Of Faith and Fasting
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Climate Change Impacts Vulnerability Adaptation
Acknowledgements The authors are deeply indebted to several individuals who made important contributions to this report. First of all, I would like to thank Mr. Majid Al Mansour Al Mansouri and Dr. Jaber Al Jaberi for their initiative in calling for this study and their continual support throughout the effort. Dr El Waleed Mohamed Hamad El Malik was instrumental in facilitating the many meetings and assisting with the acquisition of needed databases and other information. There were many individuals who provided invaluable support in obtaining the data and information needed by the models used in the study. Dr. Mohamed Dawoud provided extensive water resource information on water supply and demand that helped in the assessment about the impact of climate change on water resources. Mr. Khaldoun Kiwan, Mr. Maher Kabshawi, and Mr. Mayas Qarqaz, specialists in the Terrestrial Environmental Research Centre were very helpful in helping me to understand the types of data and information available for assessing the impact of climate change on terrestrial ecosystems in Abu Dhabi. Mr. Abdessalaam Thabit provided an essential orientation to information on marine resources and the marine environment in the Abu Dhabi region. In a study where baseline information on coastal zones, water resources and dryland ecosystems played such a crucial role, Mark Sorensen, Joseph Abdo, Anil Kumar were instrumental in orientation and access to the Environmental Agency’s environmental database under the AGEDI framework. Rashed Mohammed Amin Karkain from Dubai and Nabil Alolaqi, Sultan Zaidi, and Rashed Alkaabi from the Abu Dhabi Environmental Agency provided excellent facilitation in arranging meetings. Contributors Author William W. -
Introduction
Chapter 1 Introduction 1 Introduction to the Project This book presents a catalogue of the Islamic funerary inscriptions of Bahrain dat- ing to before 1317 AH/1900 AD (all dates are specified as either AH or AD. Where both dates are cited these are in the format AH/AD). It results from fieldwork completed between 2013 and 2015 undertaken in co-operation with the Bahraini Shiʿa Jaffaria Waqf and the Sunni Waqf authorities who provided information on the locations of relevant gravestones, personnel to participate in the recording, and ethical clear- ance and research authorisation (along with the Directorate of Archaeology and Heritage of the Bahrain Authority for Culture and Antiquities). 150 gravestones were recorded in 26 locations: in 23 cemeteries, mosques, and shrines (136 gravestones), two museums (13 gravestones), and one private house (1 gravestone) (Table 1.1; Figure 1.1). Of these, 38 gravestones were exposed through archaeological excava- tion and 106 have inscriptions. Table 1.1 Gravestone locations, abbreviations, and numbers Name Location Type Number of Gravestones Aʿali (AAL) Mosque 1 Abu Anbra (ABN) Originally urban now 50 village cemetery Abu Saiba (ABS) Village cemetery 1 Askar (ASK) Village cemetery, mosque 2 and shrine Barbar (BAR) Private house 1 Beit al-Quran (BEIT) Museum 1 Bilad al-Qadim (BAQ) Mosque 1 Daih (DAI) Village cemetery 1 Hoora (HOO) Urban cemetery 12 Hunaniyah (HUN) Urban cemetery 1 Jebelat Habshi (JBH) Village cemetery 13 Jidhafs (JID) Village cemetery 1 Jidhafs al-Imam (JAI) Village cemetery 3 Karranah -
Downloaded from Brill.Com09/30/2021 08:34:39PM Via Free Access 484 Bibliography
Bibliography Aghaie, K. S. 2004. The Martyrs of Karbala. Shi‘i Symbols and Rituals in Modern Iran. Seattle: University of Washington Press. Aghaie, K. S. 2005. Introduction: Gendered Aspects of the Emergence and Historical Development of Shi‘i Symbols and Rituals. (In), Aghaie, K. S. (ed.), The Women of Karbala. Austin: University of Texas Press, pp. 1–21. Ali, Z. 1994. Islamic Art in Southeast Asia 830 AD–1570 AD. Kuala Lumpur: Ministry of Education Malaysia. Allan, J. W. 2012. The Art and Architecture of Twelver Shi‘ism: Iraq, Iran and the Indian Sub- Continent. London: Azimuth Editions. Allan, J. W. 2013. Foreword. Anthropology of the Contemporary Middle East and Central Eurasia 1 (2): ix–xiii. Bauden, F. 2011. Inscriptions Arabes d’Éthiopie. Annales Islamologiques 45: 285–306. Belgrave, J. 1973. Welcome to Bahrain (8th edition). London: The Augustan Press. Bent, J. T. 1984 (1890). The Bahrein Islands in the Persian Gulf. Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society 12: 1–19. Reprinted in, Rice, M. (ed.), Dilmun Discovered. London: Longman, pp. 69–87. Bent, M. V. (Brisch, G. [ed.]). 2010. The Travel Chronicles of Mrs J. Theodore Bent. Volume III: Southern Arabia and Persia. Oxford: Archaeopress. Betteridge, A. H. 1992. Specialists in Miraculous Action: Some Shrines in Shiraz. (In), Morinis, A. (ed.), Sacred Journeys. The Anthropology of Pilgrimage. Westport: Greenwood Press, pp. 189–209. Bibby, G. 1996. Looking for Dilmun. London: Stacey International. Bittar, T. 2003. Pierres et Stucs Épigraphiés. Paris: Réunions des Musées Nationaux. Blair, S. 1998. Islamic Inscriptions. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Boucharlat, R., and Salles, J-F. -
Copyrighted Material
Index Note: page numbers in italics refer to figures, those in bold refer to tables Abu Al Abyad (Abu Dhabi, UAE) cyanobacterial mats 22–3, 47–8, evaporative-pumping barrier island 71 85 model 245–6, 252 coral reefs 65–6 depositional environments 93, geomorphology 209 Abu Dhabi (UAE) 1–2, 3, 4–8 209–12 Holocene age sediments 247 algal mangrove flats 224 dolomite 27 Holocene age sediments barrier islands 20, 21, 22–3, 46, dunes 223 organic matter 48–9, 50, 51, 52, 208 early Holocene sediments 48 distribution 277–97 sabkha 71 evaporite distribution 177 Holocene barriers 271–2 sediment accumulation facies 93 Holocene coastal gypsum and 222–3 geology 222–4 anhydrite 268, 269 beaches 223 gypsum 29 Holocene coastal halite carbonate muds 22, 47–8 Holocene 101–2, 103, 104–5, accumulations/ carbonate sediment engineering 106, 107 salinas 267–8 properties 221–40 carbonates 205–17 hydrogeological chemical 229–32, 233, 234–9 geomorphology 45–86 framework 246–53 engineering intertidal flats 224 microbial mats 295–6 considerations 239–40 intertidal sediment organic mixing with aquifer 251, 252 engineering description/ matter accumulation organic matter classification 224–5, 296 distribution 294–6 226–7, 227–9 lagoons 21, 22–3, 46, 48–9, 50, rainfall events 251 geotechnical 229–32, 233, 51, 52, 92, 208–9 sea-level change impact on 234–9 carbonate sediment ramp margin site data 231–2, 233, 234–9 accumulation 222–3, deposition 89–108 terminology 241–2 223–4 seawater flooding model 245 carbonates mainland coastal plain 209 seawater trapping 246 cementation 23–4 -
Of Abu Dhabi Emirate, United Arab Emirates MARINE and COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS of ABU DHABI EMIRATE, UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
of Abu Dhabi Emirate, United Arab Emirates MARINE AND COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS OF ABU DHABI EMIRATE, UNITED ARAB EMIRATES Page . II of Abu Dhabi Emirate, United Arab Emirates Page . III MARINE AND COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS OF ABU DHABI EMIRATE, UNITED ARAB EMIRATES Page . IV MARINE AND COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS OF ABU DHABI EMIRATE, UNITED ARAB EMIRATES H. H. Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan President of the United Arab Emirates Page . V MARINE AND COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS OF ABU DHABI EMIRATE, UNITED ARAB EMIRATES Page . VI MARINE AND COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS OF ABU DHABI EMIRATE, UNITED ARAB EMIRATES H. H. Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi, Deputy Supreme Commander of the UAE Armed Forces Page . VII MARINE AND COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS OF ABU DHABI EMIRATE, UNITED ARAB EMIRATES Page . VIII MARINE AND COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS OF ABU DHABI EMIRATE, UNITED ARAB EMIRATES H. H. Sheikh Hamdan bin Zayed Al Nahyan Deputy Prime Minister Page . IX MARINE AND COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS OF ABU DHABI EMIRATE, UNITED ARAB EMIRATES s\*?*c*i]j6.%;M"%&9+~)#"$*&ENL`\&]j6. =';78G=%1?%&'12= !"##$" 9<8*TPEg-782#,On%O)6=]KL %&'( )*+,-. 2#,On#X%3G=FON&$4#*.%&9+~)#"$*&XNL %?)#$*&E, &]1TL%&9+%?)':5=&4O`(.#`g-78 %!/ اﻷوراق اﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﻴﺔ fJT=V-=>?#Fk9+*#$'&= /%*?%=*<(/8>OhT7.F 012(.%34#56.%-78&9+:;(<=>=?%@8'-/ABC $L#01i%;1&&!580.9,q@EN(c D)=EF%3G&H#I7='J=:KL)'MD*7.%&'-(8=';78G=NO D)$8P#"%;QI8ABCRI7S;<#D*T(8%.I7)=U%#$#VW'.X JG&Bls`ItuefJ%27=PE%u%;QI8)aEFD)$8%7iI=H*L YZZ[\&F]17^)#G=%;/;!N_-LNL`%3;%87VW'.X NL]17~Is%1=fq-L4"#%;M"~)#"G=,|2OJ*c*TLNLV(ItuG= )aE0@##`%;Kb&9+*c*T(`d_-8efJG=g-78012 -
Louvre Abu Dhabi Tells the Story of Luxury Over 10,000 Years Through Couture Fashion, Art, Jewellery, Design and More
Official Sponsor Press Release Louvre Abu Dhabi Tells the Story of Luxury over 10,000 Years through Couture Fashion, Art, Jewellery, Design and More Abu Dhabi, 27 October 2019: This Wednesday, Louvre Abu Dhabi opens the first comprehensive exhibition on the history of luxury in the world. Running from 30 October 2019 to 18 February 2020, 10,000 Years of Luxury will explore the multifaceted nature of luxury from ancient times to the present day. Visitors will explore luxury through fashion, Jewellery, visual art, furniture and design with masterpieces from the collections of international institutions and brands. Highlights among the 350 obJects include the oldest pearl in the world, the renowned Boscoreale Treasure – one of the largest collections of silverware preserved from Roman Antiquity – and dresses and Jewellery from design houses such as Cartier, Maison Van Cleef & Arpels, CHANEL, Christian Dior, ELIE SAAB and Yves Saint Laurent. The second exhibition in the museum’s current season Changing Societies, 10,000 Years of Luxury is organised by Louvre Abu Dhabi, Musée des Arts Décoratifs in Paris and Agence France-Muséums, and sponsored by Tryano, the only luxury department store in Abu Dhabi. Curated by Olivier Gabet, Director of Musée des Arts Décoratifs, the exhibition draws primarily from the collection of the Musée des Arts Décoratifs and other French, international and local institutions. It also displays works from Louvre Abu Dhabi’s collection and offers a rare chance to evaluate our ever-changing fascination with luxury. Manuel Rabaté, Director of Louvre Abu Dhabi, said: “Our Winter exhibition explores the fascinating concept of Luxury through a long lens, contextualising objects across time and culture to illuminate evolving notions of beauty, wealth and value. -
Cultural Diffusion and Its Impact on Heritage Representation in the Kingdom of Bahrain Pierre Lombard, Nadine Boksmati-Fattouh
Cultural Diffusion and its Impact on Heritage Representation in the Kingdom of Bahrain Pierre Lombard, Nadine Boksmati-Fattouh To cite this version: Pierre Lombard, Nadine Boksmati-Fattouh. Cultural Diffusion and its Impact on Heritage Represen- tation in the Kingdom of Bahrain. Sarina Wakefield. Museums of the Arabian Peninsula: Histori- cal Developments and Contemporary Discourses, Routledge, pp.85-104, 2020, 9780367148447. hal- 03102461 HAL Id: hal-03102461 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03102461 Submitted on 7 Jan 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. [published in Sarina Wakefield (ed.), 2021, Museums of the Arabian Peninsula: Historical Developments and Contemporary Discourses, Abingdon/Oxford: Routledge, pp. 85-104] Chapter 6: Cultural Diffusion and its Impact on Heritage Representation in the Kingdom of Bahrain Pierre Lombard and Nadine Boksmati-Fattouh http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8452-0630 (Pierre Lombard) https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5020-5264 (Nadine Boksmati-Fattouh) Abstract Bahrain’s rich past was documented in varied explorers’ accounts as early as the 19th century. However, local awareness of the significance of Bahrain’s heritage burgeoned in the 1950s following the Moesgård Danish archaeological expedition seminal findings, which revealed concrete evidence of the flourishing of the civilisation of Dilmun on ancient Bahrain. -
Th ADIAS Occasional Newsletter May 2004 No
Th ADIAS Occasional Newsletter May 2004 No. 4 – 2003-2004 Season Abu Dhabi Islands Archaeological Survey (ADIAS), Patron: HH Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan P.O. Box 45553, Abu Dhabi, U.A.E. Tel: +9712 6934515 – Fax: +9712 6810008 Email: [email protected] Web: www.adias-uae.com More work on 7000 year old settlement on Marawah Island View of Room 1 at MR11 Pottery vessel from MR11 The highlight of the recently-completed Derek Moscrop from Birmingham Archaeology ADIAS season was further work at the 7000 Unit. Dr Heiko Kallweit (University of year-old village on Marawah. This has the Freiburg, Germany) joined us to study the best-preserved and most sophisticated lithic (stone tool) finds. buildings of Neolithic date that have so far The aims of this second season were to been discovered anywhere in Eastern Arabia. undertake detailed mapping and to continue The significance of the site, allocated the site excavations on a building complex in Area A. code MR-11, was first recognised last year. Among finds this spring were a human THE BUILDING STRUCTURE skeleton, the earliest inhabitant of Abu Dhabi so far discovered, as well as the most The building has proved to be a very complete Neolithic pottery vessel ever found interesting multi-phase building dating to the in the UAE (above right). Neolithic period. Two radiocarbon dates from The MR11 season lasted from 3rd March to 3rd the site suggest that the site was in use at April. Excavations were directed by Dr Mark least 6500 to 7000 years ago (see the Beech (our ADIAS Senior Resident January 2004 newsletter for details). -
Politics of Citizenship
From Citizen to Non-Existent A Study of Bahrain’s Politics of Citizenship Zeineb Alsabeehg Master’s Thesis in Political Science Spring 2017 Word Count: 35,273 II From Citizen to Non-Existent When a Bahraini has his citizenship revoked, he has no right in life. When you make him stateless, you have ripped him from his roots. You made no existence for him in the country he is in. It is like you have executed him civilly. It is a civil execution. – Author interview with a Bahraini whose citizenship has been revoked by the authorities in Bahrain. III © Zeineb Alsabeehg 2017 From Citizen to Non-Existent. A Study of Bahrain’s Politics of Citizenship Zeineb Alsabeehg http://www.duo.uio.no/ Print: Reprosentralen, University of Oslo IV Abstract In 2011, Bahrain was one of the Arab countries which were affected by mass-scale protests. Since then, the public dissatisfaction with the political system, which was the underlying cause for the eruption of the Bahraini uprising, has not been alleviated. Instead, the relationship between the ruler and the ruled has deteriorated on several accounts. This thesis examines the relationship between the state and the citizens in Bahrain. It addresses the authorities’ politics of citizenship; that is, how they regulate the state-citizen relationship. The situation in five arenas is described. These arenas are related to (1) education, (2) employment, (3) religious freedom and cultural rights, (4) access to citizenship and, to a lesser extent, (5) access to political participation. Particular attention is paid to how the public policies result in differentiated citizenship, in which different citizen statuses are attached to different groups in society. -
THE ANGLO-OMANI SOCIETY REVIEW 2019 W&S Anglo-Omani-2019-Issue.Indd 1
REVIEW 2019 THE ANGLO-OMANI SOCIETY THE ANGLO-OMANI SOCIETY REVIEW 2019 WWW.WILLIAMANDSON.COM THE PERFECT DESTINATION FOR TOWN & COUNTRY LIVING W&S_Anglo-Omani-2019-Issue.indd 1 19/08/2019 11:51 COVER PHOTO: REVIEW 2019 Jokha Alharthi, winner of the Man Booker International Prize WWW.WILLIAMANDSON.COM THE ANGLO-OMANI SOCIETY CONTENTS 6 CHAIRMAN’S OVERVIEW 62 CHINA’S BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE 9 NEW WEBSITE FOR THE SOCIETY 64 OMAN AND THE MIDDLE EAST INFRASTRUCTURE BOOM 10 JOKHA ALHARTHI AWARDED THE MAN BOOKER INTERNATIONAL PRIZE 66 THE GULF RESEARCH MEETING AT CAMBRIDGE 13 OLLIE BLAKE’S WEDDING IN CANADA 68 OMAN AND ITS NEIGHBOURS 14 HIGH-LEVEL PARLIAMENTARY EXCHANGES 69 5G NATIONAL WORKING GROUP VISIT TO UK 16 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OMANI- 70 OBBC AND OMAN’S VISION 2040 BRITISH RELATIONS IN THE 19TH CENTURY 72 GHAZEER – KHAZZAN PHASE 2 18 ARAB WOMEN AWARD FOR OMANI FORMER MINISTER 74 OLD MUSCAT 20 JOHN CARBIS – OMAN EXPERIENCE 76 OMANI BRITISH LAWYERS ASSOCIATION ANNUAL LONDON RECEPTION 23 THE WORLD’S OLDEST MARINER’S ASTROLABE 77 LONDON ORGAN RECITAL 26 OMAN’S NATURAL HERITAGE LECTURE 2018 79 OUTWARD BOUND OMAN 30 BATS, RODENTS AND SHREWS OF DHOFAR 82 ANGLO-OMANI LUNCHEON 2018 84 WOMEN’S VOICES – THE SOCIETY’S PROGRAMME FOR NEXT YEAR 86 ARABIC LANGUAGE SCHEME 90 GAP YEAR SCHEME REPORT 93 THE SOCIETY’S GRANT SCHEME 94 YOUNG OMANI TEACHERS VISIT BRITISH SCHOOLS 34 ISLANDS IN THE DESERT 96 UNLOCKING THE POTENTIAL OF OMAN’S YOUTH 40 THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF EARLY ISLAM IN OMAN 98 NGG DELEGATION – THE NUDGE FACTOR 44 MILITANT JIHADIST POETRY -
Terrestrial Environment of Abu Dhabi Emirate, United Arab Emirates
of Abu Dhabi Emirate, United Arab Emirates TERRESTRIAL ENVIRONMENTS OF ABU DHABI EMIRATE, UNITED ARAB EMIRATES of Abu Dhabi Emirate, United Arab Emirates TERRESTRIAL ENVIRONMENTS OF ABU DHABI EMIRATE, UNITED ARAB EMIRATES Page . IV TERRESTRIAL ENVIRONMENTS OF ABU DHABI EMIRATE, UNITED ARAB EMIRATES H. H. Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan President of the United Arab Emirates Page . V TERRESTRIAL ENVIRONMENTS OF ABU DHABI EMIRATE, UNITED ARAB EMIRATES Page . VI TERRESTRIAL ENVIRONMENTS OF ABU DHABI EMIRATE, UNITED ARAB EMIRATES H. H. Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi, Deputy Supreme Commander of the UAE Armed Forces Page . VII TERRESTRIAL ENVIRONMENTS OF ABU DHABI EMIRATE, UNITED ARAB EMIRATES Page . VIII TERRESTRIAL ENVIRONMENTS OF ABU DHABI EMIRATE, UNITED ARAB EMIRATES H. H. Sheikh Hamdan bin Zayed Al Nahyan Deputy Prime Minister, Chairman, EAD Page . IX TERRESTRIAL ENVIRONMENTS OF ABU DHABI EMIRATE, UNITED ARAB EMIRATES · اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت · ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎم، ﺗﻢ إﻋﺪاد اﻷوراق اﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﻴﺔ اﻷﺻﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻗﺪم ﻓﻴﻬﺎ · اﻷدوات واﻷﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ اﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت · اﻟﺘﻮﻋﻴﺔ · مل ﺗﺼﻞ ﻣﺸﺎرﻛﺔ اﻟﴩﻛﺎء واﻟﺠﻬﺎت اﳌﻌﻨﻴني إﱃ اﻟﺤﺪ اﳌﺨﻄﻂ ﻟﻪ · ﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﻘﺪرات · ﺗﻢ أﻋﺪاد اﻷوراق اﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺑﺪون دﻋﻢ ﻛﺎﰲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻬﻴﺌﺔ أو اﻟﴩﻛﺎء واﻟﺠﻬﺎت ·اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ اﳌﻌﻨﻴني، وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ، ﻛﺎن ﻋﲆ ﻣﺆﻟﻒ اﻟﻮرﻗﺔ اﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻋﺐء إﻋﺪاد ورﻗﺔ اﻷوراق اﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﻄﺎع ﰲ وﻗﺖ زﻣﻨﻲ ﻣﺤﺪود ﻧﻮﻋﺎ ﻣﺎ · ﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺤﺎﻻت ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻗﺪميﺔ ﻧﺴﺒﻴﺎ ﺧﻼل اﻟﺴﻨﻮات اﳌﺎﺿﻴﺔ ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎت اﳌﻌﻨﻴﺔ ﺑﺸﺆون اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺑﺘﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻛﻢ ﻣﻦ اﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﳌﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﺑﻌﺪة ﺻﻮر ﺗﺼﻒ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻌﺮوف ﻋﻦ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﰲ إﻣﺎرة · مل ﻳﺘﻢ إﺿﻔﺎء اﻟﻄﺎﺑﻊ اﳌﺆﺳﴘ ﻋﲆ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺟﻤﻊ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت وﺗﺒﺎدﻟﻬﺎ أﺑﻮﻇﺒﻲ ودوﻟﺔ اﻹﻣﺎرات اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﳌﺘﺤﺪة واﻟﺨﻠﻴﺞ اﻟﻌﺮيب. -
ال سنة الثانية • العدد الثالث • يونيو 2010 Journal of the National Center
ال�سنة الثانية • العدد الثالث • يونيو 2010 LiwaJournal of the National Center for Documentation & Research جملة علمية ّحمكمة ي�صدرها املركز الوطني للوثائق والبحوث Volume 2 • Number 3 • June 2010 3 • June 2 • Number Volume Volume 2 • Number 3 • June 2010 ال�سنة الثانية • العدد الثالث • يونيو 2010 ISSN 1729-9039 ISSN 1729-9039 Liwa Liwa Journal of the National Center for Documentation & Research (NCDR) جملة علمية ّحمكمة ي�صدرها املركز الوطني للوثائق والبحوث Editor-In-Chief رئي�س التحرير Dr. Abdulla El Reyes Director General of the National Center for Documentation and Research د. عبد اهلل الري�س املدير العام للمركز الوطني للوثائق والبحوث Managing Editor Advisory Board Dr. L. Usra Soffan H.E. Zaki Anwar Nusseibeh مديرة التحرير الهيئة اﻻ�ست�سارية Adviser in the Ministry of Presidential Affairs, Deputy Chairman د. ي�رسى �سوفان Editorial Board of Abu Dhabi Authority for Culture and Heritage (ADACH) and �سعادة زكي اأنور ن�سيبة Board Member of National Center for Documentation & Research م�ست�سار وزارة �سوؤون الرئا�سة، ونائب رئي�س هيئة اأبوظبي للثقافة والرتاث، وع�سو جمل�س Dr. Jayanti Maitra اإدارة املركز الوطني للوثائق والبحوث Dr. Abdalla Mansy Omari Prof. Mustafa Aqil al- Khatib هيئة التحرير Dr. Aisha Bilkhair Professor of Modern History-Qatar University د. جوينتي مايرتا اأ. د. م�سطفى عقيل اخلطيب Mr. Ali Darwish Imran Dr. John E. Peterson د. عبد اهلل من�سي العمري اأ�ستاذ التاريخ احلديث - جامعة قطر Historian and Political Analyst د. عائ�سة باخلري د. جون بيرت�سون Editorial Secretary Dr. Muhammad Sa’ad al- Muqaddam موؤرخ وحملل �سيا�سي Sharifa Al Faheem Assistant Professor of Modern History علي دروي�س عمران Sultan Qaboos University د.