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=%>0#7B77L%F*&7-./#&.%/-*.%07&-1#&$7-.7;(-.% Area and River Catchment Mainstream (km) Flowing Source Riparian countries region Area (10ÁkmÂ) into Total Area Total Length oceans area within length within China China Northeast Heilong River 184.30 88.30 3, 420 2, 854 Pacific Mongolia China, Russia and Ocean Mongolia Yalu River 6.45 3.25 816 816 Pacific Jilin, China China and North Ocean Korea Tumen River 3.32 2.29 505.4 490.4 Pacific Jilin, China China, North Korea Ocean and Russia Shuifen River 1.73 1.00 443 258 Pacific Jilin, China China and Russia Ocean Southwest Irrawaddy 43.10 4.33 2, 150 178.6 Indian Tibet, China China and Ocean Myanmar Nujiang- 32.50 14.27 3, 200 1, 540 Indian Tibet, China China, Myanmar Salween River Ocean and Thailand Lancang- 81.00 16.70 4, 880 2, 161 Pacific Qinghai, China, Myanmar, Mekong River Ocean China Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam Zhujiang River 45.37 About 2, 214 2, 214 Pacific Yunnan, China and Vietnam 45.37 Ocean China Yarlung 93.80 23.92 2, 900 2, 229 Indian Tibet, China China, Bhutan, Zangbo Ocean Indian, Sikkim, -Brahmaputra Bangladesh River Bunji River 107.30 0.23 2, 700 49 Indian Tibet, China China, Nepal, (Ganges) Ocean Indian, Bangladesh Senge Zangbo 116.60 2.49 2, 880 419 Indian Tibet, China China, India, River Ocean Pakistan, Afghanistan Yuanjiang- 11.30 7.40 1, 280 677 Pacific Yunnan, China, Vietnam, Red River Ocean China Laos Northwest Ertix-E’bi 292.90 5.70 4 248 633 Arctic Xinjiang, China, Kazakhstan, River Ocean China Russia, Mongolia Ili River 15.12 5.67 1 237 442 Balqash Kazakhstan China, Kazakhstan Lake Tarim River 5.00 3.10 589 449 Tarim Kirghizia China, Kirghizia River Source: He Daming and Tan Qicheng, International Rivers in China. Beijing: Science Press, 2000. 3-20.

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X%S0#7C77X(#7&#$#%&’(7*&-#./%/-*.$7%.>7,*’%07-$$@#$7,*&7FB"G Research orientations Focal issues Evolution and sustainable Evolution of water resource system maintenance of water resource Allocation and conflict solution of trans-boundary water resources system Multi-objective coordination and sustainable maintenance of water resources

Ecological environmental change Eco-environmental change of international rivers and its impact of international rivers and Interaction between infrastructure construction and ecological environment infrastructure construction Development of assessment and monitoring index of infrastructure constructions’ ecological impacts based on 4s (RS, GPS, GIS and ES); development of comprehensive monitoring network in important ecological change zones Assessment and monitoring of cascade hydro-station and international expressway construction

Digitizing of rivers Digital modeling of rivers’ formation and evolution Database and GIS development Decision-supporting system development Website development

Conservation of aquatic Controlling and monitoring of transboundary water pollution environment and harnessing of Quality protection of trans-boundary waters and harnessing of aquatic disasters environment Soil erosion control and mountainous disasters harnessing Harnessing of boundary rivers

Conservation, utilization, Transboundary eco-environment maintenance and bio-diversity conservation and management of Establishment of protected regions for transboundary migratory fish transboundary bio-diversity Establishment of transboundary protected areas

Integrated development and Regional cooperation and development of transboundary resources management of rivers International river laws and water laws Models, theories, methods and experiences for the development and management of international rivers Integrated development and management of international rivers Related policy and institutional capacity building

Transboundary ecological security Transboundary water security in international river basins Trans-border spreading of epidemic, venereal disease and AIDS Corporations’ trans-border transference and transboundary pollution

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