Evaluation of Mandibular Lingual Foramina Related to Dental Implant Treatment with Computerized Tomography: a Multicenter Clinical Study

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Evaluation of Mandibular Lingual Foramina Related to Dental Implant Treatment with Computerized Tomography: a Multicenter Clinical Study IMPLANT DENTISTRY / V OLUME 23, NUMBER 1 2014 57 Evaluation of Mandibular Lingual Foramina Related to Dental Implant Treatment With Computerized Tomography: A Multicenter Clinical Study Yagmur D. Yildirim, DDS, PhD,* Güliz N. Güncü, DDS, PhD, † Pablo Galindo-Moreno, DDS, PhD,‡ Miguel Velasco-Torres, DDS, PhD,§ Gintaras Juodzbalys, DDS, PhD, k Marius Kubilius, DDS,¶ Albinas Gervickas, DDS, PhD,# Khalid Al-Hezaimi, DDS, MS,** Ra ’ed Al-Sadhan, DDS, MS, †† Hasan Güney Yilmaz, DDS, PhD, ‡‡ Neset Volkan Asar, DDS, PhD,§§ Erdem Karabulut, PhD, kk Hom-Lay Wang, DDS, MS, PhD,¶¶ and Tolga F. Tözüm, DDS, PhD## ental implant placement is Background: Bleeding can be larger measurements. The mean a routine and predictable tech- one of the severe complications diameter of lingual foramina was D nique for the replacement of during implant placement or other 0.89 6 0.40 mm; 76.8% canal type missing teeth. Interforaminal region surgeries. Presurgical assessment was mono; 51.8% patients presented is a good choice for the implant place- fi of the area should be performed with median lingual canal-foramen ment to support xed partial dentures precisely. Thus, we examined lin- (MLC) and 21.1% with lateral lin- or overdentures. Symphysis is one of the autologous donor graft area in the gual vascular canals of the mandi- gual foramen. Diameter of MLC ble using dental computerized was statistically larger. tomography (CT); de fine the ana- Conclusions: With a large sam- *Clinical Instructor, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey. tomical characteristics of canals ple group, results represented that †Associate Professor, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey. and the relationship with mandibu- lingual foramina could be visual- ‡Associate Professor, Department of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. lar bone. ized with dental CT, providing use- §Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Radiology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. Methods: One thousand sixty- ful data for mandibular implant kProfessor, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania. ¶Research Investigator, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, one foramina in 639 patients, in 5 surgeries. Findings suggest that Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania. #Assistant Professor, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, dental clinics, were included in this vascular canals and several anas- Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania. **Associate Professor and Engineer Abdullah Bugshan multicenter study. Distance between tomoses exist in the anterior man- Research Chair for Growth Factors and Bone Regeneration, Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud crest and lingual foramen, tooth dible extending through premolar University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. †† Associate Professor, Department of Oral Medicine and apex and lingual foramen, distance and molar regions as well. It is Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. from mandibular border, diameter of imperative to consider these vessels ‡‡ Associate Professor, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Near East University, Mersin 10, Turkey. lingual foramen, canal type, anasto- with the dental CT before and §§Clinical Instructor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey. mosis, and location of foramen were during the mandibular surgery to kk Associate Professor, Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey. examined. prevent threatening hemorrhage. ¶¶Professor and Director, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, The University of Michigan, Ann Results: Foramen was 18.33 6 (Implant Dent 2014;23:57 –63) Arbor, MI. ##Professor, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of 5.45 mm below the bony crest and Key Words: dental implant, man- Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey. 17.40 6 7.52 mm from the mandib- dibula, anatomy, tomography, Reprint requests and correspondence to: Tolga F. ular border, with men showing humans, surgery Tözüm, DDS, PhD, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, 3rd Floor, Sihhiye, Ankara 06100, Turkey, Phone: +90-312-305- 2237, Fax: +90-312-310 4440, E-mail: [email protected] oral cavity in need of excessive ridge including the sublingual gland, mylo- ISSN 1056-6163/14/02301-057 1,2 Implant Dentistry augmentations. Submental branch of hyoid, geniohyoid and genioglossus Volume 23 Number 1 Copyright © 2014 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins the facial artery and sublingual branch muscles, mucous membranes of the 3,4 DOI: 10.1097/ID.0000000000000012 of the lingual artery supplies this area, mouth floor, and the lingual gingiva. 58 EVALUATION OF MANDIBULAR LINGUAL FORAMINA CANALS YILDIRIM ET AL Fig. 1. Dimensional measurements on axial Fig. 3. Arrows: A, LLC, B, anastomosis between lingual and inferior alveolar artery. mandibular CT sections. A, Distance between crest and lingual foramen. B, Distance between tooth apex and lingual foramen. C, region of the internal mandible. 7 between 0.3 and 1.1 mm (mean, 0.6 6 Vertical distance from the mandibular border Although interforaminal region is a rela- 0.2 mm). 34 Katakami et al 18 reported the to the lingual foramen. Arrow: diameter of lin- tively safe area to place implants, per- presence of arterial in the molar area and gual foramen. foration of the lingual cortex while measured a mean diameter of 0.88 6 placing dental implants can cause 0.2 mm. Position of the foramen was re- The submental artery supplies the severe hemorrhage. 8–17 Additionally portedtobe7.06mmfromtheborderofthe lymph nodes of the submandibular tri- with the arterial wound, if drilling rup- mandible. 18 Someauthorsclassi fiedthelin- angle, the anterior belly of the digas- tures lingual periosteum, damage to gual foramina of the mandible as median tric muscle, and the mylohyoid anatomical structures in the sublingual lingual canal-foramen (MLC) and lateral muscle. 3,5 Important arterial anastomo- space may enhance the bleeding, result- lingual canal-foramen (LLC). 5,21,34,35 ses are formed between sublingual and ing in the hematoma of the floor of the LLC diameters were found slightly submental arteries and between sublin- mouth. 8 Besides the interforaminal lower than the midline values. 5,6,22 gual and incisive arteries through mul- region, the presence of lingual foramen After tooth extraction, bone loss is tiple accessory lingual foramina. 6 in molar area has been reported as primarily horizontal from the labial side. Mental artery, the branch of the inferior well. 18 Severe hemorrhage was reported This resorption pattern results in a lin- alveolar artery, was found to communi- during drilling in molar and premolar gually angulated trajectory of mandible. cate with sublingual artery in the mental areas. 19,20 If atrophic inclined mandible is not Lingual vascular canals of the man- considered well before implant place- dible have been investigated anatomi- ment, risk of lingual perforations may cally or by means of computerized increase. Moreover, there is an existing tomography (CT). 21 –35 Cadaver studies osseous concavity, sublingual fossa, ex- depicted that both submental and sublin- tending to the first premolar region. gual arteries perforate into the mandible Dental CT is a well-known and fre- through lingual foramen/foramina. 4,30 quentlyused imaging technique todepict Longoni et al 34 examined the interfora- bony architecture and surrounding ana- minal area in 100 CTs of the Caucasian tomical structures. It is a valuable tool for patients. They reported 61% vascular ca- ridge mapping and diagnosis of pathol- nals ranging in entrance diameters ogies of the jaws, teeth, and maxillofacial Table 1. Descriptive Statistics Women Men P Total Distance between crest 17.64 6 5.27 19.30 6 5.57 0.000* 18.33 6 5.45 and artery mm Vertical distance from 16.98 6 8.35 17.97 6 6.15 0.034* 17.40 6 7.52 mandibular border mm Distance between tooth 9.44 6 4.32 10.94 6 4.33 0.000* 10.06 6 4.38 apex and artery mm Vertical size (diameter) of 0.87 6 0.42 0.91 6 0.37 0.086 0.89 6 0.40 foramen mm Fig. 2. Bi fid lingual canal in the anterior One thousand sixty-one lingual foramen on axial mandibular CT sections were examined for the following measurements in Table 1. mandible. Statistically signi ficant differences between men and women were detected in all parameters, except vertical size of the foramen. *P , 0.05. IMPLANT DENTISTRY / V OLUME 23, NUMBER 1 2014 59 Table 2. Vertical Size (Diameter) of Foramen Men Women Total #1 mm .1 mm #1 mm .1 mm #1 mm .1 mm n%n%n%n%n%n% Cyprus 23 27.1 62 72.9 23 26.4 64 73.6 46 26.7 126 73.3 Saudi Arabia 25 59.5 17 40.5 44 91.7 4 8.3 69 76.7 21 23.3 Spain 162 91.5 15 8.5 209 91.3 20 8.7 371 91.4 35 8.6 Lithuania 29 61.7 18 38.3 61 67 30 33 90 65.2 48 34.8 Turkey 85 88.5 11 11.5 141 88.7 18 11.3 226 88.6 29 11.4 Total 324 72.5 123 27.5 478 77.9 136 22.1 802 75.6 259 24.4 The distribution of diameters in 5 different countries was shown in this table. The diameter of foramina was classi fied as #1 and .1 mm to determine the risk of severe hemorrhage. Of the 1061 foramina, 75.6% were #1 mm and 24.4% were .1 mm. Table 3. Artery Type According to investigator (Y.D.Y., H.G.Y., M.V.-T., is detected, the mean measurements Gender R.A.-S., and G.J.) at each center per- were calculated and recorded as 1 mea- formed all the measurements. Spiral surement. Occurrence of lingual fora- Mono Bi fid Triple (Siemens AR-SP 40; Siemens, Munich, men on both the sides of mandible was (%) (%) (%) Germany) and cone-beam CT scans noted as bilateral, if not, unilateral.
Recommended publications
  • Assessment of Position of Mandibular and Genial Foramen in North Indian
    Rathi S et al. Position of Mandibular and Genial Foramen. Journal of Advanced Medical and Dental Sciences Research @Society of Scientific Research and Studies Journal home page: www.jamdsr.comdoi: 10.21276/jamdsr (e) ISSN Online: 2321-9599; (p) ISSN Print: 2348-6805 Original Article Assessment of Position of Mandibu lar and Genial Foramen in North Indian Human Mandibles Sunita Rathi, Kumar Vaibhaw 1Assistant Professor, Department Of Anatomy, 2Assistant Professor, Department Of Pathology, Rama Medical College Hospital & Research Centre, Hapur, U.P. ABSTRACT: Introduction: The mandibular foramen is a prominent foramen and its knowledge is of paramount importance during dental procedures of lower jaw. Most common of the accessory foramina are the foramina present on the internal aspect of the bone. They are named as lingual foramina if the foramina are present in the midline, superior, or within the genial tubercle. The present study was undertaken to examine the incidence of the Mandibular Foramen and lingual (genial) foramen and their morphological variants by examining adult north Indian human mandibles from anthropology museum. Material and Methods: The present study was carried on 500 adult north Indian human mandibles from anthropology museum,. They were carefully examined and the incidence of the Mandibular Foramen and lingual (genial) foramen and their morphological variants was observed and noted after visual examination. Data obtained was studied and tabulated. Results: The position of mandibular foramen was more common below the midpoint, 451 cases (90.2%) while it was less common at the midpoint, 49 (9.8%) cases. In none of the mandibles examined, the position of the mandibular foramen was found above the midpoint.
    [Show full text]
  • The Appearance of Foramen in the Internal Aspect of the Mental
    Okajimas Folia Anat. Jpn., 82(3): 83–88, November, 2005 The Appearance of Foramen in the Internal Aspect of the Mental Region of Mandible from Japanese Cadavers and Dry Skulls Under Macroscopic Observation and Three-dimensional CT Images By Shunji YOSHIDA1),TaisukeKAWAI2),KoichiroOKUTSU2), Takashi YOSUE2), Hitoshi TAKAMORI3), Masataka SUNOHARA and Iwao SATO1) 1Department of Anatomy, 2Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology School of Dentistry at Tokyo, 3Oral Implant Clinic, Nippon Dental University at Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan – Received for Publication, June 28, 2005 – Key Words: Lingual foramen, CT, Mandible Summary: The lingual canal with foramen displays different appearances on the internal surfaces of mandible as con- firmed by macroscopic observation and computerized tomography (CT). The lingual canal was observed in the inside of mental region run to the outside of lingual foramen, which is extend internally from mandibular canal in right and left sides of the mandible in cadavers (13 sides out of 88 sides) and in dry skulls (43 out of 94 sides) examined. The spinal foramen connected with mental canal occurred at the midline of mandible in 6 cases (6 out of 47 cases) in dry skulls. In this small foramen, the inferior alveolar artery give some branches to the inside of mental region at the anterior man- dible and which may be run pass through the lingual canal to the lingual foramen, where they emerge to enter the mylohyoid or anterior belly of digastric muscles. The observations of these are important considerations for surgical placement of dental implants in the region in the mandible. The anatomical location, course and arrange- treatments.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Download
    1 Contribution of dental private practitioners to 2 publications on anatomical variations using 3 cone beam computed tomography. 4 5 Authors: 6 Hebda A1,*MS, 7 Theys S2 DDS, 8 De Roissart J3 MD, 9 Perez E4 DDS, 10 Olszewski R1,3 DDS,MD,PhD,DrSc 11 Affiliations: 12 1 Oral and maxillofacial surgery research Lab, NMSK, IREC, SSS, UCLouvain, 13 Brussels, Belgium 14 2 Department of pediatric dentistry and special care, Cliniques universitaires saint 15 Luc, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium 16 3 Department of oral and maxillofacial surgery, Cliniques universitaires saint Luc, 17 UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium 18 4 Department of orthodontics, Cliniques universitaires saint Luc, UCLouvain, 19 Brussels, Belgium 20 *Corresponding author: Hebda A, Oral and maxillofacial surgery research Lab, 21 NMSK, IREC, SSS, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium, ORCID Id 0000-0001-5111- 22 0021 1 2 [Nemesis] Titre de l’article (PUL - En- tête paire) 23 Disclaimer: the views expressed in the submitted article are our own and not an 24 official position of the institution or funder. 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 [Nemesis] Titre de l’article (PUL - En- tête impaire) 3 61 Abstract 62 Objective: To investigate the participation of citizens-dental private practitioner in 63 scientific articles about anatomical variations on dentomaxillofacial CBCT. Our null 64 hypothesis was that private practice practitioners are not involved in publications on 65 anatomical variations using cone beam computed tomography.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 2 Implants and Oral Anatomy
    Chapter 2 Implants and oral anatomy Associate Professor of Maxillofacial Anatomy Section, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Tatsuo Terashima In recent years, the development of new materials and improvements in the operative methods used for implants have led to remarkable progress in the field of dental surgery. These methods have been applied widely in clinical practice. The development of computerized medical imaging technologies such as X-ray computed tomography have allowed detailed 3D-analysis of medical conditions, resulting in a dramatic improvement in the success rates of operative intervention. For treatment with a dental implant to be successful, it is however critical to have full knowledge and understanding of the fundamental anatomical structures of the oral and maxillofacial regions. In addition, it is necessary to understand variations in the topographic and anatomical structures among individuals, with age, and with pathological conditions. This chapter will discuss the basic structure of the oral cavity in relation to implant treatment. I. Osteology of the oral area The oral cavity is composed of the maxilla that is in contact with the cranial bone, palatine bone, the mobile mandible, and the hyoid bone. The maxilla and the palatine bones articulate with the cranial bone. The mandible articulates with the temporal bone through the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). The hyoid bone is suspended from the cranium and the mandible by the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles. The formation of the basis of the oral cavity by these bones and the associated muscles makes it possible for the oral cavity to perform its various functions.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of Medial Lingual Foramen with Cone-Beam Computed Tomography in a Turkish Adult Population
    Original Article Evaluation of medial lingual foramen with cone-beam computed tomography in a Turkish adult population Nihat Laçin1 , Birkan Tatar1 , İlknur Veli2 , Artemisa Adıgüzel3 1 İzmir Katip Çelebi University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, İzmir, Turkey 2 İzmir Katip Çelebi University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics, İzmir, Turkey 3 Health Sciences University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics, Istanbul, Turkey Abstract Aim: The aim of this study is to characterize the anatomical findings of the MLF in a Turkish population, using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methodology: The CBCT images of 350 untreated patients (164 male, 186 female ranging in age between 18 and 65) were included in this study. The distribution of MLFs were determined in axial, sagittal, and coronal planes by considering gender and side. For statistical evaluation, a chi- square test was used to analyze independent samples. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Correspondence: Results: At least 1 canal was observed in all subjects (n = 350). The most Dr. Nihat LAÇİN common result was a single canal. Among the 164 male patients (46.86%), İzmir Katip Çelebi University, Faculty of 98 had 1 canal (59.75%); 59 had 2 canals (35.97%); and 7 had 3 canals Dentistry, Department of Oral and (4.26%). Among the 186 female patients (53.14%), 134 (72.04%) had 1 Maxillofacial Surgery, İzmir, Turkey. conduit or canal; 49 (26.34%) had 2 canals; and only 3 case (1.61%) E-mail:[email protected] presented with 3 canals. Difference between genders was statistically Received: 1 October 2018 significant.
    [Show full text]
  • Anatomy Respect in Implant Dentistry. Assortment, Location, Clinical Importance (Review Article)
    ISSN: 2394-8418 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17352/jdps CLINICAL GROUP Received: 19 August, 2020 Review Article Accepted: 31 August, 2020 Published: 01 September, 2020 *Corresponding author: Dr. Rawaa Y Al-Rawee, BDS, Anatomy Respect in Implant M Sc OS, MOMS MFDS RCPS Glasgow, PhD, MaxFacs, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Al-Salam Dentistry. Assortment, Teaching Hospital, Mosul, Iraq, Tel: 009647726438648; E-mail: Location, Clinical Importance ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2554-1121 Keywords: Anatomical structures; Dental implants; (Review Article) Basic implant protocol; Success criteria; Clinical anatomy Rawaa Y Al-Rawee1* and Mohammed Mikdad Abdalfattah2 https://www.peertechz.com 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Al-Salam Teaching Hospital. Mosul, Iraq 2Post Graduate Student in School of Dentistry, University of Leeds. United Kingdom, Ministry of Health, Iraq Abstract Aims: In this article; we will reviews critically important basic structures routinely encountered in implant therapy. It can be a brief anatomical reference for beginners in the fi eld of dental implant surgeries. Highlighting the clinical importance of each anatomical structure can be benefi cial for fast informations refreshing. Also it can be used as clinical anatomical guide for implantologist and professionals in advanced surgical procedures. Background: Basic anatomy understanding prior to implant therapy; it's an important fi rst step in dental implant surgery protocol specifi cally with technology advances and the popularity of dental implantation as a primary choice for replacement loosed teeth. A thorough perception of anatomy provides the implant surgeon with the confi dence to deal with hard or soft tissues in efforts to restore the exact aim of implantation whether function or esthetics and end with improving health and quality of life.
    [Show full text]
  • Radiography 1016105 Student Test Report on Midt 1 A
    -, Radiography 1016105 Student Test Report On Midt 1 A Course #: 229 Instructor: Dr. S. Baden Course Title: Radiography Description: Radiography DayITime: TermNear: Fall 2005 Student ~m Student ID: Code: Possible Pts. Raw Obiective Subj./Essay Percent Grade MlDT 1: 22.00 18.00 18.00 0 81.82% B Response <dash> correct response <#> multiple marks <space> no response Description: <alphabet> student's incorrect response <*> bonus test item Test Items: 1-5 6-1 0 11-15 16-20 21-22 TestKey: E,B.D,E,C B,D,D,C,B A,C,D,A,C E,C,E,A,B D,A A - - - - D - - - - - - - - - - - Answers - 1 - ,- ,c 1 6 1 1 , 1 1 1 1 1 , , , , , Remarks: Student's Answer to Multiple Mark Question: No multiple mark answers or answer keys found on this test - Name - Place the following films in the correct position in the film mount. /Lf - d AlI slms have the bump facing up. 1 I I Name Basic Principles of Radiology Multiple choice: Choose the best single answer. 1. The key interproximal space for a maxillary right premolar PA is between. a.#2and3 b. # 13 and 14 c.#4and5 d. # 12 and 13 e.#3and4 2. Which of the following would not be seen in a maxillary central PA? a. lip b. ethrnoid sinus c. incisive foramen d. vomer e. nose 3. What would you change to make a film darker? a increase developing time b. increase mA setting c. decreased kVp setting d. increase exposure time e. decrease developing time 4. Which of the following has the highest percent interaction with biological tissues? a.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review on Variations in Lingual Foramina of the Mandible Midline
    Journal of Critical Reviews ISSN- 2394-5125 Vol 7, Issue 14, 2020 A REVIEW ON VARIATIONS IN LINGUAL FORAMINA OF THE MANDIBLE MIDLINE 1Jones Jayabalan, 2M.R.Muthusekhar 1Post Graduate Student Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India. 2Program Director Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India. Corresponding Author: Jones Jayabalan Post Graduate Student Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai-600077Tamil Nadu, India. Email id: [email protected] Received:16.04.2020 Revised: 21.05.2020 Accepted: 20.06.2020 Abstract The sublingual, submental arteries or their anastomosis perforate the lingual cortical plate through the lingual foramen. Both the arteries are branch of facial and lingual arteries respectively which either arises independently from the external carotid artery or arises from a common lingual facial trunk. The anterior mandibular midline at which the lingual foramen is frequently present is subjected to various procedure like dental implants, genioplasty, tori removal, block graft harvesting, screwing with or without plating following trauma or osteotomy. There is a wide range of anatomical variations of lingual foramen among individuals. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) has been shown to be superior to panoramic radiographs in displaying mandibular lingual foramen and its variations. Numerous studies have been carried out to examine the frequency, diameter, and other anatomical features of the lingual foramen and its canals.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 TERMINOLOGIA ANTHROPOLOGICA Names of The
    TERMINOLOGIA ANTHROPOLOGICA Names of the parts of the human body, terms of aspects and relationships, and osteological terminology are as in Terminologia Anatomica. GENERAL TERMS EXPLANANTION ADAPTATION Adjustment and change of an organism to a specific environment, due primarily to natural selection. ADAPTIVE RADIATION Divergence of an ancestral population through adaption and speciation into a number of ecological niches. ADULT Fully developed and mature individual ANAGENESIS The progressive adaption of a single evolutionary line, where the population becomes increasingly specialized to a niche that has remained fairly constant through time. ANCESTRY One’s family or ethnic descent, the evolutionary or genetic line of descent of an animal or plant / Ancestral descent or lineage ANTEMORTEM Biological processes that can result in skeletal modifications before death ANTHROPOCENTRICISM The belief that humans are the most important elements in the universe. ANTHROPOLOGY The study of human biology and behavior in the present and in the past ANTHROPOLOGIST BIOLOGICAL A specialist in the subfield of anthropology that studies humans as a biological species FORENSIC A specialist in the use of anatomical structures and physical characteristics to identify a subject for legal purposes PHYSICAL A specialist in the subfield of anthropology dealing with evolutionary changes in the human bodily structure and the classification of modern races 1 SOCIAL A specialist in the subfield of anthropology that deals with cultural and social phenomena such as kingship systems or beliefs ANTHROPOMETRY The study of human body measurement for use in anthropological classification and comparison ARCHETYPE That which is taken as the blueprint for a species or higher taxonomic category ARTIFACT remains of past human activity.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of Mandibular Incisive Canal Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Malaysians
    J. Maxillofac. Oral Surg. (Oct–Dec 2019) 18(4):596–603 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12663-018-1168-2 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Evaluation of Mandibular Incisive Canal using Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Malaysians 1 1 1 Jimmy Teong Sek Lim • Wan Jing Kang • Ranjeet Ajit Bapat • 1 1 Sham Kishor Kanneppady • Rohit Pandurangappa Received: 14 March 2018 / Accepted: 10 October 2018 / Published online: 17 October 2018 Ó The Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons of India 2018 Abstract length and course of the MIC in gender, age, dental status Objectives The risk of damaging the mandibular incisive and Malaysian races. canal (MIC) during surgery in the anterior mandible should Results The mean length of the MIC was not be overlooked. Hence, preoperative radiographic 11.31 ± 2.65 mm, with the Malays having the longest assessment is essential to avoid complications. This study MIC, followed by the Chinese and the Indians (p \ 0.05). was aimed to estimate the length of the MIC in the inter- The MIC deviated towards the lingual cortical plate, with foraminal safe zone, to analyse its course in relation to the significance seen in the Indian and the male patients lingual and the buccal cortical plates of the mandible using (p \ 0.05). No significant difference was noticed with cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans and to respect to patient age and dental status. relate the above findings to age, gender, dental status and Conclusions Assessment of the MIC should be performed Malaysian races. using CBCT on a case-by-case basis as it provides essential Methods Retrospective analysis of 100 CBCT scans information during preoperative planning of surgery in the (n = 200) was performed on both sides of the mandible.
    [Show full text]
  • Anatomical Characteristics of the Lingual Foramen in Ancient Skulls: a Cone Beam Computed Tomography Study in an Anatolian Population K.O
    Folia Morphol. Vol. 77, No. 3, pp. 514–520 DOI: 10.5603/FM.a2018.0009 O R I G I N A L A R T I C L E Copyright © 2018 Via Medica ISSN 0015–5659 www.fm.viamedica.pl Anatomical characteristics of the lingual foramen in ancient skulls: a cone beam computed tomography study in an Anatolian population K.O. Demiralp1, S. Bayrak2, M. Orhan3, A. Alan1, E.S. Kursun-Cakmak1, K. Orhan4 1Dentomaxillofacial Radiology Department, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey 2Dentomaxillofacial Radiology Department, Abant İzzet Baysal University, Dentistry Faculty, Bolu, Turkey 3Dentomaxillofacial Radiology Department, Beykent University, Dentistry Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey 4Dentomaxillofacial Radiology Department, Ankara University, Dentistry Faculty, Ankara, Turkey [Received: 31 May 2017; Accepted: 29 September 2017] Background: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the anatomical features of lingual foramina and their bony canals in Anatolian ancient mandibles (9–10th century) by using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and methods: Fifty-eight ancient dry mandibles were scanned with CBCT. Lingual foramina were grouped into midline, paramedian, posterior foramina and combination of these groups. Midline group was also classified according to internal surface of the mandible (gonial tubercles [GTs]). The incidence, verti- cal distance and diameter of lingual foramina were measured according to age groups and gender. Results: The incidence of the lingual foramen was 96.6%. Midline of the symphy- sis had the highest incidence (34.4%) of foramina (p < 0.05), followed by both midline and paramedian type (32.8%; p < 0.05). Classification in terms of GT represented class 3 as the most encountered group (28.6%).
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of the Bone Anatomy of the Anterior Region of the Mandible Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography
    REVISTA DE ODONTOLOGIA DA UNESP ORIGINAL ARTICLE Rev Odontol UNESP. 2018 Mar-Apr; 47(2): 69-73 © 2018 - ISSN 1807-2577 Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-2577.10517 Evaluation of the bone anatomy of the anterior region of the mandible using cone beam computed tomography Avaliação da anatomia da região anterior da mandíbula por meio de tomografia de feixe cônico Bruna Jussara Constantino LOCKSa, Marcela CLAUDINOb*, Luciana Reis AZEVEDO-ALANISc, Alessandra Soares DITZELc, Flávia Noemy Gasparini Kiatake FONTÃOa aILAPEO – Instituto Latino Americano de Pesquisa e Ensino Odontológico, Curitiba, PR, Brasil bUEPG – Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brasil cPUCPR – Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil Resumo Introdução: Hemorragias, edema no assoalho bucal e elevação da língua são complicações relacionadas a procedimentos cirúrgicos na região anterior da mandíbula. Objetivo: Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar a presença e localização do forame lingual na região anterior da mandíbula e avaliar a morfologia mandibular utilizando tomografia computadorizada com feixe de cone (CBCT). Material e método: A morfologia da mandíbula e a localização, diâmetro e altura do forame lingual foram analisados utilizando​​ a medula e o forame mental como referências em 278 CBCT. Resultado: 88% da amostra tinha um forame lingual da linha média, totalizando 408 forames, com um diâmetro médio de 0,93 mm. Na região lingual entre a linha média e forames mentais foram detectados em 75% da amostra, com um diâmetro médio de 0,807 mm. Não houve correlação positiva entre a presença de forames lingual nas regiões lateral ou na região média (r = -0,149; p = 0,013).
    [Show full text]