Political Life of William Andrews Clark
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University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 1942 Political life of William Andrews Clark Clayton Farrington The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Farrington, Clayton, "Political life of William Andrews Clark" (1942). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 3247. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/3247 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE POLITICAL LIFE OP WILLIAM AKDEBWS CLAEK By __________ Clayton Farrington (a . B., M onta^^ ta^e" Oliver si ty\ Ï9&) Presented in partial fxzlfillmsnt of the requirement for the degree of Master of Arts Montana State University 1942 Approved; Chairman of Board of Examiners Chairman of Committee on Graduate Study UMI Number: EP36135 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMT DkMMTtidlkm P^isM ng UMI EP36135 Published by ProQuest LLC (2012). Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQ uest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 - 1346 TABLE OF COÜTBKTS CHAPTSE PAC-S imODUCTIOH A3D FOREWORD........................................................................ i I . A BRISP SKETCH OF CLARK «S LIFE AITD CHARACTER.................................... 1 I I . CLARK AKD EARLY MORTAHA POLITICS...................................... , . 10 I I I . TBS CLARÎC-DAIY FEUD........................................................................... 28 17. CLARE'S DECISION TO BE A CANDIDATE IN 1699; BIS BENCHKEN. 41 7 . THE WHITESIDE EXPOSURE ................................................................................ 55 VI. THE GRAND JURY INVESTIGATION.................................................................... 83 V II. WHITESIDE'S LATER DIFFICULTIES............................................................... 96 V III. CLARK'S ELECTION TO THE SENATE............................................................... 105 IX. THE DISBARMENT OF JOHN B. WELLCOME....................................................... 114 X. THE SENATORIAL INVESTIGATION................................................................... 142 XI. CLARK OUTWITS THE MEMORIALISTS................................................................ 246 X II. CLARK'S FINAL VINDICATION........................................................................ X III. CLARK'S RECORD IN TEE SENATE. ^ .................................................. 255 BIBLIOGRAPHY..................................................................................................... 214 APPENDIXES I . CLARK'S NEZ PERCE ADVENTURE........................................................... 318 I I . SHORT SKETCHES..................................................................................... 319 I I I . WHITESIDE IN NEILL'S OFFICE.......................... •............................... 224 IV. MURDER IN PRECINCT V III.................................................................... 225 7. TABULATION OF LEGISLATIVE MEMBERS VOTING FOR CLARE IN SENATORIAL ELECTION OF 1399 ............................................... 229 imODUCÎIOK iîîD FOREWORD The accounts and fetches of Senator William Andrews Clark portray him in a very contradictory manner. As a result, it is extremely diffi cult to obtain a really accurate statement in regard to his true self. The sketches to he found in Progressive Men of Montana and the History of Montana, hy Helen F. Sanders, are highly eulogistic and laudatory with considerable fiction interwoven with fact. These accounts are very similar and, since Mrs. Sanders’ work was published some ten years after the other book, she no doubt relied upon the earlier work for much of her information. A few extracts will suffice to illustrate. Progressive Men of Montana says: "For all the brave men who have dared the perils of the plains and fou^t step by step for mastery and control of the territory against the alert and hostile savages, and then turned from the sanguinary battlefield to the pleasanter paths of peace and com mercial industry, gaining rewards in wealth and honors..., none has been more conspicuous in sunlight or shadow, peace or war, panic or prosperity, than Senator William A. Clark. "Tliat he would have developed into an able and successful attorney is without question; and instead of individually ex ploiting the vast enterprises with which his name is now associated, he m i^t have been now receiving retainers from similar gigantic corporations. "There is no one in the state with a higher broader sense of public duty. The services he has rendered to his party, city, state, and country may be called invaluable. Progressive Men of Montana. (Chicago, A. W. Bowen & Co., cir. 1902), pp. 1104 and 1106. i i These statements in the main are only polite fiction, or at hest gross exaggeration. It is well known that Clark never did fi^ t the Indians, even when he led the Batte Battalion in the Bez Perce war; his great bravery is highly questionable—he undoubtedly had many chances to fight in the Civil War but did not. Whether he would ever have been a great lawyer is highly iurorobable—he studied law only a short time, and very likely was far more interested in other intellectual pursuits. His great success in business does not mean necessarily that he would have been successful in almost every other field. It is probable, too, that Clark looked upon success in politics more from the standpoint of personal prestige and fame than from a sense of public duty. His "in valuable services" to the nation included opposition to Roosevelt's conservation policy and the Hepburn Act, because he was financially interested in both cases. Mrs. Sanders in the History of Montana makes the following statements: "A pioneer of pioneers, a man of courage and ambition, ...a citizen loyal and progressive in all things. Senator Clark has been a dominating force in the civic and industrial development and upbuilding of Montana, and for all time will the state owe him a debt of gratitude and honor.... "...in the midst of his great industrial and financial interests Mr. Clark...has not denied to the State and Nation services of a high order—services which Time is proving to have been of greater value than were shown by contemporary estim ates...Senator Clark has manifested a high stamp of civic stewardship, is admirably fortified in his opinions touching matters of governmental and economic polity, and his loyalty as a citizen and as a stalwart supporter of the cause of the Democratic Party cannot be impugned, the while i l l popular appreciation of bis public service must continue, cumulative with the passing of years."2 Mrs. Sanders slides over bis career in the Senate very nicely by sayings "Of bis service in tbe United States Senate it is not necessary to give details in tbis article, for bis record has become a very part of tbe bistory of tbat body and one wbicb redounds to bis credit and honor. Concerning tbe fact tbat tbe Senate refused to seat him because of bis questionable election to tbat body, on account of bribery, both tbe sketches of Clark in the books referred to give tbe following verbatim : "On bis application for permission to take bis seat, partisan politics again intervened, and at tbe request of tbe Republican majority in tbe Senate, tbe question of bis seating was held in abeyance. Both these texts are also exactly alike in regard to tbe opposi tion to him in 1900, when be was again a candidate for tbe Senate: "Certain well known and. strong corporate interests threw large sums of money into the state, ostensibly for tbe defeat of tbe Democratic state ticlcet, but in reality to defeat bis senatorial a ^ iratio n .. .immense sums were expended, tbe while there was established in Butte an extensive art plant, appar ently for tbe sole purpose of supplying political caricature directed against him."5 %elea f. Sanders, History of Montana. (3 Vols., Chicago, Tbe Lewis Publishing Co., 1913), II, pp. 354 and 858, ^Ibid. p. 859. Progressive Men of Montana, p. 1107. Sanders, History of Montana. II, p. 858. 5 Progressive Men of Montana, p. 1108. Sanders, History of Montana. II, p. 853. iv Concerning his generosity Mrs. Sanders says: *To many he has given a helping hand and a cheering word of encouragement. His heart has "been attuned to sympathy and tolerance, and those who know him hest are they who will most earnestly attest to this. His has heen a wonderful suc cess in tenç)oral affairs, hut the generous, kindly heart of the man has shown itself above all and over all his activities, with the result tliat he merits the high regard in which he is held in the state....”® Igain it is easily seen that all these remarks