Lessons Learned from Typhoon Morakot: the Compound Disaster
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Part 1-B Cause & Impact of Landfalling Tropical Cyclone
Part 1-b Cause & Impact of Landfalling Tropical Cyclone Rainfall & River Flooding • In addition to high winds & storm surge, all tropical storms can produce torrential rains causing massive flooding & trigger landslides and debris floods • Catastrophic flash flooding may occur as a result of intense rainfall over a relatively short duration. Longer duration storms, say a few days, can be equally devastating. 2 River flooding associated with heavy rainfall from tropical cyclones Flood stages & inundation maps • Rain-triggered flooding is not confined to coastal areas. The reach of a large tropical storm can cause flooding well inland, especially along the estuaries. • Beneficial contributions of tropical cyclones: rainfall for needed water supply in the region; and maintenance of global heat balance 5 Cases of landfalling of catastrophic tropical cyclones • Hurricane Andrew , August 24, 1993- Florida • Hurricane Allison , June 5-9, 2001- Houston and TX and LA coasts • Hurricane Katrina , Aug 29, 2005- New Orleans & LA and TX coasts • Hurricane Mitch , Oct 26- Nov 5, Honduras, Salvador, Nicaragua, and Guatemala • Typhoon Morakot , August 3-10, 2009, Taiwan • Typhoon Ketsana , Sept 23-30, 2009, Manila, Philippine , Vietnam & Cambodia 6 Hurricane Andrew (Aug24,1993) 7 Hurricane Andrew (Aug24,1993) Source: Report on Hurricane Andrew Storm Summary & Impacts on Florida Beaches, by USACE & Florida DNR, May 1993 Pressure zones, wind zones and storm surge contour 9 Surge at landfall & waves height Storm surges Wave Heights 10 Impact of gusts on homes 11 Impacts on beaches of Florida 12 Erosion and accretion of beach profiles 13 Hurricane Allison, June 5-9, 2001 * Hurricane Allison’s swath of rainfall – 25-50 cm or more rainfall in coastal TX & LA for nearly 6 days. -
Natural Disaster Hotspots
Japan Society of Civil Engineers 100th Anniversary Commemorative Ceremony – the 3rd RTM on Disaster Management November 19, 2014 Natural Characteristics of Taiwan Disasters Caused by Typhoon Morakot Reconstruction of Alishan Highway Rational Thoughts 2 1. Natural Characteristics of Taiwan Natural Disaster Risk According to the report by the World Bank (2005) 「Natural Disaster Hotspots – A Global Risk Analysis」 In Taiwan, 73.1% of Total Area and Population Exposed to Multiple Hazard Types of Hazard: Cyclones, Floods, Earthquakes, Landslides Taiwan 4 Typhoon and heavy rain Map of Typhoon routes, 1985~2005 Taiwan NASA 5 Typhoon and heavy rain Average Water Usage per Capita Geographical features and Average Annual Rainfall (mm/yr) (m3/per capita/yr) hydrological background in Taiwan Taiwan Philippines Japan India Uk Italy USA 5.4 times 2.5 times France China Canada Australia Saudi Arabia Average Slope of River Dajia River Zhuoshui River Danshui River EUR. Rhine Elevation Taiwan (m) Japan Shinanogawa USA Colorado River Tonegawa China Mekong River Distance (m) 6 Eurasian Eurasian Plate Plate Philippine Sea Plate Distribution of annual earthquakes 49928 49928 50000 地震次數No. of Earthquake地震次數 50000 1999 5年平均 5年平均Avg. of 5yrs Chichi EQ 40000 28808 數 40000 30000 28097 次 25449 19347 16074 24323 震 22093 No.of No.of EQ 21783 2880816977 數 地 20000 17961 18059 18379 15650 16244 16422 30000 14802 2809714981 次 4319 10000 25449 19347 16074 4933 24323 4682 5446 震 4518 22093 2017 21783 169770 地 20000 17961 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003180592004 2005 2006 2007183792008 15650 16244時 Year 間 16422 14802 14981 7 4319 10000 4933 4682 5446 4518 2017 0 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 時 間 Chichi Earthquake, 1999 Sept. -
The Impact of Tropical Cyclone Hayan in the Philippines: Contribution of Spatial Planning to Enhance Adaptation in the City of Tacloban
UNIVERSIDADE DE LISBOA FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS Faculdade de Ciências Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas Faculdade de Letras Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia Instituto de Ciências Sociais Instituto Superior de Agronomia Instituto Superior Técnico The impact of tropical cyclone Hayan in the Philippines: Contribution of spatial planning to enhance adaptation in the city of Tacloban Doutoramento em Alterações Climáticas e Políticas de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Especialidade em Ciências do Ambiente Carlos Tito Santos Tese orientada por: Professor Doutor Filipe Duarte Santos Professor Doutor João Ferrão Documento especialmente elaborado para a obtenção do grau de Doutor 2018 UNIVERSIDADE DE LISBOA FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS Faculdade de Ciências Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas Faculdade de Letras Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia Instituto de Ciências Sociais Instituto Superior de Agronomia Instituto Superior Técnico The impact of tropical cyclone Haiyan in the Philippines: Contribution of spatial planning to enhance adaptation in the city of Tacloban Doutoramento em Alterações Climáticas e Políticas de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Especialidade em Ciências do Ambiente Carlos Tito Santos Júri: Presidente: Doutor Rui Manuel dos Santos Malhó; Professor Catedrático Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa Vogais: Doutor Carlos Daniel Borges Coelho; Professor Auxiliar Departamento de Engenharia Civil da Universidade de Aveiro Doutor Vítor Manuel Marques Campos; Investigador Auxiliar Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil(LNEC) -
Report on the 2016 International Symposium on Disaster Prevention
Report on the 2016 International Symposium on Disaster Prevention and Reduction in Tainan, Taiwan: In Conjunction with the 10th Joint International Symposium on Disaster Risk Management An international workshop on disaster prevention and reduction was held on September 28, 2016 in Tainan, Taiwan. For the workshop, 10 speakers from Taiwan and Japan——recognized as natural disaster experts——were invited. Approximately 50 participants were attended during two sessions related to earthquake and water disasters despite the fact that the powerful Typhoon Megi had inflicted damage throughout Taiwan the day before. The aim of the workshop was to facilitate information exchange and dissemination activity for disaster prevention and reduction in the East Asia region (where natural disasters often occur). It was organized by the Tainan City Government (Mayor Ching-te Lai), National Cheng Kung University - Disaster Prevention Research Center in Taiwan, NCKU-DPRC, (Professor and Director Chjeng-lun Shieh), World Federation of Engineering Organizations - Committee on Disaster Risk Management, WFEO-CDRM, (Professor Emeritus and Chair Toshimitsu Komatsu), and Japan Federation of Engineering Societies, JFES, (Dr. Junichi Satoh, president). The workshop was also supported by the Japanese academic organizations: Architectural Institute of Japan (AIJ) and Japan Society of Civil Engineers (JSCE). The original program and venue were modified because of the typhoon’s impact (see the “Program” below). Opening remarks were given by Mr. Jun-yan Hou—Executive consultant for the Office of Disaster Management in the Tainan Fire Bureau—instead of the mayor of Tainan. Mr. Hou reported on recent events associated with natural disasters in Taiwan and addressed the importance of collaborations between Taiwan and Japan for disaster prevention. -
An Alternative Chronicle of Natural Disaster: Social Justice Journalism in Taiwan
International Journal of Communication 13(2019), 3321–3340 1932–8036/20190005 An Alternative Chronicle of Natural Disaster: Social Justice Journalism in Taiwan CHIAONING SU Oakland University, USA In 2009, Taiwan experienced a catastrophic natural disaster, Typhoon Morakot, which killed 700 people and caused $4.7 billion in economic losses. While mainstream media spent a month covering this event and focused only on the ravaged landscape, political tensions, and public sentiment, an alternative news platform, 88news, dedicated four years to investigating the disaster relief efforts of both the government and the NGOs, and their impact on the lives of indigenous victims. Focusing on the content of 88news and its production process, this article examines an alternative disaster story told by a group of independent journalists to make political interventions in times of crisis. It argues that disasters present not only a disruption of the normal social life, but also an intervention of mainstream news production and representation that opens an alternative space for marginal voices, both journalistically and ethnically, to question the dominant world view. Keywords: alternative journalism, indigenous culture, social justice, natural disaster, environmental refugees In the age of extreme weather, human suffering is on the rise as natural disasters increase in frequency and intensity. In 2009, Taiwan experienced a catastrophe of historic proportions when Typhoon Morakot pummeled the island on August 8. Over 48 hours, the storm dumped a record-breaking 2,777 mm of rain in Southern Taiwan, triggering major landslides, killing nearly 700 people, and causing more than $4.7 billion in economic losses (Ge, Li, Zhang, & Peng, 2010). -
TYPHOON MORAKOT As of 10 August, 2009
!\ !\ !\ !\ !\ TYPHOON MORAKOT As of 10 August, 2009 !( Tropical Storm Morakot was upgraded to a Typhoon on 5 Aug, Shanghai at 18hrs. It was then downgraded back to a Tropical Storm on Legend 7 Aug, at 18hrs. Hangzhou Source: GDACS !( !\! OCHA office or presence 10-Aug-09 !( Ningbo Jinhua !\ Country capital !( JAPAN !( Major town or city ZHEJIANG CHINA Morakot Storm Path TAIWAN PROVINCE OF CHINA Typhoon Morakot struck Taiwan on 7-8 August causing severe flooding Morokat (Projected) 12 dead 52 missing States/Provinces affected Fuzhou 9-Aug-09 "Tens of Thousands" affected in Pingtung, Tainan, Chiayi, and !( Hualien counties. by Heavy Rains, Flooding, The military has been deployed to distribute food and water to or Landslides affected communities. FUJIAN Taipei Source: AFP !( Affected Countries 8-Aug-09 HUALIAN Map Doc Name: CHIAYI M o r a k o t OCHA_ROAP-Sitmap_Morakot 7-Aug-09 5-Aug-09 4-Aug-09 TAINAN GLIDE Number: (China) TC-2009-000150-TWN 6-Aug-09 (Philippines) FF-2009-000152-PHL PINGTUNG Creation Date: 6 Aug 2009 Projection/Datum: Behrmann HANOI Web Resources: http://ochaonline.un.org/roap !\ Nominal Scale at A4 paper size: 3-Aug-09 1:13,000,000 CHINA The approach of Tropical Storm Morakot has so far killed 1 child and caused the evacuation of more than 970,000 people in 0 250 500 Zhejiang and Fujian provinces. In Zhejiang approximately 35,000 ships have been called back from the sea, as the authorities issue a red alert (the highest) Kilometers In Fujian a cargo ship lost control and was blown onto a reef. -
Understanding Disaster Risk ~ Lessons from 2009 Typhoon Morakot, Southern Taiwan
Understanding disaster risk ~ Lessons from 2009 Typhoon Morakot, Southern Taiwan Wen–Chi Lai, Chjeng-Lun Shieh Disaster Prevention Research Center, National Cheng-Kung University 1. Introduction 08/10 Rainfall 08/07 Rainfall started & stopped gradually typhoon speed decrease rapidly 08/06 Typhoon Warning for Inland 08/03 Typhoon 08/05 Typhoon Morakot warning for formed territorial sea 08/08 00:00 Heavy rainfall started 08/08 12:00 ~24:00 Rainfall center moved to south Taiwan, which triggered serious geo-hazards and floodings Data from “http://weather.unisys.com/” 1. Introduction There 4 days before the typhoon landing and forecasting as weakly one for norther Taiwan. Emergency headquarters all located in Taipei and few raining around the landing area. The induced strong rainfalls after typhoon leaving around southern Taiwan until Aug. 10. The damages out of experiences crush the operation system, made serious impacts. Path of the center of Typhoon Morakot 1. Introduction Largest precipitation was 2,884 mm Long duration (91 hours) Hard to collect the information High intensity (123 mm/hour) Large depth (3,000 mm-91 hour) Broad extent (1/4 of Taiwan) The scale and type of the disaster increasing with the frequent appearance of extreme weather Large-scale landslide and compound disaster become a new challenge • Area:202 ha Depth:84 meter Volume: 24 million m3 2.1 Root Cause and disaster risk drivers 3000 Landslide Landslide (Shallow, Soil) (Deep, Bedrock) Landslide dam break Flood Debris flow Landslide dam form Alisan Station ) 2000 -
Typhoon Haima in the Lao People's Democratic Republic
TYPHOON HAIMA IN THE LAO PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC Joint Damage, Losses and Needs Assessment – August, 2011 A Report prepared by the Government of the Lao PDR with support from the ADB , ADPC, FAO , GFDRR, Save the Children, UNDP, UNFPA, UNICEF, UN-HABITAT, WFP, WHO, World Bank, World Vision, and WSP Lao People's Democratic Republic Peace Independence Democracy Unity Prosperity TYPHOON HAIMA JOINT DAMAGE, LOSSES AND NEEDS ASSESSMENT (JDLNA) *** October 2011 A Report prepared by the Government of the Lao PDR With support from the ADB, ADPC, FAO, GFDRR , Save the Children, UNDP, UNFPA, UNICEF, UN- HABITAT, WFP ,WHO, World Bank, World Vision, AND WSP Vientiane, August 29, 2011 Page i Foreword On June 24-25, 2011, Typhoon Haima hit the Northern and Central parts of the Lao PDR causing heavy rain, widespread flooding and serious erosion in the provinces of Xiengkhouang, Xayaboury, Vientiane and Bolikhamxay. The typhoon caused severe damage and losses to the basic infrastructure, especially to productive areas, the irrigation system, roads and bridges, hospitals, and schools. Further, the typhoon disrupted the local people’s livelihoods, assets and properties. The poor and vulnerable groups of people are most affected by the typhoon. Without immediate recovery efforts, its consequences will gravely compromise the development efforts undertaken so far by the government, seriously set back economic dynamism, and further jeopardise the already very precarious situation in some of the provinces that were hard hit by the typhoon. A Joint Damage, Losses and Needs Assessment (JDLNA) was undertaken, with field visit to the four most affected provinces from 25th July to 5th August 2011. -
2016 International Symposium on Disaster Prevention And
1 “2016 International Symposium on Disaster Prevention and Reduction in Tainan, Taiwan” In conjunction with the 10th Joint International Symposium on Disaster Risk Management In general, East Asia is one of the vulnerable regions most vulnerable to disasters. Numerous disasters have occurred, even in Taiwan—for example, the catastrophic earthquake disaster in Tainan City in February 2016, and the destructive landslide during Typhoon Morakot that severely affected Siaolin, Kaohsiung in August 2009. Disaster prevention and disaster risk reduction have been promoted preferentially in the regions where disasters often occur. It is urgently necessary to further promote disaster prevention and reduction to protect against future more severe disasters caused by the effects of climate change, as well as potential huge earthquakes, which have not yet been recorded in major cities. To achieve this goal effectively and efficiently, we collaborate and cooperate with a variety of government, academic, and industrial organizations working toward disaster prevention and reduction. This joint international symposium is held by the Tainan City Government, Taiwan National Cheng Kung University (NCKU), the Japan Federation of Engineering Societies (JFES), and the World Federation of Engineering Organizations (WFEO). The main purpose of this symposium is to disseminate better prevention and disaster information internationally through global thought and discussion among disaster experts and interested parties. The symposium will provide an opportunity for the global community to discuss earthquake and water-related disasters based upon experiences worldwide. Organized by: Tainan City Government, NCKU-Disaster Prevention Research Center (NCKU-DPRC), WFEO-Committee on Disaster Risk Management (WFEO-CDRM), and JFES Supported by: Japan Society of Civil Engineers (JSCE) and Architectural Institute of Japan (AIJ) Date and time: Wednesday, September 28, 2016, 09:00–17:30 Venue: National Tainan Living Art Center, No. -
2016.07.292372.71 K2015 Annual Report
Philosophy • Equality - to fulfill the constitutional right of equal access to the legal system, and to facilitate improvement of economic status • Human Rights - to protect the human rights of the disadvantaged • The Rule of Law - to complement the system of the rule of law Principles of Service • To be • To be flexible approachable • To provide • To adopt efficient professional procedure services Mission Statement • To engage in self-reflection, seek reforms and enhance the soundness of the legal aid system • To make legal aid available throughout Taiwan • To actively publicize legal aid information • To allow convenient access to legal aid • To advance the quality of legal aid services • To encourage the participation of lawyers in legal aid and social reform • To strengthen the promotion of legal education for disadvantaged people 01 INDEX To Friends of Legal Aid Foundation 3 1. Organization and Overview of Expenditures 1-1. Organization 6 1-2. Annual Income and Expenditures 9 2. Service Outcomes 2-1 Overall Business Service Statistics 12 2-2. Service Outcomes of Special Programs 15 2-3. Improvement of Legal Aid Quality 32 2-4. Promoting legal aid information and public legal education for minority groups 33 2-5. International Communication 38 3. Recipients and Providers 3-1. Analysis of Recipients 42 3-2. Analysis of Providers 44 4. Modification of system and legislation 46 5. Gratitude for donors and information 51 6. Appendices 6-1. Summary breakdown of human resources 56 6-2. Our Branch Offices 58 ・PROFESSIONAL・EFFICIENT・FLEXIBLE・APPROACHABLE LEGAL AID FOUNDATION To Friends of Legal Aid Foundation A new foundation, a new beginning. -
The Change in Rainfall from Tropical Cyclones Due to Orographic Effect of the Sierra Madre Mountain Range in Luzon, Philippines
Philippine Journal of Science 145 (4): 313-326, December 2016 ISSN 0031 - 7683 Date Received: ?? Feb 20?? The Change in Rainfall from Tropical Cyclones Due to Orographic Effect of the Sierra Madre Mountain Range in Luzon, Philippines Bernard Alan B. Racoma1,2*, Carlos Primo C. David1, Irene A. Crisologo1, and Gerry Bagtasa3 1National Institute of Geological Sciences, College of Science, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines 2Nationwide Operational Assessment of Hazards, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines 3Institute of Environmental Science and Meteorology, College of Science, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines This paper discusses the Sierra Madre Mountain Range of the Philippines and its associated influence on the intensity and distribution of rainfall during tropical cyclones. Based on Weather and Research Forecasting model simulations, a shift in rainfall was observed in different portions of the country, due to the reduction of the topography of the mountain. Besides increasing the rainfall along the mountain range, a shift in precipitation was observed during Tropical Storm Ondoy, Typhoon Labuyo, and Tropical Storm Mario. It was also observed that the presence of the Sierra Madre Mountain Range slows down the movement of a tropical cyclones, and as such allowing more time for precipitation to form over the country. Wind profiles also suggest that the windward and leeward sides of mountain ranges during Tropical Cyclones changes depending on the storm path. It has been suggested that in predicting the distribution of rainfall, the direction of movement of a tropical cyclones as well as its adjacent areas be taken into great consideration. -
On the Extreme Rainfall of Typhoon Morakot (2009)
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 116, D05104, doi:10.1029/2010JD015092, 2011 On the extreme rainfall of Typhoon Morakot (2009) Fang‐Ching Chien1 and Hung‐Chi Kuo2 Received 21 September 2010; revised 17 December 2010; accepted 4 January 2011; published 4 March 2011. [1] Typhoon Morakot (2009), a devastating tropical cyclone (TC) that made landfall in Taiwan from 7 to 9 August 2009, produced the highest recorded rainfall in southern Taiwan in the past 50 years. This study examines the factors that contributed to the heavy rainfall. It is found that the amount of rainfall in Taiwan was nearly proportional to the reciprocal of TC translation speed rather than the TC intensity. Morakot’s landfall on Taiwan occurred concurrently with the cyclonic phase of the intraseasonal oscillation, which enhanced the background southwesterly monsoonal flow. The extreme rainfall was caused by the very slow movement of Morakot both in the landfall and in the postlandfall periods and the continuous formation of mesoscale convection with the moisture supply from the southwesterly flow. A composite study of 19 TCs with similar track to Morakot shows that the uniquely slow translation speed of Morakot was closely related to the northwestward‐extending Pacific subtropical high (PSH) and the broad low‐pressure systems (associated with Typhoon Etau and Typhoon Goni) surrounding Morakot. Specifically, it was caused by the weakening steering flow at high levels that primarily resulted from the weakening PSH, an approaching short‐wave trough, and the northwestward‐tilting Etau. After TC landfall, the circulation of Goni merged with the southwesterly flow, resulting in a moisture conveyer belt that transported moisture‐laden air toward the east‐northeast.