IndonesianINDONESIAN Journal of SocialJOURNAL and Environmental OF SOCIAL AND Issues, E NVIRONMENTALVolume 1, Issue 1 (April ISSUES 2020): (IJSEI) 34-38 ISSN: 2722-1369 (Online), Volume 1, Issue 1 (April 2020): 34-38 https://ojs.literacyinstitute.org/index.php/ijsei

Research Article

Participation of Community in Rural Development in Oengkolaki Village Mawasangka District Central Muslimin1, Muhammad Arsyad2, Sarmadan3 Department of Sociology Halu Oleo University, 1Email: [email protected] 2Email: [email protected] 3Email: [email protected]

Received 25 January 2020, Accepted 28 March 2020, Published 17 April

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the kinds of participation of community and the factors driving participation in rural development in Oengkolaki Village, Mawasangka District, Buton Tengah Regency. This type of research is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques through literature review and field research conducted through observation, interviews, and documentation. After the data has been redundant, then completed the analysis by using qualitative techniques. The results of the study aimed that the form of community participation in rural development in Oengkolaki Village, Mawasangka District, Buton Tengah Regency included participation in development planning, development implementation, and participating in utilizing the results of development. The factors driving community participation in development are awareness, community capacity, and rising community income. Keyword: Participation of Community; Rural Development; Oengkolaki Village.

Introduction Of course, the situation is very unfavor- The multi-dimensional national develop- able because many people in Oengkolaki ment in its management involves all Village are in contradiction, people in government officials, both at the central and Oengkolaki Village want the best for regional levels and even at the village level. In Oengkolaki Village but the reasons for the sociology dictionary, it is stated that participating in the development greeting are participation is the participation of a person in still lacking. If it is seen from the number, only a social group to take part in the activities of a small portion of the community participates his community, outside of his work or in the joint development, and only families profession (Theodorson in Melis, 2016). from the village apparatus and people who In implementing development goals, all have cooperation ideas, such as the elderly existing potentials must be developed, such as who directly participate in building. Such human potential in the form of the population conditions are a problem and an obstacle for which must be increased in knowledge and rural development to prosper the community. skills to be able to explore, develop and utilize The problem related to community natural potential to the full, and to achieve the participation in development in Oengkolaki implementation of development programs. Village is the weakening of the community's According to Isbandi (2007), the results of desire to be involved in development because the study showed that community partici- they think that this development is not pation in village development included important or not according to community participation in the form of ideas or thoughts, needs, opportunities are given by the village participation in the form of energy, par- government are always open but the ability ticipation in material forms, and participation and willingness of the community are still in evaluating the results of development. lacking or low.

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Based on this phenomenon, I intend to photographs of documentation relevant to encourage the community to be directly the theme raised in this study. involved in village development as is the duty To analyze the data obtained by of village communities. Actually to carry out researchers using qualitative data analysis community development has the desire to techniques as intended by Miles and participate but the community still has a lot of Huberman (Upe, 2016), including data reduc- influence from other village communities not tion, data display, and conclusions drawing. to participate. This resulted in conflicts in the Data reduction is a form of analysis that implementation of development between the sharpens, classifies, organizes, directs, community and the village government. discards unnecessary data, and organizes data Thus, there are two objectives in writing in such a way that finally the collected data this article, namely to find out the form of can be verified. community participation and the factors Presentation of data is an assembly of driving community participation in rural information organizations, descriptions in the development in Oengkolaki Village, Mawa- form of narratives that enable the conclusions sangka District, Buton Tengah Regency. of research can be done. The data presentation must refer to the formulation of the problem Materials and Methods that has been formulated as a research This research has been carried out in question so that the narration presented is a Oengkolaki Village, Mawasangka District, description of the detailed conditions for Buton Tengah Regency. The determination of telling and answering the questions. Presen- the research location is based on several tation of qualitative data in addition to being considerations related to the issues to be presented in the form of a narrative text can studied relating to community participation in also be presented in the form of matrices, rural development. In determining informants, graphs, networks, and charts. the researcher uses purposive sampling After presenting the data, the next step is techniques, including village communities, concluding. Concluding is the end of the village officials, and some community leaders. qualitative research activities. The researcher The type of data used in this study must conclude and verify, both in terms of the consisted of qualitative and quantitative data. meaning that the researcher formulated and Qualitative data is a type of data that is written the truth of the conclusion agreed upon by the or oral in a series of words or sentences. While subject where the research was conducted. quantitative data is a numerically mathe- matical type of data. The data sources in this Results and Discussion study, namely primary data and secondary 1. The Forms of Community Participation data. Primary data is data created by In developing a development, it certainly researchers for the specific purpose of solving cannot be separated from community the problem being handled, primary data participation. Thus community participation is obtained through interviews using interview needed both in planning, implementing, and guides compiled by researchers to obtain data utilizing the results of development (Gaventa on informants. While secondary data is data and Valderma in Astuti D., 2009) asserting that has been available at the agency in the that community participation has shifted the study location. concept of participation towards a concern The data collection techniques used in with various forms of citizen participation in this study includes: policy-making and decision making in various 1. Observation, namely attention focused on key venues that affect the lives of citizens. In a symptom, event, or something to development, the community plays a role as a interpret it, express the causes, and subject and object that has a very important discovering the rules that govern it. location in the sustainability of development. 2. Interviews, conducted to obtain detailed According to Isbandi (2007), community data and reveal answers from research participation is community participation in the informants. process of identifying problems and potential 3. Documentation, carried out by looking that exists in the community, selecting and back at the literature or documents and making decisions about alternative solutions

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Indonesian Journal of Social and Environmental Issues, Volume 1, Issue 1 (April 2020): 34-38 to deal with problems, implementing efforts to b. Participation in Development overcome problems, and community Implementation involvement in the process of evaluating In the implementation of mutual changes that occur. assistance activities, community participation Community participation is often seen as is a form of community service which means a an inseparable part of community empower- partnership to achieve the desired results. ment efforts. According to Mardikanto (2014) Where in the activities of mutual assistance that the participation of a person or group of will have a positive impact, both in the community members in an activity. These principle of voluntary, please help, and forms of participation in their implementation togetherness among fellow community activities certainly require prerequisites, one members. This shows that Oengkolaki Village of which is the element of volunteerism in community participation still needs to be carrying out such participation, because in increased to get the desires that are expected carrying out participation means participating in the success of the development, the need for in a problem that requires the participation of compact cooperation between the government various groups around him to be able to and the community because community achieve goals. awareness cannot arise by itself. a. Participation in Development Planning Community participation is giving greater It can be concluded that, obtained opportunities to the general public to take information on the form of community part in the process of determining actions that participation in citizens that in this case shows will affect their lives. With participation, the the level of community participation in community, in general, will have greater contributing opinions is still minimal because control over events that affect their lives, so the community is not directly involved in that they will be able to empower them, making the determination and preparation of especially for weak groups. The form of development programs. community participation in participation in Amirudin (2003) formulated the concept Oengkolaki Village in development is said to of aspiration containing two meanings, below. However, people are still not aware of aspiration at the level of ideas and aspirations and have their initiatives on the importance of at the level of structural roles. At the level of mutual support and supporting their ideas, concepts mean many verbal ideas from contribution to accelerating development. any level of society. At the level of role in the c. Participation in Utilizing Development structure is direct involvement in an activity Results held by the government. Community understanding is one of the In the development planning process, keys that is very important in the success of decisions are needed that determine the the development. With the community's activities that will be carried out to achieve the understanding in the development process, objectives of the implementation of the the government will no longer implement a development program in Oengkolaki Village, Top-Down development system but will apply through aspirations and implementation of the a Bottom-Up system where proposals from the Musrenbang to see how far the community has community will be an important input in an active role or involvement in the process of regional development efforts. formulating and establishing development Therefore, members of the community programs. It can be concluded that community level have the right to participate in enjoying participation in Oengkolaki Village has not all the results of existing businesses such as been optimal because in the implementation utilizing the results of development and of the Musrenbang the activities are only participate in maintaining and utilizing the represented by certain parties, which in the results of development. Community partici- future without the presence of the community pation in receiving and utilizing in Oengkolaki will make the development program unable to Village is still relatively lacking in results, this be achieved as a whole. After all, the can be seen from the indicators of yield community does not know the Preparation utilization and developing development process and the ins and outs of the program. results.

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Indonesian Journal of Social and Environmental Issues, Volume 1, Issue 1 (April 2020): 34-38

Maintaining the results of development is other parties so that participation in an act of community participation which is an development is still lacking. expression of a sense of ownership of the c. Income development results. If the community gets a Revenue is very influential for the good understanding of the benefits of continuity of a development business, the development results, it will also have a good greater the income obtained, the greater the impact to care for the development results ability of a business to finance all expenses later. and activities to be carried out in terms of Maintaining the results of development development. Revenue is generated when the means that the community and development entity has largely completed what was officials in Oengkolaki Village can maintain the supposed to be done to be entitled to the results of development carried out by the benefits provided from revenue, i.e. if the government so that the community wants to process of producing development has been preserve and maintain the development that completed. After learning that the educational has been carried out to improve the welfare of factor is very influential on community the community. The benefit-taking in this participation in development, the following development must be channeled and felt by will also explain how the effect of income in the people who participate and cooperate in it. development, particularly in the form of 2. Push Factors of Participation financial contributions. Based on the different According to Deviyanti (2013), there are income of the people of Oengkolaki Village, it several factors supporting community is also possible to participate in different participation in a program, the emergence of developments. participation is an expression of human If the higher a person's income, it is behavior to take action. There are several possible for participation in development to factors supporting community participation in be higher too, but if income is unstable or a program, the emergence of participation is irregular it will prevent people from an expression of human behavior to take any participating, another reason is obtained by action, where the embodiment of the behavior the writer so that the informant rarely or is driven by the existence of two main factors never participates in money because usually that support, namely (1) awareness; (2) the the calculation his life is higher when ability for the community to participate. compared to income. a. Awareness Awareness is conversion, a state of under- Conclusion standing things that are felt or experienced by The forms of community participation in someone. Participation in a development village development are community activity does not just arise but because there is participation in the form of absorption of a push for participation. One of them is the aspirations such as ideas as a form of community awareness factor itself. Partici- contributing to development planning pation in a development activity does not arise (Musrenbang) can be seen in how far the simply but because of what drives it to community has an active role or involvement participation. One of them is the community in the process of formulating and establishing awareness factor itself. development programs. b. Ability In the implementation of mutual More ability on the effectiveness of the assistance activities, community participation person in doing all kinds of work. This means is a form of community service which means a that ability is the basis of a person doing a job partnership to achieve the desired results. effectively and certainly efficiently. The ability Where in the activities of mutual assistance to perform tasks that require energy or will have a positive impact, both in the stamina in the form of skills, strengths, or principle of voluntary, please help, and similar characteristics. It can be concluded togetherness among fellow community that the community is still lacking confidence members. With participation, the community, with the ability to build their village is very in general, will have greater control over minimal; the community tends to depend on events that affect their lives, so that they will

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Indonesian Journal of Social and Environmental Issues, Volume 1, Issue 1 (April 2020): 34-38 be able to empower them, especially for weak groups. Therefore, members of the community level have the right to participate in enjoying all the results of existing businesses such as utilizing the results of development and participate in maintaining and utilizing the results of development. Maintaining the results of development means that the community and development officials in Oengkolaki Village can maintain the results of development carried out by the government so that the community wants to preserve and maintain the development that has been carried out to improve the welfare of the community.

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