DODD-WALLS CENTRE FOR PHOTONIC AND QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES

2018 ANNUAL REPORT Cover image: Science wānanga participants on the Takitimu (Waihīrere) marae, Wairoa. TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction 1 Report from the Chair 2 Report from the Director 4 Dodd-Walls Centre research fellowships: Introducing three rising stars 6 DWC research-impacted technologies 15 Research themes and highlights 16 2018 research highlights 18 DWC research excellence 30 Nurturing diversity 35 Educational and public outreach 38 Industry activities 48 Strategic outcomes 54 Value creation in the Dodd-Walls Centre 56 Communicating with metaphors 57 Facts and figures 59 Finances 61 Members, governance and management 62 Organisational and committee structure of the Dodd-Walls Centre 70 2018 Peer-reviewed journal publications 74 PhD Student Sonia Mobassem making adjustments to her research apparatus. INTRODUCTION

New Zealand’s Dodd-Walls Centre is a national Centre of Research Excellence involving six universities and is administratively hosted by the University of Otago. Our research focuses on New Zealand’s acknowledged strength in the fields of precision atomic and quantum optical physics, and sensing applications ranging from the size of single atoms to crustal-scale geologic features such as the Alpine Fault. Our research explores the limits of control and measurement at the atomic scale through the use of laser light, the generation and manipulation of light at its most fundamental, quantum level and the processing and physical nature of information in this quantum realm. Our name honours two New Zealand pioneers in these fields. Jack Dodd (1922–2005), known for the first experiments of the quantum beat phenomenon and the theoretical explanation, and Dan Walls (1942–1999) who was accomplished across quantum optics, biophotonics, optical bistability, and was active in the field of Bose-Einstein condensation.

Our Mission is Host University • to create a research centre that is recognised as one of the world’s leading organisations in the field of photonic and quantum technologies; • to build upon the acknowledged strength of New Zealand in the areas of non-linear and quantum optics and precision atomic physics; • to train and develop skilled staff and students to the highest international standards; • to help develop the high-tech industry sector, thus ensuring economic growth and continued career pathways in New Zealand.

Collaborating Partners Tertiary Partners University of Otago (Host Institution), The University of Auckland, Massey University, University of Canterbury, Victoria University of Wellington, and The University of Waikato. Non-Tertiary Partners Callaghan Innovation, Southern Photonics, Otago Museum, Auckland UniServices Limited, and Otago Innovation Limited. International Partners Centre for Quantum Technologies, Singapore; Fraunhofer Centre for Applied Photonics and the University of Strathclyde, U.K., the Joint Quantum Institute, USA, and the University of Science and Technology, Anhui, China.

1 REPORT FROM THE CHAIR

It is an extraordinary privilege to be asked to chair This increase in collaboration would not have occurred a centre comprising as many brilliant minds as the without the funding provided to the CoRE. It funds Dodd-Walls Centre. This annual report describes Monthly seminars across all themes. These seminars the scarcely imaginable intellectual ambition of well are video-linked. The presenters are encouraged to over one hundred highly gifted researchers, selected go to another centre (e.g. Auckland research will be because they are amongst the very brightest of presented in Otago) and visit other labs as part of the their generation, all here in New Zealand studying process. Students particularly are encouraged to visit internationally important challenges in modern other labs, and build collaborations. The TEC funding physics. Whether just starting their careers or now is also used to sponsor an annual symposium filled at a mature phase, their objective is to take human with opportunities to mingle and discuss work, as understanding of the world around us further than well as fund Workshops for students – e.g. KiwiNet has been achieved by any other individual working commercialisation workshops, and our own in-house anywhere or at any time hitherto. I can imagine entrepreneurship workshops – all of which encourages no better example of their achievement than the collaboration and interaction between students. stunning discovery by Howard Carmichael described The TEC funding is also applied to leverage public in this year’s highlights. He has helped predict and outcomes from the research – be this outreach demonstrate that changes in the quantum states activity or engagement with industry. Isolated of matter are not instantaneous, but happen very academics have few incentives to explore the quickly and smoothly in real time. This is “big physics” commercial implications of their research. But within of global significance. the CoRE we use the TEC funding to encourage The role of a Governance Board in a Centre of this entrepreneurial engagement with business. We nature is to help the Director create a more cohesive have used the funding to create a grant pool for infrastructure of support and encouragement so as to developing new ideas and directions where a bring out synergies and collaboration which enable premium is placed upon collaborative ideas. The individuals to excel. We must ensure that the funding Dodd-Walls Centre was first to create an Industry support provided by the TEC is applied prudently to Advisory Board alongside our Science Advisory Board. create outcomes from the collective which would not A direct result of their advice this year was the use occur if the individual academics involved just worked of some of our discretionary TEC funding to employ alone in their own Institutions. a Business Development Manager to help build our relationships with Industry. DWC events are taken The evolution of the Centre has seen a growth in seriously by industry. Working with us produces not only the number of joint publications, but also results. This is because the DWC provides a clear point the number of joint research proposals. Many of of call for harnessing the best team in New Zealand these are cross-institutional – e.g. Keith Gordon in for anything to do with light, photonics and precision Chemistry at Otago collaborates with Frederique measurement. If we can’t do it, we know the man Vanholsbeek and Kasper van Wijk in Physics at or woman that can. The DWC has set aggressive Auckland on an applied project for the meat industry milestones for its engagement with industry. These – but other collaborations and connections have been milestones have all been met and we are confident formed in unexpected places. For example, although that we will deliver the minimum of 500% return only a stairwell away, Bernd Krauskopf (Maths) and on investment after ten years we promised in our Neil Broderick (Physics) only found common research founding CoRE bid document. Our collaboration interests through the Centre. In 2018 they published with the NZ meat industry on assessment of meat three papers together. Other examples include cross- quality should deliver this on its own. Significantly CoRE collaboration in neuroscience (e.g. Cheyne, this collaboration could not exist without the CoRE. Broderick and Vanholsbeek). The collaborative team that was set up to solve this

2 problem of how to assess meat quality took the best researchers in New Zealand, with an aim of identifying the best technique to assess meat quality whilst still on the meat chain. No individual technique was a priori preferred. No individual team had a vested interest in making sure their technique worked. The CoRE was able to assess what would potentially work best in a commercial environment, then drop the techniques that weren’t efficient, accurate or cost effective. The Centre also gave a shop front with which the meat industry could engage, rather than individual researchers offering individual solutions. As well as working with established NZ industries, we are using the TEC funding to encourage entrepreneurship based on research within the Centre. This is nowhere better exemplified than in the efforts of DWC Principal Investigator, Professor Cather Simpson, who has taken her light based technology company, Engender Technologies, from inception to acquisition this year. Her technology uses laser light to determine the sex of bull sperm so enabling sperm selection to avoid the creation of bobby calves. This promises to create huge efficiency and animal welfare gains in the NZ beef industry, and Cather having now raised over $20M of new funding is currently helping the new owners with commercialisation. The Governance Board has also supported the CoRE Director, Professor Hutchinson, to address strategic issues relevant to the CoRE’s main research such as the coming quantum age. In Europe and the United States, and increasingly, China, Governments are making huge investments in the development of quantum technology. A driver in the UK, especially, has been to develop sovereign capability. It is important that NZ does likewise so that we can harness the new technology for niche applications in which we can excel. The Dodd-Walls strength in this area was highlighted by the visit from Centre for Quantum Technologies (Singapore) Director, Artur Ekert, in May. Ekert, also a Fellow of Merton College, Oxford, visited the Dodd-Walls Centre giving a public lecture at the Otago Museum, as well as speaking at an event hosted by the Hon Dr Megan Woods in the Grand Hall of Parliament. This event was attended by senior members of defence, intelligence and the banking sectors and focussed on the role of future quantum technology in cryptography and the security of our information – and money. The Dodd- Walls Centre isn’t only important in supporting our current growing high-tech sector, it’s essential for our future prosperity and security. G.A. CARNABY | FEBRUARY 28, 2019

3 REPORT FROM THE DIRECTOR

Within the Dodd-Walls Centre we are ever mindful Review Letters, the flagship journal in physics. Since that our CoRE funding comes from the Tertiary our first entry in to the top 10 in the Nature Index Education Commission and is hence part of the assessment of research impact in 2016, we have risen Vote Education budget rather than Vote Business, as an institution to 8th place in New Zealand in an Science and Innovation, from where the majority assessment that includes all universities and CRIs, of our other external research income (through the with the Dodd-Walls Centre the leading New Zealand MBIE Endeavour and Marsden Funds) comes. It is contributor in the Physical Sciences according to therefore important to note that nearly 60% of the this measure. We also attract a constant stream of members of the Dodd-Walls Centre are postgraduate high profile international visitors – examples from students, with a total of 138 students. This is the 2018 include Artur Ekert (Director of the Centre for highest number since the inception of the Centre. Quantum Technologies in Singapore and a Fellow of Perhaps more importantly, when we now look at Merton College, Oxford) and Gerd Leuchs (Director the destinations of our graduating students, more of the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light than half of them are going on to be employed in in Germany). The Dodd-Walls Centre, through the New Zealand (22 out of 41 graduating in 2018). This aggregation of excellent individuals, its promotion of percentage and total number keeps growing year collaboration, and its ability to support longer-term on year – compare with 2015 when only 7 out of a research vision, resulting in higher profile research total of 31 graduating students were employed in impacts, therefore can project on a world stage, New Zealand. This is a direct effect of the Centre and which in turn allows us to offer exciting opportunities the Centre’s active engagement with New Zealand for our home-grown students and also attract some industry. It is also a reflection of the additional of the best and brightest from around the world. activities available to DWC students. We provide Promoting and supporting the ambitions of New them with access to courses, either in-house or Zealand born students is obviously wonderful, through partnerships, such as in entrepreneurship but there is also huge benefit economically from and how to commercialise an idea, as well as attracting and supporting overseas talent. A PhD individually tailored career advice, exposing students scholarship for the duration of the students’ study to a world of opportunity outside academia. As New costs around $100k. MBIE data suggests around Zealand’s economy diversifies – a diversification we half international PhD students remain in NZ after work hard to support – the need for more and more graduating. That means for, on average, $200k we highly numerate, highly skilled, problem-solving produce a new doctoral-level educated New Zealand graduates will only grow and grow. The premium citizen. Given the clear need demonstrated above, placed on these graduates by industry can be seen this is a huge economic boon for New Zealand. in the figure from the Waikato Business School’s But let us return to our home-grown students. report on graduate remuneration reproduced on Studying in the physical sciences is essentially a page 49. This has only intensified in the past decade guarantee of employment and translates in to an and has been reiterated by more recent studies from economic premium in terms of total career income. Universities New Zealand. It is therefore essential for This message is not well conveyed to the public and New Zealand’s economic wellbeing that we continue is certainly not well understood in the context of to train these absolutely world class students. families who have perhaps never engaged with tertiary In general though, our students don’t undertake education. I was the first in my family to remain in gruelling PhDs because of the career opportunities education past the age of 15. I was incredibly lucky that await them afterwards. Their motivation is with the supportive family I had and the value they the science. And the science here is fantastic. Our placed upon education and my passion for science Centre is a world player in terms of quantum physics – a passion that was nurtured by them and by good and photonics. In 2018 we published more papers teachers. One of my earliest memories of science than ever before, including more than ten papers is from a visit to the Natural History Museum and in the Nature group of publications or Physical the Science Museum with my father. Museums, as

4 institutions of informal learning, are so valuable. I am therefore very proud of what we have achieved through the Dodd-Walls Centre by taking the unique initiative of partnering with the museum sector. Our education outreach programme is highly featured in this year’s annual report. In 2018 we engaged in nearly 100 education outreach events in which literally tens of thousands of our rangatahi participated. This does not include passive events like individual talks by our members. Our partnership with the Otago Museum has been incredibly fruitful and rewarding and our partnership with the Museum of Transport and Technology (MOTAT) in Auckland goes from strength to strength. In May 2019 we open our travelling exhibition, Mighty Small, Mighty Bright, showcasing, in partnership with the MacDiarmid Institute, technology coming from our Centres and the science behind those innovations, at MOTAT on 16th May – the UNESCO International Day of Light. Come and join us! The joy of sharing the stories behind our science and the thrill of understanding runs through the heart of our Centre. Inspiring the next generation of scientists, creating wealth for our under-represented communities, is a central driver for what we do. A keystone of our outreach programme is our support of the marae-based Science Wānanga programme. The days spent on the marae as part of these wānanga can be life changing. Not just for the students. With 70% of our staff coming from overseas and many of our students never having set foot on a marae, education runs both ways. As important as any knowledge gained as to how physical sciences can help our understanding of water quality, or help manage our agriculture or what careers you might have through studying physics, is the experience and understanding of māoritanga that our staff and students gain. Personally, I will never forget any of my wānanga across the North and South Island and time spent at Kōpinga Marae on Chatham Island. Showcasing the benefit of science for our society, our people and, especially, our under- represented groups is something that our Centre can really drive. Our work in New Zealand has been truly wonderful, but its impact has taken us even further afield. 2018 saw us take our outreach in to the wider Pacific. In partnership with the Otago Museum’s MBIE Unlocking Curious Minds project Far from frozen, 2018 saw the Dodd-Walls Centre send education outreach programmes to Niue and the Cook Islands thanks to generous support from Air New Zealand and the US Embassy. With further thanks to MFAT this will be extended to Tonga, Samoa and Fiji in 2019. Supporting science education for our Pasifika population in their homes will enhance the opportunities they have. Many of our Pacific cousins will find New Zealand in their future. By helping create interest and opportunities in these communities, we support potential beneficial outcomes here, back in New Zealand. We carry through this engagement to the communities here – for example in 2020 we are delighted to be taking our outreach team and Lab in a Box to Polyfest for the first time. The Dodd-Walls Centre does great science. It’s a given. It does what it says on the tin – it’s a Centre of Research Excellence. What makes the Dodd-Walls Centre special, the value it adds, comes through the relationships it fosters: relationships between academia and museums; our relationship with New Zealand’s growing high-tech industry sector; relationships between students and academics and our communities; collaborative relationships between researchers in the Centre and those relationships with researchers in different institutions and overseas. As always, what’s important? He tangata, he tangata, he tangata. DAVID HUTCHINSON | FEBRUARY 28, 2019

5 DODD-WALLS CENTRE RESEARCH FELLOWSHIPS: INTRODUCING THREE RISING STARS

Making the leap from postgraduate and postdoctoral research to a permanent position is one of the hardest challenges in a scientific career. It’s a catch-22 situation. Employers want evidence that applicants can work independently and have teaching experience. But often the only way to achieve those things is in a position that is not ‘research only’. The Dodd-Walls Centre’s Research Fellowships offer support to young scientists at this crucial stage. The recipients get freedom, independence and funding to pursue their own ideas, establish independent collaborations, teach and ultimately forge a path of their own. This section introduces you to three rising stars who recently began their research fellowships.

The Agnes Blackie Memorial Fellowship: Inspiring Global Service and Diversity in Science “ IT WAS A GREAT HONOUR TO Agnes Blackie was the first female physics lecturer in New RECEIVE THE FELLOWSHIP. Zealand. She was almost certainly the Southern Hemisphere’s the only female physics academic when appointed to the faculty of FROM WHAT I’VE LEARNT the University of Otago’s Physics Department. ABOUT AGNES BLACKIE I Encouraged by her mother to attend university, Agnes fell in love FIND HER VERY INSPIRING.” with Physics as an undergraduate and throughout her life she followed its development with intense interest. She once said DR JAMI SHEPHERD “it’s like chasing an express train to keep up with it.”

Image of Agnes Blackie in a lecture theatre, c/nE5302/NA, Hocken Collections, Uare Taoka o Hakena, University of Otago.

6 She was first appointed assistant lecturer in 1919 and from then until her retirement in 1958, she dedicated herself to her students. An inspired and inspiring teacher, she enlivened her lectures with demonstrations and took a special interest in those who were struggling. She taught a range of students in addition to those specialising in physics and many a future doctor and dentist thanked her for getting them through their compulsory physics course. In her early days she had to endure considerable teasing when teaching students older than her including returned servicemen. “ THE INVESTIGATORS IN Understanding the challenges of being a woman in Physics she THE CORE ARE REALLY took special care of her female students inviting them all to tea at ENTHUSIASTIC SO IT’S FUN her home on Sunday afternoons. TO BE ABLE TO BOUNCE She played an active role in the women’s faculty, which had its own common room and provided support and social gatherings IDEAS OFF THEM. HAVING for women across campus. She was also an early supporter THE DODD-WALLS CENTRE’S of the International Club often hosting international students in her home. She was concerned for the quality of student SUPPORT AS A RELATIVELY accommodation and took a lead role in improving conditions. YOUNG INVESTIGATOR IS We are delighted to be able to honour Agnes Blackie (1897-1975) THE BIGGEST THING.” with the naming of this fellowship. DR JAMI SHEPHERD The inaugural Agnes Blackie Memorial Research Fellowship was awarded on the 100th anniversary of Agnes Blackie’s appointment as first female physics lecturer in New Zealand. The recipient, Jami Shepherd (Johnson), is a gifted physicist with a focus on service and encouraging diversity in physics - a woman after Agnes’s own heart. “It was a great honour to receive the fellowship,” Jami says. “From what I’ve learnt about Agnes Blackie I find her very inspiring. One of her main goals was to inspire students and she thought Physics was the best way to do that. You can teach them about the fundamentals of what they see every day but also, about the universe which is so far away from us and then the most tiny molecules and atoms that you can’t even see.”

7 Developing new medical techniques for bone health

Originally from the USA, Jami first came to The alongside and collaborating closely with Kasper Van University of Auckland over four years ago to do her Wijk and his team in the Physical Acoustics Laboratory PhD with Dodd-Walls Centre Principal Investigator, at The University of Auckland. Her project will continue Kasper Van Wijk. During her PhD she developed the focus on imaging blood-flow within bones. a new non-invasive medical technique using a “There are tiny veins and arteries that run through combination of laser light and ultrasound to generate our bones,” Jami explains. “It’s really important to be images of arteries that could be used to screen for able to monitor blood flow through them because risk of strokes. Her project, featured in the 2017 the health of our bones depends on it. Blood flow annual report, was a great success. Since then, she brings in nutrients, keeps our bones strong and has been working as a postdoc at the Sorbonne allows them to heal from fractures.” Université in Paris developing ultrasound techniques for seeing blood flow in bone. She was delighted to However, finding a way to image blood flow in bone is get the opportunity to return. extremely challenging. “New Zealand feels like home to me now and I was “Most clinical ultrasound machines assume that itching to come back,” Jami says. we’re made of all water,” Jami explains. “That’s a pretty good assumption in all cases except for The fellowship gives Jami the opportunity to run bone. It is the one structure in our body that is too her own independent project. She will be working complicated to make that assumption.”

8 To solve this problem, Jami is taking inspiration from the techniques seismologists use to generate maps of rock structures beneath the earth’s surface. “The complex properties of bone are in many ways analogous to the complex properties of the earth” Jami explains. “We can apply similar techniques to medical imaging. Our lab has also used seismic methods for measuring properties of fruit and timber. There’s a lot we can learn from different fields and seeing how they address the problems.” After a couple of months in the fellowship, Jami has already connected with Dodd-Walls Centre investigators across New Zealand and is excited by the potential for collaboration. “The investigators in the CoRE are really enthusiastic so it’s fun to be able to bounce ideas off them,” Jami says. “Having the Dodd- An ultrasound machine that Jami repaired in Rwanda. Walls Centre’s support as a relatively young investigator is the biggest thing.” Jami will also continue to work with her collaborators overseas at Delft University of Technology and Sorbonne Université in France. Service and Outreach: Inspiring diversity in physics by focusing on global health issues In accordance with Agnes Blackie’s spirit of service and supporting diversity, ten percent of Jami’s fellowship time and one third of her budget is assigned to service and outreach. Jami plans to start a university student chapter focusing on technology for addressing global health inequalities. Jami repairing an x-ray developer in Rwanda. “The plan is to get a bunch of students together and invite guest speakers” Jami says. “The aim is to raise awareness and start learning how science can be used to address global issues.” “Only about ten percent of the global health research budget is dedicated to ninety percent of the disease burden,” Jami explains. “Medical technology is especially problematic. Although high-tech equipment is donated it often can’t be used.” Before coming to New Zealand for her PhD, Jami volunteered in Rwanda with an organisation called Engineering World Health. “It was hard to see piles of equipment that once cost millions of dollars sitting completely unused,” she says. “A few of the Jami working with rangatahi at the Takitimu (Waihīrere) machines I fixed just needed software updates so I called up the marae, Wairoa during a DWC-supported Science Wānanga.

9 companies and begged for them. Often they just didn’t have the technicians to fix equipment. I think we have some responsibility to apply our knowledge to solving these big problems.” By focusing on global health the student chapter aims to attract more girls to study physics. “I was surprised to learn that the majority of people studying for a Bachelor of Science in New Zealand are " THE AIM IS TO RAISE women but they tend to go towards the health-related fields.” AWARENESS AND START Jami thinks that the health and humanitarian focus may LEARNING HOW SCIENCE also appeal to Māori, Pasifika and other communities with CAN BE USED TO ADDRESS more direct experience of health inequalities. GLOBAL ISSUES.” “Māori and Pasifika make up a quarter of New Zealand’s population,” Jami says, “but only two percent of the DR JAMI SHEPHERD scientific workforce.”

Jami with some of the team she worked with in Rwanda.

10 New Fellow drawn to work with New Zealand’s very own lhc

James Croft is an ultracold collision theorist. He specialises in understanding the complex quantum dance that takes place when two very cold molecules collide. This field of research takes chemistry to its most fundamental level. In the experiments that James analyses, the molecules are cooled to a fraction of a degree above absolute zero. Removing the randomness that come with higher temperatures it is possible to observe, measure, and control chemical reactions with great precision. “If you think about mixing two beakers of liquid together at room temperature it’s just a mess,” James explains. “Your molecules are all vibrating and rotating in different energy states which makes it really hard to work out what’s going on. But in these ultracold experiments the molecules stop vibrating and rotating and you can throw them together one at a time. By understanding these simple systems we can get insights into more complicated things and ultimately learn to control reactions.” Originally from the UK, James did his PhD in ultracold collisions at Durham University. After that, he held two postdoctoral positions – first at the Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics (JILA), the prestigious US research centre, and then at the University of Nevada in Las Vegas. He was looking for a chance to establish an independent career when he saw the job-advert for the Dodd-Walls Centre Fellowship. It was an ideal fit as several experimental groups in the Centre were working on ultracold collisions. However, there was no theorist in this area.

11 James now collaborates with the Light and Matter experiments. You spend years thinking about these Group at the University of Otago led by Principal things. It would be really exciting to have someone Investigator Niels Kjaergaard. The group’s renowned finally testing the results.” experimental facility, affectionately named the According to James, working with molecules is much “Littlest Hadron Collider,” or LHC, was featured in more interesting than individual atoms. the 2016 Annual Report. Just like the Large Hadron Collider in Europe, it smashes particles together “Molecules have magnetic dipoles so they act a bit but at the opposite extreme of very low energies. like little bar magnets,” he explains. It uses lasers to trap clouds of atoms, cool them to “You can use their magnetic moment a bit like a a fraction of a degree above absolute zero, nudge handle to control the direction of the molecules… By them into each other and observe the way they changing the angle at which two molecules collide scatter. In the last two years, the team has achieved you can change the outcome. Ultimately we’d like to several world-first observations using the facility and be able to use this to turn a reaction on or off. That’s they recently published the third in a hat-trick of a big focus of cold chemistry.” publications in Nature Communications. They have been able to view quantum phenomena previously Eventually this kind of control could lead to the only speculated about - atoms passing through each development of revolutionary new materials and other like ghosts and sometimes joining together processes. But for now there is a world of complexity for a moment to form a kind of short-term molecule to understand in the fundamental science. James is before releasing in different directions. delighted to have secured a place in this community of researchers. James joins the group as a theorist as they make the exciting transition to working with molecules Since James arrived in September, he has given three rather than individual atoms. They have applied for a talks, travelled to Auckland and connected with Marsden grant to further support the experiments. researchers across the country. “It’s a happy coincidence because two years ago I “It’s very motivating to have lots of people in my wrote a paper on collisions of potassium-rubidium field to bounce ideas off” James says. “That’s one molecules and no one has done the experiment of the advantages of having the Dodd-Walls Centre. yet,” James says. “Conveniently Niels and the team Ideas come up where you can collaborate. It happens already work with Potassium and Rubidium atoms so spontaneously when you’re talking to people over tea.” they can combine them into molecules and do the

12 Leading the world harnessing terahertz light Five years ago, Dominik Vogt came from Germany to New Zealand to do his Masters in terahertz research – an exciting new field exploring a largely uncharted region of the electromagnetic spectrum between infrared and microwaves. Now his cutting edge research could revolutionise the field. Dominik completed his Masters and Ph.D. with Dodd- Walls Centre Associate Investigator Rainer Leonhardt (Leo). Together they have developed a technology based on whispering gallery mode resonators (WGMRs) that could transform the terahertz field. Having been awarded the DWC research fellowship Dominik can now keep the momentum going and build on this early success. “My goal is to further develop our terahertz lab and establish the Dodd-Walls Centre and New Zealand at the forefront of the field. Having all the equipment and expertise available gives me a significant head-start.” Unlike most areas of the electromagnetic spectrum terahertz is relatively unexplored. The reason is that it is extremely hard to work with. Most materials absorb terahertz very strongly. It is a bit like trying to make soup in a pot made of sponge. With their new technology, Leo and Dominik have developed a way to capture terahertz radiation and build its intensity so it can be used in applications. One of the most exciting possibilities is a new generation of ultra-fast wireless internet. Operating at much higher frequencies than 5G, the future WIFI will be terahertz. Other potential applications “ MY GOAL IS TO FURTHER include medical diagnostic tools to detect skin cancer and ultra-sensitive sensors for measuring DEVELOP OUR TERAHERTZ LAB humidity and gases. AND ESTABLISH THE DODD- The phenomenon of whispering gallery mode WALLS CENTRE AND NEW resonance was first discovered by the famous 19th century scientist Lord Raleigh who noticed that a ZEALAND AT THE FOREFRONT OF whisper on one side of the large circular gallery THE FIELD." DR DOMINIK VOGT

13 in St Paul’s Cathedral could be heard all around the resonators for visible light. Dominik and Leo plan to circumference. Something similar happens in Dominik continue the collaboration with Harald to establish and Leo’s WGMRs. Their devices are deceptively links between the optical and terahertz resonators. simple, consisting of a small bubble of glass or a Miro Erkintalo, also a member of the Dodd-Walls sphere of silicon. The magic happens when you send Centre from The University of Auckland, worked with the terahertz radiation in. At most frequencies it just Dominik to refine a new method of data analysis pours out the other side. But when the circumference for interpreting their experiments. Their method of the bubble or sphere bears a certain relationship to has attracted the attention of a prominent German the wavelength of the radiation, a whispering gallery company who produce terahertz technology and resonance occurs just like in St Paul’s Cathedral. have struck up a collaboration with Dominik. The radiation gets trapped inside, travelling around “Without the financial support of the fellowship the and around the circumference and building in intensity. collaboration would be impossible,” Dominik says. Although other groups around the world have tried The fellowship has given the opportunity for Dominik to make terahertz WGMRs none have achieved such to claim his space in the field and establish him as an success. independent researcher. He now works alongside Leo “Q-factor is a measure of how good your resonator as a peer rather than a student. is,” Dominik explains. “A Q-factor of more than a “Leo is a great mentor,” he says. “We continue to have thousand is considered outstanding. Our Q-factor invaluable discussions on recent developments in our is currently above twenty thousand – orders of field and regularly deliberate our research; but now magnitude higher.” I develop and implement my own projects and also The result catapults Leo and Dominik to the lead of supervise a student working in our lab, which adds a the international terahertz community. Collaborations new exciting perspective to my role.” with Dodd-Walls Centre researchers have contributed After living here for five years Dominik and his to their success. Harald Schwefel from the University partner now see New Zealand as home. of Otago helped them fine-tune their system by providing theoretical expertise. Harald Schwefel is “It is a privilege to work in this field and I love what I a world-expert in crafting and developing crystal am doing,” Dominik says.

“ WITHOUT THE FINANCIAL SUPPORT OF THE FELLOWSHIP THE COLLABORATION WOULD BE IMPOSSIBLE.” DR DOMINIK VOGT

Dominik and Leo in the laboratory.

14 DWC RESEARCH-IMPACTED TECHNOLOGIES

The Dodd-Walls Centre is anchored in world-class science with many of our researchers at the very forefront of their fields. Beyond that though, the Centre facilitates and promotes collaboration. This leads not only to new and exciting science, butInformation also to innovative networks, technologies. sensing An and advantage precision of measurement the Centre is that it brings together researchers with backgroundsOur researchers in and both students photonics work in two distinctand quantum domains as well physics as the connecting around areas the between common them. theme of light. This The photonics domain utilises laser light for optical devices, networking and communications. Sensing technologies are a has fostered newkey potentialcollaborations output of much and DWC exchange research and thereof ideas, are many often dozens, in if not unpredictable hundreds of potential areas, applications such right as across new potential medical imagingthe techniques economy. Quantum based technologies upon are resources at present in adeveloped theoretical and experimentalfor quantum stage ofinformation development, yet processing. the ultimate The synergies we see developinggoal is to develop directly quantum lead devices into that are our faster new and moreand energy future efficient technological than currently impact. available analogues. An advantage that the CoRE provides to New Zealand and previously independent researchers is that collaboration in the overlap areas between photonic and quantum research, particularly in the area of sensing technologies, is promoted and enabled.

2d atomic NEW array Assembly: Information LASER (Atomic ‘chip’ tweezers Storage: Optical SOURCES quantum computing computer)

communication: vortices

Information storage: new materials, e.g. Rare earth, quantum films

quantum Optical fibre networks networks Speed, bandwidth, Speed, bandwidth, efficiency efficiency (atomic/particle (lightwaves) interactions)

Superatoms, rare earth materials

Ends user devices E.g. Internet, Atomic ‘chip’ consumer devices. or other Internet of things quantum (Device-device) devices

New sensing and precision measurement devices

devices Agricultural geological optical: Meat/fruit/ Rotation, medical Telecoms, robotics timber quality, earthquake, Disease detection Atomic clocks sperm sorting Resurface quantum: properties Optical collider

15 RESEARCH THEMES AND HIGHLIGHTS

THEME 1a: THEME 1b: Photonic Sensors and Imaging Photonic Sources and Components Leader Leader Jon-Paul Wells, University of Canterbury Stéphane Coen, The University of Auckland

Lasers are the power tools in the world of science. They say workers are only as good as their tools. This In this theme we use their extraordinary light to theme is about developing new and improved lasers, see, hear, smell and feel far beyond the reach of our new optical materials, and other optical tools that senses. When you fire a laser at an object there is a will open new frontiers for research and medical or tremendous amount of information in the light that industrial applications. We work in collaboration with bounces back. We use different colours, pulses and the other three themes to provide tools that enhance powers of laser light to learn about the structure and their research and probe further into the quantum function of biological tissue and many other surfaces. world. The fundamental theories and numerical models that we develop are also used by top research Our expertise in interpreting the way that light groups across the world. We are world-renowned interacts with matter has led to many unexpected for our expertise in fibre lasers that are versatile, yet fruitful collaborations across New Zealand and lightweight and cheap to produce. We develop abroad. For example, we are developing sensors to these to be used as cutters, sorters and sensors for sort bull sperm for the dairy industry, detect bacteria a wide variety of industrial and science applications. on carcasses, grade the quality of meat, and locate We are also well-known for our fundamental blossoms on kiwifruit plants. We are working with research in nonlinear optics and in nonlinear (micro) engineers and medical researchers to develop a resonators. Here, we experimentally explore key new technique for detecting eye disease, a new method fundamental dynamics, devices, and materials that for measuring the intensity of skin burns and a force could in time revolutionise the internet and many sensor for keyhole surgery. We are also working with other fields, such as optical frequency combs or geophysicists to measure earthquake vibrations and photosensitive molecules. temperature deep within New Zealand’s Alpine Fault. Our sensing and imaging projects are underpinned by a strong focus on theory and numerical modelling. Our researchers are world renowned for their understanding of nonlinear optics – when light stops behaving according to the normal rules. We are able to exploit these nonlinear effects to create novel sensing and imaging technologies.

16 THEME 2a: THEME 2b: Quantum Fluids and Gases Quantum Manipulation and Leader Information Maarten Hoogerland, University of Auckland Leader Harald Schwefel, University of Otago The quantum realm is the ‘wild west’ of modern science. Although we know some of the basic rules, It is one thing to understand how the quantum world the vast majority of quantum interactions remain works yet it requires another level of precision and uncharted. In this theme we explore cold atom control to build reliable devices and systems that physics, which is like a playground for quantum exploit quantum phenomena. This kind of ‘quantum phenomena. By cooling atoms to just above absolute engineering’ is the focus of this theme. Through zero and precisely controlling their state, we have the precise observation and control of the interactions ability to create and observe almost any quantum between single photons of light and single atoms effect that we can think of. We run experiments and we are contributing to the development of a new develop theory to investigate quantum phenomena generation of quantum technologies. Our aim is to such as quantum vortices, superconductivity, and exploit the apparently weird aspects of the quantum conditions just after the Big Bang. We are exploiting world such as quantum superposition—the ability of newly won understandings of these processes and a quantum particle to exist in more than one state interactions to develop quantum technologies such as at once—and quantum entanglement, when several extremely precise gravitometers and clocks. We are particles behave as if they were a single entity. Our world-renowned for our legacy in quantum theory researchers have record ability to isolate and control and have developed excellent experimental facilities the motion of single atoms. We can move atoms that are enabling world-class results. around with laser light and put them together to create completely new molecules, and conduct ultra- precise experiments. Our research is contributing to the development of quantum computers capable of rapidly solving extremely complex problems. We are looking at novel ways of creating qubits, the fundamental processing units for quantum computers, and developing solutions for quantum memory and quantum debugging. Quantum communication is the focus of several projects: we are working on a technique to enable communication between quantum computers over large distances. This involves translating single microwave photons, which quantum computers operate on, to optical photons, which are easily transported down optical fibres. We are also contributing to the fundamental theory behind quantum communication networks and quantum measurement.

17 2018 RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS

Fast forwarding a treatment for heart failure

In New Zealand thirty percent of all deaths are caused by heart failure and one in every twenty adults live with heart disease. And currently there are no pharmaceutical treatments available. Chemist Nicola Brasch and her team at Auckland University of Technology have developed a new chemical that promises to bring us a big step closer to a lifesaving treatment. Their breakthrough research opens a window to study the intricate biochemistry of nitroxyl (HNO), which is one of the most promising pharmaceutical candidates for treating heart failure. Nicola in the laboratory with some of her students (from front: Vinay Bharadwaj, Ruth Cink and Nicola).

18 BY REMOVING THE MAJOR ROADBLOCK TO HNO DEVELOPMENT IT WILL FAST FORWARD THE DEVELOPMENT OF A LIFE-SAVING PHARMACEUTICAL TREATMENT FOR HEART FAILURE.

Early research indicates that HNO has potential to “Our molecule is made up of two parts,” Nicola significantly reduce the symptoms of heart failure - explains, “one has the HNO in it and the other dilating blood vessels, reducing blood pressure and responds to light. It turns out that the part that strengthening the heart’s ability to pump blood. responds to light has lots of potential to use with These exciting results have caused a flurry of research other drugs.” activity around the world. Nicola returned home to New Zealand in 2014. But there is a problem. HNO is very unstable. Coming from a high profile career working with the Once produced it only lasts for a moment before best in the US, Europe and Australia, she is an expert decaying into different chemical forms. This makes it in the field of mechanistic chemistry - working out impossible to store and very hard to study. To develop how chemical reactions occur. She is excited to solve an effective drug, researchers need to decode the the mystery of how the light-control mechanism intricate biochemistry of HNO in the body to decipher works in their new molecules. Very little is known how it works and optimise its effect. But the only way and it is incredibly complicated. The laser gives the to do this is by working with “HNO donors” which are molecule a power-shot of energy that catapults its molecules that break down to produce HNO. Most electron cloud into a highly excited state where the HNO donors take minutes or even hours to release rules of ordinary chemistry no longer apply. an HNO molecule and all the important biochemical The Dodd-Walls Centre is an ideal environment to reactions happen in a split second after this. So trying solve such a mystery, surrounded by physicists and to capture and study the biochemistry of HNO is like photochemists who specialise in understanding how waiting weeks for a fly to hatch then catching it with light and matter interact. Nicola is collaborating chopsticks. It’s virtually impossible. with Principal Investigator Cather Simpson at The The international science community has made an University of Auckland and with Keith Gordon and his urgent call for an HNO donor that produces HNO group at the University of Otago, who are experts in quickly. Nicola’s team have found one that can time-resolved Raman spectroscopy. be triggered by a laser pulse to produce an HNO molecule within picoseconds - that’s trillionths of a second! The new molecule is also reliable. Whereas most HNO donors produce small amounts of HNO swamped by other chemical species, this molecule produces exactly one HNO per donor. It is the first in the world of its kind. THANKS TO A DODD-WALLS CENTRE This breakthrough will give Nicola and other FUNDED TRIP FOR NICOLA’S PHD researchers the ability to probe the intricate STUDENT RUTH CINK, THE GROUP IS biochemical reactions surrounding HNO. By removing the major roadblock to HNO development it will NOW COLLABORATING WITH WORLD- fast forward the development of a life-saving LEADING PHOTOCHEMIST, DAVID pharmaceutical treatment for heart failure. PHILLIPS IN HONG KONG. But what excites Nicola most is the wider implications for medicine and fundamental science. The same mechanism that controls the release of HNO could be used in several other new drugs and treatments.

19 Collaborating with the world’s best to answer century-old mystery in quantum theory

Working with a team at the Yale Quantum Institute This experiment demonstrates an unprecedented in the USA, Dodd-Walls Centre Principal Investigator level of control over the quantum level of existence. Howard Carmichael has helped to resolve an old Not only does it answer fundamental questions about mystery at the heart of quantum mechanics - what the nature of reality it also has profound implications happens during a “quantum jump”? for quantum computing, ultra-precise sensing and other technologies. Ever since the conception of quantum mechanics in the early 20th Century theorists have puzzled over As a theorist, Howard’s role was to help guide and what happens when a quantum system changes from interpret the experiments, which were inspired by one state to another (a quantum jump) or collapses, a theory he developed back in the eighties known from a wave of possibilities, into a single state as quantum trajectory theory. Howard has become when a measurement is made. Their recent paper world-renowned for this theory, which offers a accepted for publication in Nature suggests that technique for simulating quantum experiments and is these quantum processes are not instantaneous but used in the development of quantum computers. happen as a smooth transition over a period of time. “It has been incredibly exciting working with the team In a ground-breaking experiment, the team used an at Yale,” Howard says. “I built a quantum trajectory artificial atom to observe a quantum jump in detail. simulation of their apparatus, and we used that to Even more impressively they were able to catch and fine-tune the set-up. In the end the results from the reverse the jump in mid-flight, by detecting early real data and the simulation fell right on top of each warning signs and intervening. other. It’s a very nice demonstration that this quantum trajectory theory really works and is practically useful.”

20 “ HAVING THIS COLLABORATION BETWEEN THE VERY BEST IN THE WORLD ON THE EXPERIMENTAL SIDE AND NEW ZEALAND CERTAINLY SHOWS THIS COUNTRY HAS SOMETHING VALUABLE TO OFFER. I WOULD SUPPORT ANY PUSH TO MAKE SURE NEW ZEALAND IS INVOLVED IN THIS STUFF.” DR HOWARD CARMICHAEL

The experiment took place in an applied physics lab time and does not account for anything like a jump. alongside some of the most advanced experiments As Howard explains, “Schrödinger was very strongly in quantum computing. The artificial atom was opposed to the idea of quantum jumps. He argued with constructed in a similar way to the qubits of quantum Bohr saying: ‘If we are going to stick to this damned computers. It is made out of superconducting quantum-jumping, then I regret that I ever had anything materials and monitored and controlled using to do with quantum theory.’ He really didn’t like the microwaves. The experiment takes place in a dilution idea that something discontinuous happens.” refrigerator at a few thousandths of a degree above absolute zero. In ordinary atoms, processes like “The Yale experiment shows, in the clearest way quantum jumps happen much too quickly to measure ever seen, how you can integrate these two ideas,” but in the artificial atom the transitions happen Howard explains. “Bohr’s view and Schrödinger’s comparatively slowly (over a few microseconds) view don’t need to be seen as polar opposites. They therefore every detail can be observed. They can are different perspectives on the same thing. So it is a precisely control the state of the artificial atom and unifying exercise at that level of the theory.” detect a large fraction of the microwave photons it Howard’s quantum trajectory theory suggests that emits. This enables them to detect warning signs quantum jumps happen as a smooth transition when a quantum jump is about to happen. through a series of superposition states. First you As Howard explains “the relevance of this experiment have a hundred percent one state and zero percent relates all the way back to the beginnings of quantum another, then ninety percent one and ten percent mechanics. Niels Bohr was the first one to talk about the other and so on until you have zero percent of quantum jumps. He came up with a toy model of an the first state and a hundred percent the second. atom using classical physics and tweaking it a bit to The theory avoids the discontinuity that Schrödinger get some very remarkable answers about how the despised while retaining the quantum jump. The Yale hydrogen atom behaves.” experiment demonstrated exactly this. In Bohr’s model, the electrons orbit the nucleus “For the past hundred years there has been much like planets around a sun. But the key ‘quantum’ talk amongst physicists about what quantum physics difference is that they can only orbit at certain energy means,” Howard says. “This has mostly been one levels or distances from the nucleus. theoretically minded person promoting their view against another theoretically minded person. Now “So you get quantised energies,” Howard explains. “The we have an incontrovertible experiment that says electron can be here, or there, but not in between. To pretty clearly which way of thinking is right. That’s get from one level to another it needs to jump. This is real science!” where the idea of a quantum jump comes from. It has been in the language of Physics ever since.” For New Zealand this result could act as a stepping stone to getting involved in the experimental side “But everybody knew Bohr’s model wasn’t a complete of such research. The University of Otago recently theory,” Howard says. “It had holes in it all over the obtained the kind of refrigeration system required to place... Schrödinger came along about a decade later perform such experiments, which is the main piece of and published his equation, which is entirely different.” equipment needed. The next step would be to develop With Schrödinger’s equation comes one of the mind- the infrastructure and scale to run such experiments. boggling aspects of quantum theory - that a quantum “Having this collaboration between the very best in system can exist in many states at once. This is known the world on the experimental side and New Zealand as a quantum superposition. Schrödinger’s equation certainly shows this country has something valuable gives the probability of finding a system in each of its to offer. I would support any push to make sure New possible states should a measurement be made. It is a Zealand is involved in this stuff.” wave equation so describes a smooth evolution over

21 Quantum Entanglement at an Individual Atom Scale

“Spooky action at a distance” was the name Einstein gave to the phenomenon of quantum entanglement, one of the characteristically mind-boggling aspects of quantum theory. Quantum entanglement describes how ‘entangled’ particles such as atoms or electrons can instantaneously affect each other’s state even when separated by vast distances. They act like a single entity, even when separated in space. Einstein himself was sceptical of this strange ‘telepathic-like’ phenomenon and assumed it must indicate an error or gap in quantum theory. Now quantum entanglement has been clearly demonstrated by countless experiments. It is definitely real. What’s more, it promises to deliver a revolution in quantum technology, with potential applications in ultra-fast quantum computing, one hundred percent secure communications and ultra-precise measurement devices.

A view into the vacuum chamber in which the experiments take place. The brass piece you can see holds the objective lens (the glass piece) of the powerful microscope through which we can see the individual atoms. The same lens is also used to form the optical tweezers. The small red dot in front of the lens is laser cooled atoms glowing.

22 THE RESULTS SO FAR ARE GROUNDBREAKING. THEY ARE THE FIRST EXPERIMENTS TO WORK WITH INDIVIDUAL PAIRS OF ATOMS WHICH REMOVES COMPLICATIONS AND GIVES EXTREMELY “CLEAN” RESULTS.

One of the issues in using quantum entanglement in One of the keys to the group’s success so far has real-world devices is that it is incredibly fragile. Even been the close collaboration between Mikkel and the slightest vibration caused by thermal energy is Ashton, which has been supported by the Dodd-Walls enough to disentangle particles. It is a bit like trying to Centre. It all began with a spontaneous tea-room hold rafts together with paper clips in a stormy ocean. discussion. Mikkel was struggling to understand some For this reason, quantum entanglement is usually experiments and asked for Ashton’s help. It started only possible at ultra-low temperatures within large with seemingly simple scribbles on a whiteboard but expensive refrigeration systems. turned out to be a very difficult problem. The thermal energy causes the atoms to fly around and the theory A collaboration of scientists at the University of needs to capture this motion while being sensitive Otago have figured out a method to achieve quantum to the intricate details within the atom. So it is a bit entanglement at higher temperatures and are half like trying to focus a microscope on a bee as it flies way to proving it works in the lab. Their discovery around a stadium. is the subject of a recent paper published in Nature Communications. The team were joined by Stuart Szigeti a visiting research fellow from Australia who worked with Experimental physicist Mikkel F. Andersen and Ashton to develop a state-of-the-art model which has theorist Ashton Bradley at the University of Otago explained and predicted experimental results with have developed an experimental configuration in remarkable accuracy. The model shows the mechanism which the thermal energy of the atoms actually by which entanglement occurs and gives the group strengthens their quantum entanglement - an confidence that entanglement is happening. amazing and counterintuitive phenomenon. Their method makes use of Mikkel’s world-leading ability The results so far are ground-breaking. They are to control individual atoms and stick them together the first experiments to work with individual pairs one by one with extreme precision; an art he calls of atoms which removes complications and gives “quantum lego”. They use laser beams to pick up extremely “clean” results. atoms and nudge them together in such a way that they entangle. An atom mugshot – a single rubidium atom captured and photographed in the laboratory. Ashton is a world-leading quantum theorist and an expert at creating computer models to simulate quantum systems. His theoretical insight has helped to make sense of the experiments and work out how quantum entanglement could be possible at higher temperatures. Mikkel’s initial experiments with two individual atoms have shown a record correlation. This means they are perfectly in-sync after they interact and is the first stage to proving entanglement. Next they plan to measure the entanglement directly, then experiment with using optical tweezers to grab the atoms and separate them without losing the entanglement. After that they will investigate how the phenomenon could be used in applications such as magnetometers to measure magnetic field with unprecedented precision. The team have been awarded a Marsden Grant to complete this investigation and are very excited to see how things proceed.

23 How Parrot Feathers are Informing our Primary Industries

A collaboration between Dodd-Walls Centre chemists The implications of this discovery are far-reaching. and a zoologist from Massey University has solved It suggests a whole new approach to engineering a many-century-old mystery about parrots and how materials, answers fundamental questions about they get their colour. In the 1800s zoologists were evolution and offers a technique with wide-ranging confused when they extracted pigment chemicals applications for New Zealand’s primary industries. It from glorious pink and magenta parrot feathers and is a good example of how fundamental science can discovered all the pigments were yellow. How do benefit New Zealand. parrots make pink feathers out of yellow pigments? “Nature can take very simple building blocks and University of Otago chemists, Professor Keith arrange them in different ways to create a variety of Gordon and PhD student Jono Barnsley worked physical properties like colour,” Jono explains. “This in collaboration with zoologist Daniel Thomas could inspire materials scientists to make a whole from Massey University’s Institute of Natural and range of more energy efficient smart materials.” Mathematical Sciences to solve the mystery. Using For example, the discovery could inform the an innovative spectroscopic technique, Keith and development of solar cells where the placement of Jono discovered that pigment molecules within the molecules in the surface enhances the absorption of surface of the feather communicate with each other light. More immediately, there are lots of coloured in a way that changes the appearance of the surface. materials in the primary sector that could benefit So the colour comes from the way the molecules are from the technique Keith and Jono used to make arranged. their discovery.

Analysis of the feather. Jono Barnsley credit: Photo

24 “ YOU COULD USE SIMILAR EXPERIMENTS TO ANALYSE CHLOROPHYLL IN MEAT TO SHOW WHETHER THE ANIMALS HAVE BEEN GRASS OR GRAIN FED, OR YOU COULD LOOK AT CHLOROPHYLL IN FRUIT TO TEST THE RIPENESS AND QUALITY.” PROFESSOR KEITH GORDON

“You could use similar experiments to analyse Keith’s group works with the meat, dairy, fruit and chlorophyll in meat to show whether the animals pharmaceutical industries. have been grass or grain fed,” Keith explains, “or you “A lot of people come to the Dodd-Walls Centre with could look at chlorophyll in fruit to test the ripeness problems and they funnel that information to us,” and quality.” Keith explains. “That’s been a huge help with setting This could enable producers to charge premium up collaborations.” prices and provide additional value to customers. This kind of multidisciplinary research is also good One of the keys to the success of the parrot feather training ground for students as Jono explains: “Start- project was the unusual combination of expertise up companies are looking for the ability to apply that came together. The problem came from Daniel specialised expertise to different areas. It’s all about whose core interest is biological evolution. Keith figuring out how your skills can be useful and seeing and Jono specialise in analytical spectroscopy which the gaps and opportunities.” means they fire lasers at materials and analyse the light that scatters back. The laser light causes molecules in the material’s surface to vibrate which leaves a ‘fingerprint’ in the scattered light. This can be analysed to reveal details of the structure, composition and quality. It’s an extremely useful approach because you can analyse materials without “ MANY INDUSTRIES ARE MONO- destroying them. CULTURAL. IT’S IMPORTANT TO HAVE When Keith and Jono encountered the parrot feather mystery they recognised a similarity with a completely DEEP EXPERTISE BUT TO BE ABLE TO different material - conducting polymers. In these LOOK SIDEWAYS AND SEE HOW THAT plastics electricity flows down long chains of carbon then jumps from one chain to another. The overall CAN APPLY TO DIFFERENT PROBLEMS.” conductivity depends on how the molecules are PROFESSOR KEITH GORDON arranged. Keith and Jono suspected something similar was happening in the parrot feathers so they used a technique called resonance Raman spectroscopy Keith and Jono analysing spectra in the laboratory. that was designed especially for analysing conducting polymers. They turned out to be correct. “We just had to adapt the technique for the new material,” Keith explains. “It wasn’t trivial to do but it wasn’t extraordinarily hard either. You just needed to put the pieces together in the right way.” The project shows how beneficial it can be to apply specialist expertise to seemingly completely unrelated fields. “Many industries are mono-cultural,” Keith says. “ It’s important to have deep expertise but to be able to look sideways and see how that can apply to different problems.”

25 Spectroscopy to Solve the Superbug Crisis

A ground-breaking new technique for detecting and monitoring bacteria is being developed by researchers at The University of Auckland. This could herald a new era in our relationship with bacteria and alleviate the global threat of superbugs. The project has grown out of FoodSafe a large MBIE funded collaboration with the New Zealand Meat Industry which is developing sensors to detect and monitor bacteria on meat. Having Dodd-Walls Centre funding has enabled the group to hire additional PhD students and assign resources to explore blue sky possibilities around the central project. Heading the project is Dodd-Walls Centre Principal Investigator Frédérique Vanholsbeeck. She and her team are experts in laser spectroscopy – using laser light to probe the structure, composition and function of materials. They are collaborating with microbiologist and infectious disease expert Associate Professor Simon Swift and his team from The University of Auckland’s Medical school. They are drawing on expertise from across the Dodd-Walls Centre to perfect the technique and develop real world devices for the detection of bacteria.

Frédérique with some of her research team L-R (1st row): Abi Thampi, Magdalena Urbanska, Frédérique, Sylwia Kolenderska, Julia Robertson (2nd row) : Matthew Goodwin, Mykola Zlygostiev, Sam Hitchman, James Hope.

26 “IN THE FUTURE, YOU COULD GO TO A DOCTOR, GET A BLOOD SAMPLE AND HAVE TEST RESULTS IN AROUND 2 HOURS TO TELL YOU WHICH ANTIBIOTICS WILL BE EFFECTIVE. NOT ONLY WOULD THIS SAVE TIME AND MONEY ON USELESS PRESCRIPTIONS, IT COULD CURB THE GROWTH OF SUPERBUGS.” RACHEL (FANG) OU, PHD STUDENT

Bacteria have a bad name. They are notorious for Thanks to the Dodd-Walls Centre, the team is now causing infections and disease but only some bacteria exploring two exciting blue sky research avenues that are dangerous. The rest are harmless and some even have emerged from the Foodsafe project. helpful. The problem is how to tell which is which. PhD student Rachel (Fang) Ou is investigating The standard way to detect and count bacteria techniques to detect whether bacteria are alive or is to do a plate count which takes a few days. In dead. She uses two different dye molecules. The first urgent situations, like an infectious disease or food one can enter the cell wall of live bacteria. When this contamination, it can be too risky to wait. Doctors dye is attached to DNA and RNA it glows green. The faced with unknown infections prescribe broad second dye molecule can only get into the bacteria spectrum antibiotics to patients. But when hit with the when it has died and the cell wall is weakened. This wrong kind of antibiotic, bacteria quickly evolve into one usurps the first dye and glows red when attached unbeatable strains or ‘superbugs’ which are among the to the DNA and RNA. By measuring the intensity of most serious health threats facing humanity. green and red light Rachel can work out the relative Such a crisis calls for a new approach to bacteria. concentrations of alive and dead bacteria in the The Dodd-Walls Centre team’s technique makes it solution. This technique offers a way of testing the possible to detect small concentrations of bacteria viability of antibiotics. in less than half an hour. In the future, it will also “In the future, you could go to a doctor, get a blood determine what kind they are. sample and have test results in around 2 hours to The technique at the heart of this research is called tell you which antibiotics will be effective,” Rachel fluorescence spectroscopy. You suspend bacteria in explains. “Not only would this save time and money a fluid along with fluorescent dye molecules. When on useless prescriptions, it could curb the growth of the dye encounters bacteria it enters its cell wall and superbugs.” latches onto the DNA and RNA inside. You then fire a Dodd-Walls Centre Associate Investigator, Cushla laser at the sample and measure the light that comes McGoverin, and postdoc, Julia Robertson, are back. The dye molecules glow more brightly when exploring how to optimise the dye molecules to attached to bacteria. Subtle variations in the type reveal more information about bacteria. Julia and and state of the bacteria affect the spectrum of light Simon are looking at biological reactions to ‘light- and Frédérique and her team are experts at decoding up’ and better characterise cell death. This could this information. give biologists a whole new window to observe and Frédérique and Simon came across this technique understand the intricate world of bacteria. ten years ago and realised they had discovered The multidisciplinary nature of this project is a big an alternative to plate counts. They struck up a attraction for students who develop collaboration collaboration with the New Zealand meat industry skills and get experience in a whole range of who spend millions every year to maintain food techniques. safety in meat processing plants. Having been awarded a large MBIE grant, the team are now collaborating with a specialist company as well as other Dodd-Walls Centre Investigators to develop a device for quickly detecting bacteria on meat.

27 Revealing Ancient Secrets and Conserving Maori Taonga

With a background in archeology, Associate 2018 saw the culmination of a six-year research Investigator Catherine Smith collaborates with Māori project to find the best way of conserving the black- weavers, museum professionals, communities, dyed fibres used in most Māori textiles. Made from mātauranga Māori researchers and scientists to a combination of iron-rich mud and a tannate dye reveal the secrets of Māori taonga (treasures). Her from plants, traditional black dye is very common particular expertise lies in identifying and conserving but sadly tends to fast forward deterioration. Despite the plant fibres traditionally used for weaving best practice preventive conservation in museums piupiu (skirts), kākahu (cloaks), sails for seafaring and cultural institutions around the world, the black- waka and many other taonga. Her work is deeply dyed sections of woven taonga are showing active interdisciplinary and rests on strong relationships signs of deterioration and in some cases are falling with Māori. apart altogether. “If you’re working with artefacts it’s not possible to Catherine led a team of weavers, scientists and do the research without the relationships with the conservation experts to find a solution. They scoured community the research aims to serve,” Catherine says. the existing research, interviewed conservators “I’ve been working in the sector with stakeholders for around the world, prepared almost 2000 flax fibres, nearly twenty years and those relationships mean that dyed them with different variations of dye, used it’s possible for me to do the work.” light to artificially age them and tested a range of

IF YOU’RE WORKING WITH ARTEFACTS IT’S NOT POSSIBLE TO DO THE RESEARCH WITHOUT THE RELATIONSHIPS WITH THE COMMUNITY THE RESEARCH AIMS TO SERVE,” DR CATHERINE SMITH

“ WE NEED TO DOCUMENT TE RA AND COMMUNICATE THE KNOWLEDGE CONTAINED WITHIN HER TO THE WIDER COMMUNITY SO IT WON’T EVER BE LOST AGAIN.” The project team (L-R) Donna Campbell, Ranui Ngarimu and Catherine Smith. DR CATHERINE SMITH

28 Te Rā, the last known A close up view of the Māori sail. seam of the sail. Image Image © Trustees of © Trustees of the the British Museum. British Museum.

consolidants – treatments which can be applied to we are highlighting just how much of an achievement the deteriorating fibres to improve their strength and it was to settle Aotearoa and I see a lot of inspiration integrity. Dodd-Walls Centre chemist Keith Gordon in acknowledging that and bringing it into the future.” and his team at the University of Otago used laser Te Rā was woven using an innovative technique the spectroscopy to assess the effect of each treatment weavers on the team have never seen before, that on the molecular structure and integrity of the fibres. makes it incredibly strong. Through close observation By the end of the project the team were able to they have been able to mimic its construction and identify the most effective treatment and share bring that lost knowledge back to life. their findings with conservators, weavers and Catherine’s presence offers the Dodd-Walls Centre communities around the country and overseas. As insight and inspiration into a different way of using Māori textiles are found in significant numbers in science to serve communities. Through the Dodd- collections worldwide the results will be of significant Walls Centre she gains a rich resource of tools and international value. expertise. 2018 also saw the launch of an exciting three-year “It’s a really fortunate thing for the New Zealand Marsden funded project examining the last remaining heritage sector that we have access to equipment customary Māori sail, Te Rā, held in the British and scientists like Keith’s team,” she says. “That’s rare Museum in London. in New Zealand. Usually it’s only places like the Getty “Te Rā has been in storage for 250 years, has Conservation Institute in LA and the Straus Centre at probably been visited by ten New Zealanders in Harvard that have access to scientists specialising in the time it has been there and has never been fully understanding the deterioration of their materials described,” says Catherine… “We need to document and trying to find solutions.” Te Rā and communicate the knowledge contained The Māori weavers and communities that Catherine within her to the wider community so it won’t ever collaborates with are also grateful to the science as be lost again.” Phyllis Smith, one of Catherine’s collaborators from Catherine is leading the science side of the project Ngāi Tahu says: alongside Donna Campbell (Ngāpuhi, Ngāti Ruanui), “Working with scientists, we can explore the past a weaver and senior lecturer at the University of and we can find out how old material like this is and Waikato, and Ranui Ngarimu (Ngāi Tahu, Kati Mamoe, whether it’s harakeke, kiekie, or some other plant. Ngāti Mutunga) a senior weaver, who are leading the It’s showing us the past and we can learn from it with kaupapa Māori research. This year the team visited respect and aroha (love).” the British Museum to greet and examine Te Rā and collect samples. Catherine is working with a feather In the words of another weaver and collaborator identification expert and imaging specialists from the from Ngāi Tahu, Rachel Wesley: US who will help to unlock its secrets. “The raranga fragments.....emphasise my connection Every detail of Te Rā’s construction and materials to my tīpuna (ancestors), my hapū (family), my iwi reveals knowledge about the culture that created it (tribe), and the whenua (land). It’s hard to describe and the extraordinary vision, expertise and science but it totally underpins who I feel I am as Kāi Tahu.” that enabled them to navigate to New Zealand. The science is just a tool to aid connection. It helps to “Once here Māori had a completely different reveal lost knowledge from the past and return it to landscape and had to adapt immediately,” Catherine communities so it can inspire new life and innovation says. “Te Rā shows understanding of new plants, new for the future. climate, the ocean and that journey. In exploring it

29 DWC RESEARCH EXCELLENCE

Dodd-Walls Centre researchers and their collaborative teams were again very successful at winning funding that adds to TEC CoRE funding and aligns with the Centre’s strategic goals. External funding was won to support fundamental science and pre-commercial R&D in the agriculture, medical, and high- OVER tech manufacturing industries. Our investigators and research students won prizes and awards, evidence of highly effective $7.5 MILLION mentoring and capability building in the next generation of New Zealand’s workforce.

Investigators NEW COMPETITIVE, Research Funding Awards EXTERNAL RESEARCH STÉPHANE COEN AND FUNDING AWARDED IN MIRO ERKINTALO DWC Principal Investigators 2018 IN RECOGNITION OF The University of Auckland CONTINUED RESEARCH Marsden Fund Standard EXCELLENCE Grant, $935,000 Computing with walls of light (3 years) Grant PI (Coen) and Grant AI (Erkintalo)

MIKKEL ANDERSEN AND ASHTON BRADLEY DWC Principal Investigators University of Otago Marsden Fund Standard Grant, $935,000 Hot Entanglement with Cold Atoms (3 years) Grant PI (Andersen) and Grant AI (Bradley)

30 FRÉDÉRIQUE VANHOLSBEECK, NEIL BRODERICK AND JULIETTE CHEYNE DWC Principal Investigators (Vanholsbeeck & Broderick), DWC Associate Investigator (Cheyne) The University of Auckland University of Auckland Faculty Research Development Fund, $137,951 Development of a customised two-photon microscope for in vivo brain imaging (2.7 years) Grant PI (Vanholsbeeck) Grant AIs (Broderick & Cheyne) Neurological Foundation, $196,412 Examining development and function of the auditory cortex in Autism Spectrum Disorder with two-photon imaging (2 years) Grant PI (Cheyne) Grant AIs (Vanholsbeeck & Broderick) Lottery Health Research Grant, $59,332 Development of a customised two-photon microscope for in vivo imaging of brain activity with cellular resolution (equipment grant) Grant PI (Cheyne) Grant AIs (Vanholsbeeck & Broderick)

JULIETTE CHEYNE DWC Associate Investigator The University of Auckland Maurice & Phyllis Paykel Trust, $15,000 Development of a customised two-photon microscope for in vivo imaging of brain activity with cellular resolution (equipment grant) Grant PI

31 KEITH GORDON DWC Principal Investigator University of Otago Australian Research Council Discovery Grant, AU$300,000 (approx. $313,680) Faster interfacial electron transfer: the effect of molecule shape and size (3 years) Grant Key Researcher, project led by Attila Mozer, University of Wollongong

GEOFFREY WATERHOUSE DWC Principal Investigator The University of Auckland University of Auckland Faculty Research Development Fund, $168,000 Novel Catalytic Technologies for Carbon Dioxide Reduction to Fuels and Valuable Commodity Chemicals (2 years) Grant PI Marsden Fund Fast Start Grant, $300,000 Next-Generation Small Molecule Acceptors for use in Organic Solar Cells (3 years) Grant AI, project led by Dr Paul Hume, University of Auckland

FRÉDÉRIQUE VANHOLSBEECK DWC Principal Investigator The University of Auckland Fonds Erasme pour la recherche medicale (Erasmus Fund for Medical Research), EUR247,405 (approx. $400,000) Non-Invasive Skin Imaging and its Potential in Cancer, Inflammatory and Autoimmune Research, as well as in Fundamental Research (1 year) Grant AI, project led by Prof Del Marmol from the University libre the Bruxelles

32 BOYANG DING RICHARD BLAIKIE DWC Postdoctoral Fellow DWC Associate Investigator University of Otago University of Otago Marsden Fund Fast Start Grant, MBIE Endeavour Smart Idea $300,000 Grant, $999,959 SPASER – Towards Practical Nanolaser Highly efficient solar-to-hydrogen Devices (3 years) energy conversion based on innovative nanophotonic Grant PI platform (3 years) Grant PI

HARALD SCHWEFEL CATHER SIMPSON DWC Principal Investigator DWC Principal Investigator University of Otago The University of Auckland MBIE Endeavour Smart Idea Grant, MBIE Endeavour Smart Ideas, $999,519 $999,999 Long distance connectivity for Photonic Device for Rapid superconducting quantum-bits (3 years) Prostate Cancer Detection and Mapping (3 years) Grant PI Grant PI

FRÉDÉRIQUE VANHOLSBEECK AND CUSHLA MCGOVERIN DWC Principal Investigator (Vanholsbeeck), DWC Associate Investigator (McGoverin) The University of Auckland The New Zealand Food Safety and Science Research Centre (NZFSSRC), $750,000 NZFSSRC Advanced Diagnostics Research Project (2.6 years) Grant AIs (Vanholsbeeck leads the University of Auckland components), project led by Andrew Kralicek, Plant & Food Research

33 Prizes and Peer Recognition JOHN HARVEY Elected President of the Australian Optical Society CATHER SIMPSON Made a Fellow of the Royal Society of New Zealand CATHER SIMPSON SPIE Startup Challenge 2018 – third place (for Orbis Diagnostics Limited) FRÉDÉRIQUE VANHOLSBEECK Optical Society of Australia (OSA) Diversity and Inclusion Advocacy Recognition Inaugural Award 2018 GEOFFREY WATERHOUSE Made a Fellow of the New Zealand Institute of Chemistry NEILS KJAERGAARD Awarded University of Otago Division of Sciences Research Group of the Year 2018

Students DOMINIK VOGT JONATHAN SIMPSON PhD candidate MSc candidate University of Auckland University of Auckland Supervisor: Rainer Leonhardt Supervisor: Kasper van Wijk PhD Thesis added to Deans List, Runner-Up Best Student Oral The University of Auckland Presentation, Geoscience Society of New Zealand 2018 Ralph and Eve Seelye Postgraduate Scholarship, The University of Auckland

TAPABRATA CHAKRABORTI JONI WHITE PhD candidate Masters candidate University of Otago University of Auckland Supervisor: Brendan McCane Supervisor: Frederique Best Student Paper, Image and Vanholsbeeck Computing New Zealand 2018 Graeme Lewis Prize in Microbiology 2018, University of Auckland Meat Industry Association Postgraduate Scholarship Maurice & Phyllis Paykel Trust Scholarship in Health Sciences

ABI THAMPI FANG OU PhD candidate PhD candidate University of Auckland University of Auckland Supervisor: Frederique Primary Supervisor: Frederique Vanholsbeeck Vanholsbeeck Best Poster Presentation, RHT Bates Postgraduate The Bi-annual Bio-photonics Scholarship, New Zealand Royal and Imaging Summer School Society Te Apārangi (BIGSS), Galway, Ireland Claude McCarthy Fellowship, Universities New Zealand

34 NURTURING DIVERSITY

An aspirational goal of the Dodd-Walls Centre is to increase our gender and ethnic diversity. In an effort to develop greater diversity in our future research, science and technology workforce, we have made a dedicated effort to encourage greater participation of females, Māori and Pasifika students in the physical sciences. Our Diversity Committee operates under formal Terms of Reference and reports formally to the Executive Committee at each Executive Committee meeting. The Diversity Committee is moving from taking a responsive approach to diversity where we have supported others’ initiatives to a more proactive approach aimed at increasing our own diversity initiatives. In 2018 we focused on raising diversity awareness, both internally with our members and students and externally through public events and outreach (including Science Wānanga and Pasifika engagement programmes that you can read about in the Educational and Public Outreach section of this report). In 2018, the Diversity Committee provided: • A carer fund to support members with children attending conferences; • A public presentation and discussion celebrating 125 years of women’s suffrage; • A gender bias training seminar for Dodd-Walls Centre students and members; • Sponsorship of smaller events for women in science groups at The University of Auckland and the University of Otago; • Sponsorship for Women in Mathematics and Physics retreats in Wellington and Auckland; and • Funding for videos of women in science.

Highlights FRÉDÉRIQUE WINS AWARD FOR SUPPORTING WOMEN IN SCIENCE Dodd-Walls Centre Principal Investigator Frédérique Vanholsbeeck was awarded the Diversity & Inclusion Advocacy Recognition award from the Australian Optical Society (AOS). The award recognised her profound influence on the practices of her university and on New Zealand science. She has promoted gender parity in speaker selections for conferences as she believes this is central to presenting a positive image to junior female students. Amongst other things, as AOS Councillor she promoted a policy that AOS only sponsors events that have appropriate gender and diversity policies, and she has argued to ensure that each AOS prize has at least one female applicant.

35 INAUGURAL AGNES BLACKIE FELLOWSHIP 2018 saw the award of a research fellowship supported by the Dodd-Walls Centre in honour of Agnes Blackie, the first female physics lecturer at the University of Otago. Read about the inaugural recipient Jami Shepherd (Johnson) in this report. NEW ZEALAND INTERNATIONAL SCIENCE FESTIVAL SPEAKER In partnership with the British High Commission, the Centre hosted a talk and Q&A session at the New Zealand International Science Festival by Sian Cleaver, a Mission Systems Engineer from Airbus UK. Sian spoke about her career and provided advice for females thinking about a career in science followed by an open discussion on the rewards and the challenges faced by females in the science arena. CELEBRATING WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE In June we celebrated the 125th anniversary of women winning the right to vote in New Zealand with a public discussion on the theme of women’s leadership in science and industry. Three extraordinary female leaders with exemplary leadership records, vision, and Charlotte Walshe sharing insights into her inspiration. drive gave their personal perspectives on the theme: Professor Margaret Brimble (The University of Auckland and first NZ woman to be elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society of London), Dr Frédérique Vanholsbeeck (The University of Auckland, Principal Investigator of the Dodd-Walls Centre and Senior Research of the NZ Food Safety Science & Research Centre), and Ms Charlotte Walshe (CEO of Jade Software and a Board member of NZTE). It was the first time in Margaret’s illustrious career that she had given a talk about herself and she shared both her nerves and the challenges of her career in science. Charlotte, who is a member of the Dodd-Walls Centre’s industry board shared how her love of Star Trek inspired her to pursue a career in the tech industry. Frédérique Professor Margaret Brimble describing her pathway to a spoke of her passion for her science and her students. distinguished career in science.

36 A TRAINING SEMINAR IN UNCONSCIOUS BIAS The aim of this seminar, at the 2018 Dodd-Walls Centre Symposium, was to inspire a new perspective and approach - viewing diversity as the most exciting opportunity in science today, rather than a problem. By the response of the members and students this was a success. “I thought the whole presentation was very refreshing and positive,” said Mikkel Andersen, a Principal Investigator who attended. “They kept it non-confrontational and I liked that.” The seminar was facilitated by experienced trainer Sarrah Jayne, who has developed a programme to teach technical professionals about diversity, emotional intelligence and other important human skills in the workplace. Her co-facilitator was Elizabeth Connor, the Dodd-Walls Centre’s resident science communicator and winner of the inaugural Prime Minister’s Science Communication Prize. Elizabeth offered her personal experience as a woman in science and her observations of the challenges and opportunities present in the centre. Sarrah and Elizabeth introduced the science of implicit bias, which has shown that we often act in a biased way despite our best efforts. In the words of Dr. Mahzarin Banaji, the scientist who developed this field of research: “We’d like to believe we are open- minded, fair and without bias, but research shows otherwise. This is an important, even if uncomfortable, realisation for most of us.” Sarrah and Elizabeth made the point that implicit bias is not our fault but rather a direct result of all the visual and cultural stimulus we have received in our lifetimes that has got stuck in our brains. Hidden biases do not make us morally bad. We all have them. And being ashamed and embarrassed doesn’t help. What does help to overcome bias is awareness and empathy. Sarrah and Elizabeth encouraged people to put themselves in the shoes of minorities and imagine what it might be like. Sarrah and Elizabeth suggested practices for becoming aware of bias and being a good ally to minority groups. These included: • Taking implicit bias tests - Project implicit; • Deliberately slowing down decision-making processes to ensure minority groups are considered; • Leading by example by acknowledging personal bias; • Asking trusted colleagues for candid feedback; • Being conscious of the words and physical reactions that surface in interactions with others; consider whether these respect and accommodate different styles; • Being mindful, respectful, curious and supportive of colleagues’ differences; and, • Listening to all voices equally and speaking up if you suspect a colleague’s contribution may be ignored or misappropriated unfairly.

37 EDUCATIONAL AND PUBLIC OUTREACH

Inspiring Science Literacy Nurturing a scientifically and technologically (S&T) literate, and therefore S&T confident public, is critical to Aotearoa’s wellbeing. From opening ENCOURAGING MORE doors to new career paths, to greater adoption of productivity-enhancing technologies, to EVIDENCED-BASED DECISION challenging a world increasingly filled with ‘fake MAKING, AN UNDERSTANDING news’. Encouraging more evidenced-based decision making, an understanding of research and the OF RESEARCH AND THE scientific process provides a critical grounding for SCIENTIFIC PROCESS PROVIDES our society. A CRITICAL GROUNDING FOR As science and technology progresses globally at an unprecedented pace so does its impact on society. OUR SOCIETY. With the research activities we undertake being at the forefront of these advances, the Dodd- Walls Centre has taken to heart its responsibility to engage the wider public so that they can better understand the science and maximise the uptake and benefits from the resulting technologies. To this end the Centre has, since its inception, established a dedicated Education Outreach Committee whose mandate is to lift scientific enthusiasm and literacy. We are proud of our education outreach achievements — which have been varied, far reaching and impactful. During 2018 over 13,000 members of the public were actively engaged in 82 events across Aotearoa and beyond, including reaching out to communities on the Chatham Islands and our Pasifika neighbours in Niue and Rarotonga. These science outreach events were hosted by community partners in learning environments that ranged from schools, kura, museums, marae, homes, festivals, hotels and sports fields. They provided people of all ages and backgrounds the opportunity to learn about physics, photonics and quantum technologies and their Map illustrating the reach of the Dodd-Walls Centre education importance in all our worlds. outreach programmes; http://j.mp/2U1T1vv

38 Stronger Together Research Institutes Partnerships have played a critical role in the Centre’s The extensive research collaborations of the Dodd- science outreach success. They have broadened Walls Centre have increasingly evolved into outreach not just our reach into the population, but also partnerships. Some examples include: the diversity of enthralling content with which to engage, and the talent pool with which to deliver Massive Maths Craft such experiences. The Dodd-Walls Centre has forged Our collaboration with a University of Canterbury-led a suite of outreach partnerships nationally and team helped to develop and deliver what was the internationally, including: hugely popular Maths Craft showcase. Maths Craft drew on the crafty talents of mathematicians from Museum Sector across New Zealand to demonstrate to over 3,000 children and their families in Auckland, Christchurch Museums provide a respected, trusted and readily and Dunedin, the fun and beauty of maths. The accessible channel through which to engage the Maths Craft team also provided professional public in research, science and technology. The development training for school teachers. Dodd-Walls Centre has a long established partnership with Otago Museum. This provides access to New Zealand’s largest team of professional science communicators and a talented team of designers and public promotion expertise. Over 2018 a further keystone partnership was forged with Auckland’s Museum for Transport and Technology (MOTAT) with the co-development of a new Centre for Illumination. These relationships have also opened the door to a network of 400 provincial museums across New Zealand. This has proven to be exceptionally helpful in providing linkages into rural communities for talks and science outreach events. Maths Craft event in Christchurch. Community Organisations Mighty Small Mighty Bright: Science By working closely with marae, community-based organisations (e.g., theatres, sports clubs, astronomy Showcase associations) and schools, the Dodd-Walls Centre has Partnering with the MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced been able to connect at the grassroots level within Materials and Nano-technology on a new mobile communities up and down Aotearoa and tap into exhibition of the physical sciences and emerging events and initiatives that the community is already technologies, called Mighty Small Mighty Bright, has passionate about. This has ranged from bringing enabled the development of a much larger showcase the science of photonics to one of New Zealand’s of hands-on interactives. The complementary premiere festivals of light to running the science of expertise of both these CoREs means a much broader astronomy sessions to support eco-tourism ambitions array of scientific concepts can be demystified for the of Moriori in the Chathams. general public and a larger portfolio of exciting new commercial technologies showcased.

39 Engage, Inspire & Sustain The education outreach activities of the Dodd-Walls Centre have focused on proactively ‘taking science to the country’ rather than expecting the country to happen upon the science. We focus on ensuring that our education outreach activities are delivered in an innovative and memorable fashion so that learners become truly engaged with and inspired by science. Reaching hard to reach communities The Dodd-Walls Centre prides itself on making a real effort to engage those sectors of the population who would otherwise have little or no opportunity to engage in science, and doing so in a fashion that is genuinely meaningful for their style and place of learning. There should be no reason why our next Ernest Rutherford or Beatrice Tinsley shouldn’t come from rural New Zealand, or be from Māori or Pasifika decent, yet currently these populations feel disproportionately remote from our science and innovation system (ref. https://www.curiousminds.nz/assets/Uploads/ Report-on-Public-Engagement-with-Science-Technology- November-2017-Survey.pdf). The Dodd-Walls Centre has made real efforts to connect with these hard-to-reach communities in their place. From demonstrating how spectrometry can be used to measure waterway health in South Auckland to explaining how it is used to understand galaxies in their night skies in the Chatham and Pitt Islands, the Centre has brought relevant and entertaining science to communities that would otherwise have little or no exposure to such experiences. The Dodd-Walls Centre has sought to develop tools to help learners and educators to continue their newly learned love of science beyond the team’s visit. This has involved delivering professional development sessions for teachers, particularly those in remote and rural settings, and developing take-home “Light Matters” science kits that enable parents/caregivers and children/students to continue to explore and experiment at home. Increasingly, “outreach lesson plans” are being developed to leave with educators so they can readily carry on delivering science demonstrations to more learners in their region.

40 Science Wananga We connect with mana whenua on their marae thanks to a collaboration with the University of Otago’s Science Wānanga program. Through the Science Wānanga, our team has managed to deliver unique experiences to marae communities and Dodd-Walls Centre staff and students. Science Wānanga are unlike any traditional outreach events. They are fully immersive scientific and cultural experiences and the content of the wānanga is informed by the needs of the mana whenua. A team of researchers, science communicators and facilitators are invited by iwi to stay on their marae and live, work, and learn alongside 40–60 year 9 and 10 students. It provides the local students with a unique opportunity to learn on their own terms and importantly, in their place; while those working in the outreach team(s) have the opportunity to learn outside of their usual environment within a kaupapa that is framed by the tikanga. From cooking breakfast together, to cleaning up alongside each other, the experience generates a frankness and openness that makes for a trusted learning environment. Over 2018 the outreach teams were hosted by Ngāti Moewhare, Ngāi Te Apatu at Takitimu (Waihīrere) marae in Wairoa, by Ngāti Kahungungu at Kahuranaki marae in Hastings and Arai te Uru marae in Dunedin. Each wānanga presents a unique opportunity to work with students in a place where they can be confident and knowledgeable while at the same time providing learning opportunities for the team form the Dodd-Walls Centre, particularly our students who may not have been on a marae previously. While the facilitators from the Centre explain physics concepts in fun and engaging ways the students from the marae Students testing water quality at the Kahuranaki marae reciprocate by teaching waiata (song) or some kupu in Hastings. hou (new words). As a result, the Dodd-Walls team (comprising of PhD students, Postdoctoral Fellows and faculty members) form a tuakana / teina relationship with the students. Feedback has shown that this has helped change the way students perceive science, from something alien done by strangers, to something more familiar done by people like themselves.

41 Great Northland Science Roadshow The Dodd-Walls Centre supported the University of Auckland’s International Society for Optics and Photonics (SPIE) student chapter’s science roadshow around Northland. Northland was identified as a region lacking science engagement (ref: https://www.curiousminds.nz/assets/Uploads/ UCM-Call-For-Proposals-2018.pdf) so the students set out to rectify this, engaging 1,200 students from 11 schools across Northland. Students enjoying a science show on the Northland Science Roadshow. Students enjoyed an array of dazzling outreach activities such as glowing solutions of luminol, making bottle rockets, camera obscuras and spectrometers. All the workshops were designed to sustain student and teachers’ ongoing interests by using items readily available from hardware stores and supermarkets and/or leaving a set of experiments with the schools so they could continue to experiment and use them in future classes. Sustaining Extreme Engagement – Chatham and Pitt Islands The 2017 Extreme Science expedition to the Chatham Islands by the Dodd Walls Centre and Otago Museum was not only hailed a huge success by the islanders, but was also awarded the 2018 Museums Aotearoa Award for Most Innovative Public Programme. Building on this success, the Dodd Walls Centre and Otago Museum joined forces again in 2018 to return to the Chatham and Pitt Islands. With only three schools, five teachers and no high school, the students and wider community have very little exposure to science. Moreover, being such a remote community means they have a very high turnover of teachers, with every single teacher on the main island being new in 2018. Sustained engagement is critical to maintain the enthusiasm for science so that students elect to pursue it further during their high school studies on the mainland. Pitt Island School in class and in field.

42 The team were hosted at the Kopinga Marae by the local Moriori community. All three schools on the islands were visited (Kaingaroa, Pitt and Te One) and a professional development session provided to all the new teachers at Te One School. Two popular evening events were held at the Chatham Hotel and the Kopinga marae, with a Fabulous Light talk delivered by Dr Frederique Vanholsbeeck and Dr Stephane Coen. The team also worked with the community to embed a seismometer and telescope at Kopinga marae to encourage on-going interest in science. With over 160 people (25% of the population) directly engaged in our events and repeated requests for a return visit in 2019, the impact of our visits is evident. Engaging Pasifika Communities Despite being New Zealand citizens, residents in Niue and Rarotonga have very little science communication. Moreover, these islands, and their pacific counterparts, have a massive alumni networks in New Zealand, who themselves have disproportionately low engagement in STEM. In 2018 the Dodd-Walls Centre and Otago Museum Science Engagement Team embarked on a campaign to bring more science to these islands. The teams spent a week in each of Niue and Rarotonga introducing school students to photonics and physics. More than 650 children and their teachers participated in a range of hands-on science explorations. Highlights included introducing a world of rainbows using diffraction glasses, exploring the invisible parts of the electromagnetic spectrum with UV and infrared camera, and launching water rockets to introduce Newton’s Third Law. The visits were so well received, the schools and governmental agencies involved have requested the team return and assist further with science outreach and potentially establish a science fair for the islands. Travel and logistics were provided by a grant from the Embassy of the United States of America and the generosity of Air New Zealand. Kopinga Marae; Kaingaroa School; Hotel Chathams.

43 Niue Primary School Students.

Creative Centre and Titikaveka School, Rarotonga.

Inspiration via Innovative & Hands-on Approaches Lab-in-a-Box (LIAB) and Tech Tent The Lab in a Box (LIAB) is a unique science outreach platform based in a shipping container. Not only does it provide a fully equipped research lab within which to safely demonstrate science, but it has a huge ‘intrigue factor’. When this big blue box arrives on-site it immediately arouses curiosity amongst students, teachers and the public alike, and this curiosity whets their appetite to learn more about the demonstrations it can deliver. Over 2018 the outreach team used LIAB to engage the public from the steps of Parliament, to agricultural field days, to lake foreshores. Otago Museum’s 25m2 inflatable marque, affectionately known as ‘Tech Tent’, enables outreach events to be taken to parks, sportsgrounds and festivals, giving science a place to be experienced and enjoyed alongside mainstream fun activities.

44 LIAB made a stopover at Parliament grounds over 28 Feb to 1 March. In a collaboration between the Dodd- Walls Centre, the MacDiarmid Institute, Genomics Aotearoa and Otago Museum, sessions and shows were run for the public and school groups. The Minister for Research, Science & Innovation, Hon Megan Woods and the Minister for Education, Hon Chris Hipkins both got the chance to visit together with their officials. It was very well received with the effectiveness of the science communicators together with the novelty of outreach platforms being commented upon. Later in the year LIAB and the DWC team joined the massively popular Queenstown LUMA Festival. Over four days ~48,000 people attended the festival with over 2,500 visiting the LIAB to do a range of light-based LIAB & Tech Tent in action outside Parliament. explorations. It was so popular the festival organisers have asked the team to return in 2019. The Centre actively supported and delivered events at a wide range of festivals and schools throughout New Zealand in 2018 and we continued to engage with new audiences in truly innovative and memorable ways through our partnerships, examples include: • Tūhura Science Centre — Attracting over 90,000 visitors in its first year of operation, the Otago Museum’s Tūhura Science Centre and the Dodd- Walls Centre supported light-based interactives within it have been a huge hit. These hands-on science interactives have introduced the public to the electromagnetic spectrum, enabled them i) Lab-in-a-Box outside Parliament; ii) engaging with to explore refraction and reflection and repeat primary school visitors. Newton’s famous experiment splitting and reforming the colours of the spectrum. i) Lab-in-a-Box on the shores of Lake Wakatipu; ii) Queenstown • Hosting hands-on demonstrations of a Mobius Strip, locals learning about light at the Ghost Bulb, Total Internal Reflection and Rochester/ LUMA event. Invisibility Cloak for the Opening Expo of the 2018 New Zealand International Science Festival (NZISF). • Nelson IDEAS Festival (11–13 April): the Otago Museum outreach team and Centre investigators joined forces to deliver a series of demonstrations and workshops at this large event.

45 • Interplanetary Cycle Trail — further development of the models and interpretations around the landmark Otago Central Rail Trail has enabled the Centre to reach an audience of national and international tourists together with local school students. • Taking hands on science demonstrations and talks directly to schools.

DWC and Otago Museum ready for curious minds at NZISF Expo.

DWC’s Dr Eyal Schwartz demonstrating how LIGO works to Logan Park High School students.

Other Outreach Highlights of 2018 UNESCO International Day of Light Science Celebrations The Centre supported a series of events put on to mark the Inaugural UNESCO International Day of Light, with DWC Director, David Hutchinson, chairing the New Zealand International Day of Light Committee. Keynote events included Enlighten — a hands-on science event organised by the Dodd-Walls Centre, Otago Museum and the Otago Optics Chapter. Over 150 visitors enjoyed a series of light- based science demonstrations including fibre optics and total internal reflection, using diffraction glasses, fluorescence and Participants at Enlighten. playing laser chess game. Another highlight was the lighting of the Auckland Harbour Bridge by Vector to kick off and celebrate the Day with the bridge light show streamed at the official opening in Paris.

46 Expert Insights: Quantum Cryptography Dodd-Walls Centre Science Advisory Board Member, Prof Artur Ekert (Centre for Quantum Technologies, Singapore and Merton College, Oxford) delivered a presentation, hosted by the Hon Dr Megan Woods, in Parliament‘s Grand Hall. Private sector leaders along with Ministers and public sector leaders from the TEC, MBIE, Finance and Defence sectors, came to hear about encryption and the role that quantum technology may play in the future of information security — from the perspective of both the promises and risks it offers society. Prof Ekert also delivered a public talk at the Otago Museum in Dunedin entitled Is There a Perfect Cipher?

Flight to the Lights 2: Chasing Heavenly Lights Through its partnership with the Otago Museum, Flight to Lights II; Flight to the Lights II outreach team from the Centre supported a competition for three pairs Dodd Walls Centre & Otago Museum. of seats on a chartered Boeing 787 Dreamliner flight chasing auroras in the Southern Ocean close to Antarctica. The competition proved extremely popular with over 1,500 entries being received within 10 days. This unique experience celebrating this natural lighting phenomenon, received extensive national and international media coverage.

NASA’s Col. Mike Hopkins Over 9–12 April, through its partnership with Otago Museum, the Centre co-hosted NASA’s Col. Hopkins. Col Hopkins was extremely generous with his time, Col. Hopkins inspecting the Dodd-Walls Centre supported undertaking a large number of events in a whirlwind Interplanetary Cycle Trail with locals. visit that left over 1,500 people across Otago inspired by this talks and travels.

47 INDUSTRY ACTIVITIES

Photonics and quantum technologies underpin a start-up company. The Centre now has several products and services in a vast range of industries successful and developing company start-ups that in the modern economy. The total revenue of core are commercialising IP created through university photonics component industries is measured in the research and co-creation with industry partners. hundreds-of-billions of dollars globally while the The start-ups and others closely related to the DWC value of industries enabled by photonics is worth include Engender Technologies, Photonic Innovations, trillions of dollars. Much of the influence of these Orbis Diagnostics Ltd, Coherent Solutions, and technologies is hidden, pervasive though it is, and the Southern Photonics. Dodd-Walls Centre aims to ensure wider recognition In addition, the need for photonics training is of their importance, while leveraging New Zealand’s increasingly acknowledged by large New Zealand research strengths for the benefit of our economy companies, which recognise that this topic is not As a Centre of Research Excellence, we aim to train taught in traditional engineering schools. Often an appropriately skilled workforce and to attract the the first connection with a company is through an world’s best talent to enhance the growth of New industry placement which results in the value of the Zealand’s high-tech manufacturing industries. We are photonics training being experienced for the first currently supporting the development of a database time. As an example Fisher and Paykel Healthcare of photonics companies in Australia and New Zealand (with whom researchers within the Dodd-Walls in collaboration with the Australian Optical Society, Centre have collaborated for over twenty years) has to quantify the importance of this sector. Photonics employed dozens of photonics trained graduate and is an ideal focus for New Zealand companies because undergraduate students. the capital investment requirements are modest while the products are of high value and are relatively low The focal point of contact cost to deploy in the market. The barriers to entry in the photonics marketplace are relatively low and it is The Centre has established itself as New Zealand’s considerably less complex than several other high- most valuable resource in in the areas of photonics tech areas to establish new and profitable enterprises. and quantum technologies. We are the focal point that coordinates the geographically spread experts The Dodd-Walls Centre aims to establish a domestic understanding different niche technologies in these ecosystem of photonics-related companies that will areas, as essentially all of New Zealand’s academics attract investment, stimulate R&D activity across a and researchers who work in photonics and quantum variety of industries and provide viable career options technology, are associated with the Centre. for our world-class and highly-trained graduates whilst preparing and developing for the new wave Our industry team is tasked with sharing the of quantum technology companies on the horizon. competencies and capabilities of our centre with Research students in the Dodd-Walls Centre are both industry and government, so that the full utility a core focus, and one of our greatest strengths. of this resource is realised. Students and recent graduates are ideally positioned Through our wide network and the national for starting local photonics ventures. They are representation of our members, we are able to trained in state-of-the-art technology development engage with industry across the country and globally, and have the time, financial freedom and energy in a more fully representative way than any single to forge an exciting career path for themselves. An entity working alone. By representing our expertise at important motivation for student-driven start-ups is an international level, we are also well placed to seek provided by the role-modelling of recent graduates opportunities beyond our Centre members, for the who have successfully made the transition into wider benefit of New Zealand.

48 Focus on the Future Where do our students go? Our students are the central part of our activities, and academic research is only one of the many options open to our graduates. Businesses face increasing STEM skill shortages and our students have much to offer in terms of technical knowledge and skills which can benefit both research and industry. Our graduates are equipped to pursue many varied careers and are sought for their flexibility, problem-solving skills, and exposure to a range of technologies. A Dodd-Walls doctoral student has immense options open to them in their career options. A recent UK study of PhD graduates ‘What Do Physics doctorates in non-academic roles: breakdown by sector Researchers Do’, revealed that 70% of physical (sample of 167 graduates). sciences and engineering doctorate holders are working outside academia three and a half years after graduating. This percentage is common across the globe and is applicable to our students. Career destinations included health, business, finance, consultancy, engineering, sales &marketing in roles such as actuarial trainee, credit risk analyst, patent examiner, global energy manager, statistician and aerodynamics engineer. What do our students earn? This tendency is also backed up1 in New Zealand. Not only do physics graduates go on to a wide variety of careers, they earn more. Physics and Astronomy graduates earn more than for any other degree, with computer scientists and chemists also highly remunerated. This is an added premium given that on average a graduate earns $1.6 M more than a non-graduate over their lifetime2. To enhance our engagement with industry and to support our students moving towards careers in industry, in 2018 we employed a Business References: Development Manager, Shannon Scown. Shannon 1. Koslow, S. (2005). If creative scientists sustain New Zealand’s economy, how is science education doing? Insights from recent university science graduates. A report prepared for has had immediate impact with our students, and the New Zealand Universities Science Council, Royal Society of New Zealand. is keen to support new initiatives as well as working 2. https://www.universitiesnz.ac.nz/latest-news-and-publications/degree-smart-investment well to liaise between our researchers, tech transfer offices and the wider business community.

49 Proof of Concept funding technology transfer office, we will support the investigators in the next stage of the projects We consider ourselves a key element of the evolution on an as required basis. A further round will innovation ecosystem, providing research to enable be held in 2019. commercialisation and a steady stream of students for New Zealand’s high value technological future. Student Workshops As such we support and leverage strengths of the existing research commercialisation ecosystem, The Dodd-Walls Centre facilitates workshops aimed including members of the national commercialisation at encouraging our students to consider starting up partner network (Return On Science and KiwiNet companies to exploit their research or other ideas that come to them during the course of their research For example, in 2018 one of our researchers won work. Such workshops are available in many related the Otago Innovation Ltd Proof of Concept Grant forms but they all provide valuable experience competition which provides $50,000 to take an idea for students who have an interest in becoming through to proof of viability. This was the first time entrepreneurs. In the last three years we have sent a physical sciences concept had won this award. students to the “Get Funded!” workshop organised Notably, the second place entry also came from a by KiwiNet in Auckland, and also put on a dedicated researcher in a Dodd-Walls Centre lab. In addition, workshop at the University of Otago (“the Otago Dodd-Walls Centre members made numerous Postgraduate Enterprise and Innovation Workshop”). presentations through the year to Return on Both of these formats use a version of the “Lean Science’s Physical Sciences Panel which advises on Canvas” methodology, involve students learning the support of new disclosures from the Pre-Seed to work in teams towards a common goal. The Accelerator Fund (PSAF), including at least five new workshops provide instruction and practice in market or significantly progressed disclosures. At least one of research, identification and development of the skills these ideas was established by a student through one necessary to determine whether an enterprise might of the DWC forums to identify commercial ideas and succeed, and they provide an opportunity for the give advice on building a business case. students to develop an investment pitch for ’their We also undertake value-adding activities within it, project’. We have found that while only a few of such as the proof of concept funding we offered in the ideas that are presented have real commercial 2018. This funding was established after we observed potential, this is of secondary importance as the skills that technology transfer offices’ appetite is greatest developed in the workshops are of great value to for technologies and inventions is once a proof of students in their subsequent careers. concept has been demonstrated. Our fund has been created to bridge the gap for members' 'good ideas' to the proof of concept stage. We provide further support through our dedicated DWC development laboratories in the Centre for Innovation at Otago and in Otago House in Auckland for prototype and proof of concept development. The first funding round attracted five applications and the industry team are working with these investigators to support their idea development. If the projects are successful and the ideas are accepted as having sufficient data/evidence to progress through to proof of concept by the investigator’s Attendees at a “Get Funded” workshop at the University of Auckland.

50 Examples of DWC Industry Interactions with European Agencies Engagement in 2018 The DWC is a member of the European Photonics Industry Consortium (EPIC) (https://www.epic- The Centre continued to expand our industry assoc.com/) and participates in several of their networks over 2018. While commercial sensitivities meetings, which are generally co located with major will not allow us to share many of our successes, the international conferences, at which DWC staff are following examples help to demonstrate the breadth presenting papers. EPIC is a key enabler of industry of our industry linkages. developments in photonics, and provides the Centre Interactions with the Defence Sector with linkages to hundreds of photonics companies and research groups worldwide. Our researchers are well connected with various national and international defence agencies who The DWC has participated in a number of meetings engage with us and recruit our graduates. These on strategic developments in photonics in agencies include the Defence Technology Agency Europe, and is recognised as the contact point for (DTA) in New Zealand, the US Air Force Research developments in photonics in New Zealand. We Laboratories (US AFRL), and the equivalent agencies contributed to an important forum, organised by in the US naval and army sectors. In addition, we Photon Delta (https://www.photondelta.eu/), with a have recently started to engage with the Australian goal to develop a roadmap for integrated photonics Defence Industry and Innovation Hub, which has manufacturing. At the 2018 meeting, the Industry widened its funding scope to include New Zealand. Team leader was asked to be co-leader of a workshop This is a strategic move by the Hub to bolster the on the use of photonic technologies in agriculture, capabilities, and to underpin the development of new and he has been invited to attend the follow up commercial enterprises in the region in photonics. meeting of the World Technology Mapping forum in Berlin in June of 2019. During his 2018 trip, John was The industry team leader, John Harvey, has able to visit a number of other Universities to discuss regular meetings with DTA. Following on from collaborative projects including Aston University and our participation in a meeting at the US consulate the University of Strathclyde. in December 2017 with NASA’s Emerging Space Program Executive involving NZDIA, Airbus, NZUS As a Vice President of the International Commission for Council, ATEED and the DTA, John was invited to Optics (ICO) (one of their two industry representatives). help organise a meeting with visiting staff from the John Harvey travelled to the Netherlands in October AFRL (Sensors and Materials Directorate, Office of 2018 to participate in the annual meeting of the Scientific Research, and Asian Office of Aerospace ICO Bureau, and has been asked to develop a new Research and Development) who have projects prize to be awarded annually by the ICO for regional with universities in Australia and wanted to explore development in Optics (he chairs the committee for possible collaboration with the DTA and universities Regional Development in Optics, CREDO). in NZ on topics of mutual interest. This meeting took As President of the Australian Optical Society place in December 2018, and the DWC has been (AOS) Professor Harvey has been instrumental in invited to submit a funding proposal to the AFRL promoting a survey of the importance of Photonics during 2019. In addition, the DTA has commissioned to the economies of Australia and New Zealand. a report from DWC researchers on Quantum In 2018 he met with the author of a recent report Technologies and their applications in the Defence on Photonics in the UK (see https://photonicsuk. sector. org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/UK_Photonics_ The_Hidden_Economy.pdf), and has arranged for a similar report to be undertaken for the Australasian

51 region in 2019. This report is primarily funded by Translating research into the AOS but also has contributions from the DWC and professional organizations in the USA. These technology reports are of significant interest to Governments and Presentations to Return on Science (ROS) Ministries, and the UK report has been followed up in recent months with reports on the whole European Return on Science is the prime route to translating Photonics industry, on the importance of Photonics university research to commercialisation in New to the Scottish economy, and on its relevance to the Zealand, through the Pre Seed Accelerator Fund Netherlands. (PSAF), and the venture capital market. Initially based at Uniservices (University of Auckland), the ROS Emphasis on AgTech meetings are now held around the country. ROS has In 2018 we have continued the emphasis on five committees and the DWC ideas are generally agricultural technologies through our interactions presented to the Physical Sciences committee, which with a number of AgTech-focused companies and in meets monthly. During 2018 the DWC engaged with developing new sensors of interest to the agricultural ROS on several occasions. sector. These sensors are likely to have a big impact Cather Simpson and associated researchers and in the 5-10 year time scale (including quantum investors gave updates to the ROS Committee in April technologies such as gravimeters and sensors for 2018 on the status of the two start-up companies monitoring animal physiology), but it is in making using photonic technologies: Orbis Diagnostics and incremental improvements to the technologies Engender Technologies. already deployed in our primary industries that the biggest economic returns are likely to be made in the Professors Neil Broderick, Cather Simpson and shorter term. To this end, the DWC commissioned John Harvey gave a presentation to ROS on the a report in 2018 by an independent New Zealand potential for the development of a service company consultant with decades of experience in the area. utilising femtosecond lasers for material processing This report will assist us in prioritising working with applications in August 2018. the many possible enterprises in this sector. Luke Taylor gave a presentation to ROS at their November meeting on a new type of filter for the optical detection of analytes down to extremely low concentrations. This project was developed from student participation in a forum to identify commercialisation ideas, and give instruction in building business cases.

DWC PI Cather Simpson led her laser-based company Engender Technologies to acquisition in 2018. Cather remains an AI in the Centre whilst continuing to guide Engender to commercial success in partnership with its new owners.

52 Examples of DWC Industry Events in 2018 Again, the Centre was involved in a number of events and we had the opportunity to present to national and international companies about the research that we undertake. Examples of some events that were of interest to a broad cross-section of the business community were: TechWeek 2018 Interface event at the Grid Auckland As part of TechWeek 2018, the Dodd-Walls Centre ran a joint event with the MacDiarmid Institute. Our industry team leader, John Harvey, MC'd the event, which showcased four industry / CoRE collaborations that had been successfully developed over the last year (two from each Centre of Research Excellence). The event also served as the opportunity to announce the new companies that we will be working with in 2019. Tech After Five Also as part of TechWeek, in partnership with the Otago Chamber of Commerce and Otago Museum, we held an after-work meeting in the Museum’s Beautiful Science Gallery and Tūhura Otago Community Trust Science Centre. The event brought together Chamber members from across the high-tech sector so that they could see some of the science being undertaken at the Dodd-Walls Centre, meet researchers and also play in the wonderful new science centre, also sponsored by the Dodd-Walls Centre. Privacy and Security in a Quantum Age in the Grand Hall, Parliament On May 10th inventor of Device Independent Quantum Key Distribution, and DWC Science Advisory Board member, Professor Artur Ekert (University of Oxford and Director of the Centre for Quantum Technologies in Singapore) gave a presentation in Parliament hosted by Hon. Dr Megan Woods, Minister for Research, Science and Innovation. Quantum Key Distribution is a means of securing information transmission with no chance of interception. The importance of quantum information processing and security was highlighted to an audience of politicians, civil servants, business, defence and banking sectors.

Prof Arthur Ekert addresses the audience in the Grand Hall, Parliament Buildings.

53 STRATEGIC OUTCOMES

The research plan of the Dodd-Walls Centre and our strategic initiatives will deliver results in six key outcome areas as follows:

Increased Scientific Impact

• Foster cutting-edge translational research by collaboration across different areas of research • Establish a pipeline of new research to scientific and industrial communities • Establish New Zealand as a hub of international conferences and events • Raise the international profile of the Dodd-Walls Centre as a world-class research centre

Enhanced Economic Output

• New start-up businesses with support from external capital • Foster initiatives with established New Zealand enterprises • Attract investment from overseas multi-national corporations

A Stronger Workforce

• Build expertise in research translation to commercialisation • Build a pool of highly trained individuals with interest in high-tech and other skilled jobs • Link the pool of highly trained individuals to companies in need of these skills

Better Careers

• Foster skills that enable a variety of career options for students and staff • Enhance career development through opportunities for leadership within the Dodd-Walls Centre • Address barriers to participation or advancement related to gender and diversity

Improved Decision-Making

• Offer advice on matters of scientific or technological importance to government • Use and share best practice governance and management for research centres • Engage with government agencies about performance and impact • Use performance reports to demonstrate how outcomes will be achieved

Improved Scientific Literacy

• Educational outreach programmes established or augmented through museums and in rural areas • Programmes enhance the experience of learning about science, encouraging further participation by students, teachers, whānau and the general public • Scientific educational materials generated as part of the programmes is available to teachers

54 WE ARE RANKED IN THE TOP TEN INSTITUTIONS FROM NEW ZEALAND IN THE NATURE INDEX (IN 8TH WE WORK WITH SOME OF POSITION IN 2018). NEW ZEALAND’S LARGEST BRANDS AND WE HAVE FOSTERED START-UP BUSINESSES SUCH AS ENGENDER TECHNOLOGIES.

OUR RESEARCH EXTENDS FROM THEORETICAL TO COMMERCIAL AND WE HAVE HAD SPIN-OUT COMPANIES FORMED. THIS BREADTH OF RESEARCH PROVIDES EXPOSURE FOR OUR STUDENTS ACROSS THE RESEARCH SPECTRUM AND WE WORK CLOSELY WITH OUR STUDENTS TO PROVIDE THEM OPPORTUNITIES THE OPPORTUNITIES OFFERED THAT BENEFIT BOTH THEM AND TO OUR STUDENTS MAKE OUR THE COMPANIES THEY JOIN. GRADUATES SOUGHT AFTER IN THE MARKETPLACE, THEY ARE PROVIDED OPPORTUNITIES FROM START-UP WORKSHOPS TO LEARNING TIKANGA MAORI THROUGH PARTICIPATION IN WANANGA.

OUR RESEARCHERS SERVE IN ROLES ON NUMEROUS PUBLIC SECTOR PANELS AND BOARDS. THROUGH THESE THEY ARE ABLE TO ENGAGE WITH GOVERNMENT AGENCIES TO ADD EXPERTISE TO DECISION MAKING OR DATA ANALYSIS. WE ALSO PROVIDE EXPERT ADVICE E.G. EKERT’S ADDRESS IN PARLIAMENT THROUGH OUR EDUCATIONAL AND ADVICE PAPERS TO THE DEFENCE OUTREACH PROGRAMMES WE TECHNOLOGY AGENCY (DTA). CONTINUE TO MAKE A SIGNIFICANT CONTRIBUTION TO IMPROVING THE SCIENTIFIC LITERACY OF ALL NEW ZEALANDERS AND MORE RECENTLY SOME OF OUR PACIFIC NEIGHBOURS. WORKING WITH MUSEUMS AND OTHER PARTNERS, WE CREATE PROGRAMMES AND RESOURCES TO PROVIDE OPPORTUNITIES FOR ONGOING LEARNING AND DISCOVERY.

55 VALUE CREATION IN THE DODD-WALLS CENTRE

The Dodd-Walls Centre’s research themes and management teams are linked and resourced such that the capital resources effectively support activities and produce outputs that over time are delivering impact and achieving strategic outcomes. The Dodd-Walls Centre’s value chain is illustrated here:

CAPITAL INPUTS • Human and intellectual capital • Manufactured capital (physical assets) • Financial capital

STRUCTURE AND OPERATIONS • Research and collaboration (nationally and internationally) • Competence and capacity development of researchers and students • Engagement and collaboration with industry • Educational and public outreach activities • Excellent governance and management practices • Strong scientific and industry advisory panels comprised of leading scientists and industry leaders respectively

ACTIVITIES AND OUTPUTS • Excellence in research outputs and professional activities • Creation of new knowledge • IP commercialisation and co-creation of IP with partners in R&D contracts • Training and career developpment for researchers and students • Educational activities and resources • Productive national and international relationships • Increased collaborations and increased external funding

IMPACTS AND OUTCOMES • Short term: direct impact of DWC research, training, industry contracts, education outreach • Medium term: contribution to future workforce, wealth generation and increased science literacy; increase in number of STEM students; increased connectivity between the science and industry sectors • Long term: capability development for industry through high quality training of a research workforce skilled in the application of research; contributions to the place of science in society and the economy; growth of the high-tech industry sector in NZ and new high-value products; better decision making through increased science literacy; increased wellbeing through improved economic performance and equity

56 COMMUNICATING WITH METAPHORS

When it comes to communicating what they do at The programme was run by Elizabeth Connor, science work, Dodd-Walls researchers have an unusually communicator and inaugural winner of the Prime tough challenge. Although their research is Minister’s Science Communication Prize along with profoundly important for society, it is intensely videographer Sam Ritchie. complex and technical, which can make it inaccessible It began with a training workshop introducing to general audiences. fundamental communication principles and tools for And yet scientists need to communicate their engaging your audience. It focused on metaphors research in order to get funding, apply for jobs, – one of the most powerful ways of making science collaborate with industry, teach, inspire the next accessible. After that each researcher had a chance generation of scientists, and generally explain to go away and develop ideas for their video. Next, themselves. The future of science depends on it! a coaching session with Elizabeth helped them hone their ideas. Finally, they each presented their In 2018 the Dodd-Walls Centre launched a research to camera. The videos produced will be communication training programme to empower an invaluable resource for the researchers and the researchers to communicate with general Dodd-Walls Centre. audiences. It began with seven researchers from the University of Otago - a mixture of students, Here we introduce three of the participating postdocs and principal investigators. The outcome researchers and the metaphors they came up with. of the programme was a series of videos with each researcher explaining his or her research.

In her PhD in theoretical quantum physics, Petra is exploring the quantum world by analysing experiments with ultra-cold atoms. She explains: “Quantum physics is all around us but the effects are so tiny we never notice them. It is a bit like trying to hear a mouse squeak in a wall of a concert hall while an orchestra is playing. To hear the mouse you would have to quieten the orchestra, turn off the air conditioning and stop the traffic outside. Even then you might need to put a microphone up to the wall to hear the mouse. In the same way we have to cool atoms down to ultracold temperatures to remove all the noisy distractions and reveal the quantum world.” And here’s what Petra said about the training programme: “I’m an over thinker who stresses about everything Petra Fersterer: Quantum Detective. I say, yet I left feeling like I did a good job and was really proud afterwards. That was an awesome experience to have!”

57 A Principal Investigator in the Dodd-Walls Centre, Harald is developing technologies to enable quantum computers to communicate with each other. This will make it possible to send quantum information around the world and solve really complicated problems. He explains: “The current superconducting quantum computers are great. The problem is they can’t talk to each other. Each one lives in a cryostat (a very cold fridge) which is like a quiet room. They need to be so cold because the information the quantum computer produces is in microwave photons which is like a very quiet whisper. They want to communicate with each other but they can only whisper. And outside the cryostat is like a noisy room. We have developed a method called up- conversion which converts the microwave photon into a visible photon which is more like a shout.” Harald Schwefel: Helping Quantum And here’s what Harald said about the training programme: Computers Talk to Each Other. “With practice comes confidence and the workshop provided a welcoming atmosphere to communicate our science to a general audience. Highlighting some of the concepts with metaphors was quite fun!”

Also a Principal Investigator in the Dodd-Walls Centre, Blair is a quantum theorist exploring the quantum world through cold gases: “I’m a practical kind of person but to me the most magical thing in this world is the law of quantum mechanics. Sometimes I feel like an explorer who has just discovered the Galapagos Islands. There are all these new things to do and see and we can make predictions that experimentalists can explore.” And here’s what Blair said about the training programme: “People are genuinely curious and want to hear from scientists. The workshop was excellent at teaching me how to put myself in someone else’s shoes, and how to appreciate the challenges and opportunities of talking to a different audience.”

Blair Blaikie: Quantum Explorer.

58 FACTS AND FIGURES

Broad category Detailed category Y4 (2018)

Value of CoRE funding from TEC ($M) 5.04 FTEs by category Principal Investigators 3.05 Associate Investigators 0.83 Postdoctoral Fellows 8.99 Research Technicians 0.60 Administrative/Support 4.29 Research Students (26.33 funded by the DWC) 109.07 Total 126.83 Headcounts by category Principal Investigators 24 Associate Investigators 31 Postdoctoral Fellows 31 Research Technicians 9 Administrative/Support/ Management 10 Research Students (32 funded by the DWC) 138 Total 243 Peer reviewed research Journal articles 125 outputs by type Books 0 Book chapters 0 Conference papers 34 Other 0 Total 159 Value of external research Vote Science and Innovation contestable funds 7.14 contracts awarded by Other NZ Government 0.01 source ($M NZD) Domestic - private sector funding 0.18 Overseas 0.09 Host/Partner Support 0.01 Total 7.43 Commercial activities Patent applications 1 Patents granted 3 Invention disclosures 7 Total number of spinouts (2015-2018) 2 Students studying at Doctoral degree 94 CoRE by level Other 44 Total 138 Number of students Doctoral degree 23 completing qualifications Other 18 by level Total 41 Immediate post-study Further study in NZ 7 graduate destinations Further study overseas 6 Employed in NZ 22 Employed overseas 2 Other 2 Unknown 2 Total 41

59 The Dodd-Walls Centre receives funding 2018 INCOME BY SOURCE ($M NZD) from sources other than the TEC’s CoREs Fund and the additional funding Host Support, NZ government 0.01 CoRE income, contributes directly to research projects 5.04 in the four Research Themes. Some Overseas funding; DWC staff and student members are 0.09 supported by these external research funds, whereas others are supported by CoRE funding. The membership profile includes all DWC members, while the NZ private sector financial report indicates only those funding, 0.18 directly supported by CoRE funds. Other NZ government income, 7.15

The DWC has a total of 55 Investigators GRADUATE DESTINATIONS (including the Director and Deputy Director) and 40 other research staff. Further study in NZ; 7 Doctoral students (44) comprise 39% of the total membership of the DWC unknown; 2 and in addition to research training, employed in NZ; 22 many of our strategic activities involve other; 2 students including educational outreach employed overseas; 2 activities, Ka Hikitia, and industry interface and R&D. DWC strategic and central activities are led and supported further study overseas; 6 by 4 managers and 5 administrative/ support staff.

All DWC students undertake research MEMBERSHIP PROFILE and most of them at the highest level in PhD programmes. Those categorised as Principal ‘Other’ in the Table (students studying Investigators, 24 at CoRE by level) include masters, Associate Investigators, 31 honours, and postgraduate diploma PhD students, 94 students. Some of these students will go on to PhD programmes while others Postdoctoral/ Research Fellows, go on to employment in New Zealand or 31 overseas. Graduate destinations include Resarch all PhD and other degree students. Technician/ Engineers, 9 other postgraduate students, 44 Admin/Support/ Management, 10 60 FINANCES

Report by Programme 2018

Actual Budget

Income 5,039,000 5,039,000

Salaries and related costs Director, PI and AI 371,853 379,170 Postdoctoral Fellows 599,349 888,134 Others - Managers & Salary-related costs 199,421 225,823 Total salaries and related costs 1,170,623 1,493,127

Overheads 996,006 1,488,627

Research operating expenditure and depreciation Theme 1a Photonic sensing & imaging 205,041 288,000 Theme 1b Photonic sources & components 323,061 211,000 Theme 2a Quantum fluids & gases 128,107 150,000 Theme 2b Quantum manipulation & information 91,775 241,998 Pool opex (New & Emerging Researchers) 260,080 571,924 Total research operating expenditure 1,008,065 1,462,922

Scholarships awarded 980,575 826,919 Scholarships pool - -

Strategic operating expenditure Industry Outreach & consultants 167,159 213,000 Educational Outreach 72,889 70,000 Ka Hikitia 29,121 30,000 Total strategic operating expenditure 269,169 313,000

Centre operating expenditure Travel Pool (Research) 197,609 100,000 other centre costs 372,778 425,679 Total centre operating expenditure 570,387 525,679

Total expenditure 4,994,826 6,110,274 Net surplus* 44,174 -1,071,274

* The surplus in FY2018 is a planned budgetary surplus that contributes to operational funds in future years; the budgetary surplus for the six years of CoRE funding is $0.

61 MEMBERS, GOVERNANCE AND MANAGEMENT

DWC Board members

DR GARTH CARNABY, CHAIR DR DIANNE MCCARTHY FRSNZ, MNZM, CNZM CRSNZ, ONZM, CNZM Dr Garth Carnaby spent the Dianne has extensive experience in first part of his career applying a number of senior management mathematics and physics to the and governance roles in the tertiary industrial utilisation of wool. education, science and health Today he runs his own company sectors. The former CEO of the Royal providing research, governance, Society of New Zealand, she is now and consultancy, in the science, Chair of the New Zealand Institute agriculture, manufacturing, food, of Economic Research, a Director of and wool fields. He is a past the Cawthron Institute, a member President of the Royal Society of of the Healthier Lives National New Zealand and past chair of Science Challenge Governance the Marsden Fund. He currently Group, and Chair of the Ageing chairs the NZ Synchrotron Group Well National Science Challenge Ltd and Wool Industry Research Governance Group. She is a Trustee Ltd. He was made a Member of of the Malaghan Institute of Medical NZ Order of Merit (MNZM) in Research and the Hearing Research 2006 for services to the wool Foundation (NZ). She was made an industry and a Companion Officer of the New Zealand Order of (CNZM) in 2018 for services to Merit for her services to Education Science and Governance. in 2008, a Companion of the Royal Society of New Zealand for her services to Science in 2015, and MS CHARLOTTE WALSHE a Companion of the New Zealand Charlotte Walshe is the Chief Order of Merit for her services Executive Officer of Christchurch to science, business and women based Jade Software in 2016. Corporation. Charlotte, with degrees from the University of Canterbury in mathematics and physics as well as in Entrepreneurial Development from the MIT Sloan School of Management, has a background in the technology and export sectors. Charlotte is current a director on the Board of New Zealand Trade and Enterprise, and was CEO of Dynamic Controls for more than a decade prior to joining Jade Software.

62 MR IAN TAYLOR PROFESSOR RICHARD BLAIKIE CNZM FRSNZ Ian Taylor is an innovator Professor Richard Blaikie and business leader whose is Deputy Vice-Chancellor companies include Taylormade (Research and Enterprise) Media and Animation Research at the University of Otago Limited, the latter renowned and Professor in Physics. He for its sports graphics and is a former Director of the decision review systems. Ian is MacDiarmid Institute (2008-11), of Ngāti Kahungunu and Nga former member of the Marsden Puhi descent, has a law degree Fund Council and served for one from the University of Otago and year on the New Zealand Science a background in broadcasting. Board (2011). He was awarded He was named the 2019 New the Hector Medal in 2013 for his Zealand Innovator of the Year, fundamental and wide-ranging the 2013 Outstanding Māori contributions to the field of Business Leader of the Year nano-optics and a Thomson and the 2010 New Zealander Medal in 2015 in recognition of of the Year. In 2012, Ian was his science leadership. appointed a Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit for services to television and business.

PROFESSOR JIM METSON PROFESSOR RICHARD BARKER Professor Metson is the Deputy Professor Barker was appointed Vice-Chancellor (Research) at Pro-Vice-Chancellor of the Division The University of Auckland. He of Sciences at the University of is a physical chemist, co-founder Otago in 2017 and is proud to of the University’s Research head the Division at New Zealand’s Centre for Surface and Materials most science intensive university. Science and of the Light Metals Richard joined the Department of Research Centre, a founding Mathematics and Statistics at the member of the MacDiarmid University of Otago in 1998, was Institute, and he has worked appointed Professor of Statistics extensively with international in 2007, and was Head of the industry. He was Chief Science Department of Mathematics and Advisor to NZ’s MBIE and the NZ Statistics from 2008 to 2016. His Government’s representative research speciality is Bayesian on the science group that hierarchical modelling and statistical developed the Australian ecology. Richard is also a current Synchrotron. director on the Boards of Oritain Global Ltd and Dinsdale Ltd. 63 Investigators, Management and Administration

Last Name First Name Title Institution Role in the DWC Hutchinson David Professor University of Otago Director Broderick Neil Professor The University of Auckland Deputy Director Aguergaray Claude Dr The University of Auckland Associate Investigator Albert Michael Professor University of Otago Principal Investigator Andersen Mikkel Dr University of Otago Principal Investigator Auguié Baptiste Dr Victoria Uni. of Wellington Associate Investigator Baillie Danny Dr University of Otago Associate Investigator Ballagh Rob Professor University of Otago Principal Investigator Blaikie Richard Professor University of Otago Associate Investigator Blakie Blair Professor University of Otago Principal Investigator Borbely Joseph Dr Callaghan Innovation, MSL Associate Investigator Bradley Ashton Dr University of Otago Principal Investigator Brand Joachim Professor Massey University Principal Investigator Brasch Nicola Professor Auckland Uni. Of Technology Associate Investigator Bubanja Vladimir Dr Callaghan Innovation Associate Investigator Carmichael Howard Professor The University of Auckland Principal Investigator Cheyne Juliette Dr The University of Auckland Associate Investigator Coen Stephane A/Professor The University of Auckland Principal Investigator Craigie Cameron Dr AgResearch NZ Ltd Associate Investigator Croft James Dr University of Otago Associate Investigator Davis Nathaniel Dr Victoria Uni. Of Wellington Associate Investigator Deb Amita Dr University of Otago Associate Investigator Erkintalo Miro Dr The University of Auckland Principal Investigator Golovko Vladimir Dr University of Canterbury Associate Investigator Gordon Keith Professor University of Otago Principal Investigator Grant Craig Dr Otago Museum Ed. Outreach Manager Griffin Ian Dr Otago Museum Honorary Fellow Harvey John Professor The University of Auckland Industry Team Leader Hodgkiss Justin Dr Victoria Uni. of Wellington Associate Investigator Hoogerland Maarten Dr The University of Auckland Principal Investigator Jin Jianyong Dr The University of Auckland Associate Investigator Jones Marcus Dr Auckland Uni. Of Technology Associate Investigator Kaipio Jari Professor The University of Auckland Associate Investigator Kjærgaard Niels A/Professor University of Otago Principal Investigator Krauskopf Bernd Professor The University of Auckland Principal Investigator Künnemeyer Rainer A/Professor Victoria Uni. of Wellington Associate Investigator Le Ru Eric Professor Victoria Uni. of Wellington Associate Investigator Leonhardt Rainer A/Professor The University of Auckland Principal Investigator Longdell Jevon A/Professor University of Otago Principal Investigator McCane Brendan A/Professor University of Otago Associate Investigator McGoverin Cushla Dr The University of Auckland Associate Investigator Murdoch Stuart Dr The University of Auckland Principal Investigator Nieuwoudt Michel Dr The University of Auckland Associate Investigator Parkins Scott A/Professor The University of Auckland Principal Investigator Reeves Roger Professor University of Canterbury Associate Investigator Reid Michael Professor University of Canterbury Associate Investigator Reis Marlon Dr AgResearch NZ Ltd Associate Investigator Schwefel Harald Dr University of Otago Principal Investigator Simpson Cather Professor The University of Auckland Principal Investigator Smith Catherine Dr University of Otago Associate Investigator Taylor Luke Dr University of Otago Prototype Manager

64 Last Name First Name Title Institution Role in the DWC Van Wijk Kasper A/Professor The University of Auckland Principal Investigator Vanholsbeeck Frédérique Dr The University of Auckland Principal Investigator Vogt Dominik Dr The University of Auckland Associate Investigator Waterhouse Geoff A/Professor The University of Auckland Associate Investigator Wells Jon Paul Professor University of Canterbury Principal Investigator Xu Peter Professor The University of Auckland Associate Investigator Zülicke Ulrich Professor Victoria Uni. of Wellington Associate Investigator Hoskin Paul Mr University of Otago Programme Manager Scown Shannon Ms The University of Auckland BD Manager Evans Diana Ms University of Otago PA/Administrator Foster Anita Ms University of Otago Administrator Baikie Susan Ms University of Otago Administrator Miles Dee Ms The University of Auckland Administrator Sirisena Premika Ms The University of Auckland Administrator

Postdoctoral and Research Fellows

Last Name First Name Title Institution Position Balabhadra Sangeetha Dr University of Canterbury Postdoctoral Fellow Canela Victor Dr The University of Auckland Postdoctoral Fellow Cink Ruth Dr The University of Auckland Postdoctoral Fellow Ding Boyang Dr University of Otago Postdoctoral Fellow Ebling Ulrich Dr Massey University Postdoctoral Fellow Garbin Bruno Dr The University of Auckland Postdoctoral Fellow Helm John Dr University of Otago Postdoctoral Fellow Holtcamp Hannah Dr The University of Auckland Postdoctoral Fellow Johnson Jami Dr The University of Auckland Research Fellow Kolenderska Sylwia Dr The University of Auckland Postdoctoral Fellow Kumari Madhuri Dr University of Otago Postdoctoral Fellow Lambert Nicholas Dr University of Otago Postdoctoral Fellow Major Jan Dr Massey University Postdoctoral Fellow Mallett Ben Dr The University of Auckland Postdoctoral Fellow Miller Sara Dr University of Otago Postdoctoral Fellow Minnee Thomas Dr Massey University Research Fellow Monahan Nick Dr Victoria University of Wellington Postdoctoral Fellow Munoz Andrus Dr The University of Auckland Postdoctoral Fellow Ng Vincent Dr The University of Auckland Postdoctoral Fellow Novikova Nina Dr The University of Auckland Postdoctoral Fellow Pal Sukla Dr University of Otago Postdoctoral Fellow Price Mike Dr Victoria University of Wellington Postdoctoral Fellow Risos Alex Dr The University of Auckland Postdoctoral Fellow Robertson Julia Dr The University of Auckland Postdoctoral Fellow Schumayer Daniel Dr University of Otago Postdoctoral Fellow Rueda-Shanchez Alfredo Dr University of Otago Postdoctoral Fellow Shamailov Sophie Dr University of Otago Postdoctoral Fellow Terrien Soizic Dr The University of Auckland Postdoctoral Fellow Thomas Ryan Dr University of Otago Postdoctoral Fellow Weyland Marvin Dr University of Otago Postdoctoral Fellow Yu XiaoQuan Dr University of Otago Research Fellow

65 PhD Students

Last Name First Name Institution Completed (C) DWC Scholarship (S) Alizadeh Yashar University of Canterbury S Anyi Caroline University of Canterbury C Ashforth Simon The University of Auckland C Azeem Farhan University of Otago S Baber Logan The University of Auckland S Bangalore Shashidhar Vinay Bharadwaj Auckland University of Technology Barnsley Jonathan University of Otago C Bogunovic Dijana The University of Auckland C Bourke Levi University of Otago C Brown Dylan The University of Auckland S Canela Victor The University of Auckland C Cawte Michael University of Otago Chai Shijie University of Otago C Chakraborti Taparabata University of Otago C Chan Andrew The University of Auckland Chen Wan-Ting The University of Auckland C Chen Hao The University of Auckland C Chilcott Matthew University of Otago Cink Ruth Auckland University of Technology Clarke James The University of Auckland C Cormack Maddy University of Otago S Cosme Jayson Massey University C, S Dillon Owen The University of Auckland Dosado Aubrey Gabasa The University of Auckland C, S Emeny Chrissy University of Canterbury Fernandez-Gonzalvo Xavier University of Otago C, S Fersterer Petra University of Otago Fisher Ewan The University of Auckland Garagoda Samanali University of Otago S Goh Hwan The University of Auckland S Goodwin (prev. Brown) Matthew The University of Auckland S Groiseau Caspar The University of Auckland Gulley Anton The University of Auckland C Gutiérrez-Jáuregui Ricardo The University of Auckland C Haase Thomas The University of Auckland C Hensley Noah University of Otago Hitchman Sam The University of Auckland C Hong Fan University of Otago C Honney Claire The University of Auckland Hope James The University of Auckland Hosking Peter The University of Auckland Hsieh Pei-Huan (Sally) The University of Auckland C Hubley Lancia University of Canterbury C Hyndman Adam The University of Auckland C Jamil Mahamood The University of Auckland Jeszenszki Peter Massey University S Jobbitt Nicholas University of Canterbury S Johnson Jami The University of Auckland C

66 Last Name First Name Institution Completed (C) DWC Scholarship (S) Jull Harrisson University of Waikato C, S Kang Hong The University of Auckland C Kaur Harpreet University of Waikato King Gavin University of Otago Kumari Madhuri University of Otago C Lee Lia The University of Auckland Loveday James The University of Auckland S Mapley Joseph University of Otago Martin Jamin University of Canterbury Martines-Gasoni Rodrigo University of Canterbury C Masson Stuart The University of Auckland Mautner Ira The University of Auckland McDonald Rob University of Otago McPhail Vivian The University of Auckland S Mesbah Rassoul University of Otago Mikhisor Maria University of Otago C Mo Zonglai The University of Auckland Mobassem Sonia University of Otago Neiman Alex University of Canterbury Nemet Nikolett The University of Auckland S Nielsen Alexander The University of Auckland S Novikova Nina The University of Auckland C Oh Sue-Ann University of Otago Onyema Chikezie University of Canterbury Otto Suzanne University of Canterbury Otupiri Robert The University of Auckland S Ou Rachel (Fang) The University of Auckland Radionova Anna The University of Auckland C Reynolds Luke University of Otago S, C Robert Chima University of Otago Rooney Jeremy University of Otago Ruddell Samuel The University of Auckland C Ruksasakchai Poramaporn (Up) University of Otago S Rwizinkindi Dominique Auckland University of Technology Sales Ruth University of Otago S Savoie Maxime University of Canterbury S Sawyer Bianca University of Otago S Sayson Noel The University of Auckland S Scott Jonty University of Canterbury Shamailov Sophie Massey University C Sharma Shailendra University of Canterbury Shikhali Najafabadi Mojdeh University of Otago Shillito Georgina University of Otago Solis Daniel University of Otago Sun Jason University of Waikato Sutton Joshua University of Otago Symes Luke University of Otago C Tesana Siriluck University of Canterbury

67 PhD Students continued

Last Name First Name Institution Completed (C) DWC Scholarship (S) Thampi Abi The University of Auckland S Thomas Ryan University of Otago C Thompson Sarah The University of Auckland C Thorn Karen Victoria Uni. of Wellington Trainor Luke University of Otago Urbanska Magdalena The University of Auckland S Vargas Matheus The University of Auckland C Vogt Dominik The University of Auckland C Wang Yadong The University of Auckland C, S Wang Mark The University of Waikatop Wang Qing The University of Auckland Wang Xindi (Andy) The University of Auckland Webb Karen The University of Auckland C Whitby Reece The University of Auckland C White Donald The University of Auckland C Williamson Lewis University of Otago C Wu Yimei The University of Auckland Yang Mingrui (Ray) Massey University Ye Piao (Tracy) The University of Auckland Yong Ming Rui The University of Auckland C Zhou Huihua The University of Auckland C, S Zlygostiev Mykola The University of Auckland Zou Dian University of Canterbury

Other Research Degree Students

Last Name First Name Institution Completed (C) DWC Scholarship (S) Agineray Heiana The University of Auckland C Airey Margaux The University of Auckland C Arul Rakesh The University of Auckland C Arul Rakesh The University of Auckland Barber Liam The University of Auckland C Barnett Peter Auckland University of Technology Bi Toby The University of Auckland C Cawte Michael University of Otago C, S Chan Rebecca The University of Auckland C Chilcott Matthew University of Otago C Chisholm Craig University of Otago C Chung Stephen The University of Auckland Chung Yeon Wook (John) University of Otago Cowdell Carolyn University of Otago C Cullen Sarah The University of Auckland C Denys Matthew University of Otago Devane Patrick University of Otago Djorovic Aleksa Victoria Uni. of Wellington C Elliott Alex The University of Auckland S Everts Jonathan University of Otago C

68 Last Name First Name Institution Completed (C) DWC Scholarship (S) Fernandes Kevin The University of Auckland C, S Gendler Naomi The University of Auckland C Gray Thomas University of Otago C Hari Neelam The University of Auckland C Hendry Ian The University of Auckland C Hendry Ian The University of Auckland Hobbs Rhys University of Otago S Jain Chetna The University of Auckland C Jiang Hui The University of Auckland C Kirk Ryan University of Canterbury C Lee Au-Chen University of Otago Lee-Hand Jeremy University of Otago Li Zongda The University of Auckland Mansuri Nema The University of Auckland McLeod Tarentaise University of Otago C Mitchell Nikolas University of Otago C Mitchell Nikolas University of Otago S Nesbitt Sam University of Canterbury C Ngaha Jacob The University of Auckland S Norman Daniel University of Otago Pamplin Adam University of Canterbury C Pham Hoan The University of Auckland C Prime Helen University of Otago C Rakonjac Jelena University of Otago C Shi Scarlett The University of Auckland C Simpson Jonathan The University of Auckland S Soule Juliette The University of Auckland Steele Rock The University of Auckland C Stitely Kevin The University of Auckland C Su Andrew The University of Auckland C Tang Stanley The University of Auckland Tay Elliot University of Otago Underwood Andrew University of Otago White Joni The University of Auckland C Wiseman Henry The University of Auckland Wolfgramm-Russell Vincent The University of Auckland

69 ORGANISATIONAL AND COMMITTEE STRUCTURE OF THE DODD-WALLS CENTRE

The DWC is organised into four research themes, two engagement teams (Educational and Industry) and a Centre management team. Three boards (governance, science advisory and industry advisory) support the DWC in achieving its strategic goals.

GOVERNANCE BOARD

INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRY SCIENCE ADVISORY ADVISORY BOARD BOARD

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

CENTRE MANAGEMENT TEAM

science industry team team

Theme 1a Theme 2a

Theme 1b Theme 2b educational outreach team

70 Committee and Theme Membership

Governance Board Independent Chair Garth Carnaby G.A. Carnaby Associates Ltd DVC Research Host Institution Richard Blaikie University of Otago DVC Research Partner Institution Jim Metson The University of Auckland PVC Sciences (Director’s line manager) Richard Barker University of Otago Independent Director Di McCarthy DCM Solutions Ltd Independent Director Charlotte Walshe Jade Software Ltd Independent Director Ian Taylor Animation Research Ltd Director (ex officio) David Hutchinson University of Otago Deputy Director (ex officio) Neil Broderick The University of Auckland Programme Manager (ex officio) Paul Hoskin University of Otago Secretary Diana Evans University of Otago

Executive Committee Director David Hutchinson (Chair) Otago Deputy-Director Neil Broderick Auckland Principal Investigator Michael Albert Otago Principal Investigator Blair Blakie Otago Principal Investigator Maarten Hoogerland Auckland Principal Investigator Harald Schwefel Otago Principal Investigator Frédérique Vanholsbeeck Auckland Principal Investigator Cather Simpson Auckland Principal Investigator Stéphane Coen Auckland Principal Investigator Jon-Paul Wells Canterbury Industry Team Leader (ex officio) John Harvey Auckland Programme Manager (ex officio) Paul Hoskin Otago Secretary Diana Evans Otago

Industry Advisory Board Dr Simon Poole Finisar Australia Pty Ltd Chair

Education Outreach Team Principal Investigator Bernd Krauskopf Auckland Principal Investigator Kasper van Wijk Auckland Director David Hutchinson Otago Education Manager Craig Grant (Chair) Otago Museum Director of Otago Museum Ian Griffin Otago Museum Outreach Co-ordinator Andy Wang Auckland Secretary Anita Foster/Susan Baikie Otago

Dodd-Walls Centre Management Team Programme Manager Paul Hoskin Otago Director David Hutchinson Otago Deputy Director Neil Broderick Auckland Administrator and PA to Director Diana Evans Otago Administrator Dee Miles Auckland Administrator Premika Sirisena Auckland Administrator Anita Foster/Susan Baikie Otago

71 International Science Advisory Board Professor Allister Ferguson University of Strathclyde, Scotland Professor Bill Phillips Joint Quantum Institute, U.S.A. Professor Artur Ekert Centre for Quantum Technologies, Singapore Professor Ian Walmsley University of Oxford, England Professor Ursula Keller Institute of Quantum Electronics, Switzerland

Industry Team Industry Team Leader John Harvey Auckland Director David Hutchinson Otago Deputy Director Neil Broderick Auckland Principal Investigator Keith Gordon Otago Principal Investigator Frédérique Vanholsbeeck Auckland Industry Manager Luke Taylor Otago Business Development Manager Shannon Scown Auckland Programme Manager Paul Hoskin Otago Secretary Dee Miles Auckland

Science Team Deputy Director Neil Broderick Auckland Director Nominee: Blair Blakie Otago Theme Leader (1a) Jon-Paul Wells Canterbury Theme Leader (1b) Stéphane Coen Auckland Theme Leader (2a) Dr Maarten Hoogerland Auckland Theme Leader (2b) Jevon Longdell Otago Industry Team Leader (ex-officio) John Harvey Auckland Programme Manager Paul Hoskin Otago Secretary Diana Evans Otago

Theme 1a – Photonic Sensors and Imaging (PSI) Professor Jon-Paul Wells THEME LEADER, Canterbury, Physics and Astronomy Dr Baptiste Auguié Victoria, Physics Professor Richard Blaikie Otago, Physics Dr Cameron Craigie AgResearch Ltd Dr Marlon dos Reis AgResearch Ltd Dr Vladimir Golovko Canterbury, Chemistry Professor Keith Gordon Otago, Chemistry Dr Cushla McGoverin Auckland, Physics Professor John Harvey Auckland, Physics Associate Professor Justin Hodgkiss Victoria, Chemical and Physical Sciences Professor Jari Kaipio Auckland, Maths Associate Professor Rainer Leonhardt Auckland, Physics Professor Eric Le Ru Victoria, Physics Associate Professor Jevon Longdell Otago, Physics Associate Professor Rainer Künnemeyer Waikato, Engineering Associate Professor Brendan McCane Otago, Computer Science Professor Roger Reeves Canterbury, Physics & Astronomy Professor Mike Reid Canterbury, Physics & Astronomy Dr Harald Schwefel Otago, Physics Associate Professor Kasper Van Wijk Auckland, Physics Dr Frédérique Vanholsbeeck Auckland, Physics Professor Peter Xu Auckland, Mechanical Engineering

72 Dr Claude Aguergaray Auckland, Physics Dr Juliette Cheyne Auckland, Physiology Dr Nathaniel Davis Victoria, Chemical and Physical Sciences Dr Michel Nieuwoudt Auckland, Physics Professor Cather Simpson Auckland, Physics Dr Catherine Smith Otago, Dodd-Walls Centre Dr Marcus Jones AUT, Chemistry Professor Nicola Brasch AUT, Chemistry

Theme 1b – Photonic Sources and Components (PSC) Associate Professor Stéphane Coen THEME LEADER, Auckland, Physics Professor Neil Broderick Auckland, Physics Dr Miro Erkintalo Auckland, Physics Dr Jianyong Jin Auckland, Chemistry Professor Bernd Krauskopf Auckland, Mathematics Associate Professor Rainer Leonhardt Auckland, Physics Associate Professor Stuart Murdoch Auckland, Physics Dr Harald Schwefel Otago, Physics Associate Professor Geoff Waterhouse Auckland, Chemistry Dr Claude Aguergaray Auckland, Physics Professor Cather Simpson Auckland, Physics Dr Dominik Vogt Auckland, Physics

Theme 2a – Quantum Fluids and Gases (QFG) Dr Maarten Hoogerland THEME LEADER, Auckland, Physics Associate Professor Niels Kjærgaard Otago, Physics Dr Danny Baillie Otago, Physics Emeritus Professor Rob Ballagh Otago, Physics Professor Blair Blakie Otago, Physics Dr Ashton Bradley Otago, Physics Professor Joachim Brand Massey, NZ Institute for Advanced Study Professor Howard Carmichael Auckland, Physics Dr Amita Deb Otago, Physics Professor David Hutchinson Otago, Physics Associate Professor Scott Parkins Auckland, Physics Professor Ulrich Zūlicke Victoria, Chemical and Physical Sciences Dr James Croft Otago, Physics

Theme 2b – Quantum Manipulation and Information (QMI) Dr Harald Schwefel THEME LEADER, Otago, Physics Professor Michael Albert Otago, Computer Science Dr Mikkel Andersen Otago, Physics Professor Joachim Brand Massey, NZ Institute for Advanced Study Dr Vladimir Bubanja Callaghan Innovation Professor Howard Carmichael Auckland, Physics Dr Maarten Hoogerland Auckland, Physics Professor David Hutchinson Otago, Physics Associate Professor Jevon Longdell Otago, Physics Associate Professor Scott Parkins Auckland, Physics Professor Mike Reid Canterbury, Physics and Astronomy Professor Jon-Paul Wells Canterbury, Physics and Astronomy Dr Joseph Borbely Callaghan Innovation, MSL

73 2018 PEER-REVIEWED JOURNAL PUBLICATIONS

AUTHORS* TITLE JOURNAL Adas, Sonya K.; Bharadwaj, Vinay; Synthesis and HNO Donating Properties of the Piloty's Chemistry – A European Zhou, Yang; Zhang, Jiuhong; Seed, Acid Analogue Trifluoromethanesulphonylhydroxamic Journal 24, 7330-7334 Alexander J.; Brasch, Nicola E.; Acid: Evidence for Quantitative Release of HNO at (2018) Sampson, Paul Neutral pH Conditions Baals, C.; Ott, H.; Brand, J.; Nonlinear standing waves in an array of coherently Physical Review A 98, Muñoz Mateo, A. coupled Bose-Einstein condensates 63603 (2018) Baillie, D.; Blakie, P. B. Droplet Crystal Ground States of a Dipolar Bose Gas Physical Review Letters 121, 195301 (2018) Barnsley, Jonathan E.; Tay, Elliot J.; Frequency dispersion reveals chromophore diversity Royal Society Open Science Gordon, Keith C.; Thomas, Daniel B. and colour-tuning mechanism in parrot feathers 5, 172010 (2018) Botello, G.S.; Sedlmeir, F.; Rueda, A.; Sensitivity limits of millimeter-wave photonic Optica 5, 1210-1219 (2018) Abdalmalak, K.A.; Brown, E.R.; radiometers based on efficient electro-optic Leuchs, G.; Preu, S.; Segovia-Vargas, upconverters D.; Strekalov, D.V.; Muñoz, L.E.G.; Schewefel, H.G.L. Bowen, Patrick; Erkintalo, Miro; Large net-normal dispersion Er-doped fibre laser Optics Communications Broderick, Neil G. R. mode-locked with a nonlinear amplifying loop mirror 410, 447-451 (2018) Brand, Joachim; Toikka, Lauri; Accurate projective two-band description of SciPost Physics 5, 16 (2018) Zuelicke, Ulrich topological superfluidity in spin-orbit-coupled Fermi gases Brown, D. J.; McPhail, A. V. H.; Thermalization, condensate growth, and defect Physical Review A 98, White, D. H.; Baillie, D.; Ruddell, formation in an out-of-equilibrium Bose gas 13606 (2018) S. K.; Hoogerland, M. D. Bubanja, Vladimir Effect of quantum fluctuations on the critical Physical Review B 97, supercurrent through a mesoscopic normal-metal 224516 (2018) island Cao, Y.; Guo, J.; Shi, R.; Evolution of thiolate-stabilized Ag nanoclusters from Nature Communications Waterhouse, G. I. N.; Ag-thiolate cluster intermediates 9(1), 2379 (2018) Pan, J.; Zhenxia, D.; Qiaofeng, Y.; Wu, L.-Z.; Tung, C.-H.; Xie, J.; Zhang, T. Chai, Shijie; Fekete, Julia; Survival resonances in an atom-optics system driven Physical Review A 97,33616 McDowall, Peter; Coop, Simon; by temporally and spatially periodic dissipation (2018) Lindballe, Thue; Andersen, Mikkel F. Chakraborti, Tapabrata; LOOP Descriptor: Local Optimal Oriented Pattern IEEE Signal Processing McCane, Brendan; Mills, Steven; Letters 25, 635-639 (2018) Pal, Umapada Chen, G.; Gao, R.; Zhao, Y.; Li, Z.; Alumina-Supported CoFe Alloy Catalysts Derived from Physical Review E 30(3), Waterhouse, G. I. N Layered-Double-Hydroxide 12215 97 Chen, Hao; Li, Xin; Broderick, Neil; Identification and characterization of bladder cancer by Journal of Biophotonics 11, Liu, Yuewen; Zhou, Yajun; low-resolution fiber-optic Raman spectroscopy e201800016 (2018) Han, Jianda; Xu, Weiliang Chen, Hao; Xu, Weiliang; An adaptive denoising method for Raman spectroscopy Journal of Raman Broderick, Neil; Han, Jianda based on lifting wavelet transform Spectroscopy 49, 1097- 4555 (2018)

74 AUTHORS* TITLE JOURNAL Chen, W.-T.; Chan, A.; Performance comparison of Ni/TiO2 and Au/TiO2 Journal of Catalysis 367, Sun-Waterhouse, D.; Idriss, H.; photocatalysts for H2 production in different 27-42 (2018) Waterhouse, G.I.N. alcohol-water mixtures Chen, W.-T.; Dosado, A.G.; Highly reactive anatase nanorod photocatalysts Applied Catalysis A: Chan, A.; Sun-Waterhouse, D.; synthesized by calcination of hydrogen titanate General 565, 98-118 (2018) Waterhouse, G.I.N. nanotubes: Effect of calcination conditions on photocatalytic performance for aqueous dye degradation and H2 production in alcohol-water mixtures Chen, Wei; Garbin, Bruno; Nielsen, Experimental observations of breathing Kerr temporal Optics Letters 43, Alexander U.; Coen, Stéphane; cavity solitons at large detunings 3674-3677 (2018) Murdoch, Stuart G.; Erkintalo, Miro Chen, Yu-Hui; Fernandez-Gonzalvo, Hyperfine interactions of ${\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}$ ions in Physical Review B 97, Xavier; Horvath, Sebastian .;P ${\mathrm{Y}}_{2}{\mathrm{SiO}}_{5}$: Electron 24419 (2018) Rakonjac, Jelena V.; Longdell, Jevon J. paramagnetic resonance in a tunable microwave cavity Cherny, Alexander Yu; Caux, Landau instability and mobility edges of the interacting Journal of Physics B: Jean-Sébastien; Brand, Joachim one-dimensional Bose gas in weak random potentials Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 51, 15301 (2018) Chisholm, C. S.; Thomas, R.; A three-dimensional steerable optical tweezer system Review of Scientific Deb, A. B.; Kjærgaard, N. for ultracold atoms Instruments 89, 103105 (2018) Cole, Daniel C.; Stone, Jordan R.; Kerr-microresonator solitons from a chirped background Optica 5,1304-1310 (2018) Erkintalo, Miro; Yang, Ki Youl; Yi, Xu; Vahala, Kerry J.; Papp, Scott B. Colenso, H.R.; Rafealov, E.Z.; Comparison of seed layers for smooth, low loss silver Thin Solid Films 656, 68-74 Maddah, M.; Plank, N.O.V.; Chen, films used in ultraviolet-visible plasmonic imaging (2018) W.-T.; Waterhouse, G. I. N.; Hao, J.; devices Gouws, G.J.; Moore, C.P. Cosme, Jayson G. Hierarchical relaxation dynamics in a tilted two-band Physical Review A 97,43610 Bose-Hubbard model (2018) Dai, X.; Han, Z.; Waterhouse, G.I.N.; Ordered graphitic carbon nitride tubular bundles with Applied Catalysis A: Fan, H.; Ai, S. effieicent ectron-hole separation and enhanced General 566, 200-206 photocatalytic performance for hydrogen generation (2018) Deb, A. B.; Kjærgaard, N. Radio-over-fiber using an optical antenna based on Applied Physics Letters Rydberg states of atoms 112, 211106 (2018) Deshmukh, K.D.; Matsidik, R.; Tuning the Molecular Weight of the Electron Accepting Advanced Functional Prasad, S.K.K.; Connal, L. A.; Polymer in All-Polymer Solar Cells: Impact on Materials 28, 1707185 Liu, A. C. Y.; Gann, E.; Thomsen, L.; Morphology and Charge Generation (2018) Hodgkiss, J. M.; Sommer, M.; McNeill, C. R. Deshmukh, K.D.; Matsidik, R.; Impact of Acceptor Fluorination on the Performance of ACS Applied Materials and Prasad, S.K.K.; Somer, M.; All-Polymer Solar Cells Interfaces 10, 955-969 Hodgkiss, J (2018) Devane, P.A.; Kumari, M.; Trainor, Frequency Shifting Whispering Gallery Modes with OSA Publishing - Frontiers L.S; Schwefel, H. G. L. Planar Dielectric Substrates in Optics/Laser Science Paper JW3A.31 (2018 Dingwall, R. J.; Edmonds, M.J.; Non-integrable dynamics of matter-wave solitons in a New Journal of Physics 20, Helm, J. L.; Malomed, B. A.; density-dependent gauge theory 043004 (2018) Öhberg, P. Dolcemascolo, A.; Garbin, B.; Resonator neuron and triggering multipulse excitability Physical Review E 98,62211 Peyce, B.; Veltz, R.; Barland, S. in laser with injected signal (2018) Durán, Evert L.; van Wijk, Kasper; Separating intrinsic and scattering attenuation in full Geophysical Journal Adam, Ludmila; Wallis, Irene C. waveform sonic logging with radiative transfer theory International 213, 757-769 (2018) 75 AUTHORS* TITLE JOURNAL Geiregat, P.; Maes, J.; Chen, K.; Using Bulk-like Nanocrystals to Probe Intrinsic Optical ACS Nano 12, 10178-10188 Hodgkiss, J.M.; Hens, Z. Gain Characteristics of Inorganic Lead Halide Perovskites (2018) Giraldo, A.; Krauskopf, B.; Osinga, H. Cascades of Global Bifurcations and Chaos near a SIAM Journal on Applied Homoclinic Flip Bifurcation: A Case Study Dynamical Systems 17, 2784-2829 (2018) Goodwin, Matthew; Bräuer, Quantifying birefringence in the bovine model of early Scientific Reports 8, 8568 Bastian; Lewis, Stephen; osteoarthritis using polarisation-sensitive optical (2018) Thambyah, Ashvin; coherence tomography and mechanical indentation Vanholsbeeck, Frédérique Gutiérrez-Jáuregui, R.; Dissipative quantum phase transitions of light in a Physical Review A 98, Carmichael, H. J. generalized Jaynes-Cummings-Rabi model 23804 (2018) Gutiérrez-Jáuregui, R.; Quasienergy collapse in the driven Jaynes–Cummings Physica Scripta 93, 104001 Carmichael, H. J. –Rabi model: correspondence with a charged Dirac (2018) particle in an electromagnetic field Halbauer, T.; Shafiee, G.; Schunk, G.; Towards a whispering gallery mode resonator based DPG Q51, (2018) Otterpohl, A.; Sedlmeir, F.; Strekalov, wavemeter D.V.; Schwefel, H. G. L.; Leuchs, G.; Marquardt, C. Han, C.; Li, J.; Ma, Z.; Ye, L.; Black phosphorus quantum dot/g-C3 N4 composites for Science China Materials Zhang, T. Waterhouse, Geoffrey I. N enhanced CO2 photoreduction to CO | [黑磷量子点/ 61(9), 1159-1166 (2018) g-C3 N4复合光催化剂的制备及其增强的光催化还原 CO2 到CO性能] Helm, J. L.; Billam, T. P.; Rakonjac, A.; Spin-Orbit-Coupled Interferometry with Ring-Trapped Physical Review Letters Cornish, S. L.; Gardiner, S. A. Bose-Einstein Condensates 120, 063201 (2018) Hendry, Ian; Chen, Wei; Wang, Spontaneous symmetry breaking and trapping of Physical Review A 97,53834 Yadong; Garbin, Bruno; Javaloyes, temporal Kerr cavity solitons by pulsed or amplitude (2018) Julien; Oppo, Gian-Luca; Coen, -modulated driving fields Stéphane; Murdoch, Stuart G.; Erkintalo, Miro Hitchman, Sam; van Wijk, Kasper; Estimating the Green's function using a single channel The Journal of the Snieder, Roel dual-beam interferometer Acoustical Society of America 144,124-130 (2018) Hope, J. Vanholsbeeck, F.; A model of electrical impedance tomography Physiological Measurement McDaid, A. implemented in nerve-cuff for neural-prosthetics control 39, 44002 (2018) Hope, J.; Vanholsbeeck, F.; Drive and measurement electrode patterns for Biomedical Physics & McDaid, A. electrode impedance tomography (EIT) imaging of Engineering Express 4, neural activity in peripheral nerve 44002 (2018) Hope, James; Braeuer, Bastian; Extracting morphometric information from rat sciatic Journal of Biomedical Amirapu, Satya; McDaid, Andrew; nerve using optical coherence tomography Optics 23, 116001 (2018) Vanholsbeeck, Frédérique Horvath, S.P.; Wells, J.-P. R.; Electron paramagnetic resonance enhanced crystal Journal of Physics: Reid, M. F.; Yamaga, M.; Honda, M. field analysis for low point-group symmetry systems: Condensed Matter 31, C-2(v) sites in Sm3+:CaF2/SrF2 116001 (2018) Jeszenszki, Péter; Alavi, Ali; Are smooth pseudopotentials a good choice for Journal of Physics: Brand, Joachim representing short-range interactions? Condensed Matter 99, 1812.06521 (2018) Jeszenszki, Peter; Cherny, $s$-wave scattering length of a Gaussian potential Physical Review A 97,42708 Alexander Yu.; Brand, Joachim (2018) Jeszenszki, Péter; Luo, Hongjun; Accelerating the convergence of exact diagonalization Physical Review A 98, Alavi, Ali; Brand, Joachim with the transcorrelated method: Quantum gas in one 53627 (2018) dimension with contact interactions

76 AUTHORS* TITLE JOURNAL Jiang, W.; Yin, H.; Zhou, Y.; A novel electrochemiluminescence biosensor for the Sensors and Actuators, B: Waterhouse, G.I.N.; Ai, S. detection of 5-methylcytosine, TET 1 protein and Chemical 274, 144-151 Β-glucosyltransferase activities based on gold (2018) nanoclusters-H2 O2system Johnson, Jami L.; Merrilees, All-optical extravascular laser-ultrasound and Photoacoustics 9, 62-72 Mervyn; Shragge, Jeffrey; photoacoustic imaging of calcified atherosclerotic (2018) van Wijk, Kasper plaque in excised carotid artery Jull, H.; Künnemeyer, R.; Nutrient quantification in fresh and dried mixtures of Precision Agriculture 19, Schaare, P. ryegrass and clover leaves using laser-induced 823-839 (2018) breakdown spectroscopy Jull, H.; Bier, J.; Kunnemeyer, R.; Classification of recyclables using laser-induced JournalSpectroscopy Schaare, P. breakdown spectroscopy for waste management Letters 51, 257-265 (2018) Keane, A.; Krauskopf, B. Chenciner bubbles and torus break-up in a periodically Nonlinearity 31, R165 forced delay differential equation (2018) Kirilova, Martina; Toy, Virginia; Structural disorder of graphite and implications for Solid Earth 9, 223-231 Rooney, Jeremy S.; Giorgetti, graphite thermometry (2018) Carolina; Gordon, Keith C.; Collettini, Cristiano; Takeshita, Toru Kolenderska, Sylwia M.; Bräuer, Dispersion mapping as a simple postprocessing step for Scientific Reports 8, 9244 Bastian; Vanholsbeeck, Frédérique Fourier domain Optical Coherence Tomography data (2018) Kornienko, Vladimir V.; Kitaeva, Towards terahertz detection and calibration through APL Photonics 3, 51704 Galiya Kh.; Sedlmeir, Florian; Leuchs, spontaneous parametric down-conversion in the (2018) Gerd; Schwefel, Harald G. L. terahertz idler-frequency range generated by a 795 nm diode laser system Kruglov, V. I.; Harvey, J. D. Solitary waves in optical fibers governed by higher-order Physical Review A 98, dispersion 63811 (2018) Lee, Au-Chen; Baillie, D.; Excitations of a vortex line in an elongated dipolar Physical Review A 98, Bisset, R. N.; Blakie, P. B. condensate 63620 (2018) Li, C.; Ge, Y.; Jiang, X.; Zhang, Z.; Porous Fe3 O4 /C microspheres for efficient broadband Ceramics International Yu, L. Waterhouse, Geoffrey I. N electromagnetic wave absorption 44(16), 19171-19183 (2018) Li, Cuiping; Ji, Shengning; Jiang, Microwave absorption by watermelon-like microspheres Journal of Materials Xiaohui; Waterhouse, Geoffrey I. N.; composed of γ-Fe2O3, microporous silica and Science 53, 9635-9649 Zhang, Zhiming; Yu, Liangmin polypyrrole (2018) Li, Z.; Liu, J.; Zhao, Y.; Tung, C.-H.; Co-Based Catalysts Derived from Layered-Double- Advanced Materials 30(31), Zhang, T. Waterhouse, Geoffrey I. N Hydroxide Nanosheets for the Photothermal Production 1800527 (2018) of Light Olefins Lin, Yuze; Zhao, Fuwen; Prasad, Balanced Partnership between Donor and Acceptor Advanced Materials 30, Shyamal K. K.; Chen, Jing-De; Components in Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells with 1706363 (2018) Cai, Wanzhu; Zhang, Qianqian; >12% Efficiency Chen, Kai; Wu, Yang; Ma, Wei; Gao, Feng; Tang, Jian-Xin; Wang, Chunru; You, Wei; Hodgkiss, Justin M.; Zhan, Xiaowei Lipiäinen, Tiina; Fraser-Miller, Direct comparison of low- and mid-frequency Raman Journal of Pharmaceutical Sara J.; Gordon, Keith C.; Strachan, spectroscopy for quantitative solid-state pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis Clare J. analysis 343-350 (2018) Liu, C.; Dong, J.; Waterhouse, G.I.N.; Electrochemical immunosensor with nanocellulose-Au Biosensors and Cheng, Z.; Ai, S. composite assisted multiple signal amplification for Bioelectronics 110-115 detection of avian leukosis virus subgroup J (2018) Liu, C.; Hou, J; Waterhouse, G.I.N.; A novel pH-responsive electrochemiluminescence Journal of Pharmaceutical Dong, J.; Ai, S. immunosensor for ALV-J detection based on hollow and Biomedical 149, 343- MnO2 encapsulating Ru(bpy)3 Cl2 350 (2018)

77 AUTHORS* TITLE JOURNAL Liu, T.; Huo, L.; Chandrabose, S.; Optimized Fibril Network Morphology by Precise Advanced Materials 30, Chen, S.; Guangchao, H.; Feng, Q.; Side-Chain Engineering to Achieve High-Performance 1707353 (2018) Xiangyi, M.; Dongjun, X.; Ma, W.; Bulk-Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells Yi, Y.; Hodgkiss, J. M.; Liu, F. Lu, J.; Sun, Y.; Waterhouse, G.I.N.; A voltammetric sensor based on the use of reduced Advances in Polymer Xu, Z. graphene oxide and hollow gold nanoparticles for Technology 37,3629-3638 the quantification of methyl parathion and parathion (2018) in agricultural products Mazzio, K.A.; Prasad, S.K.K.; End-Functionalized Semiconducting Polymers as Langmuir 34, 9692-9700 Okamoto, K.; Hodgkiss, J.M.; Reagents in the Synthesis of Hybrid II-VI Nanoparticles (2018) Luscombe, C.K. McCane, Brendan; Efficiency of deep networks for radially symmetric Neurocomputing 313, 119- Szymanski, Lech functions 124 (2018) Mo, Z; Xu, W.; Broderick, N. Capability characterization via ex-vivo experiments of IEEE Sensors Journal 18, a fiber optical tip force sensing needle for tissue 1195-1202 (2018) identification Mo, Zonglai; Mao, Xinjian; Owen In-vivo tissue identification on mice using a fiber IEEE Sensors Journal 18, Hicks, Kevin; Xu, Weiliang (Peter) optical tip force sensing needle 1-Jan (2018) Morera, I.; Mateo, A. M.; Dark-dark-soliton dynamics in two density-coupled Physical Review A 97, Polls, A.; Juliá-Díaz, B. Bose-Einstein condensates 43621 (2018) Nielsen, Alexander U.; Garbin, Emission of intense resonant radiation by APL Photonics 3, 120804 Bruno; Coen, Stéphane; Murdoch, dispersion-managed Kerr cavity solitons (2018) Stuart G.; Erkintalo, Miro Novakovic, Dunja; Isomäki, Antti; Understanding Dissolution and Crystallization with Molecular Pharmaceutics Pleunis, Bibi; Fraser-Miller, Sara J.; Imaging: A Surface Point of View 15, 5361-5373 (2018) Peltonen, Leena; Laaksonen, Timo; Strachan, Clare J. Novikova, Nina I.; Lo, Alvie S. V.; Diboron Porphyrins: The Raman Signature of the In-Plane The Journal of Physical Gordon, Keith C.; Brothers, Tetragonal Elongation of the Macrocycle Chemistry A 122, 5121- Penelope J.; Simpson, M. Cather 5131 (2018) O'Duill, S.; Sahni, M.O.; Trebaol, S.; Numerical investigation of a feed-forward linewidth Applied Optics 57, 89-100 Landais, P.; Bramerie, L.; reduction scheme using a mode-locked laser model (2018) Murdoch, S. G.; Besnard, P.; of reduced complexity Barry, L.P. Oldenburg, M.; Turshatov, A.; Enhancing the photoluminescence of surface anchored Physical Chemistry Busko, D.; Jakoby, M.; Haldar, R.; metal–organic frameworks: mixed linkers and efficient Chemical Physics 20, Chen, K.; Emandi, G.; Senge, M. O.; acceptors 11564-11576 (2018) Wöll, C.; Hodgkiss, J. M.; Richards, B. S.; Howard, I. A. Oldenburg, M.; Turshatov, A.; Enhancing the photoluminescence of surface anchored Physical Review E 20, Busko, D.; Richards, B.S.; Howard, metal-organic frameworks: Mixed linkers and efficient 12215 (2018) I.A.; J. M. Hodgkiss acceptors Olsen, M. K.; Neely, T. W.; Mesoscopic Dynamical Differences from Quantum Physical Review Letters Bradley, A. S. State Preparation in a Bose-Hubbard Trimer 120, 230406 (2018) Otterpohl, A.; Sedlmeir, F.; Recent progress in generating squeezed vacuum states DPG Q51, (2018) Diermeier, T.; Vogl, U.; Schunk, G.; in a nonlinear crystalline whispering gallery mode Shafiee, G.; Schwefel, H.G.L.; resonator Gehring, T.; Andersen, U.L.; Leuchs, G.; Marquardt, C. Otupiri, R.; Garbin, B.; Krauskopf, B.; Experimental and numerical characterization of an Optics Letters 43, 4945- Broderick, N.G. all-fiber laser with a saturable absorber 4948 (2018) Peña, Adrián; Andersen, Mikkel F. Complete polarization and phase control with a single Laser Physics 28, 76201 spatial light modulator for the generation of complex (2018) light fields

78 AUTHORS* TITLE JOURNAL Raos, B. J.; Doyle, C. S.; Selective PEGylation of Parylene-C/SiO2 Substrates for Scientific Reports 8, 2754 Simpson, M. C.; Graham, E. S.; Improved Astrocyte Cell Patterning (2018) Unsworth, C. P. Raos, B. J.; Simpson, M. C.; Patterning of functional human astrocytes onto Journal of Neural Doyle, C. S.; Murray, A. F.; Graham parylene-C/SiO2 substrates for the study of Ca2+, Engineering 15, 36015 E. S.; Unsworth, C. P. dynamics in astrocytic networks (2018) Richter, J.M.; Chen, K.; Sadhanala, A.; Direct Bandgap Behavior in Rashba-Type Metal Halide Advanced Materials 30, Hodgkiss, J.M.; Deschler, F. Perovskites 1803379 (2018) Risos, A. Interdigitated Sensors: The Next Generation "Sensing IEEE Sensors Journal 18, Permittivity and Conductivity of Oils - Unaffected 3661-3668 (2018) by Temperature" Risos, Alex; Gouws, Gideon In-Situ Aging Monitoring of Transformer Oil via the Sensors and Actuators B: Relative Permittivity and DC Conductivity Using Novel Chemical 287, 602-610 Interdigitated Dielectrometry Sensors (IDS) (2018) Rooney, Jeremy S.; Tarling, Submicron Raman spectroscopy mapping of Journal of Raman Matthew S.; Smith, Steven A. F.; serpentinite fault rocks Spectroscopy 49, 279-286 Gordon, Keith C. (2018) Rubin J.E.; Krauskopf B.; Osinga H.M. Natural extension of fast-slow decomposition for Physical Chemistry dynamical systems Chemical Physics 97, 11564-11576 20 Ruggiero, Michael T.; Sutton, Revisiting the Thermodynamic Stability of Indomethacin Crystal Growth & Design Joshua J.; Fraser-Miller, Sara J.; Polymorphs with Low-Frequency Vibrational 18 (11), 6513–6520 Zaczek, Adam J.; Korter, Timothy M.; Spectroscopy and Quantum Mechanical Simulations (2018) Gordon, Keith C.; Zeitler, J. Axel Saarinen, Jukka; Gütter, Friederike; Cell-Nanoparticle Interactions at (Sub)-Nanometer Biotechnology Journal 14, Lindman, Mervi; Agopov, Mikael; Resolution Analyzed by Electron Microscopy and 1800413 (2018) Fraser-Miller, Sara J.; Scherließ, Correlative Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering Regina; Jokitalo, Eija; Santos, Hélder A.; Peltonen, Leena; Isomäki, Antti; Strachan, Clare J. Sayson, Noel Lito B.; Pham, Hoan; Origins of clustered frequency combs in Kerr Optics Letters 43, 4180- Webb, Karen E.; Ng, Vincent; Trainor, microresonators 4183 (2018) Luke S.; Schwefel, Harald G. L.; Coen, Stéphane; Erkintalo, Miro; Murdoch, Stuart G. Scott, T. F.; Schumayer, D. Central distractors in Force Concept Inventory data Physical Review Physics Education Research 14, 010106 (2018) Shafiee, G.; Schunk, G.; Sedlmeir, F.; Sagnac-type setup for the generation of tunable DPG Q51, (2018) Otterpohl, A.; Vogl, U.; Strekalov, D.; polarization entangled photon pairs Schwefel, H. G. L.; Leuchs, G.; Marquardt, C. Shahlori, R.; McDougall, D.R.; Biomineralization of Calcium Phosphate and Calcium Langmuir 34(30), 8994- Waterhouse, G.I.N.; Nelson, Carbonate within Iridescent Chitosan/Iota-Carrageenan 9003 (2018) A.R.J.; McGillivray, D.J. Multilayered Films Shamailov, Sophie; Quasiparticles of widely tuneable inertial mass: The SciPost Physics 4, 18 (2018) Brand, Joachim dispersion relation of atomic Josephson vortices and related solitary waves Shang, L.; Shi, R.; Waterhouse, G.I..N; Nanocrystals@Hollow mesoporous silica reverese- Small Methods 2, 1800105 Wu, L.-Z.; Tung, C.-H.; Yin, Y.; Zhang, T. bumpy-ball structure nanoreacctors by a versatile (2018) micro-emulsion template approach

79 AUTHORS* TITLE JOURNAL Shillito, Georgina E.; Hall, Thomas Dramatic Alteration of 3ILCT Lifetimes Using Ancillary Journal of the American B. J.; Preston, Dan; Traber, Philipp; Ligands in [Re(L)(CO)3(phen-TPA)]n+ Complexes: An Chemical Society 140 (13), Wu, Lingjun; Reynolds, Katherine Integrated Spectroscopic and Theoretical Study 4534–4542 (2018) E. A.; Horvath, Raphael; Sun, Xue Z.; Lucas, Nigel T.; Crowley, James D.; George, Michael W.; Kupfer, Stephan; Gordon, Keith C. Smith, Catherine A.; Paterson, Consolidation of Black-dyed Māori Textile Artefacts: Studies in Conservation 63, Rachel A.; Lowe, Bronwyn J.; Evaluating the Efficacy of Sodium Alginate 139-154 (2018) Kanawa, Rangi Te Sun, Jason; Künnemeyer, Rainer; Investigations of optical geometry and sample Computers and Electronics McGlone, Andrew; Tomer, Nathan positioning in NIRS transmittance for detecting in Agriculture 155, 32-40 vascular browning in apples (2018) Sun, Jason; Künnemeyer, Rainer; Optical properties of healthy and rotten onion flesh Postharvest Biology and McGlone, Andrew; Tomer, Nathan from 700 to 1000 nm Technology 140, 1-Oct (2018) Symes, L. M.; Baillie, D.; Blakie, P. B. Dynamics of a quenched spin-1 antiferromagnetic Physical Review A 98, condensate in a harmonic trap 63618 (2018) Tarling, Matthew S.; Rooney, Distinguishing the Raman spectrum of polygonal Journal of Raman Jeremy S.; Viti, Cecilia; Smith, serpentine Spectroscopy 49, 1978- Steven A. F.; Gordon, Keith C. 1984 (2018) Terrien, S.; Krauskopf, B.; Q-switched pulsing lasers subject to delayed feedback: Physical Review A 43, Broderick, N.G.; Jaurigue, L.; Lüdge A model comparison. 43819 (2018) Terrien, Soizic; Krauskopf, Bernd; Pulse train interaction and control in a microcavity Optics Letters 43, 3013- Broderick, Neil G. R.; Braive, Rémy; laser with delayed optical feedback 3016 (2018) Beaudoin, Grégoire; Sagnes, Isabelle; Barbay, Sylvain Tew, Xiao Wei; Fraser-Miller, A comparison between laboratory and industrial Food and Bioproducts Sara J.; Gordon, Keith C.; fouling of reverse osmosis membranes used to Processing 114, 113-121 Morison, Ken R. concentrate milk (2018) Thomas, Ryan; Chilcott, Matthew; Observation of bound state self-interaction in a Nature Communications 9, Tiesinga, Eite; Deb, Amita B.; nano-eV atom collider 4895 (2018) Kjærgaard, Niels Thorn, K.E.; Monahan, N.R.; Efficient and tunable spectral compression using Optics Express 26, 28140- Prasad, S.K.K.; Chen, K.; frequency-domain nonlinear optics 28149 (2018) Hodgkiss, J.M. Tobias, Andrew K.; Jones, Marcus Metal-Enhanced Fluorescence from Quantum The Journal of Physical Dot-Coupled Gold Nanoparticles Chemistry C 123 (2), 1389–1397 (2018) Tomer, Nathan; McGlone, Andrew; Validated multi-wavelength simulations of light Computers and Electronics Künnemeyer, Rainer transport in healthy onion in Agriculture 146, 22-30 (2018) Trainor, Luke S.; Sedlmeir, Florian; Selective Coupling Enhances Harmonic Generation Physical Review Applied 9, Peuntinger, Christian; of Whispering-Gallery Modes 24007 (2018) Schwefel, Harald G. L. Vashishtha, P.; Metin, D.Z.; Shape-, Size-, and Composition-Controlled Thallium Chemistry of Materials 30, Cryer, M.E.; Gaston, N.; Lead Halide Perovskite Nanowires and Nanocrystals 2973-2982 (2018) Halpert, J.E. with Tunable Band Gaps Vogt, Dominik Walter; Jones, Thermal tuning of silicon terahertz whispering-gallery Applied Physics Letters Angus Harvey; Leonhardt, Rainer mode resonators 113, 11101 (2018) Vogt, Dominik Walter; Jones, Angus Prism coupling of high-Q terahertz whispering-gallery- Optics Express 26, 31190- Harvey; Schwefel, Harald G. L.; modes over two octaves from 0.2 THz to 1.1 THz 31198 (2018) Leonhardt, Rainer Vogt, Dominik Walter; Leonhardt, Ultra-high Q terahertz whispering-gallery modes in a APL Photonics 3, 51702 Rainer silicon resonator (2018) 80 AUTHORS* TITLE JOURNAL Wang, Haiyan; Yin, Huanshun; Dual-signal amplified photoelectrochemical biosensor Biosensors and Huang, Hua; Li, Kelin; Zhou, Yunlei; for detection of N6-methyladenosine based on BiVO4 Bioelectronics 108, 89-96 Waterhouse, Geoffrey I. .;N -110-TiO2 heterojunction, Ag+-mediated cytosine pairs (2018) Lin, Hai; Ai, Shiyun Wang, Yadong; Anderson, Miles; Stimulated Raman Scattering Imposes Fundamental Physical Review Letters Coen, Stéphane; Murdoch, Limits to the Duration and Bandwidth of Temporal 120, 53902 (2018) Stuart G.; Erkintalo, Miro Cavity Solitons Wang, Yadong; Garbin, Bruno; Leo, Addressing temporal Kerr cavity solitons with a single Optics Letters 43, 3192- François; Coen, Stéphane; Erkintalo, pulse of intensity modulation 3195 (2018) Miro; Murdoch, Stuart G. Wang, Yi; Huang, Zhiyi; McCane, EmotioNet: A 3-D Convolutional Neural Network for 2018 International Joint Brendan; Neo, Phoebe S.-H. EEG-based Emotion Recognition Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) 18165913 2161-4407 (2018 Waterhouse, G.I.N.; Chen, W.-T.; Achieving Color and Function with Structure: Optical ACS Omega 3(8), 9658- Chan, A.; Sun-Waterhouse, D. and Catalytic Support Properties of ZrO2 Inverse Opal 9674 (2018) Thin Films Xie, Huizhi; Dong, Jing; Duan, Junling; Visual and ratiometric fluorescence detection of Hg2+ Sensors and Actuators B: Waterhouse, Geoffrey I. N.; Hou, based on a dual-emission carbon dots-gold nanoclusters Chemical 259, 1082-1089 Juying; Ai, Shiyun nanohybrid (2018) Xie, Jiazhuo; Wang, Haijun; Wang, Innovative Linear Low Density Polyethylene Scientific Reports 8, 52 Zhou; Zhao, Qinghua; Yang, Nanocomposite Films Reinforced with Organophilic (2018) Yuechao; Waterhouse, Geoffrey I. N.; Layered Double Hydroxides: Fabrication, Morphology Hao, Lei; Xiao, Zihao; Xu, Jing and Enhanced Multifunctional Properties Yasin, M. Naveed; Brooke, Robert K.; 3-Dimensionally ordered macroporous PEDOT ion- Electrochimica Acta 269, Rudd, Sam; Chan, Andrew; Chen, exchange resins prepared by vapor phase polymerization 560-570 (2018) Wan-Ting; Waterhouse, Geoffrey for triggered drug delivery: Fabrication and I. N.;Evans, Drew; Rupenthal, Ilva D.; characterization Svirskis, Darren Zhang, M.; Dai, S.; Chandrabose, S.; High-Performance Fused Ring Electron Acceptor- Journal of the American Chen, K.; Liu, K.; Minchao, Q.; Xinhui, Perovskite Hybrid Chemical Society 140, L.; Hodgkiss, J. M.; Zhou, H.; Zhan, X. 14938-14944 (2018) Zhang, Xin; Zhao, Yufei; Jia, Xiaodan; Silica-Protected Ultrathin Ni3FeN Nanocatalyst for the Advanced Energy Materials Zhao, Yunxuan; Shang, Lu; Wang, Efficient Hydrolytic Dehydrogenation of NH3BH3 8, 1702780 (2018) Qing; Waterhouse, Geoffrey I. N.; Wu, Li-Zhu; Tung, Chen-Ho; Zhang, Tierui Zhang, Zhiqiang; Lee, Chern Hui; Dicke-model simulation via cavity-assisted Raman Physical Review A 97, Kumar, Ravi; Arnold, K. J.; Masson, transitions 43858 (2018) Stuart J.; Grimsmo, A. L.; Parkins, A. S.; Barrett, M. D. Zhao, Y.; Li, Z.; Li, M.; Liu, J.; Liu, X.; Reductive Transformation of Layered-Double-Hydroxide Advanced Materials 30, Waterhouse, G. I. N.; Wang, Y.; Nanosheets to Fe-Based Heterostructures for Efficient 1803127 (2018) Zhao, J.; Gao, W.; Zhang, Z.; Long, R.; Visible-Light Photocatalytic Hydrogenation of CO Zhang, Q.; Gu, L.; Liu, X.; Wen, X.; Ma, D.; Wu, L.-Z.; Tung, C.-H.; Zhang, T. Zhao, Yufei; Zhang, Xin; Jia, Xiaodan; Sub-3 nm Ultrafine Monolayer Layered Double Hydroxide Advanced Materials 8, Waterhouse, Geoffrey I. N.; Shi, Nanosheets for Electrochemical Water Oxidation 1803127 (2018) Run; Zhang, Xuerui; Zhan, Fei; Tao, Ye; Wu, Li-Zhu; Tung, Chen-Ho; O'Hare, Dermot; Zhang, Tierui Zhou, Yang; Cink, Ruth B.; Development of Photoactivatable Nitroxyl (HNO) Donors European Journal of Fejedelem, Zachary A.; Simpson, Incorporating the (3-Hydroxy-2-naphthalenyl)methyl Organic Chemistry 2018, M. Cather; Seed, Alexander J.; Phototrigger 1745-1755 (2018) Sampson, Paul; Brasch, Nicola E. * Dodd-Walls Centre investigators and students are indicated by boldface type

81

Davis Nathaniel credit: Photo Colloidal quantum dots are revolutionising the material industry through their tuneable bight emissions.

The image shows caesium lead halide nanocrystals, CsPbX3 (where X = Cl, Br, I). The image was made by mixing different ratios of CsPbCl3, CsPbBr3, CsPbI3, together to achieve the desired emission colour under UV excitation (365 nm). These nanocrystals exhibit photoluminescence quantum efficiencies approaching 100% without the core-shell structures usually used in conventional semiconductor nanocrystals. These high photoluminescence efficiencies make these crystals ideal candidates for light-emitting diodes.

DODD-WALLS CENTRE FOR PHOTONIC AND QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES

2018 ANNUAL REPORT