MAIN ROADS JOURNALOF THE DEPARTMENT OF MAIN ROADS, NEWSOUTHWALES SEPTEMBER 1981. WLUME 46 No. 3 come go ISSN 0025-0597 and Soon after the ’s arrival at Cove, a search was corn made for suitable farming land and the district at the head of the River was chosen. At this time the road linking the 67 A NEW BRIDGE FOR THE RICHMOND RIVER- hvo centms msat best a bush track and consequently river trans- WOODBURN port uan early favour. 69 ONE HUNDRED YEARS AGO-THE FOUNDING OF In 1789, the 10 tonne Rose Hill Packet commencedplying its NEW ITALY trade between Sydney and Parramatta, powered by oar and sail. ~~ ~~ ~ On occasion. this vessel took more than a week to do the round 70 THE MOUNTAIN ROADS OF COX AND MITCHELL hip. its sluggish nature earning it the nickname “The Lump”. ~~ ~~ 71 GREAT WESTERN HIGHWAY-SOME CURRENT By the early 1830s steamships operated the route. yet their use- WRKS fulness was short lived. For by this stage, the road weshvard had 73 A NEW PAVEMENT FOR SYDNEY HARBOUR BRIDGE been extended beyond the Blue Mountains (see article beginning on p. 70),and that portion between Sydney and Parramatta was 75 MINISTERIAL CHANGES FAREWELLS AND a well-established transport route for both passengers and pro- INTRODUCTIONS duce. 76 MOVING IN THE RIGHT DIRECTION-AID FOR THE The crossing of the harbour at Sydney had also posed problems. DISABLED In 1817, a West Indian named Billy Blue was granted 32 ha. of 79 TRANSPORTNEEDSIN THE WOLLONGONG REGION land to the north of the harbour, an area known now as Blues Point. He established Sydney’s first feny setvice by row boat, 84 CITYTOSURF 1981 canying goods and passengers behueen the northem shore and 86 GElTlNGTHROUGH.. .ROADTUNNELSONNEW Millers Point. SOUTH WALES MAIN ROADS A double-ended paddlewheel steam punt named Wncess began 90 STATEMENTOF RECEIPTSAND PAYMENTS FORTHE a regular vehicle service in 1842 between Dawes Point and Blues YEAR ENDED30JUNE 1981 Point. This service ran at a loss and was withdrawn after 15 months. Hcuwer, other femes soon replaced her. 93 DEPARTMENTS NEW MINI-PAVER In the 1880s a number of road links to the northern shore were 94 TENDERSACCEPTED BY DEPARTMENTAND established, via the original Gladesville and Fig Tree Bridges. COUNCILS This new route, although making road transport easier, was still not an attractive alternative to the many ferries which now aossed the harbour in a fraction of the time. By 1890, Sydney harbour femes were canying he million pass- engers and almost 400,000 vehicles annually. Patronage in- creased and by 1928, the harbour ferries carried 46 million passengers annually. The rest, of course, is histoy. Feny patronage dwindled, for on 19 March 1932, the bridge Sydneysiders knew as the grandest in the world was opened, finally providing a direct road link to the north. Sydney Harbour Bridge will be celebrating its jubilee anniversay in 1982 and a special commemorative issue of Main Roads, con- taining the bridge’s amazing sto- will be published in March. Today the bridge cames, on average, about 160,oOO vehicles daily. This usage understandably takes its toll in wear and tear on the bridge’s pavement. The difficult task of resurfacing the bridge and its approaches is examined on p. 73 of this issue. At the Richmond River on New South Wales’ north coast, the recent completion of the 216m long bridge at Woodburn has Issued by the Commissioner for Main Roads. B. N. Loder. meant that yet another costly feny service is no longer needed. A brief histoy of the district and the , together with details of Additional copies of this journal may be obtained from the Public the new bridge is included in an article beginning on p. 67. Relations Section, Department of Main Roads, 309 Castlereagh Street, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Femes, like the earliest bush tracks, have played an important part in the development of our road system. Yet it is inevitable TVpeset by Dalley Middleton Moore Pty. Ltd. that the weaker links must be replaced. It is sadly their lot, it Printed by Blake and Hargreaves b. Ltd. seems, that femes come and go. 0

MAIN ROADS, SEPTEMBER 1981 ANNBRIDGE FORTHE RICHMOND RIVER

Big Bridge for the Big Scrub

The Richmond River was discovered in In 1979, the feny averaged 175 trips per from Hexham to Grafton, at which point 1828 by Heny Rouse, Commander of day and cost $70,000 to operate. The a steamer could take travellers down the H.M.S. Rainbow. Pastoral occupation feny is to be replaced by a bridge, a ckrence River to Hanuood, then another began around 1840, yet there was little sound decision both economically and coach to Woodburn, where the coach attempt at cultivation for the next twenty practically. The bridge. which is nearing route terminated. years. In contrast, the cedar industry, completion, will be opened to traffic in In 1925,when the Main Roads Board was which started there in 1842, soon em October 1981. It is of considerable eco- ployed more than 1,500 people. nomic importance to the local com- established, the main roads system was of a vey poor standard. About 430km, or The men and wmen worked hard in the munity, particularly to cane grown who seek to transport produce to the Bmad- less than half of the Pacific Highway be- "Big Saub, Wng to eke out their ling tween Sydney and the Queensland in an unknown land. The eucalypt forests water Mill by road. The new bridge will also establish a direct link for Lismore border, had a sealed surface. The rest around Woodburn and Lawrence were was dirt or gravel. felled to provide timber for railways, traffic joining with the Pacific Highy or wharves and bridges. Woodburn itself going to Evans Head. At this time, there were eleven crossings (originally known as Rock Mouth). was of watenvays by femes on the Pacific used as a depot for shipbuilding. The 150 The early roads tonne brigs Dart and Prince of Wales, In the 1880s. many of the roads in the which were built here, were among the area were just namtradts through the first vessels launched on the Richmond scrub-like vegetation. A coach route ran River. Even before the turn of the century, Woodburn was a busy travel centre. It was a depot for both coaches and river steamers. In 1878 the first government punt on the Richmond River was put into ophtion and in 1899 the first regular Woodbum ferry senrice started. The orig inal timber vessel, with its twin cylinder steam engine, was still in senrice when the Main Roads Board took it over in 1925. The old feny had a hard time of it when the Richmond River flooded, which was fairly often. On such occasions, not only did people have to move themselves and their belongings to safety, but liestock- particularly from the north of Woodburn -had to be femed across to the higher county in the south. This operation con tinued until rising floodwaters made the journey too dangerous. The feny was eventually replaced by a steel decked, diesel-powered model with a twelve-car capacity.

MAIN ROADS, SEPTEMBER 1981 ’Ilaec picturesque dews of the new bridge ooer the Richmond Rimat

.. . .- ,

MAIN RnAnS SFPTFMRFR 1981 II ONE 11 HUNDRED YEARSAGO The New Itoly commun@ near Wood- burn had its gene& in most unusual circumstances, about one hundred years ago. It uma started by the sur- @rs of an expedition organked by the FmnChmMorpu* do hpto ct- tabllsh a colony in New Ireland, east of New Guinea. In 1879, agents of the Maquis visited the prouince of Venetio in Italy and pomlsed thirty hres of land In Newirelandtoanyonewhowouldpay 1800 fmncs. In July ISSO. a uessel carrying 200 men, women and chil. hnkft -Iona, Spain, reaching Port &eton, New Ireland, in actober. A number of passengers ded on the wynge, houing becorn Ill oftereating the rottingfood But heir new land was no better. Port Breton consisted of 4wo hastily edrhcdr 7hh new land was mlya iungkuwerod blond ohr- ing the new horrors of indignant natives. tropical diseases and little familiar food 77wy soon sent a deputation to the New South Wales Govemmenc and, after negotiations, were retrieued by the DLIYI James Patterson by order of the Premier, Henry Porkes. They reached Sydney In April, 1881 and wore occornmodated In the Agrlcul- tuml Hall in the Domain. About one year later, R. Camfntttr, a formerfrom the New Irelond expedition, went north to the Richmond Rluer and sekded a 16 ha block near Wood- bum. In IS?, eight more Italians selected smoll blocks in the ram am, and Highway north of Neuastle. and several ohen took up land in 1884 and 1885. more on smaller roads. The trip is far less ~~~~~~~,"mm~~ 7'he name New Italy cum into use in demanding today. All the rivers and bemln t,,.=~~m~.~a:r,,.=~m 1885. John Lang, a member of the streams on the highway, as well as the form. a -t mimi f~md pmoidaa Woodbum School Board, applied for rivers at Ashby and now at Woodburn, cleclmnce of 8.5 m ahMem Hgh Water 1 the establishment of a school in the have been bridged. e tldw. am and suggested the name New Italy. The bridge at Woodburn is a fine 27m spans. Overall width of the structure example of co-operation between Gov- is ll.lm, including an 8m wide car- 1 By 1899, forty-three famllies were ernments, Councils and private enter- liuing in the district Gmdually the next riageway and a footway 1.8m wide. on prise. It spans the bounday between the the downstream side. , genemtion sought employment else- City of Lismore and the Richmond River where, so that by the 1- onlya few Shire, and provides an attractive focal New Jersey type trafic barriers are pm- I familks remamcd point for this historic area, now one of the vided along the edges of the carriageway. 1 The Department has recently con- most densely populated rural areas in A steel grille railing has been provided sbuded o rest amadjacent to the Australia. along the outside edge of the foohvay monument to New Italy, on the west- Space for public utilities has been pro- ern side of the Pa@ Highy south Some dimensioos vided beneath the footway slabs. Light standards are provided at 40.5m intervals of Woodburn. The 216m long bridge consists of eight kontinuedonpoge92J I MAIN ROADS, SEITEMBER 1981 69 THEMOUNTAIN ROADS OF COX AND MITCHELL Folldng the first successful wossing of When constructed, the road had sections the Blue Mountains in May, 1813 by Mth a grade of 1 in 4 which provoked Blaxland. Lamon and Wentworth, Gov- feelings of awe in the hearts of many emor Macquarie sent Assistant Surveyor early travellers. At Mount York, Mac- George Evans to investigate the planned quarie himself remarked "we halted for a mute for a new and vital mad westward. little while to view this frightful tremen- dous pass". The descent was rather tem- Evans estimated that twelve men could fying. Logs were tied behind carts to dear a road in three months. Macquarie, in his despatch to London of April 1814, steady them doum the steep grade. At the bottom the logs were unhitched and left realistically increased the estimate to 50 strewn over the road. These accumu- labowrs. lations became so bad at times that Agicultumlist William Cox volunteered parties of convicts had to be sent to clear his services to supenrise construction of them. the mad and gathered together a group of men Mth a Mde variety of skills. The Bringing a loaded cart up the Mount convict workers. selected for length of York pass often imbed the use of ropes service and good behaviour, were offered and pulleys hitched to bullocks driven emancipation on the completion of the down the pass. Heavy staples with imn mad as a reward for their "Fatigues and rings attached, fastened into rodc at the Privations". steepest points, acted as anchors. The mad was commenced on 18 July, Cox's road soon fell into a state of disre- 1814, by cutting an approach to Emu pair and was abandoned west of Mount Ford down the eastern bank of the York in favour of a route credited to Law Nepean River. Despite sickness, bad son. This mute was in use in 1827, and weather and a severe mountain winter, carried traffic westward until 1832. the road was completed on 14 Januay, Mitchell by this stagewas proceeding Mth 1815, as far as the site of Bathurst. Even a road via Mount Victoria along a better though the 162 km road was barely a route discovered by him. 4 m wide bush track, it was a triumph for Cox and his men. The chopping and Victoria Pass was declared open by Gov- grubbing of bees and the removal of emor Bourke in October 1832. This de- rocks and boulders, was a formidable scent is still in use, although widened and task The work included construction of reconstructed in a number of sections. bridges to span the Lett and Coxs Rivers. The eastern ascent of the Blue Moun- Mitchell again suggested a better route tains from Emu Plains, as constructed by along the gully through which Lapstone Creek flows. A deviation was put in hand Mitchells Pass. built In 1832. looklng Cox, was used for seventeen years. A tolwnl. Emu Plohu. Thb uctian of the new road was then built between Emu and was also finished in October 1832, mute, named aftu -1. Wor Plains and the Pilgrim Inn (the site of Governor Bourke naming it Mitchells Mtchdl. mns ohma thegulf# LkDlgh I&CJI present day Blaxland). in order to avoid Pass. hPStOt=-ll--. the flood-prone Knapsack Gully. During the construction of this pass, Mit- chell employed David Lennox to design and build a bridge across Lapstone Creek. This has been claimed to be the first "scientifically constructed" stone arch bridge on the Australian mainland. In 1926 a further deviation, on an im- proved grade and alignment, was built from Emu Plains. This deviation included a section of mad built by the Main Roads Board along an abandoned railway track using the Knapsack GuUy bridge which was subsequentlywidened for traffic. Mit- chells Pass then ceased to be the main mute. 0

Soo Mom Rdr.Sopember 1949. Vol 15. No 1. pp 6 15. lor an artrle entitled The Great Worn

...=.Hurhuau A Romance~~ of Ea* Road &Iudl~"and M,,I" RW~*~optd~~ i9ik hi. 40. NO.-I. pp. 1 ... 16.17 and 24-28.and Docember 1974. Vol. 40 No. 2. pp. 5660 for an aIticle enatled Bulldlng a Moun. taln Road".

70 MAIN ROADS, SEPTEMBER 1981

Four lane construction from Bridge Street, Blaxland has been completed for almost 1 krn west of the toum. Conshuc- tion of an eastbound passing lane from Warrimoo to the end of this work has re- cently been completed. Impmments for pedestrians mssing the highway and for turning traffic at Faulconbridge have been commenced and will be completed as soon as adjust- ments to public utilities-induding the re- location of several water mains-are completed. In addition to the provision of various lengths of eastbound and westbound passing lanes between Lawson and the foot of Bodington Hill, a four lane 1 km length has been constructed from the top of Bodington Hill towards Wentworth Falls. Work on the approaches to the widened bridge at Medlow Bath is awaiting fi~l surfacing, pending investigations into the possibility of improved whicular access to the northern side of Medlow Bath. Further vest, the Department has ac- cepted tenders for the conshuction of dual bridges over Fanners Creek, im- mediately west of Lithgow and for a .. bridge mer Meadow Flat Creek, 30 km west of Lithgow. In addition,a wide variety of maintenance jobs and resurfacing works are being carried out on the Great Western High- way in this region. These works will further improve travelling conditions and will make the crossing of the mountains a far cry from the standard of Cox’s first mountain road

72 MAIN ROADS, SEPTEMBER 1981 A NEW PAVEMENT FOR SYDNEY HARBOUR BRIDGE

During October 1980, the Sydney Har- bour Bridge deck and direct approaches undenwnt major resurfacing work, the second Occasion in the bridge’s life when such work was undertaken. Major resurfacing work was also under- taken in 1964 (Main Roads, September 1964, Vol. 30, No. 1, pp. 2-51, At that stage the deck pavement consisted of a lightweight concrete base, a layer of natu- ral rock asphalt (which formed part of the original pavement) and a wearing surface of bituminous asphalt. The choice was then either that an ad- ditional thin surface layer be provided, or that the old surface be removed and re- placed vith plant mix bituminous asphalt. After test coring and material analysis and the observation that water seepage had occurred through the upper layers of the pavement, it was decided to remove the pavement and to reconstruct the sur- face to the original level. The method of heating and stripping was adopted in 1964 in preference to the use of pneumatic tools due to the traffic prob- lems involved in the latter. The work took about four weeks to complete. About 3170 tonnes of material were removed from the pavement and 1970 tonnes of asphaltic concrete surface course were applied.

Besdaciog a priority Sideways force coefficient of friction Routine Investigation Machine (SCRIM) tests carried out in early 1980 on the bridge and its approaches shoupd that the then existing asphaltic concrete pave- ment was nearing the end of its effective life. At that stage there had also been proposals for the installation of “landing lights” and movable medians in the deck of the bridge and its approaches for con- hul of “tidal” traffic flow. In order that no

MAIN ROADS, SEPTEMBER 1981 Operations wre planned so that the De- partment's pavement profiler and the paver worked in different areas, in order to minimise conflict. Programming was done on the basis that the Rotomill gang and paving gang would follow each other, the latter paving the area milled the pre- vious night. However, due to the rel- atively lower production of the Rotomill. the paving gang was assigned also to other jobs in nearby suburbs.

Tba men for the job The Rotomill work was carried out by a 4 man crew from Central Asphalt Depot comprised of 2 Rotomill operators, a float driver and water truck driver, along with a maintenance gang and road sweeper from North Metropolitan Works Office.This gang provided the third oper- ator for the machine, general assistance including cleaning up after the Rotomill, trafficcontrol where required and the dig- ging out of any metal objects from the pavement which might have damaged the Rotomill. Paving work was carried out by the Metropolitan Division's paving gang based at Rockdale, and assisted by a gang from Gore Hill. They again helped damage be done to either lights or me- by providing general assistance. They Mlnorrnalntmcmnceuorkhhg cmrlcdout on the R~~~~~~~ payernent pmlirlns dians, it was decided that the deck should also cut out any of the existing pavement durins mswfOcins of the s,.inev bo^^ be resurfaced prior to their installation. that the Rotomill could not remove, such as those areas adjacent to expansion B~se~'nthefaylmundbmautomatk'lepDiscussions amongst officers of the De- dllns &Ice. joints, where ramps had to be left for use partment were held to determine the by traffic during the day. timing of the work, the extent of prep aration and programmes for traffic man- During the night traffic was restricted to agement. In order to allow time for two lanes in each direction. The appropri- extensive maintenance work to be ate traffic arrangements were implemen- carried out on expansion joints, the start- ted by the tow truck operators from ing date for the resurfacing work was set Sydney Harbour Bridge Traffic Office. Fhl touchhot thcnnoplcutlc llnnnarlr- at 12 October 1980. Traffic management prwed to be satis- lng rnaMal Is applkd to the new arrface. factoy, although some delays to traffic Because of restrictions on the bridge's occurred at around 11 p.m. dead load limit, it was obvious that the existing surface would have to be re- The Rotomill removed an average 247.7 t moved. Heating, burning and ripping pernight,witha maximumquantityof410 t away the old surface is unpleasant, slow in one night and a total of 4 211 t for the and noisy work. Expensive re-grading entire work. An average of 279.6 t of and compaction of the disturbed base is asphaltic concrete was laid per night, with also needed before resurfacing. a maximum of 336 t in one night. A total of 3 574 t of asphaltic concrete was laid, together with 61 t of tar mix. The woA was completed in just over four weeks.. Cold-milling a preference A faster, cleaner and more efficient way to remove the existing material is to cold- mill the old surface to a textured but level surface fit for refinishing. Traffic volumes using the bridge are high Footnote: An article on the Department's at more than 150,oOO vehicles per day. SCRIM appeared in Main Roads, June This meant that work was set for night- 1978 (Vol. 43, No. 4. pp. 98-101).An art- time when volumes were lowest. The cle on the Depariment's Rotomill paw- nights of Sunday to Thursdaywre set as ment profiler appeared in Main Roads, the working week, as Friday and Saturday September 1978 (Vol. 44. No. 1, pp. 7-9, night's traffic volumes would be too high. 16-17),

74 MAIN ROADS, SEPTEMBER 1981 Onr new Minister MINISTERIAL CHANGES: The Hon. Paul Whelan, LL.B., M.P., was appointed Minister for Consumer Affairs FAREWELLS AND INTRODUCTIONS and Minister for Roads in conjunction with the fowseventh Parliament of New South Wales. Bom in December 1943, Mr. Whelan was The retimment from Parliament of the Hon. H. F. densen and tbe re- mised in the Sydney suburb of Ashbuy, alloution of Miaisterial Portfolios following tbe recent State Elec- &aenCanterbuy and Ashfield. H~ at. tions have resulted in a change in tbe Department’s Ministerial tended De La %\le College at Ashfield Head. and subsequently Sydney University &re he graduated in law. After a short In an article in June 1981 Main Roads last ceremony at which Mr. Jensen offici- period with a Sydney legal firm he prac- Journal entitled “Welcome Addition at ated. tised as a solicitor in Ashfield for nine Walgett-New Crossing of Namoi” (pp. Perhaps there is no more succinct way of years. 5053).the Hon. H. F. Jensen, then Minis- recording our appreciation than by In 1970 Mr. Whelan was elected as an ter for Roads and Minister for Local Gov- quoting the then Acting Commissioner’s alderman on Ashfield Municipal Council. ernment was quoted as speaking warmly statement from the 1980-81Annual Re He became Mayor in 1972. at which time of the countypeople because of “the im- port. Mr. Loder there stated “I wish to he was the youngest Mayor in Australia. mediate friendship and goodwill” which record our gratitude to the Hon. H. E He held this office until 1976, when he emanated from them. Jensen, M.P. who was our Minister from contested and won the State seat of Ash- October 1978 until his retirement when field, which he retained at the recent elec- His comments about the county people the new Government was elected in Sep tion, and in which he, his wife Colleen and also apply directly to himself. Mr. Jensen tember this year. their family now live. is a person with great concern for others. He has never forgotten the less fortunate “He was always deeply involved in ad- The Depdrtment looks forward to work- nor has he avoided any opportunity to wncing the work of the Department and ing with Mr. Whelan in a close and pro- help them. In addition, his impetus to the conditions of its workforce . . . ductive relationship.. seek higher office appears to have been “We wish Mr. Jensen and his wife a very orientated more to the benefit of others long, healthy and happy retirement than to have been based on expectation together.” of personal gain. The abovementioned An article recordina MI Jensen;i aooointment an- Bdow: (left)Mr. H. F. d-, and friaht) the bridge opening was therefore a sad oc- pored in Main Roads, Decernber’i978, Vol. &. Hon. Pml Whelan. U.B..M.P. casion for the Department as it was the No. 2. pp. 55 “Disabled persons are entitled to the measures designed to enable them to become as self-reliant as possible.” “Disabled persons are entitled to have their special needs taken into consideration at all stages of economic and social planning.”

The 1975 Declaration of the Rights of the handicapped-since lack of access is Sense and safety Disabled, proclaimed in the United often the greatest barrier. Kerbs, however, are not the only prob- Nations, contains the above hvo state- However, probably the most widely sig- lems at pedestrian crossings. For other ments which seem to haw particular rel- nificant contributions made by the De- disabled persons-the visually handi- evance for an organisation such as the partment relate to Signalised pedesttian capped-the difficulty is not one of access Department. crossings. but of identification . . . is it, or is it not. In common with other Government de- safe to cross? partments and authorities. the Depart- One small step. . . Responding to the needs of pedestrians ment of Main Roads is concerned, in this Pedestrian crossings can pose severe with severely impaired sight, the Depart- International Year of Disabled Persons, problems for disabled people, particu- ment (in association with L. Challis and to show its awareness of the needs of the larly for those in wheelchairs.It is hard for Associates Pty Ltd) has, over the last few handicapped and to make relevant and the abhbodied to appreciate what a years, developed and tested an audio- positive contributions to their welfare. huge obstacle a kerb is to someone in a tactile aid that has been hailed as a mile self-propelledchair. It is quite impossible stone in the path towards improved to negotiate without help. And even with facilities for the visually handicapped. assistance, a kerb can be hard to handle. (See previous article in Main Roads Vol. Promoting awareness City and Municipal Councils are now 43, No. 2, pp. 42.43.) As part of a programme of encouraging making considerable efforts to provide The device consists of a modified ped- awareness of IYDP among Departmental kerb ramps at major intersections, en- estrian push-button box fitted to the nor- personnel, staff publications have carried couraged by financial assistance from the mal traffic signal column (and always articles describing the role of NADOW N.S.W. State Government (under a placed at right angles to the roadway as (National Association for Training the scheme to assist Councils with projects a directional clue). The box emits a slow Disabled in Office Work) and promoting having lasting benefit for disabled per. steady ‘beep’ as a locating signal. When the work of TAD (Technical Aid to the sons). the WALK signal appears (after the but- Disabled). Films dealing with various For its part, the Department is now ton is pressed) the sound changes to a forms and aspects of disability have been making sure that, wherever relevant, new much faster and louder note. In order to shown during lunch breaks and guest traffic signal construction projects incor- aid users with both visual and hearing speakers have attended to give further porate kerb ramps as a matterof course. handicaps, the huo sounds are accom- insights and answer questions. Ramps are also being intrcduced when panied by appropriate rates of vibration The Department is also trying to improve existing signal sites undergo reconstruc- in the box, easily felt and distinguishable accessibility to all its premises for dis- tion. The work (usually carried out by through the sense of touch. abled people and thus open the way to local Council labour) is paid for from the An unusual feature of the device is its wider employment opportunities for the Deparlment’s Traffic Facilities Fund. automatic volume control. An in-built

76 MAIN ROADS, SEPTEMBER 1981 daan Hmz hject OdEeCr at the htanoHorwl Yrm of the D*ablal sccrctortd udts to cnm a sll.v h~temecikmIY(C INA WORLD her Sydney ofice. Rap. like these mlopky dom to mod Mfcle~laul, rn mfewal by whdchak- a OF BUSY PEOPLE slight lip khwn, rood and ramp con eoyy rfi&dtka thedisabledcunnot relyon assistance A student ot the Deaf ad Blhd ChMrrn'. Ceatre d Wau from others. Measures such as kerb mmps Rock. IUW an adlo-lactik pedestrh -1 near tlw Chtm Thcpurhkraon box (1) mlt. adow. wbhg. bcatht~dsml adaudio-tactilepush-buttons at which chasa to ofaster adbuder note faamJunct&a alu pedestrian croaoings help some in their the WALK Wal.By keeping a hmd on the box (2). a ped- &an who is both bHnd and deofcan Identtfythe~by Mt for independence. aensfngtheofeompan#ng~/bmtbns,adcmuthemaih safe.

I- a very simple modification to equipment that can be of enormous benefit to an in- dividual. Such was the case recently in the Sydney suburb of Pennant Hills. A pedestrian-activated Signalised crossing there is used each day by an 8 year old boy who has a maximum reach of only one metre-too low to operate the usual wsh-button. Although quite able to iegotiate the crossing unaided, the boy was dependent on other pedestrians to activate the WALK signal for him. In their absence, he could be stranded on the kerb for long periods. Through the efforts of Departmental road design draftsman, MI Rod Simpson. who is also a member of TAD (Technical Aid for the Disabled), traffic signal tech- nicians were authorised to install a sec ond push-button on the signal column. below the one metre level. This easy and inexpensive procedure has made a world of difference to one young boy and his family. AV

Recycling signals Traffic signal equipment does, from time to time, become obsolete. In several instances, such equipment has been put to good use in the grounds of special schools or homes for the disabled. where it can serve both to control visiting ve- hicles and to educate the handicapped. especially children, in road safety p'o' cedures. A recent example of this worthwhile "recycling" was the installation (by De- partmental technicians working in their own time) at the Deaf and Blind Chil- dren's Centre at North Rocks. The sig- nals form part of a new mobility track (financed by Carlingford-Dundas Lions Club) which also incorporates different types of paths, fencing. gates and steps. as well as many other features of a nor- and on whether the necessary cabling is mal outdoor environment. Blind multi- available at the site. However, it is hoped handicapped children use the track to to cany out the installation programme learn about the variety of surfaces, ob- as rapidly as funds will permit. stacles and hazards they will encounter in microphone responds to the level of Prioritv will first of all be qiven to sites everyday life. background noise and adjusts the known- to be regularly useb by visually strength of the signal accordingly. In nor- handicapped pedestrians. The second mal traffic conditions, a blind pedestrian group of signals for modification are Results can locate the sound signal from a dis- those at busy pedestrian crossings in the The naming of 1981 as international tance of about eight metres. Sydney Central Business District and at year of Disabled personshas to Trials have been successfully completed =kted urban shopping centres, Particu- focus anention on the special needs of at seven sites in the Sydney Metropolitan lady outside railway stations. the handicapped. One fact seems to Area and it is now planned to go ahead It has also been decided that all future stand out above all others: disabled with the installation of audio-tactile de signal construction and reconstruction people want. not sympathy. but self. vices at approximately 100 traffic signal projects will incorporate the necessaly reliance-the chance to lead their own locations throughout the State over the cabling for audio-tactile devices. lives. next few years. The Department hopes that the Each unit costs around $300 per post to Within reach measures described above will go some buy. Installation costs vary considerably. Ramps and audio-tactile devices should of the way towards helping many dis- depending on whether the existing sig benefit hundreds of disabled people. Oc abled men. women and children achieve nals already have a push-button control. casionally. however, it is possible to make that sought-after independence.0

78 MAIN ROADS, SEPTEMBER 1981 in the WOLLONGONG~ON

This by-pass of Shellharbour Shopplns Summary of transport csltn am Mob, Rood No. 522 hM sWu# facilitated tmffic mocement thmush the improvement programme (IICO. A major study of transport problems and without a car. Owr --thirds of weekday connection between the Southem Free requirements in the Wollongong region trips in Wollongong are made by private way and Springhill Road, which together completed last year, was commissioned car compared with less than 10% by with Port Kembla Road provides access and managed by the Transport Strategy public transport. to the Coal Loader, little use has been Advisory Committee ITRANSAC). It was made of designated truck routes in the Development of the road system has, by solution of problems arising from heavy Group, in co-operationthe state with the TRAN-Study and large, kept pace with the growth of trucks and congestion. the region and serious traffic problems ''Iawarra Committee and have been rectified relatively quickly. 1-1 representatives. The study sought works required are the Over 90 per cent of all public transport to %hatmight be done about travel in the area is provided by private pletion of the F6 freeway to Yallah, com- bus operators. With the exception of ser- current and future problems with respect pletion of the F8 northem distributor to to roads, traffic and public transport in vices to the industrial area, virtually all Rothely Road or Bellambi Lane, corn- the Wollongong area. The area studied bus sewices are oriented to the CBD or pletionof on Lake Entrance Road, included the City of Wollongong, the Mu- fringe of the CBD. At present, there are the provisionof a bypass around Kiama no crossregional services. nicipality of Shellharbour and the urban town centre and the removal of a number areas of Kiama Municipality, excluding of level crossings. The findings indicate that with few excep Gerringong and Gerroa. tions, roads are generally adequate in the Based largely on the study findings, Special attention was paid to the move- Wollongong region. The few exceptions TRANSAC prepared a Strategy from ment of large motor vehicles (particulalJy relate to the need to complete the north- which a ~~~~~~~fiImprovement pro- those carrying coal) in environmentally south system, to by-pass the Kiama town- sensitive areas such as the CBD. gramme has been developed. ship and to eliminate certain level With respect to roads, the study con- In relation to traffic management, con- crossings. Additional improvements to finned that Wollongong is a car-oriented siderable progress has been achieved traffic flow and safety can probably be city. This is because its growth has oc- with improvement programmes devel- achieved through traffic management curred mainly since World War II in the oped to assist the smooth flow of traffic measures. The issue of coal transport will form of lowdensity suburbs, with the through the Wollongong area. These continue to need close attention and is population relying principally on private programmes include co-ordination of undergoing detailed examination by the cars to meet its transport needs. Car traffic signals and the introduction of a Government. The major transport- ownership is 12% higher in Wollongong priority road system on major routes. related problems that emerged from the than in Sydney and fewer households are With the exception of the Masters Road study concern public transport within the

MAIN ROADS, SEPTEMBER 1981 79 Current and Roposed Works Completed Works Freawayr - Roposad Freeways - I I

SCALE OF KILOMETRES 0 1 4 , .~-L~,

Scarborough

SOUTH Y "I-

qkm region. From separate considerations interurban rail transport has also been identified as an issue of importance. For the road system, the strategy of the study is to: s Develop as soon as practicable a high quality (but not necessarily freeway standard) north-south road system through the north Wollongong area to take traffic off the Princes Highway and relieve overloaded and environ- mentally sensitive north-south roads near the coast; Give high priority to the development of traffic management approaches de- signed to minimise the intrusion of heavy trucks into the environmentally sensitive areas. To give effect to the strategy, a Transport Improvement Programme has been for- mulated comprising a wide range of in- itiatives. In summary, the Transport Improvement Programme involves the following with respect to mad irnprow- ments, traffic management and truck Prepamtoy work for the first stage of construction towards Towadgi Road has The recently opened Konahooko Rood- safety. nctlon already commenced with the replace- FwhRoad of the F6--southarn F-. ment of the Flinders Street railway ROAD IMPROVEMENTS overbridge at North Wollongong (esti- Southern Suburbs For the past decade, an intensive road mated cost $2.9 million). An Overbridge improvement programme has been is being investigated at Elliots Road to 5. Main Road No. 611-Lake Entrance carried out in the Wollongong area. With extend across the railway line and the F8, Road the completion of the Southern Freeway thus eliminating the level crossing at that Construction has commenced to provide to Yallah and the Northem Suburbs Dis- location. six lanes from Shellharbour Road, War- tributor to Rothey Road or Bellambi The second stage is planned to extend illa to Government Road, Oak Flats. Esti- Lane. during the next decade, the major to Rothey Road. The Department of mated cost of this work is $86o.OOO. elements of the Department of Main Main Roads, hourever, is examining the Roads works programme will have been possibility of extending this work to Bel- MinramEura-lUama completed. lambi Lane, Bellambi. This would greatly 6. State Highway No. 1-Princes Highway reduce problems with the Bellambi Lane In the last four years, the Government Improvements are being made to the has spent $57 million on improvements level crossing and congestion on the Pioneer Road link to Squires Way. Corn- alignment on a 4 km length of road south to the Wollongong main mads system. of Kiama at an estimated cost of $6.26 pletion of the distributor to Rothey Road All areas of the Wollongong Region have million. benefited, or will benefit from the road will cost an estimated $24 million. 7. State Highway No. 1-Princes Highway improvement programme as detailed central Area A deviation is being investigated at below. The map on page 80 show the 2. Main Road No. 581-Springhill Road precise location of works. The roadworks Kiama of approximately 4.2 km in length shown complement those undertaken by Work has commenced on a second car- (including bridges over Main Road No. the Wollongong City Council and the riageway between Swan Street and Keira 264. Bland Street and Saddleback Moun- Municipalities of Shellharbour and Street, including a bridge over the main tain Road). If constructed this dll provide Kiama. southem drain. Estimated cost of this a bypass for the Kiama township at an work is $630,OOO. estimated cost of $6.75 million. C-at and proposed works 3. Main Road No. 295-Five Islands (costs am in 1981/82 valaes) Road South-Western Suburbs 8. F6-Southern Freeway Nortbem Suburbs Work has commenced on providing a div- Construction has been completed be- 1. Northern Suburbs Distributor ided carriageway on the deviation be- tween the Princes Highway and the tween Mount Ousley Road and Fowlers Problems with congestion and the move- Southem Freeway including a new rail- Road at an approximate cost of $69 ment of coal trucks through'shopping way overbridge and a bridge Over Allens million. Work is continuing southwards centres in the northern suburbs could be Creek. Estimated cost of this work is $2.4 and is expected to be completed to alleviated by the construction of the million. Yallah by the end of 1984 with a further Northern Suburbs Distributor. This mad expenditure of $6 million. will eventually extend as far as York 4. State Highway No. 1-Princes Highway 9. State Highway No. 25-Illaumm High- Street, Russell Vale and allow through Construction has commenced to provide traffic to bypass some of the shopping four lanes between The Avenue and Five WY centres along the Princes Highway. It will Islands Road, including a new bridge at Plans to improve the existing mad are help alleviate problems associated with American Creek. Estimated cost of this being examined concurrentlywith investi- traffic delays at level crossings. work is $2.8 million. gations of alternative routes. However,

82 MAIN ROADS, SEPTEMBER 1981 no new construction is likely to occur J. Main Road No. 568-Springhill Road routes, and cater for the needs of ped- within the next few years. estrians, especially schoolchildren. in The southbound carriageway has been busy roads in areas of high Recent completion of the F5-South- widened from hvo to three lanes from pedestrian activity, Western Freeway between Campbell. Masters Road to Allens Creek at a cost town and Yanderra. coupled with the of $305,000. TRUCK SAFE= upgrading of Mt. Ousley Road, have pro- K Main Road No. 613-Northcliffe Drive vided an alternative route for heavy Following a number of fatal accidents on trucks to the Southern Tablelands. This road has been reconstructed from Mt. Ousley Road and Bulli Pass, the King Street (Main Road No. 522). Warra- Gowmment implemented a number of Completed works wong, to Lake Heights Road, Lake special safety measures. These included Heights, at a cost of $687,000. the establishment of a Mobile Inspection Northern Suburbs L. Main Road No. 522-Windang Road Division within the Department of Motor A. F6-Southem Tollway The northbound carriageway has been The F6 Tollway from Waterfall to Bulli reconstucted from Wattle Avenue to Initiatives designed to improve road Pass has been completed at an approxi- Primbee Deviation at a cost of $391,000. safety in the Wollongong Region follow. mate cost of $68.5 million. The Motor Traffic Regulations have B. Trunk Road No. 95 and Main Road Southern Suburbs been amended to provide for special No. 513-Mount Ousley Road truck lanes and reduced speed limits M. Main Road No. 522-Windang Road- for trucks over specified sections of Mount Ousley Road has been widened to Shellharbour Road road. Trucks are also required to en- provide four lanes behveen the F6 at This road has been widened generally to gage and stay in low gear where indi- Guynneville and the top of Bulli Pass. six lanes with sheltered right-turn bays in cated by signs. Special safety facilities including slow the median. Local amenity in the Shell- speed lanes for trucks have been pro- A truck speed limit of 40 km/h, signs harbour area has been substantially im- declaring ‘Trucks Must Use Low Gear’ vided on steep grades. This work cost ap- proved by completion of a bypass route proximately $18 million. and a truck lane have been introduced around the Shellharbour shopping on Mt. Ousley. A truck speed limit of C. State Highway No. 1-Princes High- centre. 20 km/h and similar signs have been MY N. Main Road No. 611-Lake Entrance introduced on Bulli Pass. Reconstruction and widening on Bulli Road Concrete median barriers have been Pass has been provided and the forma- Upgrading has been carried out between provided at Mt. Pleasant on Mt. tion width restored at an approximate the Princes Highway at Oak Flats and Ousley Road to separate opposing cost of $1.2 million. Shellharbour Road at Warilla, leading to traffic flows. substantial improvement in traffic con- D. Trunk Road No. 95-Wilton Road Special attention has been given to ditions. signposting on both Mt. Ousley Road This road has been widened along vari- and Bulli Pass. ous sections between Mount Ousley 0 Roadworks to provide a widened car- Road and Wilton at a cost of approxi- TRAFFICMANAGEMENT mately $2.45 million. riageway from the top of the escarp An extensive traffic management pro- ment to the foot of Mt. Ousley have gramme has been initiated in Wollon- been completed. Where possible on central Anr gong to facilitate the smooth flow of the steepest grades, each camageway E. Main Road No. 602-Masters Road traffic through the road system in both has been marked for three lanes to peak and off.peak times and to improve provide a special slow speed lane for A new connection has been constructed the level of safely for road users. Three trucks. between the Southern Freeway and specific traffic management projects Springhill Road. This entailed provision 0 are proceeding into the being undertaken follow. provision of gravel arrestor beds for of a new rail overbridge and approaches Firstly, a mfic signals co-ordination at a cost of approximately $1.54 million. out.of.contro~trucks, controlled programme to facilitate smooth traffic testing of Mrious types of This connection will enable coal trucks flows. Thus far, 28 signal Sites have bound for the Port Kembla Coal Loader under simulated out-of-controlcon. to avoid the streets of Wollongong. been co-ordinated in the Wollongong ditions will be undertaken to assist in region and more will be incolporated making the best decision on E State Highway No. 1-Princes High- in the co-ordination system over the this WY next three years. 0 Up to Januay 1981,1300trucks had This road has been reconstructed and scondh by the appropriate use Of been inspeaed by the Depament of widened from Fairy Creek to Station “Give Way” signPosting. a priority Motor T~~~~~~ in the w~~~~~~~~ Street at a cost of $1.12 million. road has been introduced On area. The inspections have led to a G. State Highway No. 1-Princes High- major roads. This programme will be substantial in the main. extended progressiveb to the more WY tenance of heay trucks in wollon. important non-classified roads. In this gong, A number of fleets have been Side strips have been provided from way, a road hierarchy will be devel- inspe.&d twice and marked improve. Flagstaff Road to Orange Grove Road, oped that pernit safer and easier Unanderra at a cost of $295,000. merits noted in the condition of the driving. trucks. Efforts to bring about further H. Main Road No. 186-Mt. Keira Road Thirdly, traffic signals will be installed improvements will continue through This road has been reconstructed from at key locations. This will be in order roadside checks, follow-up inspections Kembla Street to Mt. Keira Primary to improve safety at intersections. pro- of truck fleets and random inspections School at a cost of $%.oOO. vide improved accessibility to major of trucks operated by owner/driversO

MAlN ROADS, SEPTEMBER 1981 83 Heading town4 Kings Cross Tunne:

84 MAIN ROADS. SEPTFMRFR 1981 Reproduced by prmirrion of John Fairfax & Sons LM Sunday, 9 August 1981 was a day with a past Rushcutters Bay, Double Bay, Rose the Police Department, the Traffic Auth- difference in certain Sydney and eastem Bay and to join Old South ority, the Council of the City of Sydney, suburbs streets. More than 25,000 Head Road (Main Road No. 339). and Woollahra and Waverley Municipal people of all ages, shapes and sizes set proceeds south via Militay Road through Councils and this Department. For a few out enthusiastically in the world's largest Dover Heights to finish in Campbell Par- brief hours, cars, buses and trucks give foot race-the annual "City to Surf' com- ade (Main Road No. 172). way to people as the runners surge along munity fun run from Pari Street (near The event is organised by the Sydney the city's streets, creating an amazing College Street) to Bondi Beach. newspaper The and. since the first spectacle for the thousands of on-lookers run in 1971, has attracted more and who turn out for this once-a-yearhappen- ing. The journey of 14 km took the fastest more entrants, including competitors runner exactly 40.08 minutes while the from all over Australia and from over- And runners aren't all you see: some walk less hurried competitors crossed the seas. But most are just afternoon and while others ride skate-boards, roller- finishing line after about 2Yz hours. The weekend joggers out to keep fit and skate, or even roll themselves along in route begins in William Street and pro- enjoy the fun of the run. Two lucky en- wheelchairs. A few bring their pet dogs ceeds through the Kings Cross road tun- trants whose names are draw from the on a leash or push their toddlers in prams nel. For the runners as well as for those first 10,OOO to finish are flown to San to catch the sun and the excitement. who prefer to drive, the tunnel has much Francisco to take part in the "Bay to Many organisations and Government de- reduced travelling time to the Eastem Breakers" run, a similar event in Sydney's partments enter a group of jogging en- Suburbs. The route continues along New sister city. thusiasts to get into the spirit of the day, South Head Road (Main Road No. 173) The race is held with the co-operation of such as the Army, pictured opposite. 0

MAIN ROADS, SEPTEMBER 1981 85 GETTING THROUGH.. .

Road Tunnels on New South Wales Main Roads

Tunnels may conjure in the mind images of daring prison escapes, smuggling, or perhaps scenes from Jules Verne’s “Journey to the Centre of the Earth. Yet tunnels regularly perform far wider uses and functions, from carrying pipelines of oil. gas or water, to providing mil and road access. The world‘s longest road tunnel, beneath the Swiss Alps at Goschen, is over 16 km long. Even at autobahn speeds, it takes more than nine minutes to traverse. Com- pared to this sample, none of our tunnels would give the subterranean traveller even a slight twinge of claustrophobia. E&-----4 Motorists in New South Wales need little reminder that there are, fortunatelH far fewer high mountainousareasinourState than in Europe. Consequently, there has been much less need for tunnels to be constructed. For a summary of the var- iety of road tunnels which are to be found in New South Wales, some brief notes follow. Thc “-” tMncl. Nt thmugh thb nwwd hllldde, Is on the old route of the Wombeyan Cave. Road Cloydlr Hbhway whlch. at thhpolnt, rumsdongslde the The Wombeyan Caves in the New South eoyd Rh. Wales southem highlands are thought to have been discovered by Rev. J. Hassall in 1842 or 1843, when he visited the dis- trict with his schoolmaster. Rev. Trough- ton (New Nation Magazine, June 1930. p.51). On Main Road No. 258. which leads to the caves, lies a tunnel which an

early report mentions ‘I.. . the road passes through a tunnel cut through the sandstone ridge, and runs under the shadow of weather-worn and precipitous rocks which tower overhead andform the southern escarpment of the range . . .” (Guide to Wombeyan Caws. 1906. 0. Trickett, p. 9.) According to the Department of Public Works’ Annual Reports, construction of the road began in 1890 and took more than ten years to complete. The one-lane 20m~longtunnel along the route was hewn by hand into a surprisingly smooth arch.

86 MAIN ROADS, SEFTEMBER 1981 "Sweeneys" on the old One of the stme. elllptkol HigbW8y dodud lneorpomted In the Between Dalmorton and Newton Boyd LitllsaoDg-Iog lohlch new on the old route of the Guydir Highway. ~~ko~m~~~,~ a &-long tunnel was built near an area knmlocally as "Sweeneys" Excavated through hard igneous rock, thls uork was conducted by the Department of Public Works under the supeMsion of Damd Hounson as engineer.in.charge Work commenced in 1866 with the pn- may aim of eliminating a circuitous path around a spur. This route was the major link benuen lams in rhe distnct and the markets at Grahon The Clarence and Richmond Examiner of 27 November 1866. reported. "The tender of Mr. H. P Wiseman for contract No. I at the Big Hill on the Neuiton Bod line road has been accepted by the Gou emment and the work will be proceeded I

wlrh forthwith " The same paper re. poned on 20 October 1868. "The tunnel at Sweeneys through bke trap. is bell ad-

wnced towards completion "

This section of the highway was in seMce until 9 December 1960. when a new route over Gibraltar Hange was opened from Grahon to loin with the old route near Mitchell. A hond-hewn runnel cut LhmughoridgraMoInRmd . Uthgow Zig-28s No. 258. The rmlc Idto The western railway line was constructed ~d~~~w,~o~~~. ... across the Blue Mountains under the -. ' . .t .I-. - .- -.. . charae of John Whitton. ensineer-in-chief - ~ - of tKe New South Wales-Government Railways. It was decided to incorporate a Zig-zag to descend the steep western escarpment of the Blue Mountains, into the Lithgow Valley. In its day, it was con- sidered one of the world's engineering marvels, involving some extremely heay rock cutting and having fine, tall stone vi- aducts with semi-circulararches. The zig- zag invoked 6 km of track, eight viaducts. four tunnels and 268 culverts. The verti- cal drop that the Zig-zag negotiates is 210m. The railway opened in 1869 and re- mained in use until 1910, when a new line was opened on an easier grade. The old route remained, and a road was adapted to the railway right-of-way,connecting it to the Lithgow-Bell road. This roadway was proclaimed as Tourist Road No. 4011 in 1962. The road terminated at a 70m tunnel which formed part of the orig- inal Zig-zag. The old railway route has again become a major tourist attraction Mth the intro duction of steam locomotives which pro- vide joyrides along part of the Zig-zag. (See also Main Roads, September 1967, Vol. 33, NO. 1, pp. 17-18.) 87 MAIN ROADS, SEPTEMBER 1981 Jenolan Caves Road Details of the discovely of Jenolan Caves are particularly sketchy, but it is generally thought that they were discovered in 1841 by James Whalen. Accompanied by two mounted police, Whalen encoun- tered the caves while his party was searching for the notorious McKewin (the spelling of his namevaries in early accounts). The tunnel through the Grand Arch was constructed in 1895-%,byvhich time the caves were already an established tourist resort. Constructed by the Department of Public Works, the tunnel has an arch span of 7m. a carriageway 4.5m wide, a length of 33m and is almost 3om high. From the Royal Australian Historical Society’s Journal and Proceedings, 1934 (Vol. 20, Pt. 1. p. 51) we read “In Decem- ber 1895, operations were begun for ex- ,+ tending the Mount Victoria Road through I the Grand Arch. The project for which f 1,500was granted, was entrusted to Mr. heemlv mMHw Brownrigg, Resident Engineer, Lithgow.” the olew from- benmth the The Journal of Legislative Council of Grand Arch at denolan New South Wales 18% (Vol. LV, Pt. 2, Coour. A large porilon of Appendix 11, mentions the tunnel in de- ~mckhadtobc dislodged from wlthln the ... tail. “. . . commencing at the ‘Turntable’, mh to allow for the con- the present terminus . . . of the Mount .buaimofthcmcld Victoria Road, the new road will follow the course of the existing bridletrack for a distance of 9 chains, which section will be 16 feet wide and fenced on the creek side. From this point, McEwan’s and Caw Creeks which form a junction here, will be spanned by a bridge, which, includ- ing approaches, will be over 80 feet in length, thus bringing the road to the mouth of the Grand Arch, eastern end. Thence the present track will befollowed fora distance ofabout250feetunderthe archway, beyond which, on account of the confined space, it will be necessary to follow the course of the creek for about 200 feet, the road being canied 3 feet above the bed of same by iron girders and buckled plates in the form of a long culvert. In order to obtain the necessary width on the latter section a considerable amount of overhanging rock will haw to be dislodged. “From this point . . . the road will rejoin the present track, and, emergingfrom the archway at the westem end, connect with as at present. It will also prove a great mountain crossing on Main Road No. the Oberon Road opposite the plan- boon to the district people.” 208, which was actually above the tunnel. tation. 150 feet beyond the culvert. The Hand-painted signs encouraged motor- natural features of the archway and sur- Coxs Gap ists to turn their headlights on before en- tering the single-lane tunnel. roundings will be interfered with as little An 800m-long tunnel was constructed as as possible, and it has been arranged to part of the original Sandy Hollow Railway In 1981 it was decided to close the tunnel carry out that portion of the work under line west of Munuellbrook. Built between to road traffic and to extend the railway the arch without the use of powder. 19% and 1939, this line was beset by line through to the Ulan colliexy, to sew When this work is completed visitors many difficulties and remained incorn- as a coal haulage route to Newcastle. from the mountains will be landed at the plete and abandoned until the late 1970s. The route above the tunnel was therefore accommodation house, and thus not put reconstructed by the Department of Main to the inconwnience of having to walk a The tunnel was soon to prove popular to Roads at a cost of approximately $2.5 quarter of a mile to and from the coach motorists as an alternative to an arduous million, involving 2.3 km of roadworks.

88 MAIN ROADS, SEPTEMBER 1981 A

Cmbill Expressway incorporates fanboosted ventilation case of traffic delays. This section was de- The length of roadway referred to as the signed by Sydney City Council with the Cahill Expressway comprises two linked aid of consultants. The Department sections. The first 1.1 km section is from examined plans and estimates and the southern end of the Sydney Harbour carried out regular inspections during Kings Cross Road Tunnel Bridge via the Circular Quay overhead construction. (See Main Roads, June roadway to Conservatorium Place. This This 275 m long tunnel was opened to 1962, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp. 98-107.) section was opened to traffic on 24 traffic on 15 December 1975. It prwides dual carriageways in separate tunnel March 1958, at a cost of $9 million. It was General Holmes Drive, M8scot designed and constructed by Sydney City cells, each 11.54 m wide and 4.9 m high. Council and the then Depament of Rail- This 375 m long twin tunnel cames Gen- Bridges at each end of the tunnel form ways. At the western end of this section eral Holmes Drive under the north-south portals and also carry cross-traffic over there is a short 160 m long tunnel leading runway of Sydney (Kingsford-Smith)Air- the through traffic in the tunnel. into a spiral ramp for northbound traffic port. The southbound camageway was in The tunnel was constructed by contract proceeding over the Bridge. (See Main use by July 1967. and the whole tunnel but the Department's own forces con- Roads, March 1958. Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. was opened to traffic in early 1%. structed the approaches and surface 76-83.) Special design consideration was given street adjustments. The cost of the tunnel to enable the tunnel to withstand the with approaches was approximately $8.2 The second section extends from Con loading of the massive 747 jet aircraft million. (For more details of the tunnel senmtorium Place to Sir John Young during take4 and landing. The tunnel see Main Roads, December 1975. Vol. Crescent, Woolloomooloo. This 950 m was built by Concrete Constructions Pty 41, No. 2, pp. 34.38.5667.)0 section opened to traffic on 1 March Ltd. undercontract to the thenCommon- Tenders for the lwsing of the oirrpce abow the 1962, at a cost of $7.8 million. The four- wealth Department of Works. (See cover tunnel how been invited by the Deporrment ft is propodthat theaccepted tender beforaprestige lane tunnel, 395 m long, extends under- photograph on Main Roods, September internotion01 sumdad hotel, redentid dewlop neath the Royal Botanical Gardens, and 1972. Vol. 38, No. 1.) men&conwntion. remil or enteminrnent cenm

MAiN ROADS, SEPTEMBER 1981 89 STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS AND PAYMENTS FOR THE YEAB ENDED 30 JUNE 1981 Counly d Cumbd8nd Fund

Receipts $ State Sources Motor vehicle registration weight tax and tax levy 47,205.405 Charges on heavy commercial vehicles lor maintenance 01 roads 4,691 Motor vehicle registration lee - allocation from the Road Transport and Traffic Fund Loans - from State General Loan Accwnt 10.000.000 - raised by the Commissioner under Semi-Government Loan Allocation 25.300.000 - from Department’s Reserve lor Loan Repayment 5,500,000 Road Tolls (Less Collection Costs) 6,559,467 Interest - On Sinking Fund Investments 2.511.926 - On Treasury Fund Balances 608.466 Contributions lor Specified Works - from Other Departments 492.935 - from Other Sources Contributions by Councils lor works carried out in conjunction with works on Main Roads 248.078 Rents from Properties Acquired lof Works (Less Collection and Maintenance Costs) 2,l 16.352 Natural Disasters - StatelCommonwealth Grant for Restoration Works Miscellaneous 726.765 Commonwealth Grants - National Roads - Arterial Roads - Urban 36.138.000 - Rural - Local Roads - Minor Traffic Engineering and Road Safety Improvemerats - Planning and Research Total R8c8ipta 137.4 12.085 Cash at Treasury as at 1 July 1980 6.855.413 Total Funds Avail8blo 144.267.498 Payments State Road System - Construction and Reconstruction 69.818.460 - Property Acquisitions (Less Proceeds of Sales) 16,775,296 - Maintenance and Minor Improvements 2 1.520.229 - Natural Disasters - Restoration Works 9.265 Local Roads - Construction and Maintenance 5,307 - Natural Disasters - Restoration Works Intersection Improvements. TrafficSignals, Signs and Road Marking - Construction and Reconstruction - Maintenance and Operations Land and Buildings - For Works Operations 1,200,066 - For Administration 17.064 Net Transactions 01 Operating and Suspense Accounts 3.010.718 General Administration 5.523.585 Research 1,797.579 Loan Charges - Reoavable Treasurv Advances - Interest 627.479 - Geneial Loan Account - Interest and Management Expenses 6,733,200 - Loans raised by the Commissioner - lriterest and Management Expenses 8,495,373 8Ub-TOt8l 135.533.621 Loan Repayments - Repayable Treasury Advances - Principal 249.782 - General Loan Account - Sinking Fund 873.300 - Loans raised by the Commissioner - Principal 2.290.405 Investments lor Loan Repayments lor Loans raised by Commissioner 5;164;300 Total P8ymontm :44.111,408 Net Transactions of Trust Accounts 3.574.230 Cr. Cash at Treasury as at 30 June 1981 3.730.320 144,267,498

B.N. L0d.r E.C. c0op.r ACTING COMMISSIONER FOR MAIN ROADS CHIEF ACCOUNTANT

90 MAlN ROADS. SEPTEMBER 1981 tnmc Sydney Country Comrnonwoalth F8cilitii Harbour Bridg. TOU Fund Fund (Not8 1) Accounts -1 $ S $ s 123.444.281 11,755,135 143,478.320 18.763 1,222.885 18,503,622 19.127.717 36.850.000 59.825.040 70.174.960 9.500.000 - 5,500 2,737.967 1.613.956 10,206.801 836.613 595.247 2,943,042 971,037 279.000 1.737.357 1.009.819 1.188.157 263,732 4.092.359 293.258 260,197 872.212 486.523 193,509 843;793 190.824 268.433 2.245.970 569.188 1.499.214 1,556,653 1.408.099

92,509,303 2.438.697 81,153,000 32.990.000 22.998.000 20.691.000 42.417.000 38.162.000 3.793.000 801.601 1.229.986 221.705.499 135,727,904 37.077.284 3.020.368 474.721.7 15 12.585.332 1.357.593 4.361.210 31.712.710 234,290,831 137,085,497 37.077.284 7,381.578 506.434.425

109.857.826 73.602.252 223.930.787 3.419.085 4,943,129 19,122.721 75,980.898 10.405,872 2.044.097 98,045.231 74.197 218.377

804.21 1 4 1.529.652 37.980.740 1,070.228 738.446

8.517.540 9,779,070 25.027.492 21,345.662 1.245.463 337.759 2.790.496 88,090 270,706 4,062.075 1,495.211 9,167,154 9.340.103 4.019.308 1.699.282 160.000 17,509.400 2.697.483 797,009 4.291.324

537.840 1205.830 3,706,800 620.000 8.851.500 16,311.769 524.578 *1;71D 15.524.134 229,196.066 135.297.222 37.077.284 3.548.675 I- 470,771,570 2 14,098 423.370 6 15,700 1.041.500 895,743 105,643 2.723.636

1~ 632 400 545.000 7sl.m.. 6.113.500.. 232.554.007 135.297.222 37,077.284 4.311.318 , -m 481,073,584

217.051Cr. ~ *ma*. 201.292 1.953.875 1.788.275 3.070.260 I wmm 25.159.549 234.290.831 137.085.497 37.077284 7.38 1.578 I mlma 506.434.425

The accounts 01 the Department of Main Roads have been audited In accordance with the provisions of the Audit Act. 1902 In my opinion. the above statement and the accompanying summary of loan liabilities. read In COnlunCtiOn with notes 1 to 6. is a true and fair statement 01 transactions on the Several Funds and Accounts of the balances remaining at the close of the year.

The Tranc Facilities Fund reflects only Department of Main Roads' transactions through the Fund on behalf 01 the Traffic Authority 01 New South Wales. J. ODonmIl SYDNEY.11 September 1981 AUDITOR-GENERAL OF NEW SOUTH WALES

MAIN ROADS, SEPTEMBER 1981 91 along the footway In oraer to enhance headstocks with wingwalls and curtain the overall appearance of the structure, walls are cast on top of the piles. polished asbestos fascia panels have suparmtractur been placed on both sides of the bridge. The superstructure consists of simply The bridge forms a aest vertical cum supported spans of prestressed reinfor- and provides a clearance of 8.5m abow ced concrete girders with an asphaltic Burin.. Mean High Water spring tides. Horizon concrete wearing course. Girders are Irn The girders are supported at the piers tal clearance between piers is about 36m. deep broad flange type, with a top flange and the abutments on elastomeric type width of 85Omm and a bottom flange bearings. These will accommodate maxi- Smbmctmm width of 97hm. mum vertical loads, rotational effects and Foundations at the piers and abutments longitudinal movements due to thermal consist of steel encased Im diameter re- Each girder is 27.76m long and weighs approximately 29 tonnes. The girders expansion and contraction and creep inforced concrete cast-in-place piles and shrinkage on concrete. founded on sandstone. The piles vay in were prestressed using twentyfour 15.2mmdiameter super-grade normal Transflex type deck joints will allow for all length from 16.2m to 18.6m and are anticipated longitudinal movements at socketted at least Im into weathered relaxation strands. Each strand was stressed to 192kN. the piers and abutments. rock. Bearing plates were cast in at each end There are six piles at each pier, raking at nhterhl. 1:8 and supporting a reinforced concrete of the girders. In order to allow for the high grades and the 3% twouay crossfall The approximate quantities of materials pilecap. l.mm deep. The lower edges of on the bridge, the orientation of these used in the construction of the bridge the pilecaps are just abow low tide level. bearing plates vaned for each span. were: Precast skirting units, which form the Steel casing for Im sides of the pilecaps and project 0.4m Each span consists of 11 girders, with re- diameter piles ...... 836m below them, were used to facilitate cast- inforced concrete infill between the top Concrete for piles, piers, ing of the pilecaps between tides. They flanges. The girders were transversely abutments and deck also conceal the tops of the piles at low stressed together after being placed in (20 MPa) ...... 1275m3 tide. position. Tendons for transverse stress- Concrete for cross girders ing, which consist of twelve 12.5mm The piers are of reinforced concrete (40 Wa)...... ICChn’ strands, were stressed to 14OOkN. and have single columns with can- Reinforcingsteel...... 155 tonnes tilevered headst&. The columns are The minimum thickness of the asphaltic Prestressej concrete 3.4m wide and valy in thickness behveen concrete wearing course is 50mm. This girders ...... 2570 tonnes 0.7m and 1.h.There are he piles at varies up to 140mm at some locations to The contract for the construction of the each abutment, two of which are raked at allow for the hog of the girders and the bridge was let to Transbridge Pty. Ltd. at 1:8 longitudinally Reinforced concrete vertical CUMof the bridge. a tender price of $1,527,981.00.0

92 MAIN ROADS, SEPTEMBER 1981 DEPARTMENT'S NEW MINI-PAVER

A recent addition to the Depart- ment's paving equipment is this Allott-SPSO mini-paver. The 546,000 unit, made in Britain, is podby a 27 kWHatz diesel. Only 3m long and 1.6m wide, the mini-paver is suitable for laying asphaltic concrete on narrow shoulders, footpaths and confined areas too small for conventional paving equipment. ?he mini-paw has automaticgrade and slope control and is capable of paving widths between 0.3m and 2.4m. It can be used in conjunction loith normal tipping trucks or deli- ay trucks equipped loith conveyors and side-discham chutes.

:::.,: . ,...:.. ' ~ , . .. . ~ ,- . . .,.: . . ,~ . -.I ., .. . ,: ., ', , : .I

' '* J

4 Tenders Accepted by the Department of Main Roads Thefollavingtenden(inexceMof520.000)~orroadandbrldgeunrr~wreacceptedforthethreemonthsended30June 1981. Road No. Work or Sewice Name of SuccesrfulTenderer Amount

F3-Sudnw-N-astle Shire of WLons. Construction of twin bridqe. over McPherron Road.88.8 km Geoffrey Stewart Constructions $406.071.00 north ois&q. Pty Lid Shire of Wng.Construction of substructures for hvin bridges over Deep Creek. Wrightson Contracting Pty Ltd $196,130.00 Freeway 89.4 km nonh of Sydney F3-Sydney-Nwastle Shire of Wng.Manufacture. delivey, unloading and stacking of precast WM Concrete Ptv Ltd $230.652.00 Freeway pretensioned concrete trough girders forhrnn bridgerapr WLons Road.90.3 km north of Sydney F3-SydneyNwastle Shire of Wng.Construction of piles and substructures for hvin bridges over Transbridge-Durion of $66611822.00 Freeway WngRiwr. 90.3 km north of Sydney Transfield (N.S.W.)PtyLtd F3-Sydney-Neucastle City of Gosford. Painting exterior of girders. lgnazio MondeUo $134.600.00 Freeway F4-Westem Freeway Municipalities of Concord and Sbathhld. Loading. transporting and erecting of ManContracting Pty Ltd $112.150.00 girderrforSpan 11 ofthe bridgeaprthonorthemraihvaylinoatNorth Strathfield. F4-Western Freeway Municipalities of Concord and Strathfield. Supply. installation. stressing and Prestressed Concrete (Aurt.1 $55.426.00 groutingoftranrverse tendonsinSpans l0.lland 12plurthefourthtendon Pty Ltd in 40 precast girders erected in place in tho superstructure for the bridge over tho nonhem ~aihvarat Nonh Strathfield F4-Western Freeway Mun~cpalnterof Concord and Srrathfield Construcnon 01 the superstructure for Transbridge-Durion of $1.385.849.00 Span l~ta91inclurwlolthebndgeovernonhDmraihvaylinoat Nonh Transfield (N.S.W.)Pty Ltd Sbathheid. F4-Western Freeway Municipalities of Concord and Strathfield. Construction of abutment 'p: AAM.M. Constructions Pty Ltd $21 1,447.00 Extenvonforbtidgeovernarthomrai~~ylineatNorthStmthfield. F4-Westem Freeway Municipalities ofConcord and Strathfield. Loading. transpoltlngand erecting of Man Contracting Pty Ltd $180.978.00 rdersforSpanr loand 12for bridgeaprnorthemraikvaylineatNorth &athfield. F4-Western Freway Municipality01Holroyd. Conrmclion of btidge on the on-loading rampapr AAM.M. Constructions Pty Ltd $350254.50 A'Becketts Creek at Hams Park. FSSouth Western City of Lwrpoo1,Construction (excludingpilerlol bridge over Georges River and Enpro Constructions Pty Ltd $2689.306.00 Freeway adjoining underpass at main routhem raihvayat &sub. StateHqhwayNo.2 HumeHighway.ShireolHolbmok.Supply,delNerandbyingupto 1300tof 10 Allen Bror.ArphaIts Ltd $84,490.00 mm asphaltic concrete at locationsvithin 2km of Holbrook. Stale Hghway No. 7 Mitchell Highway. City of Dubbo. Supply and laying of upto 450 t of asphaltic Bitupaw Ltd $28.666.00 concrete at intersectionvith Macquarie Street, Dubbo. State HighwayNo.9 NewEngbnd Hqhway. City of Maitbnd.Supplyandde~yo13MOm30f20 Quary Pmducts Pty Ltd $32.900.00 mm fine crushed rock to construction site between Mitchell Drive and Georqe- Street East Maitland State HighwayNo.9 NewEn bndHqhwa9 CityofMaitland Supplyand bynng3.700tol lOmm Bitupaw Ltd $171.125.00 arph%c concrele 23 51025 6km-n 01 N-ak at East Ma tbnd

New~~ Enabnd Hmhuvav CINof Maitland Suoolvand laum uo 104W t of lOmm Boral Road Surtaces Ply Ltd $W.W8.00 State Higtway No. ~ ~ ~ 9 ~,~,~~~_rI, -. don&&.ded&hallc concrete to recanrmcban work bewen Lochinvar andKaludahCreek. 13410 L4OkmwestolMaitbnd State HighwayNo.9 New Engbnd Hqhwab Shire 01 Slngleton Remap 5OOO m of fencing and erect C. G. Kellehear $22,940.00 7.1W-m of Ie6cingat approachor to hansCreokBndge State Hghway No. 9 NwEngbndHqhwa9 Supplyand bgng900tol10mmasphalbcconcreteat Ha&ns Asphalt Pty Ltd $49$00.00 ThreeSlnerrcbmbinobno 344 to353kmkmstofMailbnd State Highway No. 9 New Engbnd Highuray. Shire of Singleton. Suppiy and by up to 840 t of 10 mm Bltupaw Ltd $47.863.00 dense graded asphaltk concrete to consimc6on of climbing bne at Grasstree Hill. 812 to85.8kmwest of Maitbnd. state Hqhuay No. 9 New Engbnd Highway. Shire of Singleton. Supply and by up to 570 t of lhm BlNpaw Ltd $31572.00 dense aded arphaltk concrete to roconsimctbn work at intersection vhth Mituche~LtneRoad. State HwyNo. 9 New England Hwy.Shire of Smgloton. Supply and dekary of up to 6.000 m' LDsTmkler Earthmanng $22,800.00 olsub.base~ra~ltocUmbingbneatGrasstreeHill.37.0to39.0kmnotthof Singleton. State Highuray No. 9 New F,ngbnd Hhy.City of Mltknd. Sup& and by up to 930 t of 10 mm Boral Road Surfacer Ptv Ltd $49.755.00 dense graded arphaltk cowrete to reconsimcdonwork hom Lochmar to KaludahCreek12.2to 13AkmwnofMaiind. State Hqhway No. 9 New Engbnd Highuay. Shin of Muavellbmok. Supply and spray up to 80.000 I Polson &McKinley Pty Ltd $27.040.00 of Cl60 bitumen to construction work betwen Hebden Road and *stars Road. Grasstree HP.37 to39km north of Singleton. State Hqhway No. 9 New Engbnd Highway. Shires of Qurinndi & Murrurundi. Supphland laying of Bituww Ltd $20.606.60 arphalbc concreto at Quirindi Creek Bridge. Wallabadah and Kankool Weqhbridge. State Highway No. 9 New EngJand Highway Shire of Pany Construction of mrious types of concrete Mr. J. Zuwb 55om.50 dirheddrainrandd~erbetween24.8and27.6km notthofTamwonh- Moonbi Range construction. State Highway No. 10 PacificHlghway.ShireofWyong.Supply&delNeyafupto6,000m3ofupper D. & J. Constructions Pty Ltd w.340.00 basemat~~lforrealingandstrongtheningofshoulders. 106.3to 109.4km and 110.8to 113.8kmnorthofSydney. StateHighwayNo. 10 PacificHqhwayShireofWyong,Supply&bying1800toI IOmmarphahic Bauoaw Ltd $94,500.00 concreto to construction of nollhbound cania-y between Saliena Awnue and Uibeth Bay Road. 121.2to 123.9 km nonh of Sydney State Highway No. 10 Pacific Highway Municipality of Lake Macquarie. Supply and bying 900 t of 20 Hawkins Asphalt Pty Ltd $45,450.00 mm asphaltic concrete between Swansea Bridge and Soldiers Road, Pelican. State Highway No. 10 Pacific Highway. Municipality of Lake Macquarie. Supply and bying 900 t of 20 Boral Road Surfacer Ptv Ltd w.980.00 mm asphaltic concrete between Suansea Bridge and Soldiers Road, Pelican. State Highway No. 10 PacificHlghway.ShireofGreatLakes.Supplyanddelivenlof300m315mpa ready muled concrete to section behvoen Bacon'r Quary and Bangalow Bulahdelah Ready Mix $20,500.00 Creek. StateHighwayNo. 10 Pacific Highway. Municipality of Lake Macquarie. Extrusion 014.500 rn of S.H. & Seovlc Holdings Pty Ltd 1665.3(10.00 S.G. kerband unerfromNardrWharfRoad tanortholMineCampRoad. State Highway No. 10 Pacific Highway. Zhire of Wyongand Municipaliof Lake Macquarie. Supply and R. L. Scadden $25.000.00 delNeyof5.000m'of rhouldergrwel formaintenance in Wyong Shireand Lake Macquatie Municipality areas. State HighwayNo. 10 PacificHighway.ShireafWyong.Supphlanddoliveyaf5,000m3ofnatural D. & J. Constructions Pty Ltd $46.150.W grawItoHighwaybetween DoyalsonandChainValloyBay Road. 117510 124.3km north of Sydney. 94 MAIN ROADS, SEPTEMBER 1981 Tenders Accepted by the Department of Main Roads Thrfdbvinp lendrn (In excessof S2O.OOO) fordand bridprvarluvrar accepted for the thnr months endd30June 1981.

~~ Road No. Work orS&ce Name of Successful Tenderer Amount

State Hqhway No. 10 Pacific Highwdy.Various areas. Sup& and spraying 90,OOO I of C160 bitumen at Boral Road Surfacer 16w.oo8.00 various locations. Sate Highway No. 10 Pacific Highway. Shire of Manning. Manufacture and debmy of bridge bearings VSL Prestressing (AdLtd $36,764.00 and associated steel plater for bridge over Stnvarts hrat Johns Rir. State Highway No. 12 WirHighway, Shire of Boomi. Construction of Bullarah bridge ouer Goonal Mr. N. Del-Gotto $262.794.00 Creek,69.1kmwstofTarmuorth. State Highway No. 14 Sturt Highway. Shireof Kyeamba. Wideningof bridge overTaarcutlaCreekat Evako ConstmctionsW Ltd $212,12900 LwerTarcutta.39.5kmeast of Wagga Wagga. SateHighway No. 17 N-U HlghwayShireofTimbrebongie.Wideningofbridge over BundaraCreek G.&E.M.TinckneU $54.69850 at 36.7 km north of Peak HiU. Sate Highway No. 18 Castlereagh Highway. Shire of Gilgandra. Construction of bridge over Bridge & Chi1 Ply Ltd $933.70300 Castlereagh hrat Armawe. TmnkRoadNo.79 Shire of Muhuaree. Conslmction of Macroorn Bridge over Mukvaree River at John Holland (Constructions) $555880.00 Tamgo. 38.4 km south of Goulburn Ply Ltd MainRoadNo.208 Shireof Mu-Ubrook.Supplyandrpray165,0001ofC160 biturnenatCoxs GP. Polson and McKinley Pty Ltd $55595.00 MainRoadNa.208 Shireof Mu-Ubrook.Supplyanddeliwyofupto450m3of7rnmsealing G. Haddns and Sons $26,018.00 aggregateandupto 1,1Wrn30f20mmsealingag(aegateforreconrtruction Work at Coxs Gap. MainRoadNo.217 MunicipalityofLakeMacquarie.Supp~andde~yofupto500rn30f20mpa PioneerConcrete(N.S.W.)Pty $32500.00 ready mixed concrete to site of new bridge over main northern rathvay line at Ltd Mori-t. Main Road No. 309 City of Panamatta.Constructionafbridgeover A'BeckeasCreekinU-n Street, McGregorConstruction $247819.93 RosehiU. (AurtraliIPlyLtd

Tenders Accepted by Councils Thofollowinotendns- (in excessof$20.000)forroadandbrldaeuwr*.wreacco~tedforthethreomonthpended 3OOdune 1981. Council Road No. work or service Name of Successful Tenderer Amount

~ Bosan Trunk Road No. 57 Conmcnon of bndge 0101 Bogan Rmr Armstrong Constructions $485626.61 Cabonne Main Road No. 310 Extension and rndeniny of hndge BeluDuia Rmr Murray Constructions Ltd $119244.00 Roodchannel.Ot3km routholCanornndra Culcairn various Bnumen resealing of M~OLImnk and main roads Emoleum (Awl.) Ltd $52,414.94 Forbes Trunk Road No. 56 Conmucuonol bndgeowrGuoniga.Creek489 km Murray Constructions Ltd $158,963.00 nonnwn ofColna Gosford State Highway No. 10 Rerheenngof Mann Street (Pacihc ti.ynway1. Bituoave Ltd $217.000.00 and Main Road reconsmction and undenng of Masons Paraoe (Main No. 336 Road Nu 3361and reconstruction and wdeningol Victona Street (Ma." Road No 3361 Main Road No. 284 Bitumen sealing of recon~tructionworks on section hokum(Aurt.)Ltd $33,34438 bewen IOIO 143kmeartoflinle Billabong Various Supply, heat.haulandrprayC160 b.turnen onvanous hokum(Aust.1 Ltd $75,186.16 roadsunthm tne Shwarea TrunkRoadNo.94 Canstr~aion01 reinforced concrew box culwn at 1 I 3 km Herbert Bros. hit Trust $47.909.43 wn01 Denn1 qui" Main Road No. 387 Biturnenrealmy8210 109kmwstolAtd.etnan Emobum IAurt.) Ltd $22.965.55 Trunk Road No. 51 Pavement connruceon-3000m'D C B 20 ReadymixGroup (N.S.W.) K36.96c.w Trunk Road No. 51 Paramom construct~on-1850 t 01 arphahic concrete Allen Bros. Asphah Ltd $7s,.907.00 State Highway No. 9 Supplyandbyupto830tof20mmasphalticconcreteand Bitupave Ltd $72.631.00 upto52Otof IOmrnasphahicconcretefor pavement reconnrxt.on and rerneet.ng bewen44 4 and46 5 km nonhol Maitland ontne Now England Htghway Main Road No. 21 1 Asphaltic concrete surfacing and reconst~ctionof Bourke Pioneer Asphalts Ltd $213.476.80 Sneot. Wagga Wagga horn Fernleigh Road to Red Hill Road Trunk Road No. 78 Asphaltic concrete resheeting of the section of Fima~ice Pioneer Asphahr Ltd $26.619.20 Street from Gunuood Sweet to Crampton Street Trunk Road No. 94 Conrtruction of bndge wrMerran Creek I33 5 km wpst Nelmac Pty Ltd $151.759.90 of DenJ.qu,n

MAIN ROADS, SEPTEMBER 1981 95 1-11

L