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Part 1-B Cause & Impact of Landfalling Tropical Cyclone
Part 1-b Cause & Impact of Landfalling Tropical Cyclone Rainfall & River Flooding • In addition to high winds & storm surge, all tropical storms can produce torrential rains causing massive flooding & trigger landslides and debris floods • Catastrophic flash flooding may occur as a result of intense rainfall over a relatively short duration. Longer duration storms, say a few days, can be equally devastating. 2 River flooding associated with heavy rainfall from tropical cyclones Flood stages & inundation maps • Rain-triggered flooding is not confined to coastal areas. The reach of a large tropical storm can cause flooding well inland, especially along the estuaries. • Beneficial contributions of tropical cyclones: rainfall for needed water supply in the region; and maintenance of global heat balance 5 Cases of landfalling of catastrophic tropical cyclones • Hurricane Andrew , August 24, 1993- Florida • Hurricane Allison , June 5-9, 2001- Houston and TX and LA coasts • Hurricane Katrina , Aug 29, 2005- New Orleans & LA and TX coasts • Hurricane Mitch , Oct 26- Nov 5, Honduras, Salvador, Nicaragua, and Guatemala • Typhoon Morakot , August 3-10, 2009, Taiwan • Typhoon Ketsana , Sept 23-30, 2009, Manila, Philippine , Vietnam & Cambodia 6 Hurricane Andrew (Aug24,1993) 7 Hurricane Andrew (Aug24,1993) Source: Report on Hurricane Andrew Storm Summary & Impacts on Florida Beaches, by USACE & Florida DNR, May 1993 Pressure zones, wind zones and storm surge contour 9 Surge at landfall & waves height Storm surges Wave Heights 10 Impact of gusts on homes 11 Impacts on beaches of Florida 12 Erosion and accretion of beach profiles 13 Hurricane Allison, June 5-9, 2001 * Hurricane Allison’s swath of rainfall – 25-50 cm or more rainfall in coastal TX & LA for nearly 6 days. -
Natural Disaster Hotspots
Japan Society of Civil Engineers 100th Anniversary Commemorative Ceremony – the 3rd RTM on Disaster Management November 19, 2014 Natural Characteristics of Taiwan Disasters Caused by Typhoon Morakot Reconstruction of Alishan Highway Rational Thoughts 2 1. Natural Characteristics of Taiwan Natural Disaster Risk According to the report by the World Bank (2005) 「Natural Disaster Hotspots – A Global Risk Analysis」 In Taiwan, 73.1% of Total Area and Population Exposed to Multiple Hazard Types of Hazard: Cyclones, Floods, Earthquakes, Landslides Taiwan 4 Typhoon and heavy rain Map of Typhoon routes, 1985~2005 Taiwan NASA 5 Typhoon and heavy rain Average Water Usage per Capita Geographical features and Average Annual Rainfall (mm/yr) (m3/per capita/yr) hydrological background in Taiwan Taiwan Philippines Japan India Uk Italy USA 5.4 times 2.5 times France China Canada Australia Saudi Arabia Average Slope of River Dajia River Zhuoshui River Danshui River EUR. Rhine Elevation Taiwan (m) Japan Shinanogawa USA Colorado River Tonegawa China Mekong River Distance (m) 6 Eurasian Eurasian Plate Plate Philippine Sea Plate Distribution of annual earthquakes 49928 49928 50000 地震次數No. of Earthquake地震次數 50000 1999 5年平均 5年平均Avg. of 5yrs Chichi EQ 40000 28808 數 40000 30000 28097 次 25449 19347 16074 24323 震 22093 No.of No.of EQ 21783 2880816977 數 地 20000 17961 18059 18379 15650 16244 16422 30000 14802 2809714981 次 4319 10000 25449 19347 16074 4933 24323 4682 5446 震 4518 22093 2017 21783 169770 地 20000 17961 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003180592004 2005 2006 2007183792008 15650 16244時 Year 間 16422 14802 14981 7 4319 10000 4933 4682 5446 4518 2017 0 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 時 間 Chichi Earthquake, 1999 Sept. -
Efforts for Emergency Observation Mapping in Manila Observatory
Efforts for Emergency Observation Mapping in Manila Observatory: Development of a Typhoon Impact Estimation System (TIES) focusing on Economic Flood Loss of Urban Poor Communities in Metro Manila UN-SPIDER International Conference on Space-based Technologies for Disaster Risk Reduction – “Enhancing Disaster Preparedness for Effective Emergency Response” Session 4: Demonstrating Advances in Earth Observation to Build Back Better September 25, 2018 Ma. Flordeliza P. Del Castillo Manila Observatory EMERGENCY OBSERVATION MAPPING IN MANILA OBSERVATORY • Typhoon Reports • Sentinel Asia Data Analysis Node (2011-present) • Flood loss estimation for urban poor households in Metro Manila (2016-present) 1. Regional Climate Systems (RCS) – Hazard analysis (Rainfall and typhoon forecast) 2. Instrumentation and Efforts before typhoon arrives Technology Development – Automated Weather Stations 3. Geomatics for Environment and Development – Mapping and integration of Hazard, Exposure and Vulnerability layers Observing from space and also from the ground. Efforts during typhoon event Now, incorporating exposure and vulnerability variables Efforts after a typhoon event Data Analysis Node (Post- Disaster Event) Image Source: Secretariat of Sentinel Asia Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sentinel Asia Annual Report 2016 MO Emergency Observation (EO) and Mapping Protocol (15 October 2018) Step 1: Step 2: Step 3: Establish the Apply for EMERGENCY Elevate status to LOCATION/COVERAGE of OBSERVATION to International Disaster EOR Sentinel Asia (SA) Charter (IDC) by ADRC Step 6: Step 5: Step 4: Upload maps in MO, SA MAP Download images & IDC websites PRODUCTION Emergency Observation Mapping Work • December 2011 – T.S. Washi “Sendong” • August 2012 – Southwest Monsoon Flood “Habagat” • ” Emergency Observation Mapping Work • December 2011 – T.S. Washi “Sendong” • August 2012 – Southwest Monsoon Flood “Habagat” • December 2012 – Bopha “Pablo” • August 2013 – Southwest Monsoon Flood and T.S. -
The Impact of Tropical Cyclone Hayan in the Philippines: Contribution of Spatial Planning to Enhance Adaptation in the City of Tacloban
UNIVERSIDADE DE LISBOA FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS Faculdade de Ciências Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas Faculdade de Letras Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia Instituto de Ciências Sociais Instituto Superior de Agronomia Instituto Superior Técnico The impact of tropical cyclone Hayan in the Philippines: Contribution of spatial planning to enhance adaptation in the city of Tacloban Doutoramento em Alterações Climáticas e Políticas de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Especialidade em Ciências do Ambiente Carlos Tito Santos Tese orientada por: Professor Doutor Filipe Duarte Santos Professor Doutor João Ferrão Documento especialmente elaborado para a obtenção do grau de Doutor 2018 UNIVERSIDADE DE LISBOA FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS Faculdade de Ciências Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas Faculdade de Letras Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia Instituto de Ciências Sociais Instituto Superior de Agronomia Instituto Superior Técnico The impact of tropical cyclone Haiyan in the Philippines: Contribution of spatial planning to enhance adaptation in the city of Tacloban Doutoramento em Alterações Climáticas e Políticas de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Especialidade em Ciências do Ambiente Carlos Tito Santos Júri: Presidente: Doutor Rui Manuel dos Santos Malhó; Professor Catedrático Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa Vogais: Doutor Carlos Daniel Borges Coelho; Professor Auxiliar Departamento de Engenharia Civil da Universidade de Aveiro Doutor Vítor Manuel Marques Campos; Investigador Auxiliar Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil(LNEC) -
6 2. Annual Summaries of the Climate System in 2009 2.1 Climate In
2. Annual summaries of the climate system in above normal in Okinawa/Amami because hot and 2009 sunny weather was dominant under the subtropical high in July and August. 2.1 Climate in Japan (d) Autumn (September – November 2009, Fig. 2.1.1 Average surface temperature, precipitation 2.1.4d) amounts and sunshine durations Seasonal mean temperatures were near normal in The annual anomaly of the average surface northern and Eastern Japan, although temperatures temperature over Japan (averaged over 17 observatories swung widely. In Okinawa/Amami, seasonal mean confirmed as being relatively unaffected by temperatures were significantly above normal due to urbanization) in 2009 was 0.56°C above normal (based the hot weather in the first half of autumn. Monthly on the 1971 – 2000 average), and was the seventh precipitation amounts were significantly below normal highest since 1898. On a longer time scale, average nationwide in September due to dominant anticyclones. surface temperatures have been rising at a rate of about In contrast, in November, they were significantly 1.13°C per century since 1898 (Fig. 2.1.1). above normal in Western Japan under the influence of the frequent passage of cyclones and fronts around 2.1.2 Seasonal features Japan. In October, Typhoon Melor (0918) made (a) Winter (December 2008 – February 2009, Fig. landfall on mainland Japan, bringing heavy rainfall and 2.1.4a) strong winds. Since the winter monsoon was much weaker than (e) December 2009 usual, seasonal mean temperatures were above normal In the first half of December, temperatures were nationwide. In particular, they were significantly high above normal nationwide, and heavy precipitation was in Northern Japan, Eastern Japan and Okinawa/Amami. -
Global Catastrophe Review – 2015
GC BRIEFING An Update from GC Analytics© March 2016 GLOBAL CATASTROPHE REVIEW – 2015 The year 2015 was a quiet one in terms of global significant insured losses, which totaled around USD 30.5 billion. Insured losses were below the 10-year and 5-year moving averages of around USD 49.7 billion and USD 62.6 billion, respectively (see Figures 1 and 2). Last year marked the lowest total insured catastrophe losses since 2009 and well below the USD 126 billion seen in 2011. 1 The most impactful event of 2015 was the Port of Tianjin, China explosions in August, rendering estimated insured losses between USD 1.6 and USD 3.3 billion, according to the Guy Carpenter report following the event, with a December estimate from Swiss Re of at least USD 2 billion. The series of winter storms and record cold of the eastern United States resulted in an estimated USD 2.1 billion of insured losses, whereas in Europe, storms Desmond, Eva and Frank in December 2015 are expected to render losses exceeding USD 1.6 billion. Other impactful events were the damaging wildfires in the western United States, severe flood events in the Southern Plains and Carolinas and Typhoon Goni affecting Japan, the Philippines and the Korea Peninsula, all with estimated insured losses exceeding USD 1 billion. The year 2015 marked one of the strongest El Niño periods on record, characterized by warm waters in the east Pacific tropics. This was associated with record-setting tropical cyclone activity in the North Pacific basin, but relative quiet in the North Atlantic. -
Appendix 8: Damages Caused by Natural Disasters
Building Disaster and Climate Resilient Cities in ASEAN Draft Finnal Report APPENDIX 8: DAMAGES CAUSED BY NATURAL DISASTERS A8.1 Flood & Typhoon Table A8.1.1 Record of Flood & Typhoon (Cambodia) Place Date Damage Cambodia Flood Aug 1999 The flash floods, triggered by torrential rains during the first week of August, caused significant damage in the provinces of Sihanoukville, Koh Kong and Kam Pot. As of 10 August, four people were killed, some 8,000 people were left homeless, and 200 meters of railroads were washed away. More than 12,000 hectares of rice paddies were flooded in Kam Pot province alone. Floods Nov 1999 Continued torrential rains during October and early November caused flash floods and affected five southern provinces: Takeo, Kandal, Kampong Speu, Phnom Penh Municipality and Pursat. The report indicates that the floods affected 21,334 families and around 9,900 ha of rice field. IFRC's situation report dated 9 November stated that 3,561 houses are damaged/destroyed. So far, there has been no report of casualties. Flood Aug 2000 The second floods has caused serious damages on provinces in the North, the East and the South, especially in Takeo Province. Three provinces along Mekong River (Stung Treng, Kratie and Kompong Cham) and Municipality of Phnom Penh have declared the state of emergency. 121,000 families have been affected, more than 170 people were killed, and some $10 million in rice crops has been destroyed. Immediate needs include food, shelter, and the repair or replacement of homes, household items, and sanitation facilities as water levels in the Delta continue to fall. -
An Alternative Chronicle of Natural Disaster: Social Justice Journalism in Taiwan
International Journal of Communication 13(2019), 3321–3340 1932–8036/20190005 An Alternative Chronicle of Natural Disaster: Social Justice Journalism in Taiwan CHIAONING SU Oakland University, USA In 2009, Taiwan experienced a catastrophic natural disaster, Typhoon Morakot, which killed 700 people and caused $4.7 billion in economic losses. While mainstream media spent a month covering this event and focused only on the ravaged landscape, political tensions, and public sentiment, an alternative news platform, 88news, dedicated four years to investigating the disaster relief efforts of both the government and the NGOs, and their impact on the lives of indigenous victims. Focusing on the content of 88news and its production process, this article examines an alternative disaster story told by a group of independent journalists to make political interventions in times of crisis. It argues that disasters present not only a disruption of the normal social life, but also an intervention of mainstream news production and representation that opens an alternative space for marginal voices, both journalistically and ethnically, to question the dominant world view. Keywords: alternative journalism, indigenous culture, social justice, natural disaster, environmental refugees In the age of extreme weather, human suffering is on the rise as natural disasters increase in frequency and intensity. In 2009, Taiwan experienced a catastrophe of historic proportions when Typhoon Morakot pummeled the island on August 8. Over 48 hours, the storm dumped a record-breaking 2,777 mm of rain in Southern Taiwan, triggering major landslides, killing nearly 700 people, and causing more than $4.7 billion in economic losses (Ge, Li, Zhang, & Peng, 2010). -
State of the Climate in 2015
STATE OF THE CLIMATE IN 2015 Special Supplement to the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Vol. 97, No. 8, August 2016 severed during the storm, and four days after the Islands, on 28 June. Over the next couple of days, the storm nearly 60% of the nation’s inhabited islands system moved westward into the Australian region, remained cut off from the outside world. According where it was named a TC. Raquel then moved east- to UNESCO, 268 million U.S. dollars was required for ward into the South Pacific basin, where it weakened total recovery and rehabilitation of Vanuatu. into a tropical depression. On 4 July, the system The storm’s winds gradually slowed afterwards as moved south-westward and impacted the Solomon Pam tracked west of the Tafea Islands. However, the Islands with high wind gusts and heavy rain. Fiji Meteorological Service indicated that the TC’s pressure dropped farther to 896 hPa on 14 March. f. Tropical cyclone heat potential—G. J. Goni, J. A. Knaff, As Pam travelled farther south, the storm’s eye faded and I.-I. Lin away and Pam’s low-level circulation became dis- This section summarizes the previously described placed from its associated thunderstorms, indicating tropical cyclone (TC) basins from the standpoint of a rapid weakening phase. Later on 15 March, Pam en- tropical cyclone heat potential (TCHP) by focusing on tered a phase of extratropical transition and affected vertically integrated upper ocean temperature condi- northeast New Zealand and the Chatham Islands tions during the season for each basin with respect to with high winds, heavy rain, and rough seas. -
STRA International Conference, Singapore June 2017
MATTER: International Journal of Science and Technology ISSN 2454-5880 CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS Scientific and Technical Research Association 14th International Conference on Researches in Science and Technology (ICRST), 16-17 June 2017, Singapore 16-17 June 2017 Conference Venue Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Executive Centre, Singapore 1 14th International Conference on Researches in Science and Technology (ICRST), 16-17 June 2017, Singapore Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Executive Centre, Singapore MATTER: International Journal of Science and Technology ISSN 2454-5880 KEYNOTE SPEAKER Dr. Azilawati Jamaludin National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 2 14th International Conference on Researches in Science and Technology (ICRST), 16-17 June 2017, Singapore Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Executive Centre, Singapore MATTER: International Journal of Science and Technology ISSN 2454-5880 UTILIZATION OF BRIQUETTE CHARCOAL FROM MIXTURE BIOMASS FUEL AS ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES IN SMALL INDUSTRIES Ghufran Aulia Chemistry Departement, University of Indonesia, 16424 Depok, Indonesia Talitha Heriza Chemistry Departement, University of Indonesia, 16424 Depok, Indonesia Ghufran Aulia GICICRST1703055 Aisa Amanda Chemistry Departement, University of Indonesia, 16424 Depok, Indonesia Alwy Fahmi Chemistry Departement, University of Indonesia, 16424 Depok, Indonesia Abstract. In line with the increasing demand of energy, the development of alternative energy resources must continue be done. Although that function is to overcome the previous energy,even verified and varied of oil or fuel with seek new alternative energy resourses . Average price of small industry make the primary energy source of kerosene and firewood, which is in its production process requires considerable energy and fuel costs are high. Therefore, the needed to find green energy sources as alternative energy that can reduce the industry's dependence on petroleum industry and firewood that could have a negative impact on the planet. -
Flood Hazard Mapping in an Urban Area Using Combined Hydrologic-Hydraulic Models and Geospatial Technologies
Global J. Environ. Sci. Manage. 5(2): 139-154, Spring 2019 Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management (GJESM) Homepage: https://www.gjesm.net/ ORIGINAL RESEARCH PAPER Flood hazard mapping in an urban area using combined hydrologic-hydraulic models and geospatial technologies B.A.M.Talisay*, G.R. Puno, R.A.L. Amper GeoSAFER Northern Mindanao/ Cotabato Project, College of Forestry and Environmental Science, Central Mindanao University, Musuan, Maramag, Bukidnon, Philippines ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Flooding is one of the most occurring natural hazards every year risking the lives and Article History: Received 12 August 2018 properties of the affected communities, especially in Philippine context. To visualize Revised 12 November 2018 the extent and mitigate the impacts of flood hazard in Malingon River in Valencia Accepted 30 November 2018 City, Bukidnon, this paper presents the combination of Geographic Information System, high-resolution Digital Elevation Model, land cover, soil, observed hydro-meteorological data; and the combined Hydrologic Engineering Center- Keywords: Hydrologic Modeling System and River Analysis System models. The hydrologic Geographic information system (GIS) model determines the precipitation-runoff relationships of the watershed and the Inundation hydraulic model calculates the flood depth and flow pattern in the floodplain area. Light detection and ranging The overall performance of hydrologic model during calibration was “very good fit” Model calibration based on the criterion of Nash-Sutcliffe Coefficient of Model Efficiency, Percentage Bias and Root Mean Square Error – Observations Standard Deviation Ratio with the values of 0.87, -8.62 and 0.46, respectively. On the other hand, the performance of hydraulic model during error computation was “intermediate fit” using F measure analysis with a value of 0.56, using confusion matrix with 80.5% accuracy and the Root Mean Square Error of 0.47 meters. -
TYPHOON MORAKOT As of 10 August, 2009
!\ !\ !\ !\ !\ TYPHOON MORAKOT As of 10 August, 2009 !( Tropical Storm Morakot was upgraded to a Typhoon on 5 Aug, Shanghai at 18hrs. It was then downgraded back to a Tropical Storm on Legend 7 Aug, at 18hrs. Hangzhou Source: GDACS !( !\! OCHA office or presence 10-Aug-09 !( Ningbo Jinhua !\ Country capital !( JAPAN !( Major town or city ZHEJIANG CHINA Morakot Storm Path TAIWAN PROVINCE OF CHINA Typhoon Morakot struck Taiwan on 7-8 August causing severe flooding Morokat (Projected) 12 dead 52 missing States/Provinces affected Fuzhou 9-Aug-09 "Tens of Thousands" affected in Pingtung, Tainan, Chiayi, and !( Hualien counties. by Heavy Rains, Flooding, The military has been deployed to distribute food and water to or Landslides affected communities. FUJIAN Taipei Source: AFP !( Affected Countries 8-Aug-09 HUALIAN Map Doc Name: CHIAYI M o r a k o t OCHA_ROAP-Sitmap_Morakot 7-Aug-09 5-Aug-09 4-Aug-09 TAINAN GLIDE Number: (China) TC-2009-000150-TWN 6-Aug-09 (Philippines) FF-2009-000152-PHL PINGTUNG Creation Date: 6 Aug 2009 Projection/Datum: Behrmann HANOI Web Resources: http://ochaonline.un.org/roap !\ Nominal Scale at A4 paper size: 3-Aug-09 1:13,000,000 CHINA The approach of Tropical Storm Morakot has so far killed 1 child and caused the evacuation of more than 970,000 people in 0 250 500 Zhejiang and Fujian provinces. In Zhejiang approximately 35,000 ships have been called back from the sea, as the authorities issue a red alert (the highest) Kilometers In Fujian a cargo ship lost control and was blown onto a reef.