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Funding for Media Development by Major Donors Outside the United States

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Funding for Media Development by Major Donors Outside the United States Funding for Media Development by Major Donors Outside the United States A Report to the Center for International Media Assistance By Mary Myers December 3, 2009 The Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA), a project of the National Endowment for Democracy, aims to strengthen the support, raise the visibility, and improve the effectiveness of media assistance programs by providing information, building networks, conducting research, and highlighting the indispensable role independent media play in the creation and development of sustainable democracies around the world. An im- portant aspect of CIMA’s work is to research ways to attract additional U.S. private sector interest in and support for international media development. CIMA convenes working groups, discussions, and panels on a variety of topics in the field of media development and assistance. The center also issues reports and recommendations based on working group discussions and other investigations. These reports aim to provide policymakers, as well as donors and practitioners, with ideas for bolstering the effectiveness of media assistance. Marguerite H. Sullivan Senior Director Center for International Media Assistance National Endowment for Democracy 1025 F Street, N.W., 8th Floor Washington, D.C. 20004 Phone: (202) 378-9700 Fax: (202) 378-9407 Email: [email protected] URL: http://cima.ned.org About the Author Mary Myers Mary Myers is a freelance consultant, based in the United Kingdom. Her specialties are media in Africa, radio serving the poor, monitoring and evaluation, and gender issues. A freelancer since 1996, her background, prior to that, was in project management with various UK-based NGOs such as Christian Aid and SOS Sahel. From 2002-2003, she was a communication adviser to UK’s Department for International Development within the Social Development Division, of Media Development Funding Report: Research CIMA Non-U.S. where she gave advice and worked on project management, research, and field appraisals on all aspects of DFID’s programs, particularly in Africa. In 2004 she completed her PhD at Reading University on radio and rural women in Eritrea. Currently she is part-time media adviser to France Coopération Internationale in the Democratic Republic of Congo. She still often works for DFID and has also recently worked with other clients such as the World Bank, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, International Development Research Center, Search for Common Ground, Farm Radio International, and others. Center for International Media Assistance 1 Table of Contents Abbreviations 4 Preface 6 Introduction 7 Overview 8 How do Donors see Media Development? 8 Emerging Issues and Trends 9 Which Donors Are Leading the Field? 11 Is Media Assistance Increasing or Decreasing? 12 Details by Donor Country/Organization 14 Arab States 14 Australia 15 Austria 16 Belgium 16 Canada 17 CIMA Research Report: Non-U.S. Funding of Media Development Funding Report: Research CIMA Non-U.S. People’s Republic of China 20 Denmark 21 France 23 Germany 25 Ireland 26 2 Center for International Media Assistance Japan 26 Netherlands 29 Norway 30 Portugal 32 CIMA Research Report: Non-U.S. Funding of Media Development Funding Report: Research CIMA Non-U.S. Spain 32 Switzerland 33 Sweden 34 United Kingdom 36 European Commission 39 UNESCO 41 International Programme for the Development of Communication 41 United Nations Development Programme and UN Democracy Fund 42 Appendix 1: OECD figures on Media Assistance 44 Appendix 2: Persons Consulted 49 Appendix 3: Methodology 51 Appendix 4: Exchange Rates 52 Bibliography 53 Endnotes 56 Center for International Media Assistance 3 Abbreviations AECID Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation AMI African Media Initiative AUC African Union Commission CAD Canadian Dollar CAMECO Catholic Media Council CAR Central African Republic CFP Co-financing Program (Netherlands) CIDA Canadian International Development Aid CommGAP Communication for Governance and Accountability Program DAC Development Assistance Committee DANIDA Danish International Development Agency DFID UK’s Department for International Development DKK Danish Krone DRC Democratic Republic of Congo EC European Commission CIMA Research Report: Non-U.S. Funding of Media Development Funding Report: Research CIMA Non-U.S. FES Friedrich Ebert Stiftung FOCAC Forum on China-Africa Cooperation GFMD Global Forum for Media Development GNI Gross National Income ICT Information and Communication Technology ICT4D ICTs for Development 4 Center for International Media Assistance IDRC International Development Research Center IFEX International Freedom of Expression eXchange IMS Institute for Media Support IPDC International Programme for the Development of Communication KAF Konrad Adenaur Foundation NGO Nongovernmental Organization of Media Development Funding Report: Research CIMA Non-U.S. NOK Norwegian Krone NORAD Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation ODA Official Development Assistance OECD Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development OFID OPEC Fund for International Development OGC Oslo Governance Center (UNDP) OIF Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie OPEC Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries PRC People’s Republic of China SDC Swiss Development Cooperation SEK Swedish Krona Sida Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency UK United Kingdom UN United Nations UNDEF United Nations Democracy Fund UNDP United Nations Development Program UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Center for International Media Assistance 5 Preface The Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) at the National Endowment for Democracy (NED) commissioned this study of media development funding outside the United States. The purpose of this report is to better understand the current situation and trends in non-U.S. donor financing of the media development and media for development sector. CIMA is grateful to Mary Myers, an expert on international media development with many years of experience in this field, for her research and insights on this topic.Any opinions or views expressed within this report are those of the author and do not necessarily represent CIMA or NED. As the report makes clear, reporting standards and definitions vary widely from country to country, making precise comparisons difficult. However, while the numbers in some of the tables may not represent a complete picture, the report provides a valuable resource by pointing out how donors compare in the emphasis they place on media development in general. We hope that this report will become an important reference for international media assistance efforts and spur further research on the level of funding for media by countries around the world. Marguerite H. Sullivan Senior Director Center for International Media Assistance CIMA Research Report: Non-U.S. Funding of Media Development Funding Report: Research CIMA Non-U.S. 6 Center for International Media Assistance Introduction The main guiding questions for this research It looks at the communication sector more are: broadly and attempts to include and put a funding figure on all areas where donors How much are European and other are supporting media-related activities— governments and donors spending on explicitly or not. (For a discussion of what international media development? constitutes media support, see following section). Furthermore, it was not within the Where is the money going, for what sort of scope of this study to analyze the successes of Media Development Funding Report: Research CIMA Non-U.S. development (training, capacity building, or failures of donors’ media support policies. infrastructure, legal or physical safety, etc.) That has been discussed elsewhere, to some and what are the trends in terms of donor extent,1 but it still remains an interesting priorities and approaches? subject for deeper research and evaluation. The present study is an update of one The method used involved a combination of produced for the United Kingdom’s e-mail questionnaires, telephone interviews Department for and Internet -research. International The author used her Development (DFID) professional contacts by the author, with How much are European and to generate an initial Emma Grant, in 2007 set of interviewees, (see Grant and Myers other governments and donors which then expanded in References). That spending on international to others. More than study was, in one media development? 55 questionnaires way, more limited in were sent out, once the that it dealt only with relevant person was media support when thought to have been used by donors to identified. Replies enhance access to information and promote from 25 individuals were received over a governmental accountability in developing period of about four months. (The main countries. In another way it was broader in questions asked are in Appendix 3). Where that it made recommendations about “what the information is brief and/or anecdotal, works” and “what are the gaps” in media either no reply was received or it was not support in order to guide DFID policy. possible to find a contact point (in China, for The present study is less of a discussion example) and/or the information available on document and more of a straight survey. the Web was insufficient. Center for International Media Assistance 7 Overview How Do Donors See Media The problem of how media projects are Development? classified is compounded by the following: For purposes of this
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