Accelerating Retrofit Solution Development Data correct as of 08/11/2018 Hosted: https://www.lowcvp.org.uk/projects/bus-working-group/a-nox-reduction-through-retrofit-.htm

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Daniel Hayes, Project Manager, Working Group [email protected] // 020 7 973 1244 Purpose

This presentation aims to highlight bus engine models that do not have approved retrofit solutions currently under the CVRAS scheme. This data highlights engine models that are numerous enough to justify the business case for a retrofit solution to be developed. The data presented is sourced from the largest operators in England and Wales. All data has been amalgamated and anonymised.

Data correct as of 08/11/2018 – Data will be updated quarterly based on new approvals

08 November 2018 THE LOW CARBON VEHICLE PARTNERSHIP What Euro VI equivalent solutions for NOx reduction under CVRAS are available today compared with actual fleet data... Aim Analyse English and Scottish bus fleets and identify the availability of approved systems for NOx reduction to Euro VI equivalence under CVRAS and present in anonymised format. Operators England: First Group, , , Stagecoach, Trent Barton, Nottingham City Transport, Go Ahead Scotland: First Group, Stagecoach, Lothian, National Express, McGill’s, Westcoast Motors Using JAQU approved Energy Savings Trust - Clean Vehicle Retrofit Accreditation Scheme (CVRAS) list of approved retrofit solutions for NOx reduction based on Engine type and Euro Standard. • E.g. Cummins ISBe 6.7 Euro V (not model and OEM of bus e.g. Enviro 400) Energy Savings Trust asking for worst case in engine class to qualify i.e. most polluting • Euro III : Four different engine model solutions approved • Euro IV & V: Nine different engine model solutions approved

NB: Looks at SCR only solutions (Magtec can convert to EV but exercise has assumed operators will retrofit using SCR aftertreatment systems)

08 November 2018 THE LOW CARBON VEHICLE PARTNERSHIP Combined English and Scottish Fleets by Bus Manufacturer Manufacturer Qty

Wrightbus, 1385, 18% ADL 3023 BMC 3 DAF 1 East Lancashire CB 37 Fiat 3 ADL, 3023, 38% 1 MAN 14 2 Mercedes 49 536 23

BMC, 3, 0% Scania 477 , 2211, 28% DAF, 1, 0% Temsa 25 38 Mellor Coachcraft, 2, 0% East Lancashire CB , 37, 0% VDL 10 Mercedes, 49, 1% Vehixel 19 Temsa, 25, 0% MAN, 14, 0% Vehixel, 19, 0% Volvo 2211 Optare, 536, 7% Irizar, 1, 0% VDL , 10, 0% 1385 Van Hool, 38, 0% Plaxton, 23, 0% Fiat, 3, 0% Scania, 477, 6% Grand Total 7857

08 November 2018 THE LOW CARBON VEHICLE PARTNERSHIP Fleets by Engine Manufacturer

Engine Total No. Sum of Sum of Not Split of systems by Engine OEM OEM Engines Approved Approved

Cummins 3770 2597 1173

Volvo, 2485, 32% DAF 97 0 97

Fiat 3 0 3 Cummins, 3770, 48% MAN 250 0 250

Mercedes 448 0 448 Scania, 691, 9% n/a, 113, 1% n/a 113 0 113 Mercedes, 448, DAF, 97, 1% 6% MAN, 250, 3% Fiat, 3, 0% Scania 691 670 21

Volvo 2485 907 1578 Grand Total 7857 4174 3683

08 November 2018 THE LOW CARBON VEHICLE PARTNERSHIP English and Scottish Fleets Combined: 7,857 buses with 99% engines identified

English and Scottish Fleets - comparison of approved and not approved systems

3500 53% of fleet have approved systems Sum of Approved 3109 (4,174/7,857) 3000 Sum of Not Approved

% of Euro Standard with approved solution: 2500 19% - Euro III (2104) 58% - Euro IV 2000 68% - Euro V 1724

1500 1435 No. Buses/Coaches

1000 677 496 500 388

0 1 0 24 0 1 0 2 0 Euro I Euro II Euro II Euro III Euro IV Euro V n/a

08 November 2018 THE LOW CARBON VEHICLE PARTNERSHIP English and Scottish Fleets Combined Euro III: Engines without approved systems

700 19% Euro III systems approved 625 1724 / 2,112 buses without approved solutions 600 Volvo D7 variants is most significant with 979 buses in 500 service across UK without solution

400 Cummins ISCe 8.3 next most populous with 344 buses

No solution for any Mercedes engines across any Euro 300 260 Standard

205 200

100 84 100 77 68 57 49 44

0 D7C 250 ISCe 8.3 D7C 275 OM 904 ISCe 8.3 225PS 6BT D7C 215 ISCe 260-30 D7C MAN D0836

08 November 2018 THE LOW CARBON VEHICLE PARTNERSHIP English and Scottish Fleets Combined Euro IV: Engines without approved systems

120 111 58% Euro IV systems approved 496/ 1,173 buses without approved solutions

100 89 MAN DO836 most popular - No solutions for MAN engines 80 74 Similar models not approved as Euro III: 62 D7E, MAN 60 Potential for Euro IV and V solution for

40 Cummins ISCe 8.3 with 200+ buses 33 25

20 11 10 9 7

0 MAN D0836 ISCe 8.3 D7E 290 D7E MAN D0834 ISBe 8.9 340PS PF 9.2ltr ICBe 6.7 250ps D12 OM902

08 November 2018 THE LOW CARBON VEHICLE PARTNERSHIP English and Scottish Fleets Combined Euro V: Engines without approved systems

400 68% of Euro V have approved systems

350 342 1,435 / 4,544 buses without approved solutions

300 3 standout engine types across range of bodies without 278 solution, with clear business case for development:

250 228 Volvo D7E – 342

200 Mercedes OM 904 - 298 Cummins ISCe 8.3 – 112

150 112

100 61 46 44 50 38 32 29

0 D7E 290 OM 904 ISBe 5.9 ISCe 8.3 ISBe5 207PS MAN D0836 D7E Packard DC13 PE183C ISBe5 185PS

08 November 2018 THE LOW CARBON VEHICLE PARTNERSHIP English Fleets – 5,930 buses total

Manufacturer No. Buses Euro Standard No. Buses Different Engine Model ADL 2076 Euro II 24 7 BMC 3 DAF 2 Euro III 1399 50 Mercedes 105 Optare 413 Euro IV 968 26 Scania 534 Volvo 1338 Euro V 3537 56 Wrightbus 295 19 n/a 2 1 EAST LANCASHIRE 8 Grand Total 5930 140 10 Chassis OEMs 4793

08 November 2018 THE LOW CARBON VEHICLE PARTNERSHIP England: 140 Engine Types

Engine variants by Euro Standard

6-18 years old 0-13 years old 60 Potential ? Most potential for 56

50 50 retrofit

40

30 26

20

10 7

0 Euro II Euro III Euro IV Euro V

08 November 2018 THE LOW CARBON VEHICLE PARTNERSHIP England: Retrofit Solutions

Solutions comaprison by OEM 2000 Sum of Approved 1800 1751 Approved = 3388

1600 Not approved = 2542 Sum of Not Approved

1400

1200

1000

765 800 715 670 569 600 481 420 400 364

200 37 47 2 1 0 0 1 0 10 0 2 0 23 3 20 5 25 0 0 19 0 ADL BMC East Irizar MAN Mellor Mercedes Optare Plaxton Scania Temsa Vehixel Volvo Wrightbus Lancashire Coachcraft CB

08 November 2018 THE LOW CARBON VEHICLE PARTNERSHIP England: Where to concentrate?

Annual NOx emissions from non-approved engines (only inc. more than 50 buses) 700 • Retrofitting Euro IIIs would have biggest reduction in NOx emissions from 596 English bus fleet, however… 600 • Larger number of models and short remaining lifespan means business case unlikely to stack up in most places • Euro V buses next best place to retrofit to achieve most significant NOx 500 reduction 397 400

Total emissions from 300

Tonnes of NOx per annum annum per NOx of Tonnes equivalent number of Euro VI buses

200 144

100 68 23

0 Euro II Euro III Euro IV Euro V Euro VI 08 November 2018 THE LOW CARBON VEHICLE PARTNERSHIP Scottish Fleet: Buses operating in or near Low Emission Zones

Euro Standard No. Buses No. Engine Types Manufacturer No. Buses ADL 507 Euro I 1 1 DAF 1 Fiat 3 Euro II 1 1 MAN 4 Mercedes 26 713 17 Euro III Optare 69 Scania 108 Euro IV 205 12 Van Hool 38 VDL 10 Euro V 1007 24 Volvo 1060 Wrightbus 101 Total 1927 57 11 OEMs Total 1927

08 November 2018 THE LOW CARBON VEHICLE PARTNERSHIP Scottish Fleets by Manufacturer: 1,927 total number of buses in/near LEZ

Wrightbus, 101, 5%

ADL, 507, 26%

MAN, 4, 0% DAF, 1, 0% Fiat, 3, 0% Mercedes, 26, 1% Optare, 69, 4% Volvo, 1060, 55% Scania, 108, 6% Van Hool, 38, 2% VDL , 10, 1%

08 November 2018 THE LOW CARBON VEHICLE PARTNERSHIP Scottish Fleet: CVRAS Approved Solutions?

Scotland: Number of buses* in service with approved systems under CVRAS scheme (approved list taken from EST website) 1200 1140

1000

787 800

600

400 Number Number buses of

200

0 Approved Not Approved EST CVRAS approved systems list

08 November 2018 THE LOW CARBON VEHICLE PARTNERSHIP Most common engines in Scotland without approved retrofit system

Scotland has 1140 buses without approved retrofit systems available today: ISBe 8.9 340PS 25 Euro III: 666 ISBe 28 Packard DC13 38 Euro IV: 193 D7C 215 53 Euro V: 279 D7E 57 ISCe 260-30 57 Volvo D7C series most significant model without system totalling 490 buses – 90+% at Euro III in B7TL /B7RLE D9B 260 66 ISCe 8.3 225PS 84 Cummins ISCe series also popular model with 141 buses in service D7E 290 118 D7C 275 138 D7C 250 299

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

08 November 2018 THE LOW CARBON VEHICLE PARTNERSHIP Conclusions

• 7,857 vehicles in potential CAZ operating areas in England & Scotland • No approved solutions for 3,683 vehicles: 1,296 Euro IV & V with commercial potential to be retrofitted (more than 50 identified) • Dataset identifies 6/7 engine models with clear business case for retrofit solution development • Volvo D7 series is easy win across Euro standards, Cummins ISBCe 8.3, MAN OM904(Euro V) • Greatest NOx reduction achieved through Euro III retrofit … • Worthwhile given lifetime of vehicle? Replaced by Euro VI within next few years? • Euro V would be provide next biggest impact for NOx reduction • Next steps – collate Welsh bus fleets into dataset

08 November 2018 THE LOW CARBON VEHICLE PARTNERSHIP