endowment Fund Established

November 11, 2005 :: Boy Scouts from Troop #131 tour IUCF

October 24, 2005 :: IUCF Director Emeritus, Dr. John Cameron, receives Distinguished Faculty Award

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ISAT Hall Home News Archives News Arranged in Chronological Order October 14, 2005 :: Gallagher the Comedian visits IUCF

October 04, 2005 :: Tours of IUCF popular feature of IU Physics Department’s Annual Open House

September 15, 2005 :: IUCF welcomes three new faculty members

September 14, 2005 :: IUCF hosts international workshop on Probing Complex Fluid Membranes and Films with Neutron Spin-echo

July 28, 2005 :: IUCF hosts international workshop on Probing Complex Fluid Membranes and Films with Neutron Spin-echo

July 27, 2005 :: Work of former IUCF Professor Larry Langer on the profiled

June 21, 2005 :: House of Representatives approves bill awarding $5.6 million to IUCF

April 26, 2005 :: LENS produces its first "cold" neutron beam

April 08, 2005 :: IUCF faculty member Prof. S.Y. Lee receives Humboldt Award

March 08, 2005 :: First Test of Neutron Radiation Effects

January 04, 2005 :: IUCF: 2004 in Review

December 15, 2004 :: First Neutron Beam produced by LENS!

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ISAT Hall Home News Archives News Arranged in Chronological Order November 22, 2004 :: Plaque Marks Entry of IU into Oak Ridge Associated Universities

November 08, 2004 :: Shining STAR for IU Research

October 05, 2004 :: STAR Endcap Meeting held at IUCF

September 24, 2004 :: "little a" collaboration awarded NSF grant

August 23, 2004 :: Clear AFS Equipment Extraction

August 18, 2004 :: TR3 Gantry Assembled in Record Time!

August 18, 2004 :: Message from the Director, Paul Sokol

June 15, 2004 :: New Director for IUCF

June 13, 2004 :: Seeing Light from (a) STAR

April 05, 2004 :: STAR Endcap Approaching Completion

April 03, 2004 :: MPRI Treats First Patient

April 02, 2004 :: More Support for LENS

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ISAT Hall Home News Archives News Arranged in Chronological Order April 01, 2004 :: We're Now A Part of Oak Ridge Associated Universities

March 10, 2004 :: LENS Scavengers

August 01, 2003 :: Gantry Installation Begins

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ISAT Hall Home News Archives News Arranged in Chronological Order March 10, 2010 :: Tracy M. Sonneborn Award and Provost Professors announced

January 11, 2010 :: New physics center, leadership announced for IU Integrated Science and Accelerator Technology Hall

November 06, 2009 :: Tours of IUCF featured in Physics Open House Day

September 16, 2009 :: The Nuclear Theory Center (NTC) has merged with IUCF

September 11, 2009 :: IU Announces Cooperation Agreement between LENS and Tsinghua University

August 31, 2009 :: Indiana Medical Physics Alliance (IMPA) Symposium held at IUCF

July 01, 2009 :: Professor Mike Snow wins Faculty Research Support Program award to study neutron spin rotation

June 15, 2009 :: Pathfinder Summer Program students tour IUCF

May 06, 2009 :: Star crust 10 billion times stronger than steel, IU physicist finds

May 04, 2009 :: SESAME measures first neutrons

May 01, 2009 :: Roger Pynn receives Gunnar Randers Prize

April 14, 2009 :: IU, Crane recognize partnership to complete $9 million LINAC project

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ISAT Hall Home First patient treated in third treatment room News at MPRI

April 30, 2008

On April 16, 2008, the first patient was treated in the recently- completed third treatment room of the Midwest Proton Radiotherapy Institute (MPRI). The successful operation of the third treatment room in MPRI marks the completion of IUCF’s design, installation and testing of the three proton radiotherapy treatment rooms in MPRI, a project which began in 2003.

“This event represents a significant milestone for MPRI and for IUCF. It required enormous work and sacrifice by many IUCF staff members over a number of years to make this possible, and all who played a part should feel pride in this very significant The gantry at MPRI is used to accomplishment” says Jim Musser, Interim Director of IUCF. rotate the beam delivery apparatus, so that protons can The third treatment room at MPRI, like the second treatment room, be administered to a patient’s uses a unique industrial robotic patient positioning system with a tumor from any selected angle. rotating gantry. The gantry is used to rotate the entire apparatus for beam delivery, so that protons aimed at the tumor can enter the Video of the gantry in motion: patient’s body from multiple directions. QuickTime - Download Player Windows Media - Download The combination of the gantry and positioning system allows MPRI Player to utilize additional beam angles to treat spinal cord, head and Real - Download Player neck, and brain tumor patients in such a way as to increase the sparing of healthy tissue. This rotating gantry Proton Therapy System (PTS) has been cleared by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

The novel PTS builds on IUCF’s experience with the first MPRI treatment room, which has treated more than 240 patients in the last three years. The system in the first treatment room uses the robotic patient positioning system coupled with a fixed horizontal beam line. The robotic arm allows more flexibility in positioning the patient than traditional couch designs used in conventional X-ray therapy or other proton centers in the nation.

With one fixed-beam treatment room and two rotating-beam rooms in place, MPRI will be able to substantially increase the number of patients undergoing treatment.

More information about MPRI and proton radiotherapy can be found at www.mpri.org.

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ISAT Hall Home Michihiro Nagao receives Young Scientist News Award from the Physical Society of Japan

April 3, 2009

Dr. Michihiro Nagao received a 2009 Young Scientist Award from the Physical Society of Japan at their annual meeting in Tokyo. Dr. Nagao presented his award lecture on March 28 at Rikkyo University, entitled "Concentration dependence of shape and structure fluctuations of droplet microemulsions investigated by neutron spin echo spectroscopy."

The Physical Society of Japan encompasses 13 fields of research in the physical sciences, and established the Young Scientists Awards in order to encourage young researchers in their research work in these various fields. There are approximately 18,000 members in the JPS, and 50 Young Scientist Awards are given each year. Dr. Nagao received the award in the area of soft- matter physics.

In their recommendation for the award, Dr. Michihiro Nagao. the Award Committee wrote: “In many areas of materials science, including biological systems, it is important to clarify nanometer scale structures and dynamics to understand the behavior. In some cases, such as self-assembling soft matter molecules (e.g. polymers, amphiphiles and so on) the temporal and structural correlations may be hierarchical. Small- angle neutron scattering technique is one of the most powerful experimental techniques to apply for this purpose, but unfortunately it is often difficult to obtain useful information due to the limitations Dr. Michihiro Nagao (right) of traditional model-dependent analyses. However, Dr. Nagao receiving the Award from the realized a new analysis method to obtain structural information Chair of the Award Screening without assuming such a model under certain conditions. Based on Committee. this idea he studied the structure of a typical soft matter system, a micro-emulsion composed of water, oil, and amphiphiles. In addition, he expanded the idea to analyze neutron spin echo data, and it succeeded in decoupling the analyses of the shape and structure fluctuations in the spherical microemulsions. As a result, he obtained some important findings that the water droplet surrounded by amphiphiles has not uniformly dispersed in oil medium but forms micro clusters, and so on. These data analysis methods can be applied to some other soft matter systems, such as micelles and biological systems, and more future evolution is expected. Based on these achievements, the Young Scientist Award Screening Committee judged that the study done by Dr. Nagao is suitable for winning the prize in its impact to the field, its originality, farsightedness, and potential for future evolution."

Dr. Nagao was born in Hiroshima, Japan, and received his doctorate from the University of Tokyo in 2001. He was a Research Associate at the Neutron Science Laboratory, Institute for Solid State Physics, at the University of Tokyo from 1997-2006. He joined IUCF in 2006 as a Staff Physicist, and as Guest Researcher at the Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology in Gaithersburg, Maryland.

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ISAT Hall Home Roger Pynn featured author in "McGraw- News Hill Yearbook of Science and Technology 2009"

March 17, 2009

IUCF′s Roger Pynn contributed to the McGraw Hill "Yearbook of Science and Technology 2009," and data from his article on neutron scattering is also featured on the yearbook′s cover. The McGraw-Hill "Yearbook of Science and Technology 2009" continues its "tradition of making information on the latest advances in science and technology accessible to the non-specialist." Each yearbook features invited articles "written by international leaders in their respective fields."

Roger Pynn, a long-time contributor to the field of neutron scattering, and President of the Neutron Scattering Society of America (NSSA), was invited to provide an article on the status of and latest developments in neutron scattering. The last ten years have seen the construction and commissioning of several major neutron scattering facilities, including the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in the United States and the Japanese Spallation Neutron Source. Pynn′s article reports on the status of these new facilities, and highlights recent developments in research. The article also explores what neutron scattering can do in practical terms, one "Yearbook of Science and Technology example being research on materials that can be used in 2009" a future hydrogen-based (versus fossil-fuel based) economy. The illustration of data from NIST (taken by Taner Yildirim) is featured on the cover of the 2009 Yearbook.

IUCF and the SNS at Oak Ridge National Lab are currently collaborating extensively in neutron scattering research and instrumentation development. The SNS regards IUCF as an important facility for the training and education of young scientists in the field, and for the development of new equipment and instrumentation. Roger Pynn, who joined IUCF in August 2005, holds a joint position with Indiana University and the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. His research interests also include the development of a new technique (dubbed SESAME or Spin Echo Scattering Angle Measurement) for probing structural correlations over length scales between a few 10′s of nm to more than 1 micron, and the use of this and other neutron scattering methods to probe structure in soft matter such as polymers, gels and membranes.

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ISAT Hall Home First signals from Spiral Particle Detector News observed

February 16, 2009

The first signals from the Spiral Particle Detector being developed at IUCF were observed on Wednesday February 10, 2009. The detector is named for the geometrical nature of the spiral electrode structure. The aim of this detector development is to provide detectors for the new high-powered neutron sources such as the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oakridge National Lab (ORNL). The newer neutron sources will require neutron detectors capable of working efficiently in a much higher peak count rate environment than traditional thermal neutron detectors are capable of currently. The unique electrode design in the final version of the SPD should allow the detector to operate efficiently in neutron flux environments that are at least one order of magnitude greater than thermal neutron detectors that are presently available. X-ray spectra for a 5 KeV x-ray incident on the SPD. The SPD is being developed by IUCF instrument scientist Keith Solberg. Keith has been leading novel particle detector development efforts at IUCF for more than a few decades. His designs are currently in use at several national laboratories generating critical physics data.

The attached figure shows an x-ray spectra for a 5 KeV x-ray incident on the SPD. The horizontal axis is the relative magnitude of the signal and the vertical scale is the number of signals recorded with the corresponding magnitude. The electrode structure is not in its final form. Consequently, the energy resolution and count rate capability are not as good as they will be in the final design.

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ISAT Hall Home LENS reaches several milestones News February 12, 2009

LENS has recently reached a major milestone with the completion of construction of the source and the SANS (Small Angle Neutron Scattering) Instrument. Both are operational and the source is ramping up to full power. The second instrument, SESAME (Spin Echo Scattering Angle Measurement), is under construction and expected to be on-line by late Spring of 2009. To commence the scientific program at LENS, which will serve as a regional The SANS (Small Angle Neutron Scattering) neutron scattering facility, a Workshop was held at Instrument. IUCF on December 5, 2008. The theme of the workshop was “Large Scale Structure Investigation with Neutrons” and it was targeted to faculty and students of Universities and Colleges in Indiana, particularly those that don′t currently use neutrons in their research. Tutorial presentations by both internal and external speakers illustrated the capabilities of small angle neutron scattering in investigating large scale structures in areas such as biology, material science, polymers, and geology. In addition, the LENS user program philosophy and the beam time application procedure were presented. Over 40 faculty, postdocs and graduate students from IU Bloomington, IUPUI and other local universities participated. The workshop was very well received and has already resulted in several new scientific proposals for SANS beam time. The LENS SANS Workshop was a succesful start to what we hope will be an exciting program of scientifc work carried out at LENS.

More information on the Low Energy Neutron Source can be found at http://www.iucf.indiana.edu/lens/. The program of the workshop can be found at the LENS Meetings website http://www.iucf.indiana.edu/lens/meetings.php.

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ISAT Hall Home Completion of LENS News By Dr. Paul Sokol October 27, 2008

The Low Energy Neutron Source (LENS) at IUCF reached two major milestones recently. The first milestone is the completion of the accelerator (currently a proton beam of 2.6 kW delivered on target) and ramping up to full power. The second major milestone is the completion of the Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) Instrument and entering regular operation for scientific studies.

Over the summer Tom Rinckel (Associate Director for Operations), assisted by the IUCF staff, completed the installation of a 100 KV 5 A power supply for the Klystrons. Installation of this power supply, which was obtained from Los Alamos, will allow us to reach full power operation (12 KW). This was the last major construction task for the neutron source; accelerator, proton beam transport lines and target moderator reflector (TMR) assemblies are now complete. The installation of the new power supply allowed us to move past the 1 KW limit enforced by the old 1 A supply. We are continuing to ramp up the power and expect to reach 6 KW on target by the end of the calendar year and full power by summer of 2009.

During the same period the SANS instrument, under the guidance of Helmut Kaiser (Associate Director for User Science), began scientific operation. SANS is the first instrument to become operational at LENS. First scientific studies are focused on examining the effects of nano-scale confinement on model glass forming liquids. Future scientific studies will include the investigation of the structure of phospholipid/ethanol/cholesterol mixtures, fuel cell membranes and polarizer studies. The SANS instrument The first LENS Workshop for potential users will be held on December 5, 2008. For more information about the Workshop contact Dr. Helmut Kaiser.

The LENS program at IUCF was started in 2003 with a three-fold mission: to conduct materials research with neutrons, develop new neutron instrumentation for both fundamental and applied research, and to enhance education in the science and technology of neutrons at all levels. The source utilizes a low energy p-n reaction in Beryllium coupled with a high-current, variable-pulse- width proton accelerator to produce either short or long neutron pulses. LENS produced its first cold neutron beam in April 2005 and its first klystron-powered beam in December 2006.

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ISAT Hall Home ProCure awards IUCF $570,000 to News construct a beam line for medical device testing

September 24, 2008

ProCure is collaborating with IUCF to build a state-of-the-art test facility for devices to be used in proton therapy delivery. ProCure provides turnkey proton therapy facilities using a standardized model that provides each center with diagnostic, treatment planning, facility management, and imaging integration systems and software.

On September 24, 2008 IUCF was awarded $570,000 to design and construct a beam line to be used by ProCure for development and testing of detectors and medical devices Future location of the ProCure test intended for use in their facilities throughout the United facility at IUCF. States. The test beam line will provide ProCure with proton beams of tunable energy between 65 MeV and 208 MeV and ion fluxes up to 1011 protons per second per cm2. Other beam parameters such as position stability and energy spread will be comparable to those used to treat patients at the Midwest Proton Therapy Institute (MPRI). The new test facility will be located in one of the research vaults of the Radiation Effects Research Program (RERP).

The new beam line offers the unique opportunity to develop novel detector concepts. The facility will also expand the curriculum of the ProCure Training and Development Center in Bloomington, Indiana. Trainees will have the opportunity to experience actual proton beam delivery and detection at IUCF in addition to the simulated treatment delivery offered at the Training and Development Center.

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ISAT Hall Home 70 years later, IU Cyclotron works to save News lives

July 3, 2008

Nuclear physics at Indiana University Bloomington has come a long way.

The program was created 70 years ago by A.C.G. Mitchell, hired by former IU President Herman B Wells to initiate basic physics research in 1938. Between 1939 and 1941, faculty members and students worked in Swain Hall to build the program's centerpiece, a 90-ton "cyclotron" that accelerates hydrogen nuclei, or protons, as they zoom around in a circle flanked by powerful magnets.

The Swain Hall cyclotron is gone, but IU cyclotron research is alive and well.

The Indiana University Cyclotron Facility (IUCF) on the IU Bloomington campus houses a cyclotron 40 times more powerful than the original. The proton beam is used in a wide variety of ways, from testing the resilience of astronaut equipment to treating cancer. But aiding space exploration and medicine -- this is not what IU physicists had in mind as they prodded their atomic creation.

A little history

In the fall of 1942, just four years after IU's first cyclotron began construction under the guidance of Franz Kurie, the cyclotron played a small but crucial role in research conducted by physicists from the Met Lab in Chicago, which shortly would be absorbed into the greatest arms race of all time -- the Manhattan Project. Formally known as the Manhattan Engineer District, the Manhattan Project refers to the time period between 1941 to 1946 when the United States conducted research that led to development of the world's first , the atomic bomb.

"I don't think many people realize the tremendous pressure scientists were under to make the atomic bomb when they heard the Germans had a head start," said Emeritus Professor of Physics Dan Miller. Miller was in the Navy at the time, but has conducted extensive research about the project and interviewed many of its contributors. "The scientists felt that if the Germans got it first, it was the end for us."

The team of scientists from Chicago -- which included legends John Marshall and Louis Slotin -- came to Bloomington because IU's cyclotron was superior to the Chicago cyclotron.

The operation was top secret. A guard was stationed in the hallway of Swain Hall, blocking student and faculty access to the crucial experiments -- and, as one professor recalled, the closest bathroom. Even a graduate student who ran the cyclotron had no idea what experiments were being done, or for what purpose they were intended.

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"The cyclotron was originally built for basic physics research, but switched temporarily to The original cyclotron in Swain Hall weighed 90 neutron diffusion research to help the effort to tons and was built almost entirely by faculty and save the country," said Miller. graduate students. Just months later, scientists successfully created the first chain reaction in uranium. And two years after that, the first tests were conducted in Alamogordo, New Mexico. In 1945, the United States dropped atomic and nuclear bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, after which Japan surrendered.

Diverting attention (and protons) to cancer

The original cyclotron was shut down in 1968. Construction of the present facility began the following year, and it was formally commissioned in 1976. After 20 years of successful nuclear physics research, the IUCF was selected for a new project -- treating cancer patients with proton radiation.

In July 2000, More than $10 million of grant funding was released to begin constructing the Midwest Proton Radiotherapy Institute (MPRI), at the time, only the third facility of its kind in the United States. Harvard's Cyclotron Laboratory first offered the technique in 1964.

Proton radiotherapy uses protons (hydrogen Several IU physicists -- including A.C.G. Mitchell nuclei) to attack cancer cells. Traditional radiation -- pose in front of the cyclotron during a physics therapy uses X-rays, gamma rays or electrons. conference in 1940. The difference is in the physics of the radiation being used, which allows for many benefits. Although long-term studies of the efficacy of proton therapy continue, its advocates have shown proton beams can be less damaging to healthy tissue than traditional forms of radiation -- yet still deliver a destructive blow to targeted cancer cells.

"This is especially beneficial because traditional radiotherapy can cause cancer in the tissues it passes through on the way to the target cells," said Susan Klein, research scientist in biomedical and life sciences at the IUCF. "Nobody wants to cure a patient of cancer only to see him or her develop something worse 20 years later."

There are now five proton therapy centers in operation in the United States, with about a dozen new facilities in the works. Of that handful, only one continues to push the envelope by actively researching and developing new techniques and machines for the emerging technology.

"We're very proud of the MPRI," said Klein. "It's the only proton radiation therapy center in the country not 100 percent dedicated to clinical procedures. Because of this, we're working hard to develop the

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next best thing in proton radiotherapy, and we will. We have the beam time, the researchers, the drive and the motivation to make it happen."

Article courtesy of IU News Room

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ISAT Hall Home IUCF graduate student, Brian Page, News receives Lindau Nobel Laureate Award

June 30, 2008

Brian Page, a graduate student at IUCF, has received a Lindau Nobel Laureate Award to attend the 58th Nobel Laureate Meeting in Lindau, Germany, from June 29 to July 4. First held in 1951, the Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings provide a globally recognized forum for the exchange of knowledge between Nobel Laureates and young researchers. Every year approximately 24 Nobel Laureates and more than 500 of the most outstanding graduate students from around the world gather in Germany for a week of lectures, discussions and networking.

The scientific field of research for the Laureate Week rotates every year, and this year the focus is on physics. Applications for the Lindau Laureate Awards are highly competitive, and screened by a committee in Germany which takes into account not only on the applicant’s research and achievements, but also an essay by each applicant detailing his or her aspirations and reasons for wanting to attend the meeting.

Brian is only the second Indiana University student to win this prestigious award in the past twenty years. At IUCF Brian is researching simulations validating methods for a new sub-detector proposed for installation in STAR at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) of the Brookhaven National Laboratory.

“It’s really great that Brian was chosen to attend the Lindau Nobel Laureates Meeting in Germany. This is a wonderful opportunity to take part in a unique event,” said Dr James Sowinski, Brian’s advisor at IUCF. “Brian has just finished his second year as a grad student with us. He has been working on our spin physics program at STAR. Within a few years we will be using the Endcap Electromagnetic Calorimeter we built here at IUCF to detect the high energy electrons from the decay of W bosons produced in the highest energy collisions at RHIC. This will give us very important information on the polarization of quarks and anti-quarks in the proton. Brian's job over the last two years has been to study in simulations how to dig the electrons out of the 1000 times greater flux of other particles using the special features we designed into the calorimeter. This work has been very successful and is currently being included in reports to the funding agencies in support of the program.”

The scholarships that will cover all meeting expenses for Brian, plus 56 other American attendees, are funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science, the National Science Foundation (NSF) Directorate for Mathematical and Physical Sciences, and Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU).

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ISAT Hall Home Raymond L. Orbach, DOE Under Secretary News for Science, to visit IUCF on April 24

April 22, 2008

Dr. Raymond Orbach, the Department of Energy’s Under Secretary for Science, will pay a two-day visit to Indiana University on April 24 and 25, and will tour IU Cyclotron and the Midwest Proton Radiotherapy Institute. IUCF’s Low Energy Neutron Source (LENS) program recently achieved a major milestone in reaching its target ultimate beam energy of 13MeV. LENS is the first university-based cold neutron source and is developing collaborative projects with the DOE-funded Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory.

Orbach also will tour IU's new state-of-the-art science facility, Simon Hall, as well as Swain Hall where many of the DOE projects take place. He will meet with faculty and students and attend presentations on recent developments in IU's Dr. Raymond science programs. IU will host a lunch for invited faculty, students and industry Orbach, the leaders during which Orbach will present brief remarks. Department of Energy’s Under "It is indeed an honor and a privilege to have Under Secretary Orbach visit our Secretary for institution," said IU President Michael A. McRobbie. "As a federal administrator Science. and a former university chancellor, Orbach is especially informed regarding the critical role that federal funding plays in the advancement of the scientific knowledge that drives our country's industry and economic engine, and the role that research universities in this country play in the production of scientific knowledge. We look forward to sharing some of Indiana University's recent scientific achievements with the Under Secretary and to learning more about his views on the future of energy-related research in the United States."

Nominated by President Bush, Orbach was sworn in by Secretary Samuel W. Bodman as the Department of Energy's first Under Secretary for Science on June 1, 2006. As Under Secretary for Science, Orbach serves as the secretary's advisor on science policy as well as on the scientific aspects of all DOE activities, from basic research to nuclear energy to the environmental clean-up of Cold War legacy sites to defense programs.

Orbach, who formerly served as Chancellor of the University of California at Riverside, is responsible for planning, coordinating and overseeing the Energy Department's research and development programs and its 17 national laboratories, as well as the department's scientific and engineering education activities. The DOE is the third largest federal sponsor of basic research in the United States, the primary supporter of the physical sciences in the nation, and of researchers at more than 300 colleges and universities nationwide, including Indiana University.

The DOE funds a number of major IU research programs and projects, including 10 projects under its Basic Energy Sciences and High Energy Physics program, four projects under its Advanced Scientific Computing Research program and one under its Biological and Environmental Research program. A full list of funded programs is online at http://www.science.doe.gov/SC_Funding/in/in- IU.Bloomington.htm.

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ISAT Hall Home LENS reaches target of 13MeV News March 31, 2008

The Low Energy Neutron Source at IUCF achieved its ultimate beam operating energy target in the early hours of Monday, March 31 when 13 MeV protons were successfully accelerated through the new Drift Tube Linac section. A 13 MeV beam was delivered at 23 mA peak current at 3 am on March 31 to TMR2 (the LENS target). The energy of the beam was verified using the bending magnets in the beam line. The LENS project has now demonstrated operation at its ultimate design energy – and achieved this on the target date of March 31.

The LENS program at IUCF was started in 2003 with a three-fold LENS klystron-powered proton mission: to conduct materials research with neutrons, develop new beam viewed on a fluorescent neutron instrumentation for both fundamental and applied research, screen. and to enhance education in the science and technology of neutrons at all levels. LENS produced its first cold neutron beam in April 2005, and its first klystron- powered beam in December 2006. The schedule for reaching LENS’ ultimate energy by March 31, 2008, was an aggressive one and it would not have happened without the hard work and dedication of the many people working on LENS. Several last minute mission snafus created an exciting climax to this effort, but the excellent technical staff at IUCF proved to be up to the challenge. On Friday March 28, almost simultaneously with passing the safety readiness review, Klystron 3 failed. After a herculean effort to identify and repair the klystron it finally came back into operation late Sunday evening and beam followed quickly in the early hours of Monday, March 31.

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ISAT Hall Home IUCF participates in Life Sciences Day at News Indiana State House

February 13, 2008

Indiana University scientists and leaders gathered to promote Indiana's life sciences research and support IU's 2008 legislative agenda at the Indiana State House on Wednesday, February 13, as part of the annual State House Visit and Life Sciences Day. IU President Michael A. McRobbie and IU Bloomington Provost and Executive Vice President Karen Hanson offered remarks during the event sponsored by Hoosiers for Higher Education (HHE). In the South Atrium of the Statehouse, IU faculty shared information and hands on demonstrations about their life sciences research. One area that was featured was the advancement of proton therapy technology at IUCF, presented by IUCF’s Interim Director, Jim 3-D model of IUCF. Musser. A 3-D model of IUCF, measuring 3 ft by 4 ft and showing the accelerator, beam lines and gantries, was carefully transported to Indianapolis by IUCF staff members Keith Coffey and Dave Townsend for the presentation.

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ISAT Hall Home News Archives News Arranged in Chronological Order March 10, 2010 :: Tracy M. Sonneborn Award and Provost Professors announced

January 11, 2010 :: New physics center, leadership announced for IU Integrated Science and Accelerator Technology Hall

November 06, 2009 :: Tours of IUCF featured in Physics Open House Day

September 16, 2009 :: The Nuclear Theory Center (NTC) has merged with IUCF

September 11, 2009 :: IU Announces Cooperation Agreement between LENS and Tsinghua University

August 31, 2009 :: Indiana Medical Physics Alliance (IMPA) Symposium held at IUCF

July 01, 2009 :: Professor Mike Snow wins Faculty Research Support Program award to study neutron spin rotation

June 15, 2009 :: Pathfinder Summer Program students tour IUCF

May 06, 2009 :: Star crust 10 billion times stronger than steel, IU physicist finds

May 04, 2009 :: SESAME measures first neutrons

May 01, 2009 :: Roger Pynn receives Gunnar Randers Prize

April 14, 2009 :: IU, Crane recognize partnership to complete $9 million LINAC project

View News Page: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

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ISAT Hall Home Neutron Radiography project awarded News $900,000 grant

February 5, 2008

Paul Sokol has received a $932,721 grant from the Defense Threat Reduction Agency to explore Advanced Neutron Radiography Concepts at IUCF. The two year grant will fund the development of advanced techniques for neutron radiography and tomography and will utilize the Neutron Radiation Effects Program (NREP) target of the Low Energy Neutron Source (LENS) source for development work. The two main thrusts of the Neutron Radiography project are the development of high brightness sources and the development and evaluation of imaging techniques providing both high spatial resolution as well as energy discrimination. This work will support two new postdoctoral fellows as well as technical and professional A graduate student prepares a staff at IUCF. dinosaur bone for a radiography study at the ICON beamline at Neutron radiography is an imaging technology which provides PSI. images similar to photon radiography. The differences between the neutron and photon interaction mechanisms are significantly different and offer complementary information. While photon attenuation in matter is directly dependent on atomic number, neutrons are efficiently attenuated by only a few specific elements. Materials with low atomic numbers, and particularly those containing high levels of hydrogen such as water and organic materials are clearly visible in neutron radiographs.

Neutron radiography, because of its elemental sensitivity, offers the prospect of elemental identification at the same time as visualization. For example, in the homeland security arean high explosives can be identified because of their elemental compositions. Fissile materials such as highly enriched uranium and plutonium interact strongly with neutrons through fission which releases copious quantities of neutrons that could register on a neutron radiograph in unique ways that indicate the presence of fissile material. In other areas this elemental sensitivity can provide unique views of objects. One novel application, shown in the figure, is the study of dinosaur bones. Neutron radiography studies of the interior of dinosaur bones offers a unique insight in the structure and build of these ancient creatures.

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ISAT Hall Home IUCF completes construction on third MPRI News treatment room

December 7, 2007

On December 7, 2007, the Indiana University Cyclotron Facility completed construction and operational testing of the third and final treatment room of the Midwest Proton Radiotherapy Institute (MPRI). This room is similar to the second treatment room at MPRI that opened for patient treatments last March; each is equipped with a 360 degree rotational gantry. The gantry is used to move the beam delivery apparatus around the patient, so that radiation can be delivered to the tumor from several directions. The combination of the gantry and robotic patient positioning couch allows MPRI to select complex combinations of beam angles in such a way as to increase the sparing of healthy tissue. Both of the gantry treatment The gantry at MPRI is used to rooms use an integrated control system under a single-user rotate the beam delivery interface. This software helps the radiation therapists eliminate set apparatus, so that protons can up errors and reduces the time needed to deliver treatments. The be administered to a patient’s rotating gantry Proton Therapy System (PTS) was designed, tumor from any selected angle. installed and tested by IUCF, and has been cleared for use by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Video of the gantry in motion: QuickTime - Download Player In addition to the two gantry-equipped, state-of-the-art treatment Windows Media - Download rooms at MPRI, a less complex system in the first treatment room Player that has been available since 2003 uses the same robotic patient Real - Download Player positioning system coupled with a fixed horizontal beam line. The robotic arm allows more flexibility in positioning the patient with respect to the radiation delivery apparatus than traditional couch designs used at other proton centers in the nation. This configuration is suitable for treating many of the patients that seek treatment at MPRI. The simpler design has certain technical advantages over the gantry rooms that can be optimized for complex treatment protocols.

"With the opening of this new treatment room and the help of additional physicians from Clarian Health Partners and the IU School of Medicine the institute expects to boost its patient treatment capacity, both in quantity and complexity," Dr. Alan Thornton, MPRI Medical Director explained.

More information about MPRI can be found at www.mpri.org.

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ISAT Hall Home LENS produces first 1kW proton beam News November 7, 2007

The Low Energy Neutron Source (LENS) program at IUCF reached an important milestone on October 16, 2007, when the LENS source delivered protons to the target at a power level of 1kW for the first time. LENS has been operating at relatively low power for the past three years to facilitate instrument development while the accelerator at the heart of the source has undergone several improvements. At the 1kW power level, initial experiments with the Small Angle Scattering Instrument now become feasible.

On 19 Oct. 2007, the 6 MeV Drift Tube Linac that will allow LENS The new 6 MeV Drift Tube to operate at a proton energy of 13MeV arrived at IUCF. The DTL Linac will increase the LENS was manufactured by ACCSYS, the company who also incident proton energy to manufactured the existing 7MeV linac that LENS has been using 13MeV. for the past three years. The two accelerators will be joined together over the month of November in preparation for initial running at 13MeV before the end of the year.

A klystron-powered proton beam was first produced by the LENS accelerator in December, 2006. Since that time, the LENS accelerator has been running with RF power produced by two klystrons, one powering each of the two sections of the 7MeV accelerator. On October 17, 2007, the LENS project took delivery of several components from Los Alamos National labs that will be used to install a third klystron amplifier. This third klystron will be needed to run the new DTL section.

Even at the lower power levels available over the last three years, the facility has already been used for investigations of neutron moderator design, neutron instrumentation development, and preliminary testing of neutron radiation effects in electronics. The increase in the available power of the source to 13MeV will now make neutron scattering experiments investigating the large-scale structure of various materials possible.

Click here to request information on using the LENS accelerator.

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ISAT Hall Home Prof. Romualdo deSouza receives Glenn T. News Seaborg Award

September 4, 2007

The American Chemical Society has announced that IUCF faculty member, Prof. Romualdo deSouza, is the 2008 recipient of the prestigious Glenn T. Seaborg Award sponsored by the Division of Nuclear Chemistry. Dr. deSouza holds his primary faculty position in the Indiana University Chemistry Department and holds an Adjunct Professorship in the IU Physics Department. He will be honored along with his fellow award recipients at the Awards Ceremony on Tuesday, April 8, 2008, in conjunction with the 235th ACS national meeting in New Orleans, Louisiana.

Prof. deSouza completed his Ph.D. at the University of Rochester in 1988 under the supervision of Prof. J.R. Huizenga. He subsequently conducted post-doctoral research under the supervision of Prof. C.K. Gelbke at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory as a Research Fellow at IUCF faculty member, Michigan State University. He joined the faculty at Indiana University, Prof. Romualdo Bloomington, and IUCF in 1991 as an assistant professor. Dr. deSouza has deSouza, Glenn T. also won several awards for teaching: the IU Teaching Excellence Seaborg Award Recognition Award - won three times, and the IU Distinguished Teaching recipient. Award (“President's Award”). He was the recipient of an Alfred P. Sloan Fellowship in 1994 and a College of Arts and Sciences Gill Fellow from 1997-2001.

Dr. deSouza’s area of specialization is the field of nuclear reaction dynamics. He investigates nuclear reactions between heavy nuclei, from incident energies just above the Coulomb barrier to several hundred MeV/nucleon. From such studies one can access how the finite, strongly-interacting quantum system of a nucleus behaves when subjected to extreme conditions of temperature, density, and shape. This area of research involves the study of non-equilibrium nuclear systems and the equilibration of such systems on an extremely fast timescale. Prof. deSouza has made major contributions to the topic of strongly damped nuclear reactions, ternary fission, and multi- fragmentation. He is a prolific instrument builder who has played a central role in developing some of the cutting-edge detector arrays in his field. He is known for developing some of the best detectors in his field and then bringing them to bear on the most relevant questions. The detectors he has built (Miniball, LASSA, and HiRA) have also had a significant impact on the research pursued by other groups and continue to enable new research directions.

The nuclear reactions studied by Prof. deSouza typically involve multiple reaction products from a single collision of two nuclei. Characterizing these collisions requires sophisticated detectors capable of resolving the identity of these particles, as well as measuring their energies and angles. Prof. deSouza has played a central role in the development of these highly segmented detector arrays together with the necessary associated electronics. These arrays allow determination of the excitation achieved in the nuclear collisions and how the excited system de-excites. At high excitation the highly excited nuclear system disintegrates rapidly into multiple charged fragments, a phenomenon termed multi-fragmentation. Work on multi-fragmentation during his postdoctoral years is widely recognized as some of the seminal work in this area. Among his many accomplishments since coming to Indiana,

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Prof. deSouza has demonstrated that although the fragmenting system is highly excited it does not decay instantaneously as was previously widely thought. Rather fragments are produced as the system expands and cools. Moreover, he showed that the energy associated with this radial expansion is observable by examining the mass dependence of the average kinetic energy of the emitted fragments. Complicating the investigation of multi-fragmentation is that the system de-excites very rapidly, on the timescale of ≈10-22 sec. The only means of probing the reaction on this short timescale is through the interactions between the particles themselves. Fleeting reaction intermediates provide key information on the conditions (temperature, density) under which these reactions occur. Prof. deSouza has played a pioneering role in the use of velocity correlations between the fragments to investigate reaction characteristics on these timescales.

Dr. deSouza was awarded the 2008 Glenn T. Seaborg Award for Nuclear Chemistry for his elucidation of the character of nuclear multi-fragmentation through the use of fragment-fragment velocity correlations and the development of state-of-the-art instrumentation enabling research in nuclear chemistry.

Dr. deSouza was one of two award recipients at Indiana University. Dr. Dorothy Gable was presented the ACS Award for Achievement in Research for the Teaching and Learning of Chemistry. These two awards placed Indiana University in a select group of universities winning multiple awards, including the University of Pennsylvania (2), UCLA (2), Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (2), California Institute of Technology (2), Harvard University (2) and the University of California at Berkeley (7 awards).

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ISAT Hall Home New IUCF Interim Director Appointed News July 23, 2007

The Office of the Vice-Provost for Research, Indiana University Bloomington has announced that Professor James Musser has accepted the position of Interim Director of IUCF and will serve in this capacity until a new permanent director is hired. Dr. Musser comes to IUCF with a distinguished academic career in high energy physics and astronomy, an exceptional national agency funding record and an extensive history of international collaboration. He was Chairman of the Physics Department from 2001 to 2007, stepping down at the end of June after serving two terms.

Dr. Musser has indicated that he has a long list of goals that he would like to accomplish as Interim Director. High on his list are smoothing the transition from a single use nuclear physics laboratory to a facility with a broader portfolio of activities, establishing exceptional research activities Professor James with secure funding, and expanding a multifaceted partnership with the Musser named new Midwest Proton Radiotherapy Institute (MPRI). “One thing that must not be Interim Director of lost in that transition, and that I will do everything that I can to help preserve IUCF. and nurture, is the feeling among staff and faculty that they are excited to come to work each day,” says Dr. Musser. “This has been central to the past successes of the IUCF and its past culture.”

Dr. Musser succeeds Prof. Steve Vigdor in the interim position at IUCF. Dr. Vigdor provided outstanding leadership during his tenure as Interim Director but has recently accepted the prestigious position of Associate Laboratory Director at Brookhaven National Laboratory, and so will be returning home to New York after 31 years of excellent service to the Physics Department, IUCF and Indiana University.

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ISAT Hall Home Prof. Hans-Otto Meyer receives Humboldt News Research Award

May 31, 2007

IUCF faculty member, Prof. Hans-Otto Meyer, has received a Humboldt Research Award in recognition of his lifetime academic achievements.

Prof. Meyer is currently involved in research towards the production of polarized anti-protons. These experiments are carried out in Jülich, Germany by the PAX (Polarized Anti-proton Experiments) collaboration at GSI.

Prof. Meyer completed his Ph.D. at the University of Basel, and held positions at U. Wisconsin, LANL, U. Washington, and U. Basel before joining the faculty of the Indiana University Physics Department as Associate Professor in 1978. He was appointed professor of Physics at IU in 1983, and retired from teaching in May 2007. His areas of research include physics with stored, cooled (polarized) beams interacting with IUCF faculty member, internal (polarized) targets, in particular pion production near threshold in Prof. Hans-Otto Meyer, few-nucleon systems, and nucleon-nucleon and three-nucleon scattering Humboldt Research and reactions with an emphasis on polarization phenomena. Prof. Meyer Award recipient has published more than 130 articles. Click here for a complete bibliography.

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ISAT Hall Home First Findings from MiniBooNE Experiment News Resolve Neutrino Oscillation Question

May 17, 2007

The first findings of the MiniBooNE experiment at Fermilab (in Batavia, IL) were announced on April 11, 2007. These results significantly clarify how neutrinos behave, and resolve questions raised by observations of the Liquid Scintillator Neutrino Detector (LSND). The latter experiment in the 1990s appeared to contradict findings of other neutrino experiments worldwide. In particular, the observations of the LSND experiment suggested the presence of a new type of “neutrino oscillation,” a phenomenon in which one type of neutrino transforms during its travels into another type and back again. The LSND result appeared to imply the existence of a fourth family of neutrinos, with very different properties from the three already identified.

The first MiniBooNE findings have now shown conclusively that the LSND results could not be due to simple neutrino oscillation. The experiment has not only resolved this long-standing Photo courtesy of Fermilab © question, but the findings also revealed some intriguing data at 2007 low energy that the collaboration will continue to analyze. For The top plot shows the raw more details, click here. number of electron neutrino The MiniBooNE experiment is an international collaboration of 77 events recorded by the physicists from 17 institutions in the United States and United MiniBooNE experiment (black Kingdom. IUCF’s Neutrino Group, led by Prof. Rex Tayloe, has dots). The bottom plot shows the been an integral part of the experiment since it began in 1998. number of excess events Other members of the IUCF group are Prof. Hans-Otto Meyer, observed after subtracting the post-doctoral Langer Fellow Chris Polly, and graduate students background. The solid curves in Chris Cox and Teppei Katori. the bottom plot show two examples (green and purple A neutrino (literally, "little neutral one") is a small particle that has curves) of predictions made for no charge and has very little mass. Enormous numbers of electron neutrino excess neutrinos exist throughout the universe – they are created in according to the two-neutrino nuclear reactors, in the thermonuclear reactions that fuel the sun oscillation interpretation of the and other stars, in supernovae explosions, and in the collisions LSND results. The MiniBooNE of subatomic particles in accelerators. The nature of the neutrino data rules out such two-neutrino is not fully understood because neutrinos interact very weakly oscillation predictions. and can be observed only rarely, despite their omnipresence. Currently, researchers have identified 3 types (or “flavors”) of neutrinos: electron, muon and tau. Understanding neutrino interactions and oscillations is important in determining the structure and evolution of the universe. For example, they might be connected to the dominance of matter over anti-matter in our universe.

MiniBooNE is funded by the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. National Science Foundation.

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ISAT Hall Home MPRI treats first patient using robotic News gantry system

March 28, 2007

A team of medical professionals at the Midwest Proton Radiotherapy Institute (MPRI) and Indiana University Cyclotron Facility (IUCF) have treated the first patient in the world using an industrial robotic patient positioning system with a rotating gantry.

The gantry is used to rotate the entire apparatus for beam delivery, so that protons aimed at the tumor can enter the patient’s body from multiple directions. The combination of the gantry and positioning system allows MPRI to utilize additional beam angles to treat spinal cord, head and neck, and brain tumor patients in such a way as to increase the sparing of healthy tissue.

The first patient underwent the treatment procedure for prostate cancer on March 21. Although the proton gantry system is only treating deep-seated tumors at this time, MPRI will be able to begin treating patients with tumors at shallower locations in the body in The gantry at MPRI is used to the next few months. rotate the beam delivery apparatus, so that protons can This rotating gantry Proton Therapy System (PTS) was designed, be administered to a patient’s installed and tested by IUCF from 2003 to 2006, and has been tumor from any selected angle. cleared by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Video of the gantry in motion: The novel PTS builds on IUCF’s experience with the first MPRI QuickTime - Download Player treatment room, which has treated more than 240 patients in the Windows Media - Download last three years. The system in the first treatment room uses the Player robotic patient positioning system coupled with a fixed horizontal Real - Download Player beam line. The robotic arm allows more flexibility in positioning the patient than traditional couch designs used in conventional X-ray therapy or other proton centers in the nation.

"Proton therapy has long been regarded as a preeminent form of delivery of irradiation for tumors, both benign and malignant. However, the traditional delivery methods have been laborious, allowing only a handful of patients per day to be treated with the 1mm exactitude, taking advantage of the significant savings from proton radiation to ‘normal’, non-targeted tissue," said MPRI Medical Director Allan Thornton, M.D.

Fundamental to the design of this new treatment delivery system is the electronic integration of full control of the system under a single-user interface. This software helps the radiation therapists check for errors and reduces the time needed to deliver the beam.

"With the opening of this new treatment room, and the help of additional physicians from Clarian Health Partners and the IU School of Medicine the institute expects to boost its patient treatment capacity, both in quantity and complexity," Thornton said.

"MPRI is a joint venture of Clarian and the IU Research and Technology Corporation and also works

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very closely with the School of Medicine," said Jim Buher, MPRI’s president and chief executive officer.

The proton beam delivered to MPRI by IUCF utilizes cyclotrons and other equipment that were previously used for a national program of basic research in nuclear forces.

Although many patients have been referred to MPRI from other physicians for the treatment of tumors and benign diseases best suited for proton therapy, many patients are self-referrals, having discovered the benefits of proton therapy at MPRI through the internet, presentations by MPRI physicians and friends.

More information about MPRI can be found at www.mpri.org.

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ISAT Hall Home Midwest Accelerator Physics Collaboration News Meeting comes to IUCF again in 2007

February 23, 2007

The Midwest Accelerator Physics (MAP) Collaboration Meeting will be held in Bloomington, Indiana on March 12, 2007. The MAP Collaboration Meeting met in Bloomington previously in 2002 and 2004, making IU its most frequent host. Featured topics at the meeting will include a presentation by the IU group in the Design of a Compact Photon Source, presentations by the Argonne National Laboratory in Studies Related to the IPNS RCS Instability, and Beam Dynamics in Photoinjectors. Groups from Fermilab will present several reviews including an Overview of Fermilab's Accelerator Physics Program. This year's event is associated with a workshop in electron cloud feedback that will take place on March The design of a compact 13 through March 15. For more information about this meeting, photon source will be based on contact S.Y. Lee or click here. the Cooler Injector Synchrotron at IUCF. Back to News Index

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ISAT Hall Home Eighty-seventh PhD awarded for research News at IUCF

January 20, 2007

On 12 January, 2007, Christopher Lavelle successfully defended his PhD dissertation on “Neutronic Performance of the Low Energy Neutron Source (LENS) Target-Moderator-Reflector (TMR) Assembly” at Indiana University Cyclotron Facility. Eighty-seven doctoral degrees have been completed at IUCF since its opening in 1977.

Chris was first introduced to IUCF as a participant in the NSF- funded Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) program in the summer of 1999, working under the direction of Vladimir Derenchuk. He was inspired by this experience to include IU in applying to graduate programs. He decided to return to IUCF in 2001 for his graduate studies, and during his first and second year participated in the CSB and D+D elastic scattering experiments on the Cooler Ring under Dr. Stephenson. He joined the LENS project in 2003, learning methods in the design of neutron sources and experimental techniques in the measurement of neutron source performance. IUCF’s newest doctoral graduate, Christopher Lavelle In a ceremony following the successful defense of his dissertation, (left) with advisor Dr. David Chris paid tribute to his advisor, Dr David Baxter, and also thanked Baxter. the LENS group of IUCF for their support. After a champagne toast, Chris then added a plaque bearing his name to the “Wall of Honor” in the Main Lounge, making his the eight-seventh plaque to be added to the display.

Two doctorates were previously awarded in the 2006-2007 academic year to Kun Chen and Yoichi Sato. Kun Chen’s dissertation was “A Study of Spectroscopic, Cold Neutron Radiography” and his advisor was Dr Hans Otto Meyer. Yoichi Sato’s thesis was on “Electron-Proton Dynamics for Long Proton Bunches in High Intensity Proton Rings,” advisor Dr S.Y. Lee. Click here for a complete list of doctoral theses at IUCF.

Many visitors to IUCF remark on the beautiful trees on the Yoichi Sato, Ph.D. 2006 (left) grounds, but very few know that and advisor Dr. S.Y. Lee there is a history behind each tree. From 1977 to the 1990s, in addition to adding a plaque to the wall, every new doctoral graduate also planted a tree as a living legacy and reminder of their years spent at IUCF. The tradition was discontinued in 1993 when available space in the grounds became limited.

Back to News Index Kun Chen, Ph.D. 2006

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ISAT Hall Home IUCF receives FDA clearance for the News Proton Therapy System

January 3, 2007

The Indiana University Cyclotron Facility (IUCF) received its Christmas present a week early when the FDA cleared the IUCF Proton Therapy System for use in treating solid tumors and other diseases susceptible to radiation. This clearance applies to the second treatment system developed by IUCF for the Midwest Proton Radiotherapy Institute (MPRI), and is in response to a 510(k) notification of “intent to market” that IUCF submitted to the FDA in September. Before granting clearance, the FDA makes a judgment as to whether a medical device has substantially equivalent performance as compared to similar existing medical products. IUCF is the fourth proton therapy system manufacturer to receive FDA clearance in the US.

“Clearance by the US Food and Drug Administration is a major milestone for the efforts to construct a world-class Proton Therapy System at IU” notes IUCF Director Paul Sokol. “The design and construction of the gantry-based treatment system has been a major focus at IUCF for the past few years and has involved over a hundred staff members. FDA clearance of this system for the treatment of patients is a major accomplishment of which the IUCF staff is quite proud. Furthermore, clearance was received only 90 days after submission – roughly half the time that FDA has taken to evaluate other systems. This speedy clearance is a real testament to the people who have designed and built the IUCF system.”

Treatment System 2 (shown right) differs The IUCF construction from the first Treatment System, which group assembles the has been in use at MPRI since April Gantry for Treatment 2004, in that it can deliver the radiation System 2. dose from any angle around the patient. The capacity to change the radiation delivery angle is provided by the gantry which was purchased from by Ion Beam Applications (IBA) of Belgium. This structure rotates the proton beam “nozzle” 360 degrees around the treatment target.

The design of Treatment System 2 builds on IUCF’s experience Treatment System 2 Gantry with Treatment Room 1 but incorporates more advanced with patient positioner in the technology. It continues to use the robotic patient positioner that foreground. was developed for Treament Room 1, allowing more flexibility in positioning the patient than a traditional couch design. It integrates the full control of the system under a single user interface and incorporates bar code technology to minimize errors in obtaining patient information. Furthermore, it incorporates active beam spreading which is the current state-of-the-art in the United States. Completion of Treatment System 2 also required significant enhancements of the IUCF cyclotrons, which were first put into operation in 1975.

Treatment System 2 will begin treating patients early in 2007. The first treatment room at MPRI continues to treat patients under an existing Investigational Device Exemption (IDE) from the FDA.

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The third treatment system, which is currently under construction, will be identical to the FDA-cleared Treatment System 2.

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ISAT Hall Home LENS produces first klystron-powered News proton beam

By David Baxter December 21, 2006

A klystron-powered proton beam was produced by IUCF’s Low Energy Neutron Source (LENS) accelerator for the first time on December 20, 2006. For the last two years, since December 2004, the LENS source has been producing neutrons using an accelerator employing a vacuum tube RF power system. This system was able to deliver less than 750kW of power to the accelerator. With the original RF system, the LENS source was limited to beams of less than 250W. The successful commissioning of the klyston RF power systems, involving two 1MW klystron amplifiers, is the first step in an upgrade that will raise the power of the source over the next several months to 2kW. Future upgrades to the accelerator and conventional AC power systems of the facility will eventually raise the beam power to 20kW or more. In addition to this, the klystron installation has reduced the rise-time for the proton beam to less than 3 micro-seconds, which is an important feature for some of the technical studies to be conducted at the facility.

LENS is a neutron scattering facility with a three-fold mission: to conduct materials research with neutrons, develop new neutron instrumentation for both fundamental and applied research, and to enhance education in the science and technology of neutrons at all levels. Even at the low power levels available over the last two years, the facility has already been used for investigations of neutron moderator design, neutron instrumentation development, and preliminary testing of neutron radiation effects in electronics. The increase in the available power of the source afforded by the klystrons, along with the installation of a new target station and updated Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) instrument LENS first klystron-powered (scheduled to be completed this spring), will allow neutron proton beam viewed on a scattering experiments investigating the large-scale structure of fluorescent screen. various materials to commence.

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ISAT Hall Home IUCF Moves High Energy Physics in a New News Direction

October 25, 2006

The IUCF construction group recently sent four steel rings, each weighing up to 50 tons – the equivalent of a Boeing DC-9 - on their way from Bloomington, IN to Newport News, VA. The 100-foot long trucks, one for each ring, arrived at the Indiana University Memorial Stadium parking lot on October 24, 2006. Jeff Self and Kyle Blackwell headed up the the construction group that refurbished the rings as well as other components that were obtained from the MEGA /LASS Superconducting Solenoid at Los Alamos. The rings are now destined to be used in the GlueX superconducting magnet at Jefferson Laboratory. The smallest of four huge steel The GlueX project is a collaboration of more than 100 researchers rings is secured in preparation from 24 institutions in the US, Russia, Australia, Canada, Poland, for the trip to Jefferson and Scotland. The IU physicists of the GlueX experimental team Laboratory as the crane turns are headed by Alex Dzierba and Adam Szcepaniac, with its attention the next. computational support from Geoffrey Fox. The international team of physicists will analyze the data collected from GlueX using a theory called QCD, or quantum chromodynamics, in an effort to understand what holds the atomic nucleus together. Alex describes the purpose of the experiment as “looking for a so-called “new kind of matter” called exotic mesons.” The completed project will cost more than $100 million with most of the funds coming from the National Science Foundation.

The technical staff at IUCF often supports international science by constructing or rehabilitating devices intended for use in research experiments outside of Indiana. Because of the expertise accumulated at IUCF over the last 30 years, including projects such as building radiation machines and detectors, IUCF has enjoyed a close relationship with the Physics Department at IU. IUCF seemed the obvious choice for refurbishing and refitting the superconducting magnet. Work on the 250 ton magnet, including the rings just loaded onto trucks, took over two years to complete.

For more information, a Quick Time or Windows Media Player format movie of magnet loading, visit http://www.gluex.org/.

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ISAT Hall Home Annual IUCF/MPRI Open House Tours News attract more than 100 visitors

October 9, 2006

On Saturday, October 7, more than 100 science enthusiasts of all ages toured IUCF and the Midwest Proton Radiotherapy Institute (MPRI) as part of the activities offered in the annual “Open House,” organized by Indiana University’s Physics and Astronomy Departments.

Dr. Scott Wissink welcomed each tour group and gave a brief presentation on the current research programs at IUCF. The tour groups, led by IUCF staff volunteers, then visited the Main Control Room with its impressive bank of computers, the Low Energy Neutron Source (LENS) area and the Radiation Effects Research Dr Scott Wissink giving an Program (RERP) rooms. The groups were also able to spend time overview of IUCF research in the Main Stage Accelerator vault and the treatment rooms in programs to Open House tour MPRI—a rare opportunity as the accelerator vault is only groups. accessible twice a month when the accelerator is shut down briefly for scheduled maintenance.

New areas on this year’s tour were the LENS Chemistry Lab, and MPRI’s Treatment Room 2. Treatment Room 2 features a massive gantry that can rotate 360o around a patient to deliver proton radiotherapy with pin-point precision from any angle.

Pre-arranged tours of IUCF are available for individuals and groups. Contact IUCF at 812 855 9365 for details.

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ISAT Hall Home Signing Ceremony held for 510(k) FDA News document submission for Proton Therapy Treatment System

By Moira Wedekind September 1, 2006

IUCF celebrates the signing of the 510(k) submission to the FDA for Treatment System 2. This milestone is the culmination of three years of design, construction and testing of the first of two gantry-based proton therapy rooms to be brought into operation at the Midwest Proton Radiotherapy Institute (MPRI). Michael McRobbie, Interim Provost of Indiana University, offered thanks and congratulations to the staff on reaching this major milestone. IUCF Director Paul Sokol formally signed the submission. The 510(k) submission will be reviewed by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and once approved, will pave the way for commercial use of the second proton therapy treatment room at MPRI.

Treatment System 2 (shown left) differs from the first Treatment System, which has been in use at MPRI since April Paul Sokol. Director of 2004, in that it can deliver the radiation IUCF, signing the dose from any angle around the patient. 510(k) document The gantry, purchased from by Ion Beam submission. Applications (IBA) of Belgium, is the structure that rotates the proton beam “nozzle” 360 degrees around the treatment target.

Treatment Room 2 showing For more information on proton therapy projects at IUCF click here. patient positioning robot (foreground) and Gantry. Back to News Index

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ISAT Hall Home IUCF LENS group featured at ACNS2006 News Conference

By Roger Pynn June 28, 2006

Almost 400 participants attended the recent American Conference on Neutron Scattering (ACNS2006) that was organized by the Neutron Scattering Society of America (NSSA) in St. Charles, Illinois, between July 18 and July 22. Indiana University, which contributed to the sponsorship of the conference through IUCF, was well represented. Dobrin Bossev, Dave Baxter, Mark Leuschner, Helmut Kaiser and Mike Snow all gave scientific talks at the meeting. In addition, there were 5 posters describing work at the IUCF. Roger Pynn, the current President of the NSSA, gave a presentation about the status and plans for the North American (including Canada) neutron sources and contributed to organizing the meeting. The conference occurred at a singular time for neutron scattering research in the United States: construction of the Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory was officially completed about one month ago and now begins its commissioning phase; and the American Competitiveness Initiative promises increased funding for the field as a whole. The next ACNS is planned for May 2008 in Roger Pynn of IUCF Santa Fe, New Mexico. (President of NSSA) presenting a talk at the Back to News Index ACNS2006 Conference.

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ISAT Hall Home IUCF hosts Eighth International Quasi- News elastic Neutron Scattering Conference (QENS2006)

June 20, 2006

The Eighth International Quasi-elastic Neutron Scattering Conference (QENS2006) was held at the Bloomington Convention Center from June 14 to 17, 2006. Organized by the LENS group at IUCF, this is the first time that a QENS conference has been held in the United States. Previous conferences have been held in Windsor (1992), San Sebastian (1993), Parma (1995), Nyköping (1998), Edinburgh (2000), Potsdam-Berlin (2002) and Arcachon (2004).

Twenty-seven speakers from the United States, UK, France, Germany, Japan and Russia presented their latest research in far-reaching aspects of quasi elastic neutron scattering, including biological membranes, molecular dynamics, confined water, soft matter and instrumentation. Plenary Speaker Dan Neumann from the National Institute of Standards and Technology opened the conference with an overview of the latest developments in the field entitled “QENS: Recent Trends and Future Opportunities.” Jörg Pieper of Technische Universität Berlin and Eugene Stanley of Boston University were the Keynote Speakers. Jörg Pieper explored “Time-resolved QENS Studies of Light- induced Protein Dynamics” and Eugene Stanley gave an QENS2006 participants in the IU enlightening presentation on the “Relation between the Auditorium Hall of Murals at the Widom Line and the Fragility Transition in Bulk Water and in Conference Dinner Protein Hydration Water.” The program details are available at http://www.iucf.indiana.edu/events/qens2006/program.php .

The complete conference proceedings will be published by the Material Research Society and will be available by the end of the year.

The conference also included a poster session, and a well-received “Career Session” where six representatives of major neutron facilities met with undergraduate and graduate students and post doctoral researchers in a mentoring session to discuss directions and opportunities in the field and provide practical advice on career development.

The conference was funded by Indiana University Cyclotron Facility, Indiana University and the National Science Foundation. Additional sponsorship was provided by the Bloomington Convention & Visitors Bureau, Varian, Inc., Blake Industries, Inc. and International Cryogenics, Inc.

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ISAT Hall Home IUCF team celebrates successful test of the News Liquid Parahydrogen Target for the NPDGamma Experiment at Los Alamos National Laboratory

By Mike Snow April 17, 2006

The NPDGamma experiment proposes to measure for the first time the weak interaction between the neutron and the proton. The experiment, which searches for a several ppb asymmetry in the gammas from polarized cold neutron capture in a liquid parahydrogen target, makes essential use of a large (~16 liter) liquid parahydrogen target that was designed and constructed at IUCF. On Friday, March 17, 2006, approximately two and a half years after the delivery of the target to Los Alamos National Laboratory and after some improvements in cooling capability and system safety, the collaboration received approval from Los Alamos to test the liquid hydrogen target for the first time. By Sunday Mike Snow and Hermann Nann morning the target was full and operating as expected. (standing) and Americo Salas Bacci (Los Alamos postdoc, The test required the construction of two large gas relief and vent kneeling) during the first systems for the liquid hydrogen: one in the external building where condensation of liquid hydrogen the tests were conducted (see pictures) and another inside the into the 16-liter target for the experimental area. One of the main concerns with such a cryogenic NPDGamma experiment at the target is safety: hydrogen can ignite in the presence of oxygen with LANSCE neutron source at Los a small spark, and the operation of the target close to an intense Alamos. The goal of the neutron source places high reliability standards on target operation. experiment is to see the weak The system is designed to vent hydrogen safely to the atmosphere interaction between the neutron under various scenarios. The test showed that the gas relief and and the proton. Initial design vent system is capable of doing this. The target is now being and construction of the target moved to the experimental cave for a data run starting in May was conducted at IUCF, and 2006. It is expected that the experiment will be moved to the later modifications and addition Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory to of extensive safety systems achieve the final accuracy goal. and test facilities was performed at Los Alamos. This The design and construction of first test was conducted in a this target has involved a large small shed far from the neutron number of people at IUCF over a source and beamline. The long period of time, including target is now installed at the Physics Department professors experimental location. Mike Snow and Hermann Nann (physics design, safety documentation and supporting calculations), Bill Lozowski (overall design/testing), Walt Fox (mechanical design), John Vanderwerp (gas handling system construction), Jim Graham (SLC control system design), Mark Leuschner (Monte Carlo The main portion of the gas

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calculations), former graduate students Mike Gericke (now at JLab) handling system and the upper and Chris Blessinger (now at ORNL) and current graduate student portion of the cryostat and relief Jiawei Mei, former postdoc Satyaranjan Santra (now at Bhabha chambers for the hydrogen Atomic Research Center in Mumbai, India), current hourly Mike volume are visible. The relief Dawkins, and former student hourly Vivek Jeevan. IUCF retains chambers are connected to a responsibility for target operation during the experiment and for hydrogen vent stack which safety documentation. conducts hydrogen outside the shed. The remainder of the Back to News Index cryostat and target are mainly hidden behind the plastic sheet which was later closed to form a tent around the hydrogen system for safety.

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ISAT Hall Home IUCF faculty member Roger Pynn elected News President of the Neutron Scattering Society of America.

April 4, 2006

Roger Pynn, who joined IUCF in August 2005, has been elected President of the Neutron Scattering Society of America (NSSA), an organization with about 1300 members that was formed in 1992 to represent the interests of those engaged in neutron scattering research across a wide spectrum of scientific disciplines (see http://www.neutronscattering.org/index.html)

Roger has seen neutron scattering from most of the perspectives represented among NSSA members: as an instrument responsible scientist at a major user facility; as a user of just about every type of neutron scattering instrument and of a fair fraction of the world’s IUCF faculty member Roger neutron facilities; as a scientist who has worked in areas from Pynn elected President of the hardcore condensed matter physics to the edges of biology; as a Neutron Scattering Society of designer and builder of neutron scattering spectrometers at steady- America. state and pulsed sources; as the manager of a national user facility; as a member of various panels and review committees on three continents; and as a teacher of neutron scattering (see www.mrl.ucsb.edu/~pynn).

Roger Pynn's current research interests include the development of a new technique (dubbed SESAME or Spin Echo Scattering Angle Measurement) for probing structural correlations over length scales between a few 10's of nm to more than 1 micron, and the use of this and other neutron scattering methods to probe structure in soft matter. He holds a joint position with Indiana University and the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory.

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ISAT Hall Home LENS facility runs for approximately one News week

By Mark Leuschner March 1, 2006

The LENS facility ran for approximately one week at the end of March. The methane moderator ran without problems at a temperature of 3.6 Kelvin. Several foils were activated to study the flux from the moderator. The first measurement of the emission time spectrum was made at an energy of 2.7 meV. A preliminary effort was made to run a composite argon-methane moderator. To conclude the run, the passive safety features of the moderator gas handling system were (successfully) demonstrated when power to the facility was lost overnight due to a storm.

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ISAT Hall Home IUCF awarded $4.2 million in Federal News funding

January 5, 2006

Three major projects at IUCF will receive a total of $4.2 million in Federal funding in 2006. The Department of Defense Appropriations Act for Fiscal Year 2006 included funding for the completion of IUCF’s Combined Environment Radiation Effects Simulator, and $1 million for a new Advanced High Brilliance Radiography Facility. Congressman Mike Sodrel of Indiana was instrumental in including these IUCF initiatives in the bill.

The Combined Environment Radiation Effects program at IUCF is conducting research in collaboration with Crane Naval Surface Warfare Center to examine the effects of radiation on materials and IUCF’s new Solar Proton electronic systems. The funding will support the completion of the Radiobiology Institute will initial phase of the facility, which will begin operations later this research the impact of low- year. gravity (Low Z radiation) on the radiation biology of space The Advanced High Brilliance Radiography Facility is an initiative of travelers. The image above the Low Energy Neutron Source (LENS) at IUCF, and the funding illustrates “deep space,” where will support their work in neutron scattering, and its applications in High Z radiation—cosmic rays materials screening systems. —is consistently present, and will impact future missions to In a separate bill, $1.4 million was included in this year’s NASA Mars and beyond. funding bill for a Solar Proton Radiobiology Institute at IUCF. One Photo ©NASA of the challenges facing NASA as it pursues its new vision for human space exploration is the effect of cosmic rays and solar flares on space explorers. IUCF has the capability to reproduce the flux and time structure of these events with high fidelity and provides an ideal test bed for studying the effects of solar flares on the radiation biology of space explorers. NASA has utilized IUCF’s unique proton beam irradiation capability for many years in its ongoing program of testing electronics for the space station and the shuttle. IUCF, in collaboration with the IU medical school, which has outstanding programs in immunology and hematology, is one of the few locations in the United States with all the necessary capabilities to attack this important issue.

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ISAT Hall Home Matias L. Ochoada Scholarship News Endowment Fund Established

December 15, 2005

IUCF has announced the establishment of the Matias L. Ochoada Scholarship Endowment Fund. Matias (“Matt”) L. Ochoada (1949- 2005) joined IUCF in 2001 as Quality Assurance Manager, and played a vital role in the construction and completion of Treatment Rooms 1 and 2 for the Midwest Proton Radiotherapy Clinic.

Matt’s family and friends gathered at IUCF on October 15, 2005, to remember this quiet-spoken but remarkable man. Matt’s enthusiasm and passion for quality assurance was honored by his colleagues at IUCF and also the American Society for Quality (ASQ), Hoosier Hills-Bloomington affiliation. MPRI’s Treatment Matias “Matt” L. Ochoada, Room 2 has been dedicated to Matt in recognition of his dedication 1949-2005 and commitment to the project.

Honoring the wishes and generous support of Margaret M. Ochoada and family, IUCF has assisted in establishing the Matias L. Ochoada Scholarship Endowment Fund through the Indiana University Foundation. This fund will recognize Matt’s deep commitment to education by awarding an annual scholarship of $500 or more to a student at Indiana University with demonstrated academic excellence enrolled in the College of Arts and Sciences. In selecting recipients, preference will be given to a candidate of Filipino descent.

As an endowment, this fund will extend into perpetuity, enabling opportunities for higher education for future generations. Support for this fund will provide a lasting tribute to Matt and his valued contributions at IUCF.

For more information about the Matias L. Ochoada Scholarship or to contribute to the Endowment Fund contact Barbara Black-Kurdziolek at [email protected].

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ISAT Hall Home Boy Scouts from Troop #131 tour IUCF News November 11, 2005

Members of Boy Scout Troop #131 from Carmel, Indiana, spent 3½ hours at IUCF on Saturday, November 5, 2005. Five of the scouts are preparing to earn their Merit Badges in Nuclear Science.

Accompanied by Assistant Scout Masters John Krall and Linda Sullivan, the scouts listened to presentations by IUCF staff members. Vladimir Derenchuk (Accelerator Technologies Division Head) spoke about ionizing radiation, and the differences between accelerators and nuclear reactors. Ed Stephenson (Associate Director) explained the history of IUCF and described our scientific Members of Boy Scout Troop activities. Andrew Edwards (IUCF’s Radiation Safety Officer) set up #131 from Carmel, Indiana, and led some basic radiation physics experiments and watch a demonstration on demonstrations. Using radioactive sources and radiation monitors, radiation levels by IUCF’s he demonstrated the ALARA principle (keeping ones dose “As Low Vladimir Derenchuk (right) As Reasonably Achievable”) by showing how distance and shielding lower the dose rate of a source. Two types of sources were used emitting β’s or electrons and γ’s or high energy photons.

The scouts then toured the facility to see the main stage accelerator, beam line and Low Energy Neutron Source area before returning to Carmel.

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ISAT Hall Home IUCF Director Emeritus, Dr. John Cameron, News receives Distinguished Faculty Award

October 24, 2005

Indiana University’s College of Arts and Sciences presented its prestigious Distinguished Faculty Award to Dr. John Cameron, Director Emeritus of IUCF, at its Annual Recognition Banquet on October 21 in the Indiana Memorial Union.

Dr. John Cameron was Director of IUCF from 1987 to 2004 and was instrumental in broadening the mission of IUCF from pure research to exploring innovative medical, technological and commercial applications in nuclear science. Under his leadership IUCF was noted for its pioneering research in the IUCF Director Emeritus, Dr. John 1980s and 1990s, celebrating the first observation in the Cameron, receives Distinguished world of stable horizontal polarization in a storage ring using Faculty Award. the Siberian snake (May 1989), and the first experiments producing reaction particles from an internal target using a cooled beam in the world (October 1989). During this time IUCF was a world leader in the use of polarized light ion beams for intermediate energy nuclear physics experiments and reported two new results for the observation of charge symmetry breaking in nuclear physics. In 1998, IUCF also began studies on the medical application of proton therapy for Age Related Macular Degeneration, and when the NSF terminated funding for the cyclotron in the same year, Dr Cameron led the initiative to acquire funding to build the Midwest Proton Radiotherapy Institute. Embedded in IUCF and using the proton beam generated by IUCF’s mainstage accelerator, the Midwest Proton Radiotherapy Institute began treating cancer patients in 2004.

John Cameron was born in Ireland, and earned his bachelor’s degree in physics from Queen’s University in Belfast. He moved to the United States in 1963 and earned his master’s degree and doctorate from the University of California in Los Angeles. He has held teaching positions at the University of California, the University of Washington, and the University of Alberta. He has conducted research for the University de Paris-Sud, (France), TRIUMF (Vancouver), the Laboratoire National Saturne (France) and other major institutions. He was Director of the Nuclear Research Centre at the University of Alberta from 1985 to 1987, and was appointed Director of IUCF and Professor of Physics in 1987. He held the position until August 2004, and retired from Indiana University in June 2005. He is currently president of PartTec, Ltd. and ProCure, two Bloomington-based companies seeking to explore markets for proton therapy worldwide.

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ISAT Hall Home Gallagher the Comedian visits IUCF News October 14, 2005

The well-known comedian Gallagher, visited IUCF on Saturday October 1, and was given a personal tour of the facility by IUCF’s Director Paul Sokol.

Known just as “Gallagher”, the comedian rose to fame in the 1980s and is renowned for his on-stage wit as well as for the signature finale of his shows. Audiences in the front rows at his performances (if forewarned) arrive in raincoats, while plastic sheeting is provided for the first-timers at the show, as Gallagher brings out his Sledge-O- Matic (a large wooden mallet) and starts to smash anything from watermelons to cottage cheese, to toothpaste, and even computer keyboards. But penchant for smashing watermelons aside, Gallagher is also a self-professed science buff, and so it follows that he was eager to visit IUCF to see how the facility smashes atoms (versus watermelons). After the tour, Gallagher invited several IUCF staff to his show that evening. IUCF’s newest operator? Well-known comedian Back to News Index Gallagher visits IUCF.

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ISAT Hall Home Tours of IUCF popular feature of IU News Physics Department’s Annual Open House

October 4, 2005

More than 80 science enthusiasts toured IUCF on Saturday October 1 as part of the Indiana University Physics Department “Open House.” Each year, Indiana University’s Physics and Astronomy Departments organize an “Open House,” with hands-on exhibits and contests designed to intrigue all ages. The main focus of this year’s Open House was a tribute to Albert Einstein on the 100th anniversary of his four major publications that revolutionized our understanding of the laws of physics. In tribute to Einstein, the United Nations has endorsed 2005 as the World Year of Physics.

This year the Open House also featured tours of IUCF. Dr. Scott Dr. Scott Wissink of IUCF Wissink welcomed each tour group and gave a brief presentation talking to Open House tour on the research programs at IUCF. The tour groups, led by IUCF groups. staff volunteers, started at the main computer control room, then visited the 1 million pound magnets that form the main stage accelerator. The new Low Energy Neutron Source project was next on the tour route, followed by the Radiation Effects Research Program (RERP) area. IUCF’s proton beams can simulate the effect of years of exposure to the environment in space, and are regularly used to test electronic components for NASA and other commercial users. The tours ended at the impressive gantries that IUCF is constructing for use in cancer treatments by the Midwest Proton Radiotherapy Institute (MPRI).

Pre-arranged tours of IUCF are available for individuals and groups. Contact us at 812 855 9365 for details.

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ISAT Hall Home IUCF welcomes three new faculty members News September 15, 2005

Roger Pynn obtained his doctorate degree from Cambridge University in England in 1969 for experimental and theoretical work on the phonon spectra of hexagonal simple metals. Since that time, he has scattered neutrons in Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Russia, Japan, France, Germany and the United States. He has worked in a variety of fields including structural phase transitions, low dimensional magnets, soft condensed matter and biology. He came to the US (for the second time) in 1987 as Director of what has since become the Manual Lujan Jr. Neutron Scattering Center at Los Alamos National Laboratory. After a 13-year management career at Los Alamos, which included periods as the (L to R) Josh Long, Chen-Yu Liu, and Roger Laboratory's Program Manager for Basic Energy Pynn IUCF's newest faculty members. Sciences and as Division Director of the Los Alamos Neutron Science Division, he returned to research in 2001. Since that time, he has developed programs in the design of novel neutron instrumentation and in the biophysical research using neutron scattering. He will continue working in these areas at IUCF and is eager to explore the potential of a university based neutron source which he believes can make unique contributions to scientific research, education and the development of new neutron scattering techniques.

Chen-Yu Liu recently joined the nuclear physics group at IUCF. She will be developing an intense Ultracold Neutron source based on anti- ferromagnetic solid oxygen. The research on the Ultracold Neutron source will be conducted using the LENS source at IUCF. She is also working on another low temperature experiment, using garnets to search for the electric dipole moment (EDM) of the electron. High precision measurements of this kind allow us to search for the evidence of Time Reversal Symmetry Breaking. Chen-Yu was originally from Taiwan. She received her Ph.D. from Princeton University at 2002, and then worked at Los Alamos National Laboratory for three years as the Director's funded Postdoctoral Fellow.

Josh Long's areas of research include experimental tests of fundamental physics with neutrons and tests of gravity at length scales below one millimeter. He received his Ph.D. in physics from Johns Hopkins University in 1997 on a search for neutrino oscillations with the NOMAD experiment at CERN. This was followed by five years of postdoctoral work at the University of Colorado where he developed an experiment to search for new gravitational-strength forces in the 100-micron range. For the past three years, Dr. Long has been a staff scientist at Los Alamos concentrating on a new measurement of the neutron electric dipole moment (EDM). At IUCF, Dr. Long plans to continue his work with both the EDM and short-range gravity experiments while getting involved in additional fundamental neutron measurements.

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ISAT Hall Home IUCF hosts international workshop on News Probing Complex Fluid Membranes and Films with Neutron Spin-echo

September 14, 2005

IUCF hosted an international workshop from August 14 through 17 on “Probing Complex Fluid Membranes and Films with Neutron Spin-echo.” Forty-seven researchers from Europe, Australia and the United States met at Indiana University’s Memorial Union to share their ground-breaking research in this field. Support for seven young scientists to attend the workshop was generously provided by the Neutron Scattering Society of America. (R to L) Gian Felcher(Argonne National Lab), Jeroen Plomp (Delft The workshop began with an informal reception and tour of University of Technology), Hanna Indiana University Cyclotron Facility on Sunday August 14. Wacklin (Oxford University) and On Monday August 15, the workshop officially began with Huey Wen Huang (Rice University) Opening Remarks from Paul Sokol, Director of Indiana took part in the recent Neutron University Cyclotron Facility, and Michael McRobbie, Vice Membrane Workshop hosted by President for Research and Information Technology at IUCF. Indiana University.

The workshop was prompted by new developments marrying small angle scattering techniques with spin-echo methods that are expected to open up new areas of study for complex fluid membranes and films. Based on neutron spin echo encoding of the scattering vector, the technique broadens considerably the range of measurements feasible on near-surface and interface structures. Gian Felcher, Chair of the Organizing Committee, skillfully arranged presentations and topics in three broad categories. Day 1 dealt with “The Issues,” Day 2 with “Scattering Experiments” and the final day with “The Spin-Echo Approach.” Most of the ten sessions included a contributed talk after the main presentation, and ended with a moderated discussion period which provided ample time for an exchange of ideas and experiences. Tom Witten brought the workshop to a close with an insightful summary of the proceedings. Full program details and presentations are available at: http://www.iucf.indiana.edu/events/neutronmembrane/program.php.

The workshop was funded by the Department of Energy, Indiana University Cyclotron Facility, and Argonne National Laboratory. The members of the organizing committee were Gian Felcher (Argonne National Lab), Roger Pynn, Paul Sokol and Mike Snow (all of Indiana University Cyclotron Facility).

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ISAT Hall Home IUCF hosts international workshop on News Probing Complex Fluid Membranes and Films with Neutron Spin-echo

July 28, 2005

IUCF will host an international workshop from August 14 through 17 on Probing Complex Fluid Membranes and Films with Neutron Spin- echo. Forty-six researchers from Europe, Australia and the United States will meet at Indiana University’s Memorial Union to share their ground-breaking research in this field.

The broad scope for the meeting will cover the structure and behavior of membranes and other thin macromolecular films and the impact of spin-echo techniques on this field. Gian Felcher of Argonne National Laboratory, Chair of the Organizing Committee, explains that “[this] Probing Complex Fluid new development of neutron scattering broadens considerably the Membranes and Films with range of measurements of in-plane structures in thin films. As with Neutron Spin-echo normal reflectometry, grazing incidence is used to enhance the workshop. sensitivity of the neutrons to surface structure. In that geometry small angle scattering perpendicular to the neutron reflection plane is used to interrogate in-plane structure of the thin film or membrane. The in-plane length scales accessed run from a few 10's of nanometers up to about one micron. The development consists in decoupling─using the neutron spin-echo method─the measurement of neutron scattering angles from the need to collimate the incident and scattered neutron beams, which conventionally is accomplished at the cost of neutron intensity. The development of the new technique is progressing well and we expect to be able to start using it in 2005. It is now time to think seriously about the interesting problems that can be addressed by the new methods and to use science as a driver for future technique developments. This is the purpose of our planned workshop.”

The workshop is funded by the Department of Energy and Indiana University, with additional funding from Argonne National Laboratory. Click here for more details about the workshop.

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ISAT Hall Home Work of former IUCF Professor Larry News Langer on the Manhattan Project profiled

July 27, 2005

Former IU Professor of Physics Larry Langer joined Indiana University in 1938 and soon became involved in the construction of IU’s first cyclotron in Swain Hall. The research and development done on this early cyclotron in the Physics Department led to the construction of the first injector cyclotron and then the much larger main stage cyclotron at the new Indiana University Cyclotron Facility in the 1970’s. Meanwhile Langer continued to conduct research on radionuclei that could be produced by neutrons from Ra-Be mixtures. His colleague Emil Konopinski later noted that “[these] new experiments were among the first anywhere that made use of beta-gamma coincidences to help unravel the level schemes of radioactive products. The results were published in three papers that helped establish Indiana at the forefront of beta-gamma spectroscopy.”

In 1941 Langer was called on by the federal government to work for the war effort. He worked on several projects including what came to be known as the Manhattan Project which led ultimately to the development of the nuclear bomb Lawrence Langer (right) and Dan dropped on Hiroshima sixty years ago. Read more about his Miller discuss IUCF building scale experiences in the article “Sleeping on the Bomb.” model during building planning After the war, Langer returned to Indiana University and stages in early 1969. devoted himself to fundamental research in nuclear physics. He was a dedicated and inspired teacher. He pioneered research on beta decay and neutrino mass measurements, and published over 120 papers before his retirement in 1979.

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ISAT Hall Home House of Representatives approves bill News awarding $5.6 million to IUCF

June 21, 2005

The House of Representatives has approved the Department of Defense Appropriations Act, which includes grants totaling $5.6 million in support of two of IUCF’s programs.

Congressman Mike Sodrel requested the funding, noting the importance of the research being done at IUCF in collaboration with Crane Naval Surface Warfare Center. $3.6 million is earmarked for IUCF under the bill for the Combined Environments Radiation Effects Simulation Project. IUCF is working with Crane and also has a long history of collaborative research with NASA to examine the effects of radiation, such as that seen in space or at high altitudes on “Matt Gadlage (from NAVSEA materials and electronic systems. CRANE) and Tom Ellis (IUCF) $2 million is also included in the bill to develop advance prepare for measurements of the neutron radiography technologies at IUCF’s Low Energy effect of neutron irradiation on Neutron Source (LENS). The LENS project produces cold transistor performance using the neutron beams for fundamental and applied research using LENS neutron source. The House of relatively low-energy protons (7-13MeV). The LENS project Representatives recently approved a produced its first neutron beam on December 15, 2004, and bill proposing $5.6 million in support produced its first “c old” neutron beam on April 12, 2005. IUCF’s partnership with CRANE to enhance the lab’s capabilities in this The bill will now go to the Senate for review. area.”

Read more about How LENS Works and LENS’s first neutron beam and first cold neutron beam.

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ISAT Hall Home LENS produces its first "cold" neutron News beam

By Mark Leuschner April 26, 2005

During the first week of April LENS produced its first "cold" neutron beam. The neutrons were cooled by a 1 cm thick methane moderator held at a temperature of 3.6 kelvin. The figure shows the first spectrum containing cold neutrons detected in the LENS beamline. The neutron spectrum consists of two components – one with an effective temperature of 25 kelvin and the other with a temperature of 157 kelvin. The moderator is very thin, so the neutrons that pass through it do not quite reach thermal equilibrium. As the LENS group gains experience with the moderator they expect to be able to optimize it so that the spectrum shifts more towards the lower energy (colder) neutrons that are of greater Spectrum collected with the methane interest for condensed matter research. moderator at a temperature of 3.6K with a thin 3He detector. Back to News Index

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ISAT Hall Home IUCF faculty member Prof. S.Y. Lee News receives Humboldt Award

April 8, 2005

IUCF faculty member Prof. S.Y. Lee has received a Humboldt Research Award from the prestigious Alexander von Humboldt Foundation in Bonn, Germany.

The Alexander von Humboldt Foundation grants up to 100 Humboldt Research Awards annually “to scientists and scholars from abroad with internationally recognized academic qualifications. The research award honors the academic achievements of the award winner's lifetime. Furthermore, award winners are invited to carry out research projects of their own choice in Germany in cooperation with colleagues for periods of between six months and one year.” S.Y. Lee has received a Humboldt Prof. S.Y. Lee has made several major contributions in Research Award from the prestigious accelerator physics. He has been credited with the design of Alexander von Humboldt Foundation the RHIC collider located in Brookhaven National Laboratory. in Bonn, Germany. He joined Indiana University in 1990, and formed an accelerator physics group carrying out a series of nonlinear beam dynamics and beam cooling experiments at the IUCF Cooler Ring. Results of these nonlinear beam dynamics experiments serve today as basic principles of beam manipulations. He was also a co-spokesperson of the partial snake experiments at AGS (Alternating Gradient Synchrotron) in Brookhaven National Laboratory. He, jointly with S. Tepikian, predicted the existence of a new kind of depolarization resonances, called snake resonances, in synchrotrons equipped with "spin rotators," called "snakes." The "snake resonance" was first observed at the Cooler Ring at IUCF and Brookhaven National Lab pp-collider.

Since joining IU, S.Y. Lee has published two graduate textbooks on "Spin dynamics and snake in synchrotrons" and "Accelerator physics." He has also been co-editor of three workshop proceedings. He served as the Director of the United States Particle Accelerator School from 1997 to 2001.

Prof. Lee will spend the 2005-06 academic year based at Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung mbH (GSI), a laboratory in Darmstadt, Germany, that performs basic research in nuclear physics, atomic physics as well as experimental medical radiation treatment of cancer with heavy ion beams.

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ISAT Hall Home First Test of Neutron Radiation Effects News By Tom Ellis March 8, 2005

Matt Gadlage of NAVSEA Crane is shown preparing to insert a microcircuit with 150 nanometer feature size into the LENS TMR assembly for exposure to neutrons. Neutrons produced by cosmic ray showers in the atmosphere are known to induce errors (Single Event Upsets or SEU’s) in microelectronic devices. The phenomenon is expected to grow more pronounced as feature sizes continue to be reduced. The 150 nanometer devices had first been demonstrated to be susceptible to upset from 50 MeV protons in the RERP proton source. No upsets were induced in the device with the 5 MeV (maximum) neutrons produced by the current LENS Preparation of microelectronic configuration. Further experiments will continue as other devices device for Single Event Effects test of interest become available. in Low Energy Neutron Source NAVSEA Crane has also provided silicon transistors for beam. investigation of crystal damage induced by neutrons. Tests performed to date indicate that the damage induced is comparable to that produced by nuclear reactors which have been the classical sources used to test military devices. Reactors are becoming less available in the United States as simulators. LENS promises to be a viable alternative to reactors for such device testing.

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ISAT Hall Home IUCF: 2004 in Review News By Ed Stephenson January 4, 2005

IUCF has had an extremely successful 2004 in many ways. Our funding base and the number of people working here have increased. We have a number of exciting projects underway. Here is a quick review of some of the important activities this past year.

MPRI Treats Its First Patient

After a long and successful effort, the Midwest Proton Radiotherapy Institute treated its first patient on February 17. Shortly the daily schedule filled, with several patients coming to the clinic each day to receive a treatment. Each patient receives daily doses in a series that may run for more than a month.

The clinic makes use of the 200-MeV proton beam from the original pair of cyclotrons that served for many years as the heart of the nuclear physics research program. All aspects of the treatment are handled by the clinic staff. Treatment plans are developed based on images of the affected area in each patient. Then special collimators and range absorbers are cut in the machine shop to match the proton beam to the treatment zone for each patient. Several such setups could be used for each patient as a way to minimize the effects of the treatment on healthy tissue.

IUCF took delivery last summer and this summer of the two large gantry assemblies that will make up the second and third treatment rooms. After preparing a pit in the floor to house each one, the assembly process began. Each gantry provides a way to bring the proton beam in from any direction to a patient that will be positioned on their back at the center of the gantry. The rotation of the gantry must be precise so that the beam reaches the patient with millimeter accuracy. Once each gantry with its magnet system is complete, then the civil construction phase begins. This provides a platform so that patients can be easily brought to the gantry and so that there is an operations station for the use of the clinic staff. The completion of the first gantry treatment room is expected early in 2005 with the second to be ready by the beginning of 2006.

IUCF Has A New Director – Paul Sokol

After 17 years, John Cameron stepped down as director of IUCF at the end of July. John came to the laboratory at the same time that we were completing and bringing into operation the electron-cooled storage ring ("Cooler") and the K600 magnetic spectrometer. This was the middle of an extremely productive period for the local effort in nuclear physics, and the beginning of many important developments and experimenta that would take place with the Cooler. During that time, John also had his eye on the future. We wish to thank John for leading the effort to put a plan in place for MPRI and the construction of the Low Energy Neutron Source (LENS). Now the laboratory is a vibrant and growing institution with multiple missions and projects under one roof.

Paul Sokol, the new director, comes to IUCF from a faculty position at Pennsylvania State University. There, Paul's research interests involved the microscopic structure and dynamics of condensed matter. Paul used both X-ray and neutron probes for these studies in materials science. Paul is also the leader for the construction of one of the instruments that will be built for the Spallation Neutron Source that is under construction at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The Cold Neutron Chopper

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Spectrometer involves a neutron beam preparation line and a large array of detectors that will be used as a facility for many experiments once the operation of the SNS begins in a few years. Paul is now in the process of moving that construction effort to IUCF.

Paul comes at an important time when we are finishing the first phase of the construction of LENS. This neutron source will bring IUCF once again into the scientific world as a user facility. The community will be broadly based, drawing from chemistry and biology projects as well as physics and materials science for its users. The pattern will be the study of a large number of samples whose structure and even dynamic properties are of interest to researchers. Paul is well known in the neutron community and will help us to develop the user community for LENS. Paul sees LENS growing over the next few years with the increase of its neutron beam intensities and the addition of more instruments for neutron work. Paul also wants to see IUCF develop as a research institute within the IU system and to continue its growth as a laboratory with multiple projects underway.

The STAR Endcap Calorimeter Is in Place and Ready

This summer marked the completion of the installation at Brookhaven National Laboratory of a large electromagnetic calorimeter that is a part of the STAR detector system. BNL is the location of the Relatistic Heavy Ion Collider, a large pair of synchrotron rings that is being developed for both heavy ion and polarized proton beams. IUCF joined the effort in 1998 with a commitment to build the calorimeter and to lead the effort at the STAR detector in the measurement of the contribution of the gluons to the spin of the proton. This experiment required that we be able to detect photons that emerge from collisions between two protons in which a gluon from one protons undergoes a hard scattering from a quark within the other proton. The STAR detector, designed originally for the heavy ion program, was not equipped to observe these photons at the energies and angles best suited to study the proton spin problem.

The new detector consists of alternating layers of a scintillating plastic with layers of lead. The lead converts the photons into electron-positron pairs that deposit energy in the scintillator layers. Part-way into the detector is a special layer of triangular strips of scintillator that give information on the location where the photon hit. This data from this special layer is also critical in separating the photons from background generated by the decay of uncharged pions.

The next running cycle at RHIC is expected to start about the first of 2005 and contain heavy ion running with copper beams as well as time for the polarized proton program.

LENS Readies for First Beam

This year saw the construction of the first phase of the Low Energy Neutron Source. This source uses an existing radio- frequency quadrupole and a drift tube linac from the original Cooler-synchrotron installation. With a new ion source, this device will produce short, intense pulses of protons that will be accelerated to 7 MeV and that will make neutrons from a beryllium target in the neutron moderator. Material inside the moderator, mostly the hydrogen, will act as a medium in which the neutrons can slow down by hitting and sharing energy with protons. Eventually this portion will be made of solid (cold) methane. Neutrons coming out of this material will have a velocity consistent with the moderator temperature. The neutrons will initially be available along three flight paths that radiate out onto the Cooler building floor. These paths will have instruments that use the neutrons in studies of the properties of materials placed as samples. The first instrument to run will be a small angle scattering spectrometer.

This year was an important time of gathering equipment that will one day be used to increase the power in this LENS phase and produce even more power for future moderators. IUCF obtained the prototype ground test accelerator from Los Alamos National Laboratory along with a number of klystrons, tubes that will be the source of RF power used by the accelerator. A delegation also visited Clear Air Force Base in Alaska to retrieve some klystrons from that installation along with some waveguide parts associated with these klystrons. All of these devices will be the source of parts and equipment that will increase the power of the neutron source by a large factor.

As the year draws to a close, all the parts of the ion source and accelerator have come together and

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beam was first extracted at 10:47 p.m. on December 15. The beam hit the beryllium production target and made neutrons. Some of the neutrons were collimated into a beam, and an image of that spot was recorded on an X-Y position-sensitive detector placed along the flight path. The image is available on our news site.

It is planned that the neutron source will serve users from a variety of disciplines that need information on the arrangements of atoms to form molecules. So this source could answer questions from chemistry and biology (particular for proteins) as well as physics and material science. An area for neutron radiation effects studies is also in the planning stage.

It is expected that a number of students and post-docs will be associated with the equipment developments of LENS and have a Ph.D. in neutron physics when they leave IU. This will partly address what is expected to be a desire for people to work with the SNS when its experimental program comes into operation. As a way of formalizing this connection, we officially joined the Oak Ridge Associated Universities this fall. This is an organization that provides some funding for student scholarships and a mechanism for establishing joint appointments for faculty members who would work part time at IU and part time at Oak Ridge.

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ISAT Hall Home First Neutron Beam produced by LENS! News By Paul Sokol December 15, 2004

At 10:47 PM on December 15, 2004 the Low Energy Neutron Source at the Indiana University Cyclotron Facility produced its first neutron beam. A beam of 7 MeV protons with a peak current of 4.5 mA at a repetition rate of 4 Hz produced neutrons using a (p,n) and (p,pn) reaction in a beryllium target and a room temperature polyethylene moderator. The neutrons were detected by the area sensitive detector of the small angle scattering machine being constructed at LENS.

Read more about LENS

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First beam produced by LENS

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ISAT Hall Home Plaque Marks Entry of IU into Oak Ridge News Associated Universities

By Ed Stephenson November 22, 2004

IUCF now has a plaque to commemorate Indiana University’s induction into ORAU, the Oak Ridge Associated Universities. This group, which is associated with the Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee, facilitates working contacts between the laboratory and universities around the world. The plaque was presented by John Nemeth, vice president of ORAU. Indiana University joins 90 other universities that are now a part of ORAU.

Joining ORAU is a part of the development of LENS, the Low Energy Neutron Source, at IUCF. The LENS mission of serving a user community, developing instruments for neutron science, and helping to educate the next generation of scientists and technicians overlaps strongly with the activities that will happen following the completion of the Spallation Neutron Source at the Oak Ridge laboratory. ORAU will be the bridge to joint faculty appointments between Indiana and Oak Ridge, and offers the opportunity for student support and some initial project funding for joint efforts.

It is also expected that some of the nuclear physics Dave Baxter, (left) and Barbara von experimental program with neutrons will move to the SNS Przewoski (right) show John Nemeth because of the large neutron flux that will be available. This and Grace Toney Edwards (ORAU) is crucial for obtaining the statistics needed in the study of construction plans for LENS and RERP. parity violation and the measurement of the coupling coefficients associated with the weak interaction.

The ceremony took place in the large conference room at IUCF. John Nemeth spoke about the mission and reach of ORAU. There were reviews of the IUCF program. John Cameron gave an overview of the laboratory. David Baxter spoke about the LENS development. The current programs in nuclear physics, radiation effects, and medical treatment were described by Ed Stephenson, Barbara von Przewoski, and Dennis Friesel. After the plaque presentation, lunch was served to the participants and guests, followed by a tour of the facility.

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ISAT Hall Home Shining STAR for IU Research News November 8, 2004

The endcap calorimeter is now at Brookhaven and, thanks to the efforts of many at IUCF, (mostly) working. Now you can find out how this large detector will contribute to, among other things, our understanding of the Big Bang and how the universe got here. IU staff writer Jeremy Shere has put together an article for IU's magazine Research and Creative Activity on our work with the STAR experiment and the physics we will be doing when the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Lab starts running again in December. In addition to the search for the quark-gluon plasma, the stuff that came before matter as we know it, the article also tells about our quest to find out where the proton gets its spin.

So check it out at http://www.indiana.edu/~rcapub/v27n1/minibang.shtml

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ISAT Hall Home STAR Endcap Meeting held at IUCF News By Jim Sowinski October 5, 2004

Members of the STAR Endcap project met at IUCF on October 4, 2004. Over the past few years, a team from IUCF has been constructing an Endcap Electromagnetic Calorimeter (EEMC) for STAR, one of the large detector systems currently operating at the RHIC accelerator facility at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The EEMC project is a collaborative effort involving several facilities across the United States. Physicists from Argonne National Labs, MIT, Valparaiso University, Penn State University and Wayne State University attended the meeting at IUCF and the Brookhaven National Laboratory team joined the meeting by teleconference to discuss detecting pi-0's with the endcap electromagnetic calorimeter and methods for finding these particles in the data taken with it. The pi- 0's decay into two high energy photons that the calorimeter is very good at detecting but these two photons must be found amongst all the other signals generated by other particles hitting the detector. Encouraging progress is being made and it is hoped that results will be available over the next 6 months.

To learn more about the EEMC project click here

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ISAT Hall Home "little a" collaboration awarded NSF grant News By Mark Leuschner September 24, 2004

IUCF hosted a "little a" collaboration meeting on Saturday, September 18, 2004. The collaboration was recently awarded a total of $986,000, mostly in the form of a NSF Major Research Instrumentation grant, for the design and construction of an instrument to measure the electron- antineutrino correlation in neutron beta decay. The collaboration plans to assemble and test the instrument at LENS during the next three years. The project will culminate in a commissioning run in the LENS neutron beamline during the summer of 2007. The collaboration, led by four investigators (one from Indiana University ), includes researchers from eight research institutions from the United States and Europe .

The electron-antineutrino correlation coefficient, also known as "little a," is the least well known of the parameters describing the beta decay of the neutron. Neutron beta decay has been a subject of intense interest among physicists since the discovery of the neutron more than 70 years ago. Knowledge of this fundamental weak interaction decay process is recognized as being an essential ingredient in the understanding of such diverse physics realms as cosmology and subatomic physics. In particular, an improved measurement of the "little a" parameter will provide stringent limits on "new physics" beyond the Electroweak Standard Model, and will help resolve contradictions in other recent measurements that suggest a violation of the unitarity of the CKM matrix. The unitarity of the CKM matrix is one of the most intriguing controversies in fundamental particle physics today.

One of the first items of business for the collaboration was to decide on a new name for itself. "little a" was perceived to be too confusing. I´ve been surprised at how many times I´ve been asked how to spell it! The collaboration finally decided on the new name "aCORN," standing, loosely, for "a CORrelation in Neutron decay." It is certainly not an acronym in the usual sense, but we all liked the name and felt it was better than "little a."

To learn more about the project, click here An engineering model of Back to News Index the "aCORN" spectrometer that will be used to measure the electron-antineutrino correlation in neutron beta decay.

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ISAT Hall Home Clear AFS Equipment Extraction News By Vladimir Derenchuk August 23, 2004

On Monday August 16th, seven employees from IUCF traveled up to Fairbanks, Alaska to be met by Tom Rinckel and a crew of 12 others from the Crane Naval Surface Weapons Center and the Reagan Test Sight in the Kwajalein Islands, Samoa. By Tuesday, the crew of 20 were hard at work removing 15,000 pound transformers, 8' x 10' x 4' deep modulator tanks and nearly 200 waveguide parts for use in Phase II of the IUCF LENS project. The equipment is located a 20 minute drive from Denali, at Clear AFS, a decommissioned Klystron based radar facility for detecting ballistic missiles launched over the north pole. When in use, the equipment didn't detect any missiles but we will put it to good use at IUCF as part of the MegaWatt RF power amplifiers needed to produce the intense beams expected from the LENS accelerator. Tom and the crew will be returning on September 2nd and if necessary, a small crew will go back up to finish the job before winter sets in.

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ISAT Hall Home TR3 Gantry Assembled in Record Time! News By Terry Sloan August 18, 2004

The Treatment Room 3 (TR3) Gantry for MPRI arrived at IUCF in July, and is now being assembled by Brad Hawkins and his IUCF crew. The 80-ton gantry is the second of two gantries being installed in the Midwest Proton Radiotherapy Institute (MPRI) to supply focused proton radiotherapy treatments to patients. The rationale behind constructing a gantry to rotate beam around the patient, instead of vice versa, is for accuracy in targeting the treatment area. Moving or rotating a person from one point to another displaces internal organs causing the treatment area to shift. The position of the treatment area remains much more constant if the patient remains in one position and the beam is directed at the treatment area from any desired angle.

IUCF accepted delivery of the second gantry although construction of Treatment Room 2 is not yet complete. Because there is no excess room remaining in the high bay area where the gantries are housed, much of the work in the TR3 gantry pit had to be accomplished outside, making weather a prime consideration. Consequently assembly of the TR3 Gantry couldn't start too late in the fall. In addition, the gantry is delivered from Belgium by boat through the Saint Lawrence Seaway, so ice conditions determine the dates when delivery can occur. Work is now underway to finish the alignment of the TR3 gantry structure and beam transport magnets before civil construction of Treatment Room 3 begins on September 27, 2004, removing sight lines that makes this task nearly impossible!

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ISAT Hall Home Message from the Director, Paul Sokol News By Paul Sokol August 18, 2004

I am delighted to be assuming the directorship of IUCF. While I have only been here a short time, it is already clear that the real assets of IUCF are its people and that IUCF faculty and staff have done an amazing job with this facility. I am looking forward to working with this incredible team.

My background is quite different from that of previous IUCF directors. IUCF began its existence as a nuclear physics facility and is responsible for many ground breaking results in this field. The directors of this facility have always been nuclear physicists—until now. My background is in experimental condensed matter physics and material science with an emphasis on x-ray and neutron scattering. My research has covered a variety of topics ranging from the esoteric (quantum liquids) to the practical (liquid crystals and hydrogen storage materials) to the mundane (watching cement dry). During the course of this work I have been involved in the construction of neutron and x-ray scattering instruments at different facilities. This includes my most recent project, construction of the Cold Neutron Chopper Spectrometer (CNCS) for the Spallation Neutron Source, which will be moving to IUCF with me.

My choice as director reflects the changing mission of IUCF over the last several years. Nuclear Physics has been an important part of the history of IUCF and will remain a premiere effort here. At the same time the Low Energy Neutron Source (LENS) is gearing up and will, for a short time, be one of the most intense pulsed neutron sources in the country. Its location at IUCF, embedded in the university research environment, provides a unique opportunity for fostering research in physics, chemistry, biology, material science and in cross disciplinary areas. We will, without doubt, become the leading university based neutron effort in the country.

IUCF has an equally important role in service to the community. The Midwest Proton Radiotherapy Institute (MPRI) exemplifies this role. John Cameron deserves immense credit for his vision and energy in spearheading this effort and IUCF staff members deserve an equal credit for making it a reality. We now have an important role to play in supporting our colleagues at MPRI in their life saving mission. We also have an important role to play in serving the aeronautics, aerospace and national defense communities through our radiation effects testing programs.

IUCF also has a longstanding tradition in outreach activities. We host many undergraduates each year in our Research Experience for Undergraduates program. In addition, we provide tours which introduce the public to our capabilities and contributions. These activities are important since it is the general public who ultimately sponsor our activities and need to understand their value.

I see a bright future for IUCF as we expand our activities in research, service and outreach. We are uniquely positioned to expand our research activities in areas such as condensed matter physics, medical physics, the life sciences and even astronomy and astrophysics. Our service activities are extremely valuable and will be a continuing part of our mission. Our outreach activities will also expand to show the public the value of our efforts.

It is a pleasure to be here, and I look forward to seeing many exciting developments at IUCF in the near future.

Paul Sokol

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ISAT Hall Home New Director for IUCF News June 15, 2004

The next Director of IUCF will be Professor Paul Sokol. Dr Sokol is currently Professor of Physics at Penn State University . His area of expertise is in the study of microstructure and dynamics of condensed matter using neutron scattering techniques and in the construction of neutron scattering instrumentation. He also is the team leader of the project to build a Cold Neutron Chopper Spectrometer for use at the SNS. This instrument will be designed and constructed by a University based Instrument Development team lead by Dr Sokol that has over 30 members from various universities and national laboratories. Dr Sokol will be assuming his position here in August and will be visiting for a week in July. Dr Sokol's interests outside of work include sailing and skiing with his family.

Reminiscences from the (soon to be ex-) Director

Well it has certainly been interesting times; sometimes very much in the sense of the old Chinese curse! I still think on my decision to move on after 17 years at the helm of IUCF with very mixed emotions. However I really do believe it is the right time for the laboratory to change leadership. At this time the major focus has got to be to bring the new activities in neutron scattering to their full potential and Paul Sokol is eminently better qualified than I to do that.

These years have seen dramatic changes at IUCF. When I first arrived in 1987 the nuclear physics research program was still operating on the cyclotron alone. The challenge at that time was to get the Cooler construction finished and to answer the critics who claimed that there was no research program that could use it. In fact the research that developed around the Cooler was revolutionary and the technology and ideas first instigated at IUCF had a great impact on the other electron cooled beam facilities which followed in the 90s.

The dark days in spring 1997 after we received the word from the NSF that they would cease their support for operations in 2002 is still one that I remember vividly. In retrospect this maybe was a blessing in disguise in that it released the great innovative forces that exist here at IUCF and a great many good things have resulted. Today the laboratory is very different and much stronger than it was when that decision was made. The nuclear physics program continues to be one of the strongest in the country. This will soon be joined by a unique program centered around LENS. In addition we have seen MPRI spin off as a business which already has all the signs of being a great success.

Now while I am stepping down as Director I do not plan to disappear. Indeed I still expect to be very much involved with some activity here at IUCF for many years. My last word in this column is to say once again that it really is all about the people; and thanks for the memories.

John

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ISAT Hall Home Seeing Light from (a) STAR News By Scott Wissink June 13, 2004

Over the past few years, a team from IUCF has been constructing an Endcap Electromagnetic Calorimeter (EEMC) for STAR, one of the large detector systems currently operating at the RHIC accelerator facility at Brookhaven National Laboratory. It may seem like that work has come to an end — the frantic activity in the assembly areas south of the machine shop and in the southwest corner of the former Cooler building has certainly ceased! — but in fact the effort has simply moved east a bit, to the woodlands of central Long Island , where Brookhaven Lab is located.

By the end of 2003, all of the major structural components of the EEMC, as well as the many ‘active' elements (pieces of scintillator) that detect and respond to ionizing particles, had been installed at Brookhaven and were ready for detailed testing. Not accidentally, this timing coincided with the beginning of the RHIC running period, which would continue until early May. During the initial stages of the run, the emphasis from the IU STAR group was on checking that the EEMC was working properly and ‘fibered' correctly. This latter effort was non-trivial: close to 30,000 optical fiber paths connect the various detector elements to their associated electronics, and each path might consist of three or four separate pieces of fiber! Ensuring that each individual segment of the detector was being routed to the proper electronic input required many hours of acquiring data under different conditions, and implementing software designed specifically for this task. This job was aided by the use of various diagnostic systems, such as pulsed LED's and a UV laser, which could fire a known subset of the detector components, and which had been engineered into the EEMC project for just this purpose.

With everything more or less working, and the interconnections well understood, the second major task was to calibrate each of the detector elements, i.e., learn how to convert the measured signals to physically useful information, such as the energy deposited within some portion of the EEMC. To make progress here, different types of data taken under a wide range of conditions were needed, along with increasingly sophisticated computer programs for analysis. Significantly, information from other STAR detectors was also required at this stage, so we could be sure that the particle entering the EEMC was of a particular type, e.g., a 2 GeV electron. For an electromagnetic calorimeter, a primary goal is to be able to determine the energy of an incident photon, the particle that in large numbers we call ‘light.' But how do you know if you've done this correctly? One check is to use neutral Reconstructed mass (in GeV) for two pions, or p0, a very short-lived particle that decays quickly photons that arrive at the EEMC the into two photons. By picking out pairs of photons detected same time (upper curve) or at different in the EEMC and measuring their energies and angles, one times (lower curve). The difference can work backward to see if these were indeed produced in (points with error bars) shows a clear the decay of a pion. The result of such an analysis is peak at the mass of the neutral pion, shown by the upper solid line in image above. In most about 135 MeV.

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cases, the two photons are not correlated, and the spectrum is featureless; but a clear peak emerges very near the known mass of the p 0 at 0.135 GeV. To isolate this, the same procedure was followed for pairs of photons known to be uncorrelated (different arrival times at the EEMC), which yielded the lower curve. The difference, shown by individual points with error bars, does in fact peak at the pion mass, suggesting that the calibration procedures followed were correct.

With the EEMC successfully calibrated, efforts began towards our final goal: to not just read out the EEMC information for an interesting event, but to use the EEMC to decide that a particular event is interesting. As you might expect, beam-time is precious at a major facility like RHIC, and only a small fraction of the collision events can be recorded for analysis. Only detectors that have proven themselves to be reliable, and their data believable, are included in making the decision as to which events should be recorded, and the EEMC achieved that status quite quickly.

Overall, the past run was a great success, for RHIC, for STAR, and for the EEMC. Most of the running was devoted to heavy-ion collisions, accumulating data to support the idea that a new form of matter, a “quark-gluon plasma” similar to what we believe existed in the early stages of the universe, may have been created in the laboratory for the first time. The IU group played a role in this effort, as well as getting the EEMC up and going. The summer will be spent analyzing our new data, fine- tuning some aspects of the EEMC performance, and installing the remaining components of our electronic readout, all in preparation for the run that will begin next fall.

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ISAT Hall Home STAR Endcap Approaching Completion News By Scott Wissink April 5, 2004

One of the largest detector projects ever undertaken at IUCF ― the design, construction, installation, and commissioning of an Endcap Electromagnetic Calorimeter (EEMC) for the STAR detector at RHIC ― is now very close to completion. The disk- shaped detector was constructed in two halves, the lower part of which was shipped to Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) in 2002 and mounted on the massive STAR magnet pole tip. The upper half was assembled last spring, was shipped out to BNL, and was lifted into place on August 1 st. It fit perfectly ― no small feat, given that each detector half consists mostly of lead and steel plates, weighs 15 tons, and is about 16 feet across. Moreover, the whole upper half 'hangs' on a single pin at the top, yet must leave a gap along the bottom only 1/8" wide!

Throughout the fall, physicists from IUCF, Argonne National Lab, Texas A&M, and Valparaiso University worked to turn this beautiful but 'useless' metal structure into a fully functioning detector. Large sheets of scintillator, used to convert the passage of charged particles into light, were inserted into the detector like huge slices of pizza, then connected via long optical fibers to photomultiplier tubes (PMT's) mounted on the opposite side of the poletip. These PMT's needed to be encased in steel boxes with 1/2" thick walls, to shield against the strong magnetic fields created by the STAR magnets. Over 125 boxes, most weighing close to 100 lbs, of various shape, size, and function will eventually be mounted on the back of the poletip. Some 30,000 fibers are used to transport the light from the scintillators located deep within the EEMC structure to the PMT's waiting on the back. After the PMT's convert the flashes of light to pulses of electric charge, the charges are integrated, digitized, and stored in memory, as thousands of pieces of separate information. Much of the electronic hardware required to perform these manipulations, as well as the software that is needed to make sense of it all, was also built and tested at IUCF.

The 'layered' structure of the EEMC, and some of the fibers that will ferry the light to the back, can be seen in the photograph above. In this picture, taken late in 2003, the solid blue band towards the rear (right side of photo) is the 70-ton magnet pole tip, while the inward-sloping edges define the EEMC. The fragile optical fibers, with their connecting ends wrapped in soft cloth, were soon attached to the ends of the megatiles, and the last section of the protective steel skin was bolted into place. Some of the outermost PMT boxes are also visible on the pole tip rear surface. The completed detector, with all of its shielding in place (which also provides a light-tight seal), is shown in the second photo. In this picture, the split structure ― and the size of the tolerances mentioned above! ― are readily apparent on the front face.

At the time these pictures were taken, most of the STAR detector system was still in its "roll-out" position, about 50 feet behind the photographer. Shortly thereafter, STAR was moved back into place, and the pole tip and EEMC were inserted into their proper position. Testing of individual EEMC components, commissioning of the electronics, and an initial calibration of the whole system were soon completed, in time for the RHIC beam that began in late December. All indications are that the

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detector components are functioning as planned. The IU STAR group will be spending much of this summer analyzing some of the initial data, fixing any problems found, and installing the last part of the readout electronics, all in preparation for next year’s running — the first with a complete EEMC.

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ISAT Hall Home MPRI Treats First Patient News By Dr. Allan Thornton April 3, 2004

On February 17, 2004, the Midwest Proton Radiotherapy Institute (MPRI) treated its first patient, a young woman from Kansas with a benign salivary gland tumor. Although this success does not reflect the first patient treated by IUCF (a brain tumor patient treated in 1994, and additional eye patients in 1998-2000), it does reflect a milestone in the creation of the nation’s third proton therapy treatment center, a joint partnership of IUCF and MPRI (a separate clinical entity within the IUCF).

This clinical achievement represents one major stepping stone in the continuing development of MPRI. It is particularly significant to the IUCF/MPRI community because it represents the most rapid implementation of a fully functional proton therapy clinic in the world, thus far. To date, the record of this development was held by a Japanese consortium. The MPRI conversion was accomplished in 3 fewer years than the previous record! This could not have been accomplished without the close cooperation and experience of all the professionals at IUCF and MPRI. Furthermore, the conversion implemented much new technology, never used before in the particle therapy community, let alone the conventional therapy community.

A few updates on MPRI that may be of interest: since May, 2003, MPRI has seen many patients in consultation. These patients have come from a very wide range of geography (South America, Africa, the entire Midwest, even several from Massachusetts!). The tumors include many appropriate brain, spinal cord, rectal, prostate, and head and neck malignancies. Additionally, several children have been referred for eye tumors and craniospinal treatments of the entire spinal column associated with selected brain tumors. Currently, we are treating 5 patients, each representing a challenging case for a newly established clinic. Essentially, each patient involves the implementation of an entire system of immobilization and planning devices which took Massachusetts General and Loma Linda Medical Centers several years to establish. MPRI is combining techniques in use at our sister institutions, along with those used in Cape Town, South Africa, along with Canada, to obtain the best incorporation of technologies for our patients.

The process of treating a patient is a multi-step process, incorporating over 100 individual processes. After the initial consultation, the patient’s films are reviewed, along with pathology review at Bloomington Hospital in concert with IU School of Medicine (Bloomingon campus). A formal tumor board held on Thursday mornings at Bloomington Hospital reviews all imaging and pathology in concert with medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, surgeons, and many supporting specialties. Given the wide range of unusual malignancies MPRI sees, this tumor board has already become an important avenue of communication with the medical specialists here in Bloomington. After this review, the patient is immobilized with a variety of complicated devices, often with implanted metal fiducials placed in the skull as referencing markers. A very precise, calibrated CT scan is then performed within MPRI with the patient in the treatment position, ensured by the immobilization cast. Often a MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) study is also performed, and image fusion is accomplished with the CT dataset (PET images will also be used).

Following this image acquisition, Ms. Avril O’Ryan-Blair, MPRI’s Chief dosimetrist, works with Allan Thornton to generate 3-dimensional models of the patient, the tumor, and the normal structure. This computer modeling is accomplished within a treatment planning software system capable of calculating and projecting upon either CT or MRI images the doses of proton irradiation to be

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delivered. Much thought goes into the appropriate selection of beam angles and ultimate distribution of dose. Often previous conventional irradiation limits additional therapy potential (one major contribution of proton irradiation). Once this treatment plan is completed, files are generated that direct milling operations to make the brass apertures that limit the radiation in the X-Y direction and also the plastic compensator that fine-tunes the range of the proton beam (the Z direction). In this way, the proton beam is delivered with 1.0 mm precision in all three-dimensions. By comparison, even with the most sophisticated of conventional radiation modalities, the reproducibility of beam positioning is limited to 5-15mm, not sufficient for many of the tumors referred to MPRI. This planning process takes several days to a week to accomplish.

The patient then comes to MPRI for a "dry run" or simulation of his/her treatment. At this visit conventional photon x-rays are taken of the patient in each treatment position, along with the verification of robot positioning paths or trajectories. Chris Allgower has been instrumental in the programming and implementation of our Motoman UP200 robot – a full industrial robot which has been converted to precisely position the patient about the fixed horizontal proton beam. He has written much of the code necessary to maneuver this machine about a common, but imaginary “center of rotation” or isocenter, reflecting a complicated set of transformations necessary to coordinate the referencing systems. Niek Schreuder and Jonathan Farr supervise this entire process of robot positioning, beam-line dosimetry, image alignment and referencing, dose tracking, and accounting (charting). Ed Dickey, ably assisted by Marybeth Sullivan-Dickey, organizes the schedule, perform CT scans, and treat the patients. Weekly chart reviews ensure that the many steps of this process are kept in synchrony throughout the course of treatment.

Once the dry run is complete the patient receives the treatment on a daily basis for 4-9 weeks, requiring between 30 and 60 minutes to complete 1-2 fields (beam directions). Most of this daily time is used to correctly position and verify the position of the patient. The beam itself is only used for 1-2 minutes to actually deliver the treatment, and is painless. The patients receive 5 consecutive treatments per week (if the beam is down during the week, we try to treat on the weekend) so that the tumor is continuously treated. Folks often ask us if 5 days a week is good, would not 7 days be better? The answer is an empirical one – radiation oncologists in Canada and England have indeed tried to treat 7 days a week, but the therapy is too toxic when delivered in this fashion. Following the completion of the therapy, the patient returns home, but will return to MPRI for periodic checkups indefinitely.

It is likely that MPRI will be housing an MRI scanner by December. This 3.0 Tesla scanner is the largest in the State and will be owned by the Department of Psychology. We are very excited by the potential to use this wonderful resource in collaboration with the University. This imaging tool allows real-time imaging of blood flow through the brain, mapping the speech center and other critical areas of the brain. At Mass General Hospital in Boston, we were directing our proton beams with attention to these critical function areas of the brain – a technique not performed elsewhere. This represents a very elegant marriage of imaging technology with the directional aiming properties of the proton beam.

All members of the IUCF family should be very proud of their accomplishments in bringing this project together. We are a very small group of individuals here at MPRI performing a complex task of bringing the finest in radiation oncology to this section of the country. We are gratified to have the support of the Lab, not only in treating our current patients, but in the 5-7 years of future development required to bring the next two gantries on-line.

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ISAT Hall Home More Support for LENS News April 2, 2004

A major component in the funding profile for the first phase of the LENS project was a request to the Indiana 21st Century Research and Technology Fund. This fund was created in 1999 by the Indiana General Assembly to stimulate the process of diversifying the State's economy by developing and commercializing advanced technologies in Indiana. The Fund makes awards in two broad categories: Science and Technology Commercialization and Centers of Excellence and emphasizes the creation of academic-sector: commercial-sector partnerships. We were delighted to learn recently that the largest grant to date has been awarded to LENS for $2,450,000.

In a collaboration with Crane we also have received a grant from the Department of Defense for work to be carried out at LENS to evaluate the effect of neutrons on electronics components. This grant is about $1,000,000 and in large part is the result of great work by Tom Ellis and our federal relations team at IU. This work will be a very important extension of the present radiation effects program now being carried out in the RERP II. The new area will be called RERP III.

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ISAT Hall Home We're Now A Part of Oak Ridge Associated News Universities

By Ed Stephenson April 1, 2004

Our Low Energy Neutron Source has made partners of Indiana University and Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. At the end of January, Indiana University was formally accepted into the Oak Ridge Associated Universities because of the close connections that will exist between the development and educational work that will be done at LENS and the Spallation Neutron Source now under construction for over one billion dollars at ORNL. The acceptance was highlighted with a visit from Lee Reidinger, the associate director of ORNL, and Ron Townsend, ORAU's president. David Baxter and Mike Snow discussed LENS and the research opportunities available with neutrons and our visitors made a tour of the laboratory. ORAU can help us by facilitating joint appointments where researchers working on LENS can also benefit from connections to Oak Ridge. We look forward to finding ways to work together in the future. Both IU and ORNL will also be considering other possible areas of overlap and common interest between these two large institutions.

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ISAT Hall Home LENS Scavengers News By Tom Rinckel March 10, 2004

The new Low Energy Neutron Source (LENS) accelerator system, while very similar to other accelerators at IUCF, has one main difference: Beam POWER. For comparison, the cyclotrons produce a proton beam with 200 watts average power. But the proton delivery system (PDS) for LENS will produce 50,000 watts average power. The PDS will be pulsed (1 millisecond every 20 millisecond) producing 1,000,000 watts (yes, ONE Megawatt) peak beam power! Producing a beam with this huge power requires multi-megawatt RF systems i.e. Klystrons. LENS will need four klystron tubes working simultaneously to generate this amount of beam power.

The Los Alamos National Lab has been developing many accelerators over the last few decades. One of these, the Ground Test Accelerator (GTA), was a prototype for a space based particle beam weapon to blow up missiles. As a prototype this accelerator was built with many adjustment dials and fine tuning slugs to research how to build a rugged, reliable and flyable accelerator. Ten Klystrons were to be used to power the GTA. A number of these programs have now ended, so the equipment is being surplused ( Los Alamos wants the space), and IUCF has taken possession of much of the associated equipment.

Clear Air Force Base near Fairbanks, Alaska, was part of the BMEWS (Ballistic Missile Early Warning System) radar system. This system was built to detect missiles from the former USSR. It was a huge klystron installation of 9 transmitters with 4 tubes each, generating 5,000,000 watts per transmitter. This equipment is gathering dust while people slowly rob parts from it.

We received a total of 16 klystron tubes of 2 types from Los Alamos. These tubes are 6 to 8 feet tall and come in a "coffin" (see picture). Support equipment includes several 2000 lb. focus coils and about a half mile of wave guide. In addition LANL sent us the whole GTA, which you can now see outside under the cooler crane. We are negotiating the loan of a working klystron test stand from Los Alamos for training purposes.

We will still need more klystron equipment than Los Alamos can provide as we want to power four tubes at the same time. We hope to get this additional equipment from Alaska. Basically we will need the oil tanks that the tubes sit in, the high voltage power supplies that power the tubes and more waveguide to route the power to the new linear accelerator. As Clear Air Force Base is not in a hurry to recover the space that the klystrons presently take up, we will be sending a crew to Alaska to extract and pack the equipment for shipping. This will be a logistical problem as Clear AFB is 2 hours from the nearest lumber yard.

In addition, other equipment has arrived for use on the neutron side of the target. The University of Missouri has donated a Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) detector. This detector sits in a large vacuum tank (5 feet by 30 feet) which has inches of paraffin between two wall layers. The paraffin is used to minimize the neutron background in the detector. Brookhaven National Labs has donated mirrored neutron guides. These plated silicon guides bounce the neutrons, directing them toward the sample.

All this equipment is gladly accepted by IUCF for the LENS program, as just a single klystron tube http://www.iucf.indiana.edu/news/news.php?story=4[8/23/2013 12:24:22 PM] News: Indiana University Integrated Science and Accelerator Technology Hall

costs $250,000 new and we need four tubes, plus spares. A simple piece of waveguide costs $2,000 and a special piece like a circulator costs ~$50,000. A new SANS detector costs $300,000 and the tank cost was $250,000. We appreciate acquiring these recycled items, as LENS could not be completed without the reuse of these large cost items.

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ISAT Hall Home Gantry Installation Begins News By Terry Sloan August 1, 2003

Installation of the first of two gantries built by IBA in Belgium has begun in the South pit of the old Cyclotron experimental vault. These devices will be used to rotate the beam 360° around the patient. Bending the beam through 180° requires about 20 tons of magnets. For balance you need 20 tons of counterweight. By the time you build a structure rigid enough to rotate with the required precision, the total weight is something over 100 tons. Before we could start, clearance notches had to be cut into the pit walls, a concrete pier to mount the axial restraint bearing and robot had to be poured, and floor plates had to be installed and grouted onto concrete pads. Everything about these gantries is large. We used over eighty 55-pound bags of grout under the floor plates.

The gantry was shipped by boat from Antwerp across the Atlantic through the Saint Lawrence Seaway, and unloaded at Burns Harbor, Michigan, close to Michigan City, Indiana. After considerable difficulty obtaining permits, the trucking company finally began delivering the first of sixteen crates on 7 July 2003. Four of the crates were so large that a special lowboy trailer was required to clear highway obstacles. This trailer had only 6” of ground clearance and could not descend the hill at the north end of the building without grounding. This necessitated renting a mobile crane and another truck to move the crates from the parking lot to the north end of the building. The trucking company had only one trailer and thus made four trips to deliver all of these crates. This was the cause of all the activity interfering with parking in front of the building. Although I had seen a fully assembled gantry at NPTC in Boston, I had only seen a couple of pictures of crates we would be handling. Consequently most of the rigging was done on the fly. We decided the only way to get the crates into the building was to knock a 20 foot wide by 17 foot tall hole in the North wall of the building. The tallest crate cleared by 4 inches. The widest crate, which weighed 29 tons, had 8 inches of clearance on each side and took over an hour to shoehorn into the building. At this time not all of the gantry components will fit inside the building, so this hole will remain open until partial assembly clears enough space for the remaining three crates.

At the time of writing, we have installed the skid frame in the gantry pit and mounted the forward set of boogies (the rollers on which the gantry rotates). We have also installed the forward ring and attached two temporary supports allowing the ring to be tilted back 1 inch at the top. This is necessary in order to ensure there is clearance to install the back ring. The next step will be to mate the 135° magnet to its support structure and bolt it to the forward ring.

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